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BAB VI PENUTUP

6.2 Saran

Penelitian yang penulis lakukan merupakan penelitian untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor apa saja yang melatarbelakangi kebijakan pengendalian imigrasi Hungaria yang ketat dalam menangani arus pencari suaka Suriah pada Tahun 2015-2017. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penelitian ini masih ada beberapa hal yang dapat lebih dalam dieksplorasi. Oleh karena itu penulis meyarankan kepada penelitian selanjutnya untuk meneliti aspek-aspek lain dalam kebijakan pengendalian imigrasi Hungaria. Aspek sejarah dan identitas nasional dapat lebih dieksplorasi dalam pengaruhnya terhadap kebijakan Hungaria dalam menghadapi krisis pengungsi dan pencari suaka dari negara-negara Islam seperti Suriah.

Perihal teori yang digunakan, Immigration Control Policy Theory bisa menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk menganalisa fenomena faktor dibalik perubahan kebijakan pengendalian imigrasi suatu negara dalam menangani arus imigran, pengungsi, dan/atau pencari suaka ke wilayahnya. Penulis merasa teori ini perlu lebih dikembangkan karena mampu secara komprehensif melihat suatu kasus dalam berbagai aspek. Penulis berharap di masa depan teori ini mampu mengembangkan teknik analisa yang akurat sehingga mampu menjawab secara pasti bagaimana menentukan dominasi pengaruh dari kelima faktor tersebut.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Buku:

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E-Book:

Győri, Gábor. Hungarian Politics in 2015. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung and Policy Solutions, 2016, http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/budapest/12273.pdf. Diakses pada 7 Maret 2018.

Juhász, Attila et al. Focus On Hungary: Refugees, Asylum And Migration. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Political Capital Kft, 2015, pp. 14-15.

https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/2015-focus-on-hungary_refugees_asylum_migration.pdf. Diakses pada 4 Juni 2017.

Thesis:

Blackwell, Laura-Alice. "Reviewing The Change: A Comparative Historical Analysis On Immigration Control Policy Change Within New Zealand". University of Canterbury, 2011.p.6-113

Hoel, Maria. "The European Union's Response to The Syrian Refugee Crisis". Norwegian University of Science And Technology, 2015.

Nasser, Suha. "Refugees Between EU Policies and Human Rights Law. The Case of Syrian Refugees on Hungarian Borders". University of Gothenburg, 2016.p.13-23

Kelliher, Mia. "Behind Germany’s Willkommenskultur And Hungary’s Xenophobic Sentiments: Responses to The Syrian Refugee Crisis Within The European Union". Puget Sound, 2016.

Jurnal Elektronik :

GÖDRI, Irén et al. Dynamic Historical Analysis of Longer Term Migratory,

Labour Market and Human Capital Processes In Hungary. South East

Europe Transnational Cooperation Programme, 2013, p. 7, http://www.seemig.eu/downloads/outputs/SEEMIGHistoricalAnalysisHung ary.pdf. Diakses pada 17 September 2017.

Juhász, Krisztina. "Assessing Hungary’S Stance On Migration and Asylum in Light of The European And Hungarian Migration Strategies". The Journal

of The Central European Political Science Association, vol 13, no. 1, 2017,

p. 37. Degyuter, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pce-2016-0021. Diakses pada 5 Maret 2018.

LEE, EVERETT S. "A Theory of Migration". Demography, vol 3, no. 1, 1966, pp. 47-75. JSTOR, doi:10.2307/2060063. Diakses pada 7 Juni 2017.

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Of Liberty And International Affairs, vol 1, no. Special Issue, 2016, p. 26. Ejlia.Com. ISSN 1857-9760.

Nagy, Boldizsár. "Hungarian Asylum Law And Policy In 2015–2016: Securitization Instead Of Loyal Cooperation In: Special Issue Constitutional Dimensions Of The Refugee Crisis". The German Law Journal, vol 17, no. 6, 2016, pp. 1033–1081.

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Milner, Helen V., and Dustin Tingley. The Economic And Political Influences On

Different Dimensions Of United States Immigration Policy.

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Winslow, Anna. Shifting Immigration Policies In Response To The Syrian

Refugee Crisis Across The European Union: A Case Analysis Of Germany, Hungary, And Lithuania. 1st ed., 2016, p. 4,

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Aiyar, Shekhar et al. The Refugee Surge in Europe: Economic Challenges. IMF, 2016, p. 13, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2016/sdn1602.pdf. Diakses pada 5 Maret 2108.

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---. "SEVERE LABOR SHORTAGE COMBINED WITH ANTI-IMMIGRATION PROPAGANDA". Hungarianspectrum.Org, 2016, http://hungarianspectrum.org/tag/immigration/. Diakses pada 23 Mei 2017.

---. "Shrinking Population, Shrinking Labor Force, Sluggish Economy".

Hungarian Spectrum, 2017,

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Bayrakli, Enes, and Farid Hafez. "European Islamiphobia Report".

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Bayer, Lili et al. "Hungary’s ‘Zero Refugee’ Strategy". POLITICO, 2016, http://www.politico.eu/article/hungary-zero-refugee-strategy-viktor-orban-europe-migration-crisis/. Diakses pada 30 Agustus 2017.

Dam, Philippe. "Lost Opportunity in Hungary". Human Rights Watch, 2017, https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/04/lost-opportunity-hungary. Diakses pada 3 Januari 2018.

“Everything Stands or Falls on the Closure of Borders”, Government, 2016,

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subject-groups/centre-criminology/centreborder-criminologies/blog/2015/10/hungary’s-actions. Diakses pada 6 Januari 2018. Human Rights Watch, “Hungary: Draft Law Tramples Asylum Seekers’ Rights".

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"Hungary: Recent Legal Amendments Further Destroy Access To Protection".

Helsinki.Hu, 2016, https://www.helsinki.hu/wp-content/uploads/HHC-Hungary-asylum-legal-amendments-Apr-June-2016.pdf. Diakses pada 6 Maret 2018.

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"Islam in Hungary". https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Islam in

Hungary&sr=50. Diakses pada 5 Maret 2018.

"Is This Humanitarian Migration Crisis Different?". oecd.org, 2015, https://www.oecd.org/migration/Is-this-refugee-crisis-different.pdf. Diakses pada 23 Mei 2017.

Jovanovski, Kristina. "Hungary Blocks Migrants, But Needs Foreign Labor".

dw.com, 2016,

http://www.dw.com/en/hungary-blocks-migrants-but-needs-foreign-labor/a-19448738. Diakses pada 5 Maret 2018.

"Key Migration Terms". International Organization For Migration, https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms. Diakses pada 4 Juni 2017.

Kft., Wolters. "2007. LXXXIX. Law On The State Border". Net.Jogtar.Hu, https://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=a0700089.tv. Diakses pada 6 Maret 2018.

Lebor, Adam. "Hungary Likely To Reject European Union Refugee Quota". The

Independent, 2016,

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UPI, 2017,

http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2017/03/28/Europes-refugee-frontier-pushbacks-border-closures-in-Serbia/5321490709427/. Diakses pada 4 Juni 2017.

"No Country For Refugees – Information Note". Magyar Helsinki Bizottság, 2015, http://www.helsinki.hu/en/no-country-for-refugees-information-note/.

Diakses pada 4 Juni 2017.

Pall, Zoltan, and Omar Sayfo. "Why An Anti-Islam Campaign Has Taken Root In Hungary, A Country With Few Muslims". Revue, 2016, http://visegradrevue.eu/why-an-anti-islam-campaign-has-taken-root-in-hungary-a-country-with-few-muslims/. Diakses pada 4 Maret 2018.

Rankin, Jennifer, and Jon Henley. "Islamic State Claims Attacks At Brussels

Airport And Metro Station". The Guardian,

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/22/brussels-airport-explosions-heard. Diakses pada 8 Maret 2018.

Ray, Michael. "Paris Attacks of 2015 | Timeline, Events, & Aftermath".

Encyclopedia Britannica, 2015,

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Reach. "Migration Trends & Patterns Of Syrian Asylum Seekers Travelling To The European Union". Reachresourcecentre.Info, 2015, p.4,

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Refugees, United. "Hungary - Progress Report". UNHCR, 2016, http://www.unhcr.org/protection/detention/57b5832d7/hungary-progress-report.html?query=Hungary. Diakses pada 4 Juni 2017

---."States Parties to The 1951 Convention And Its 1967 Protocol". UNHCR, http://www.unhcr.org/protection/basic/3b73b0d63/states-parties-1951-convention-its-1967-protocol.html. Diakses pada 5 Maret 2018.

---."Syria Emergency". UNHCR, http://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html. Diakses pada 25 Mei 2017.

---."UNHCR Urges Hungary Not to Amend Asylum System in Haste". UNHCR, 2015, http://www.unhcr.org/559641846.html. Diakses pada 3 Maret 2018. "Report On The Visit to the Tompa And Röszke “ Pre - Transit Zone ” Area On

The Serbian - Hungarian Border". Helsinki.Hu, 2016,

http://www.helsinki.hu/wp-content/uploads/HHC_Röszke_Tompa_pre_transit_zone_22April2016.pdf. Diakses pada 4 Juni 2017.

"Secretary General Questions Hungary Over Human Rights". Coe.Int, 2015,

https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/news-2015/- /asset_publisher/9k8wkRrYhB8C/content/secretary-general-questions-hungary-over-human-rights. Diakses pada 3 Maret 2018.

Sentinel, Budapest. "How Viktor Orbán Turned "Asylum Seekers" And "Refugees" Into "Subsistence Migrants"". The Budapest Beacon, 2015, https://budapestbeacon.com/how-viktor-orban-turned-asylum-seekers-and-refugees-into-subsistence-migrants/. Diakses pada 7 Maret 2018.

"States Parties to The 1951 Convention Relating To The Status Of Refugees And The 1967 Protocol". unhcr.org, http://www.unhcr.org/uk/3b73b0d63.pdf. Diakses pada 17 September 2017.

Szalai, András, and Gabriella Gőbl. "Securitizing Migration In Contemporary

Hungary". cens.ceu.edu, 2015,

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TÉTÉNYI, András. "The Europeanization of Asylum Policies In Hungary".

web.isanet.org, http://web.isanet.org/Web/Conferences/CEEISA-ISA-LBJ2016/Archive/b02aaa8c-384e-4ae3-aa9a-f6c72f6f0896.pdf. Diakses pada 7 Maret 2018.

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migrants-hungary-un/hungarys-anti-migrant-policies-may-violate-international-law-unhcr-idUSKCN0Y32H9. Diakses pada 3 Maret 2018.

The 2015 Ageing Report |Underlying Assumptions And Projection Methodologies.

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do/policies/european-agenda-migration/background-information/docs/20160713/factsheet_the_common_european_asylum_syst em_en.pdf/. Diakses pada 30 Agustus 2017

"The Hungarian Uprising of 1956 - History Learning Site". History Learning Site, 2015, http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980/the-cold-war/the-hungarian-uprising-of-1956/. Diakses pada 4 Juni 2017.

"The Migration Strategy And The Seven - Year Strategic Document Related T O Asylum And Migration Fund Established By The European Union For The

Years 2014 - 20". Belugyialapok.Hu, 2013,

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Unseen Yet Unaccepted: Budapest's Muslim Community. 2016,

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Varga, David. "Migration Profile Light Hungary - Prague Process".

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"Views of Muslims More Negative In Eastern And Southern Europe". Pew

Research Center's Global Attitudes Project, 2016, http://www.pewglobal.org/2016/07/11/europeans-fear-wave-of-refugees- will-mean-more-terrorism-fewer-jobs/ga_2016-07-11_national_identity-00-01/. Diakses pada 7 Maret 2018.

"Visegrad Leaders Oppose Migration Quotas". country.eiu.com, 2015, http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=1823495766&Country=Poland &topic=Politics_1. Diakses pada 3 Juni 2018.

Wike, Richard et al. "Negative Views of Minorities, Refugees Common in EU".

Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project, 2016,

Website Pemerintah:

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"Europe’s Problems Must be Solved From the Inside". Government, 2017,

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Government, 2015, http://www.kormany.hu/en/prime-minister-s- office/news/government-declares-state-of-crisis-due-to-mass-migration-in-two-counties. Diakses pada 6 Maret 2018.

"Hungarians Have Decided: They Do Not Want Illegal Migrants". Government, 2015, http://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/hungarians-have-decided-they-do-not-want-illegal-migrants. Diaksespada 8 Maret 2018. "Hungary Always Stands Up Against Decisions Contrary to the Country’s

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"Labour Shortages Must be Addressed with Demographic Solutions".

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"The Refugees Are Not Seeking Political Asylum". Government, 2015, http://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/the-refugees-are-not-seeking-political-asylum. Diakses pada 8 Maret 2018.

"The V4 Affirm Their Faith In A Joint European Position". Government, 2016, http://www.kormany.hu/en/government-spokesperson/news/the-v4-affirm-their-faith-in-a-joint-european-position. Diaksespada 8 Maret 2018.

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"Viktor Orbán: “We Do Not Want A Multicultural Society”". Government, 2015, http://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/viktor-orban-we-do-not-want-a-multicultural-society. Diaksespada 6 Maret 2018.

"We Are Not Willing to Give Up Any Further Elements of Our Sovereignty".

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"We are Not Willing to Give Up Any Further Elements of Our Sovereignty".

Government, 2017, http://www.kormany.hu/en/government- spokesperson/news/we-are-not-willing-to-give-up-any-further-elements-of-our-sovereignty. Diakses pada 7 Maret 2018.

"We Are Protecting Europe’s Values". Government, 2015, http://www.kormany.hu/en/the-prime-minister/news/we-are-protecting-europe-s-values. Diakses pada 8 Maret 2018.

"We Must Defend Christian Culture". Government, 2017,

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Press Release:

European Commission. Remarks by Commissioner Avramopoulos During His

Visit To Hungary. 2015,

http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-15-5663_en.htm. Diakses pada 6 Maret 2018.

Surat Kabar Online:

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Case, Holly, and John Palattella. "Is Humour The Best Weapon Against Europe’S New Wave Of Far-Right Nationalism? | Holly Case And John Palattella".

The Guardian, 2016,

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/06/hungary-two-tailed-dog-viktor-orban. Diakses pada 21 Maret 2018.

Charlton, Corey. "Hungary Becomes the First Country to Shut Its Doors to Migrants: Syrian Family Will Be One Of The Last To Enter Illegally As The Country Begins Erecting 100-Mile-Long Fence Along Its Borders".

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Dearden, Lizzie. "6 Charts That Show Where Refugees Are from, Where They Are Going and How They Are Getting There". The Independent, 2018, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/refugee-crisis-six-charts- that-show-where-refugees-are-coming-from-where-they-are-going-and-how-they-10482415.html. Diakses pada 4 Juni 2017.

---. “Hungarian parliament votes to allow detention of all asylum seekers. The

Independent”. The Independent, 2017,

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Field, Richard. "Population of Hungary to Decrease 19.4% By 2060".

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hungary-to-decrease-19-4-by-2060/23891. Diakses pada 24 Mei 2017. Fisher, Max, and Amanda Taub. "The Refugee Crisis". Vox, 2015,

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"Hungarian Cabinet Launches National Consultation On Immigration As Debate Heats Up In Europe - Hungary Today". Hungary Today, 2015,

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"Hungarian Leaders Offer Condolences to UK Following Manchester Terrorist

Attack - Hungary Today". Hungary Today, 2017,

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"Hungarian Prime Minister Says Migrants Are 'Poison' And 'Not Needed'". The

Guardian, 2016,

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/hungarian-prime-minister-viktor-orban-praises-donald-trump. Diakses pada 8 Maret 2018.

"Hungarian PM Says Refugees Should Be Called ‘Muslim Invaders’ – Religious

Freedom News". Religiousfreedomnews.Com,

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Survey Reveals - Hungary Today". Hungary Today, 2016, http://hungarytoday.hu/news/hungarians-show-solidarity-refugees-reject-economic-migrants-survey-reveals-35310. Diakses pada 8 Maret 2018. "Hungary's Lackluster Solution to its Own Migration Crisis". The Budapest

Beacon, 2016,

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"Labour Shortages Cause Headache for Hungarian Employers, Survey Reveals -

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Mackey, Robert. "Hungarian Leader Rebuked for Saying Muslim Migrants Must