CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
English is an international language which used by people in this world to interact in the worldwide. Studying English is very important. In this modern era people should know about the use of English in communication. In Indonesia, English becomes the foreign language. There are four skills in studying English; those are speaking, listening, writing, and reading. Ur (1996) stated that being able in mastering English, speaking is the most important skills.
According to UURI (2003) about Indonesian Education System, the national education level is divided into three stages, the stages are: basic education, secondary education, and higher education. Basic education is the foundation for secondary education consisting of Elementary School and Junior High School. Secondary education is the continuation of basic education consisting of Senior High School. Higher education is a level of education after secondary education consisting of Diploma, Bachelor, Masters, and Postgraduate programs.
MAN 1 Surakarta is one of Senior High School in Surakarta. There are three programs belongs to that school, those programs are science, social, and religious. Different from other schools, MAN 1 Surakarta provides Boarding School particularly for science and religious program. The headmaster of MAN 1 Surakarta said that the reason why students in science and religious programs must stay in Boarding School is that because MAN 1 Surakarta wants to create better students who have a good moral and attitude in their behaviors. There are many activities got by Boarding School students. All the activities are intended to improve a good attitude and also improve the students’ ability. One of the activities is speech event. Speech event is a weekly event, the event was conducted at Boarding School of MAN 1 Surakarta. Specifically it concerns in using speech three languages those are Javanese, Arabic, and English. In a week students in Boarding School always do this program which is guided by the
supervisor in Boarding School. This program is done by dividing students into several groups in the different class. Every class consists of twenty students. The goals of speech event are to increase the students’ ability and to develop students’ confidence.
Clark and Clark (1977:224), in producing speech, people need to do planning and execution. The first stage before speech is planning. Planning is thinking to say anything to the listeners. After planning, the people tend to do execution. Execution is the process of uttering the segments, words, phrases, or sentences. When people do the execution process, it cannot always be uttered perfectly, because people tend to do errors. The errors happened because of some difficulties and problems the speakers’ got. There are some errors which are done by students at Boarding School MAN 1 Surakarta in delivering speech. It makes students influent in delivering speech. There are two reasons caused students do errors. The first reason is cognitive reasons, it includes the students’ lack of vocabularies and grammatical knowledge. The second reason is psychological reasons, it includes the students’ feeling when they deliver their speech in front of the audience. Researcher provides some examples of errors which are done by students in delivering speech.
The examples are:
1. Em, [0.2] here I want to speak about how to prepare examination. 2. You must / you must clean what you want to clean.
3. First you must h-h- happy.
The first example is filled pause. The speaker is silent at the moment. The pause is filled by a gap “em”.
The second example is repeats. The speaker repeats twice the words “you must / you must”.
The third example is stutters. The speaker wants to say the word “happy”. But the problem is she repeats the syllable “h”.
B. Scope of the Study
Researcher limits this research on speech error made by students at Boarding School MAN 1 Surakarta in delivering speech. The location of this research is in Boarding School MAN 1 Surakarta. The researcher finds out the data through the video during the speech event. Researcher focuses on the types of speech errors, the frequency of error, the dominant type of error, and the sources of error. The theories of Clark and Clark (1997), Dulay et al (1982) are used to analyse the types of errors.
C. Problem Statements
1. What are the types of errors made by students in doing speech? 2. What is the frequency of errors made by students in doing speech? 3. What is the dominant type of error made by students in doing speech? 4. What are the sources of errors made by students in doing speech?
D. Objectives of Study
Based on the formulation of the problems above, objectives of this research are:
1. to investigate the types of errors made by students in doing speech at MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
2. to describe the frequency of errors made by students in doing speech at MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
3. to investigate the dominant type of error in doing speech made by dormitory students at MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
E. Significance of the Study
The result of the study is expected to be used theoretically and practically.
1. Theoretical benefit a. Students
This research will be the reference for the students in knowing errors in spoken production, so it may increase the information for the students about that case.
b. Teachers
This research may help teachers to identify the type of errors, the dominant errors, the frequency of errors, and the sources of errors made by students. Therefore, teachers will have more idea to know about how to decrease errors made by students.
2. Practical Benefit a. Other researchers
The result of this study is giving information or references for the next researcher who wants to study or do the research especially about errors in speech production.
F. Research Paper Organization
In order to make easier to be understood, the researcher organizes the research paper organization into five chapters.
Chapter I is introduction; the content of this chapter includes the background of study, the scope of the study, the problem statement, the objective of the study, the significance of the study, and the research paper organization.
Chapter II is dealing with review of related literature. It discusses underlying theory which covers previous study before and theoretical review that consists of methods used.
sources, the method of collecting data, the techniques of analyzing data, and the data validity.
Chapter IV is finding and discussion about the types of errors, the frequency of errors, the dominant types of errors, and the sources of errors.
