THE ACQUISITION OF WH QUESTION BY EFL STUDENTS’ LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE The Acquisition of WH Question by EFL Students' Learning English as a Foreign Language.

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THE ACQUISITION OF WH QUESTION BY EFL STUDENTS’

LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

THESIS

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For Getting Master Degree of Education

in Magister of Language Study

Written by

ELLEN ANDRIYANI

S200140089

POST GRADUATE PROGRAM

MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

vi MOTTO

Learn from the mistakes of others.

You cannot live long enough to do all the error itself.

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DEDICATION

With thankfulness for all kinds of support given by all of them, this study is dedicated to:

1. My beloved parents, Mr. Iptu. R. Sularto and Mrs. Elly R.

2. My beloved youngest brother, Wendy Andriyanto, and my beloved twin, Errin Andriyanti, S. Pd.

3. My beloved grandmother, grandfather, uncle, aunt, cousins, and all

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LEARNING ENGLSIH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE”. The second the

writer also would like to say thank you so much to all people and institution for helping and guiding the writer in accomplishing this study. In this chance, the writer would like to express deepest gratitude and appreciation to: guided the writer to accomplish this thesis.

4. Muamaroh, Ph.D., as the second advisor who has guided the writer to accomplish this thesis.

5. Tri Pujiastuti, S. Pd. M.M as the headmaster of SMPN 1 Sidoharjo and Drs. Rochmat, MSI as the headmaster of SMAN 1 Sidoharjo. 6. Sri Haryanti, S.Pd. M. Pd. as the teacher who has guided me in

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7. All of my friends in Magister of Language Study (MPB) in B class. 8. All of students in the seventh grade and ninth grade of SMPN 1

Sidoharjo, and the eleventh grade of SMAN 1 Sidoharjo.

The writer realizes that the content of this paper still need to be repaired because still there is a mistake. Therefore the writer hopes suggestion and criticism to make this paper to be better.

Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarokatuh

Surakarta, November 2016

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... viii

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 10

A Previous Study ... 10

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B Underlying Theory ... 27

1 Interlanguage ... 27

a The Notion of Interlanguage ... 27

b The Notion of Dynamicity of Interlanguage ... 30

c Stages of Interlanguage Development ... 31

2 Second Language Acquisition ... 33

a The Notion of Second Language Acquisition... 33

b The Process of Second Language Acquisition ... 37

c The Developmental Stages of Second Language Acquisition ... 38

3 Question ... 39

a The Notion of English Question ... 39

b Developmental Stages of Question ... 40

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 44

A Type of the Study ... 44

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CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION ... 56

A Findings of the Study ... 56

1 The Patterns of Question Written by the Seventh Grade Students ... 57

2 The Patterns of Question Written by the Ninth Grade Students ... 70

3 The Patterns of Question Written by the Eleventh Grade Students ... 83

4 The Development of Patterns of Question Written by the Seventh Grade Students of Junior High School, the Ninth

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Grade of Senior High School ... 96

B The Discussion of the Findings of this Study ... 101

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND PEDAGOGIACAL IMPLICATION ... 108

A CONCLUSION ... 108

B SUGGESTION ... 111

1 To the Teacher ... 111

2 To the Students ... 112

3 To the Next Researchers ... 112

C PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION ... 113

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 116

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LIST OF FIGURE

xvi LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1 the Differences between the Previous Studies and the

Current Study ... 24

Table 2.2 the Kinds of English Questions ... 39

Table 2.3 the Developmental Sequence for Interrogatives in ESL

according to Larsen and Long (1991: 93) ... 41

Table 2.4 the Six Developmental Stages in English Question

according to Pienemann et al (1988) ... 42

Table 4.1 the Patterns of Question Written by the Seventh Grade

Students by Using ”What” ... 57

Table 4.2 the Patterns of Question Written by the Seventh Grade

Students by Using ”Where” ... 59

Table 4.3 the Patterns of Question Written by the Seventh Grade

Students by Using ”When” ... 61

Table 4.4 the Patterns of Question Written by the Seventh Grade

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Table 4.5 the Patterns of Question Written by the Seventh Grade

Students by Using ”Who” ... 65

Table 4.6 the Patterns of Question Written by the Seventh Grade

Students by Using ”How” ... 66

Table 4.7 the Dominance Patterns of Question Written by the

Seventh Grade Students ... 67

Table 4.8 the Patterns of Question Written by the Seventh Grade

Students ... 68

Table 4.9 the Patterns of Question Written by the Ninth Grade

Students by Using ”What” ... 71

Table 4.10 the Patterns of Question Written by the Ninth Grade

Students by Using ”Where” ... 72

Table 4.11 the Patterns of Question Written by the Ninth Grade

Students by Using ”When” ... 74

Table 4.12 the Patterns of Question Written by the Ninth Grade

Students by Using ”Why” ... 75

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Students by Using ”Who” ... 78

Table 4.14 the Patterns of Question Written by the Ninth Grade

Students by Using ”How” ... 80

Table 4.15 the Dominace Patterns of Question Written by the Ninth

Grade Students ... 80

Table 4.16 the Patterns of Question Written by the Ninth Grade

Students ... 81

Table 4.17 the Patterns of Question Written by the Eleventh

Grade Students by Using ”What” ... 84

Table 4.18 the Patterns of Question Written by the Eleventh

Grade Students by Using ”Where” ... 86

Table 4.19 the Patterns of Question Written by the Eleventh

Grade Students by Using ”When” ... 88

Table 4.20 the Patterns of Question Written by the Eleventh

Grade Students by Using ”Why” ... 90

Table 4.21 the Patterns of Question Written by the Eleventh

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Table 4.22 the Patterns of Question Written by the Eleventh

Grade Students by Using ”How” ... 92 ...

Table 4.23 the Dominance Patterns of Question Written by the

Eleventh Grade Students ... 93

Table 4.24 the Patterns of Question Written by the Eleventh

Grade Students ... 94

Table 4.25 the Comparison of the Development of Pattern of

Question Written by the Seventh Grade, the Ninth Grade,

and the Eleventh Grade Students ... 95

Table 4.26 Three Stages of Development Pattern of Question Written

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LIST OF APPENDIX

APPENDIX 1 Pronouncement from Senior High School Number One of Sidoharjo

APPENDIX 2 Pronouncement from Senior High School Number One of Sidoharjo

APPENDIX 3 Question Test

APPENDIX 4 Question Test and Answer

APPENDIX 5 the Seven Grader Data of Wh-Question

APPENDIX 6 the Nine Grader Data of Wh-Question

APPENDIX 7 the Eleven Grader Data of Wh-Question

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THE ACQUISITION OF WH QUESTION BY EFL STUDENTS’ LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

ASTRACT

Andriyani, Ellen. “The Acquisition of Wh Question by EFL students’ learning English as a Foreign Language”. Thesis. English Department, Post Graduate Program. Muhammadiyah University, Surakarta. 2016.

This study aims to describe the acquisition of wh question by EFL

students’ learning English as a Foreign Language. Especially to describe the

patterns of question written by the students of the seventh and the ninth grade students of junior high school and the eleventh grade students of senior high school. Then the development patterns of question between three of them. The method of this study was qualitative and cross-sectional study.

The writer analyzed the patterns of question written by the seventh grade, the ninth grade, and the eleventh grade students. Then the writer combined the theory by Dulay et al (1982: 128) and Freeman-Larsen (1991: 93). The writer found that there are three stages of the development pattern of question: Stage two: Uninverted WH (+/- aux.). “wh question + S +

verb”. Step three: The early auxiliaries. “wh question + unanalyzed to be + S + verb”. Stage four: The learner reaches the full target system. “wh question + analyzed to be + S + verb”.

xxii ASTRACT

Andriyani, Ellen. “The Acquisition of Wh Question by EFL students’ learning English as a Foreign Language”. Thesis. English Department, Post Graduate Program. Muhammadiyah University, Surakarta. 2016.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemerolehan kata Tanya wh oleh siswa EFL yang mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa Asing. Terutama untuk mendeskripsikan pola pertanyaan yang ditulis oleh siswa sekolah menengah pertama kelas tujuh, pola pertanyaan yang ditulis oleh siswa sekolah menengah pertama kelas sembilan, pola pertanyaan yang ditulis oleh siswa sekolah menengah atas kelas sebelas. Kemudian perkembangan pola pertanyaan yang ditulis oleh siswa sekolah menengah pertama kelas tujuh, siswa sekolah menengah pertama kelas Sembilan, siswa sekolah menengah atas kelas sebelas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan cross-sectional.

Penulis menganalisa pola kalimat pertanyaan yang ditulis oleh siswa kelas tujuh, Sembilan, dan sebelas. Kemuadian penulis menggabungkan teori dari Dulay et al (1982: 182) dan Freeman-Larsen (1991: 93). Penulis menemukan ada tiga tahap perkembangan pola pertanyaan yang ditulis oleh siswa sekolah menengah pertama kelas tujuh, siswa sekolah menengah pertama kelas Sembilan, siswa sekolah menengah atas kelas sebelas. Perkembangannya yaitu: Stage two: Uninverted WH (+/- aux.). “wh

question + S + verb”. Step three: The early auxiliaries. “wh question + unanalyzed to be + S + verb”. Stage four: The learner reaches the full target system. “wh question + analyzed to be + S + verb”.