TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN THE TALE TELLER BOOK THE GROUCHY GIANT
A THESIS
BY:
YOLANDA NOVITA SILABAN REG.NO. 090705060
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would also like to thanks to the Dean of Faculty of Letters University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A, The head of English Literature Department of Faculty of Letters, Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, and The Secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti M.A, Ph.D and the Staff Administration of English Department Bang Mistam for their help.
I would like to thanks My supervisor, Dr.Roswita Dilalahi, Dip. TESOL, M. Hum and My Co. Supervisor for their guidance and assistance in my riting this thesis.
I wouldn’t have been able to finish writing my thesis if it weren’t for the help and support of my family and friends. Eta karina, Muhammad Savrizal, Yaumil Rizki Ananda, and Yuda Rizki Gunawan for helping me gather information. To my family, thank you for having faith in me. And, to all whose names I cannot list here, thank you for your help and support. I hopes this thesis will be useful for everyone who would like to read or analysis the subject matter that related to this thesis analysis.
Medan, February 2014 The writer
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, Yolanda Novita Silaban declare tat I am the sole author of this thesis. Expect where reference is made in the text of this thesis, this thesis contains no material published eles where or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No another person’s work has been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertitary education.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : YOLANDA NOVITA SILABAN
Title Thesis : Translation Procedures in the Tale Teller Book The Grouchy Giant Qualification : S1 /Sarjana Sastra
Department : English
I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the disrection of the librarian of English Literature Department Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara on the understanding that the users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed :
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……… i
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ………... ii
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ………... iii
ABSTRACT ………. iv
ABSTRAK ………... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……… vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………. ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ……… 1
1.1Background of the Analysis ……….. 1
1.2Problems of the Analysis ………. 4
1.3Objectives of the Analysis ……… 5
. 1.4Scope of the Analysis ……….. 5
1.5Significances of the Analysis ……….. 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ………. 6
2.1 Translation Theory ……….. 6
2.1.1 The Definition of Translation ……… 7
2.1.2 Translation as a Process ………. 9
2.1.3 Translation as a Product ……….… 10
2.2 Translation Procedures ……… 10
2.2.1. Literal Translation ……….. 11
2.2.1.2 Calque ……… 12
2.2.1.3 Literal Translation ……….. 13
2.2.2 Oblique Translation ……… 14
2.2.2.1 Transposition ……….…… 14
2.2.2.2 Modulation ………. 15
2.2.2.3 Equivalence ………. 15
2.2.2.4 Adaptation ………. 16
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS ……….. 18
3.1 Research Design ………... 18
3.2 Data and the Data Source ………. 18
3.3 Data Collecting Method ……….. 19
3.4 Data Analyzing Method ……….. 19
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ……… 20
4.1 Data Analysis ………. 20
4.1.2 Literal Translation ……… 20
4.1.2 Transposition ……… 21
4.1.3 Modulation ……… 23
4.1.4 Equivalent ………. 24
4.1.5 Adaptation ………. 24
4.2 Classification of Translation Procedures found in the Tale Teller Book……… 25
4.2.1 Literal Translation ……… 25
4.2.2 Oblique Translation ………. 30
4.2.2.1 Transpostion ……… 30
4.2.2.2 Modulation ……….. 32
4.2.2.3 Equivalence ……… 38
4.2.2.4 Adaptation ………..… 39
4.3 Findings ……… 40
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ………. 41
5.1 Conclusions ………. 41
5.2 Suggestions ……….. 41
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
CHAPTER I
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Many people think that translation is not easy to do, because in translation there are many processes and methods. Today translation has become very significant in our daily life, not only in paperwork,documents, but also in household products,and the instruction manual for a vacuum cleaner. Translation is very important in order to understand message or knowledge found in the source language. Translation has many methods. So, in translating the translator may uses prodecures that differ in importance according to contextual factors of both of the source language (SL) and target language (TL).
Newmark (as quoted by Machali 1998:1) defines translation as a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and statement in one language by that same message and statement in another language. Nida (1969:12) states that translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language that natural equivalent of the source language message, first in term of meaning and second in term of style.
Translation has many procedures or methods. So, in translating the translator may uses procedures that differ in importance according to contextual factors of both of the source language and target language. Newmark (1988:81) mentions the difference between translation method and translation procedures. He writes that, while translation methods relate to whole texts,translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller unit of language.
In contrast to translation strategies (the translators’ global approach or plan of action on a given text, according to their intention), translation procedures are used for sentences and smaller units of language within that text. Translation procedures are methods applied by translators when they formulate an equivalence for the purpose of transferring elements of meaning from the Source Text (ST) to the Target Text (TT)
Literal or direct translation procedures are used when structural and conceptual elements of the source language can be transposed into the target language. Sentences have literal meanings. The literal meaning of a sentence is entirely determined by the meanings of its component words (or mor- phemes) and the syntactical rules according to which these elements are combined. A sentence may have more than one literal meaning (ambiguity) or its literal meaning may be defective or uninterpretable (nonsense).
Direct or literal translation “is the direct transfer of a SL text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which the translator’s task is limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL” (Venuti 86). This naturally means that the translator has to operate within certain limits and is not free to appropriate the language to suit his/her ends. When does a direct translation fail? According to Vinay and Darbelnet it fails hen the TL translation fails to convey anything meaningful for various reasons. It might not have the exact structural equivalent or migt not have a corresponding expression. Idioms are the best examples of this. “It is raining cats and dogs” in English cannot be translated literally into Hindi or most Indian languages, for that matter.
In cases like these the translator will have to resort to oblique translation. Here the translator has to fall back on “identity of situations” or aim for an approximately accurate replication of the impact of the SL text. Vinay and Darbelnet are of the vie that the translator has to keep in mind the totality of the message that is to be communicated and exercise her/his judgement in the method of translation. A translator might sometimes choose to borrow a certain expression or saying from one language. This results in hat is termed in lingustics as calque, or a literal, word-for-word translation. However, Vinay and Darbelnet caution: “But the responbility of introducing such calques into a perfectly organized language should not fall upon the shoulders of translators: only writers can take such liberties, and they alone should take credit or blame for success or failure”. (“ A Methodology for Translation”,90). Ultimately, they point out, it is the message alone that can help us to judge if the translation has attained equivalence.
share parallel structures and concepts; not to a translation made word for word : Literal translation carries the imprint of the original. This technique is used when it is possible to transpose the source language (SL) message element into the target language (TL) and obtain a text that is idiomatic. For example, all the geese which is translated into semua angsa, it is example of literal translation procedure because the direct transfer of source language text into a grammatically and idiomatically target text.
Oblique translation procedures are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language. This strategy can also be found within a language, ‘I give him a kiss’ is semantically no difference from ‘I kiss him’though the word ‘kiss’ is changed from a noun into a verb. According to Vinay and Darbelnet, the first expression canbe called the base expression, while the converted form of ‘kiss’ as a verb is called the transposed expression. As a result of the divergence of language systems between SL and TT, this strategy to altering words without semantic change is undertaken probably most common and even sometime necessarily by translators. From a stylistic point of view these words are of different value in TL, and translators will face the possibility of changing the genre of the translation text. For the example, crocodiles and cranes which are translated into buaya dan burung bangau, it is the example of transposition, because replacing one word class with another changing the meaning of the message.
Learning in a different language, we saw the importance of translation. On a serious note, translation is one of the most critical jobs in modern society. As the whole globe is coming together based on information sharing and communicative advances, it is only natural that there has been a constant demand and an unprecedented need for translation of ideas from one language to another. Translation plays a vital role in the performance of international companies and governments alike. Translation is no longer just the process the translating words, but has evolved into the transformation of meaning and intentions. In other words, the translation help us very musch for studying as read a book, newspaper by a different language.
such as in Bahasa Indonesia and English. It happens in order to make people understand or follow the story especially for those who cannot inderstand English. Besides that the translator wants the message in the Source Language (English) can be transferred clearly in Target Language (Bahasa Indonesia). So, there is no miss communication in transferring the message.Through a mixture of storytelling and theatre, The Tale Teller creates entertaining and interactive story shows in English for all ages. The language used in this book is not very difficult to understand.
The Tale Teller is a narrative that relates the details of some real or imaginary event, incident, or case; story. The language used in this book is not very difficult to understand. However, tha translator should match the meaning of words from Source Language to the Target Language, because there are many differences in meaning of a word of culture between the Source Language and the Target Language.
Like most of art’s types, the distinctive feature of a story is different, depending on the author. The writer choose The Grouchy Giant because the story implies a moral or profound meaning. This book inclines not too complex if it is compared with a novel. Usually tale teller has the total of a limited character, and includes the short of period of time. Tale teller shows us something that is universal by remaining the variety. The Grouchy Giant also shows clumsiness in the structure and plianey in the expression and puts forward one of the cultural aspects.
After reading Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation theory and tale teller book that are written in bilingual, the sources of data in writing this thesis, the witer is interested in analyzing and finding the translation procedures found in tale teller book to see whether the translation of tale teller book applied Vinay and Darbelnet’s theory of translation procedures mentioned above or not.
1.2
PROBLEMS OF THE STUDY
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the analysis as the answers of the problems above can be described as follows:
a. to find out the classification of translation procedures found in the target text. b. to find out the dominant of translation procedures found in the target text.
1.4
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
In translation there are many aspects that can be discussed, such as translation equivalent, translation shift, and translation procedures. But in this thesis, the writer focuses on analyzing characteristics of Literal and Oblique translation found in tale teller’s book ( The Grouchy Giant) by using some text book to get the most dominant translation procedure.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Translation Theory
Translation theory is not a solution for all problems that appear in the process of translation. It is general orientation for the translators in taking a decision while they are doing translation. Actually, the understanding about general concept of translation theory is very important and useful for the translators. So, it is impossible for the translators to get a good translation without understanding the meaning or definition of translation, because translation is a general concept of translation theory.
Nababan (1999:13) states, “Teori menerjemahkan memusatkan perhatiannya pada katarestik dan masalah-masalah penerjemahan sebagai suatu penomena. “Translation’s theory is concentrating the attention to the charateristics and the problems of translation as a pehenomenon.”. Lauven-Zart (as quoted by Nababan 1999:15) says, “Menghasilkan penerjemah dan terjemahan yang lebih baik mungkin saja merupakan produk teori dan metode penerjemahan.” “To produce the translators and translations are not the first purpose of translation theory. The better translators and translations may be as a product of theory and translation’s method”.
In a narrow sense, translation theory is concerned with the translation method appropriately used for a certain type of the text. However, in a wider sense, translation theory is the body of knowledge that we have about translating, extending from general principles to guidelines, suggestions and hints.
matter of taking decisions. Because translation has to do ith grammatical rules, it is a science.
The emphasis of the structural approach to translation changes towards the end of the 1950s with the work of Vinay and Darbelnet. Vinay and Darbelnet in Venuti (2000:84) identify two procedures of translating, the first procedure id direct or literal translation and the second procedure is oblique translation. Literal translation occurs when there is an exact structural, lexical, and even morphological equivalence between to languages. According to Vinay and Darbelnet, this is only possible when the two languages are very close two each other. The literal translation (direct) procedures are borrowing, calque, and literal translation. While oblique translation occurs when word for word translation is impossible. The oblique procedures are transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaption.
Kelly (as quoted by Venuti 2000:4) argues, “a complete theory of translation has three components: specicfication of function and goal; description and analysis of operations.” On the other hand Venuti (2000:5) says, “translation theory alays rests on particular assumption about language use, even if they are no ore than fragmentary hypothesis that remain implicit or unacknowledged.”
2.1.1 The Definition of Translation
sasaran dengan pertama-tama mengungkapkan maknanya dan kemudian gaya bahasanya.” (Translation as transferring a message from Source Language to the target Language by firstly expresses the meaning and then the style of language).
On the other hand, Nida (1969:12) states, “translation consists in reproducing un the receptor language that natural equivalent of the source language message, first in term of meaning and second in term of style”. Translation can be simply defined as transferring the message from the source language (SL) into the Receptor Language (RL), both in terms of meaning and style. So the ideal translation should make sense and be easily understood by thee target readers. However, the message in the TL should be equivalent with that in the SL.
Newmark (as quoted by Machali 1998:1) adds that translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and statement in one language by that same message and statement in another language. While Pinchuk (1977:38) says, “translation is a process of finding a TL equivalent for an SL utterance. Carford (as quoted by Nababan 1999:19) also defines translation is a process of changing a Source Language Text to the Target Langauge Text.
All the definitions above are a little closely, related all definition imply that translation involves to languages; they are Source Language (SL) and Target Language (TL). So, translation is a process of transferring the message, meaning, statement, utterance of the SL to the TL, and his product of translation is the author’s meant. So, by translation a translator re-tell about the text into another language.
Catford, Nida, Newmark, Mcguire and Pinhuct in Machali (1998) propose different definition of translation but their definitions share three commons motions namely:
1. the term equivalent “which is used by Catford (1969:12) and Pinchuck (1980:2) for them, the use of the term is “similar:
2. the terms “textual material” or text”, which are used by Catford and McGuire, while Newmark uses the term “written message” and Nida “SL message”
2.1.2 Translation as a Process
Translation is not only about changing a SL to TL. It is not writing his ons thinking, how best it is, and it is not to re-write only. Besides understanding what the translation is and what should be procedure in translation, a translator should know that translation is complex; there are processes which contains of a bunch activities elements. Nababan (1999:24) defines proses adalah serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan sengaja. (Process is a bunch of activities that doing in a …). Machali (2000:9) states “apabila kita melihat penerjemahan sebagai proses, berarti kita meniti jalan yang di lalui penerjemah untuk sampai pada hasil akhir.” Translation is the process to translate the activity rather than the tangible object whereas a translation is the product of the process of translating for example the translated text. Levy (in Venuti 2000:148) says, “translation is a process of communication: the objective of tarsnlating is to improve the knowledge of the original to the foreign reader.” While Hatim and Munday (2004:3) says, “the first of these two senses relates to translation as a process, the second to the product”. So a process of translation means as some activities that doing by a translator while he transferring the message from SL to TL.
Nababan (1999:24) states, “proses penerjemahan dapat diartikan sebagai serangakaian kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh seorang penerjemah pada saat dia mengalihkan amanat dari bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran.” He adds that these are three process of translation; they are Analysis of Source Language, Transferring message, and Restructuring (1999:25).
Nida and Taber (as quoted by Widyamartaya 1989:14) also state that the process of translation can be divided into three; they are Analysis. Transfer, and Restructuring. Analysis used for knowing the message that will be translated and contain of grammatical analysis and semantic analysis. Transfer discussed “how the product of the analysis transfer from SL to TL by a little fault of meaning and connotation, but by a same reaction like in the original. Restcruturing discussed about “kinds of languages or stylistic, technique that can be use for making style that want.
2.1.3 Translation as a Product
After doing translation’s activity, that is process of translation, next we will see the result of translation. As the readers of translation text, it means that e read the “result” that served by translator. In the other word we read the “product” of translation. As the reader we just read the product without knowing the process that the translator has applied.
It is very important to understand the differences between product and process in translation. Nababan (1999:9) states :Product is the result of tanslator’s work”. If we see the translation (see the methods or procedures) that applied by the translator to get a good product of translation. In addition Machali (2000:9) expressed this view as follows:
“Perbedaan antara produk dan proses ini penting sekali dalam kegiatan penerjemahan. Apabila kita melihat penerjemahan sebagai proses berarti kita meneliti jalan yang dilalui penerjemah untuk sampai pada hasil akhir. Kita melihat tahap-tahap apa saja yang dilalui seorang penerjemah, prosedur apa yang dilewatinya metode apa yang di gunakan untuk menerjemahkan suatu konsep dan bukannya memilih istilah lain yang sama maknanya, dan sebagainya.”
(The differences between product and process are very important in translation. If we see the translation as a process, it means that we observe the way of translator to get a result. We see the steps that through by translator. What procedure that he used, what method that he used to translate and why did he choose that method, why he chose a certain term to translate a concept. And why he did not choose another term which has a same meaning and etc).
The writer in this thesis actually wants to see the product of translation. The writer wants to analyze the product and find out the procedures of translation used by translator. The procedures are Literal and Oblique.
2.1.4 Translation Procedures
important things. First, method is the way to do something that is “the ay to doing translation”. Second, method relates to “ the certain planning that is a plan in doing translation.”
Newmark (1988:81) in A Text Book of Translation mention that there are fourteen procedures in translation. But Vinay and Darbelnet divided translation procedures into two namely Direct or Literal Translation which cover three procedures (borrowing, calque, and Literal Translation) and Oblique translation which cover four procedures (transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaption).
2.2.1 Literal Translation (Direct Translation)
Literal or direct translation procedures are used when structural and conceptual elements of the source language can be transposed into the target language. Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti 2000:84) says:
“In some translation task it may be possible to transpose the source language message element by element into the target language, because it is based on either (i) parallel categories, in which case we can speak of structural paralleslism, or (ii) on parallel concepts, which are the result of metalinguistic paralleslism”.
According to Vinay and Darbelnet, there are three procedures of Direct or Literal Translation : they are Borrowing, Calque, and Literal Translation.
2.2.1.1 Borrowing
Borrowing is usually used in terms of new technical or unknown concepts, to overcome a gap, usually a metalingunistic one. Borrowing is the simplest of all translation method. We can say that this task refers to a case where a word or an expression is taken from the SL and used in the TL, but in a ‘naturalized’ form, that is, it is made to conform to the rules of grammar or pronounciation of the TL.
According to Haugen in Sari (2009:18) there are some possibilities that may occur in this procedures; first, borrowing with no change in form and meaning (pure loanwords), the second, borrowing with changes in form but without changes the meaning (mix loanwords) and the third, borrowing when part of the term is native and other part is borrowed, but the meaning is fully borrowed (loan blends).
Examples :
a. Borrowing with no change in form and meaning (pure loanwords): Hardisk hardisk
Dollar dollar
b. Borrowing with change in form but without change the meaning (mix loanwords):
Contract kontrak Computer komputer
c. Loan blend
Computer network jaringan computer Broadcast network jaringan broadcast
But according to Vinay and Darbelnet, there is only one kind of Borrowing, Example : harddisk harddisk
2.2.1.2 Calque
Examples :
Service user service user Transceiver cable kabel transceiver
2.2.1.3 Literal Translation
Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct transfer of a SL text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which the translators’ task is limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL. In principle, a literal translation is unique solution in which is reversible and complete in itself. The translation has not needed to make any changes other than the obvious one, like those concerning grammatical concord or inflectional endings, for example English “where are you?” translated into French “Ou etes vous?”. This procedure is most commonly found in translations between closely related language, for example French-italian, and especially those having a similar culture. Vachon-Spilka finds that,
“Literal translation is the earliest and simplest form of translation, it occurs whenever word by word replacement is possible without breaking rules in the target language, this, however, is quite rare unless the two languages are very closely related” (1968:18)
There are other examples of literal translation. Examples :
Leafy trees pepohonan lebat Long grass rerumputan tinggi All the geese semua angsa
If, after trying the first three procedures translators regard literal translation unacceptable, they must turn to the methods of Oblique translation. By unacceptable mean that the message, when translated literally
i gives another meaning,or ii has no meaning,or
iii is structurally impossible,or
v has a corresponding expression, but not within the same register.
2.2.2 Oblique Translation (Indirect Translation)
Oblique translation procedures are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language. Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti 2000:84) says,
“…because of structural or metalinguistic differences, certain stylistic effects cannot be transposed into the TL without upsetting the syntatic order, or even the lexis. In this case it is understood that more complex methods haveto be used which at first may look unusual but which nevertheless can permit translator a strict control over the reabilty of their work…”
According to Vinay and Darbelnet there are four procedures of oblique, they are Transposition, Modulation, Equivalence, and Adaption.
2.2.2.1 Transposition
Transposition is the procedure which involves replacing one word class with another without changing the meaning of the message. It can also be used within a language, as when rewarding the phrase, for example ‘He announced that he would return to ‘He announced his return’ (the subordinate verb becomes a noun).
It is also change in the grammar from source language to target language (singular to plural: position of the adjective, changing the word class or part of speech). In translation, there are two types of transposition, namely obligatory transposition and optional transposition. Obligatory transposition occurs when the target language has no other choices because of the language system
Examples :
A pair of glasses sepasang kacamata Long grass rerumputan yang tinggi
An optional transposition is a transposition that, for the sake of style, can be chosen by the translator if it fits better into the utterance.
Small pebble kerikil
Medical student mahasisa kedokteran
2.4.2.2 Modulation
Modulation is the varying of the language, obtained by a change in the point of view. This change can be justified, although literal even transposed. There are two types of modulation, namely free or optional is generally adopted because of nonlinguistic reason. It is mostly used to stress the meaning, to affect coherence or to find out natural from in the TL.
Examples :
By the will of the God di luar kemampuan manusia The stars went out pagi menjelang
Fixed or obligatory occurs when a word, phrase or structure cannot be found in the TL. When an active sentence is translated into a passive one, this is an instance of this type of modulation.
Examples :
I grew up in Jakarta saya dibesarkan di Jakarta
I will submit the report tomorrow morning laporan itu akan saya sampaikan
besok pagi
The difference between fixed and free modulation is one of degree. In the case of fixed modulation, translators with a good knowledge of both languages and freely used this method, as they will be aware of the frequency of use, the pverall acceptable, and the confirmation provided by a dictionary or grammar of the preferred expression.
2.2.2.3 Equivalence
Vinay and Darbelnet use this term to refer to cases where languages described the same situation by different stylistic or structural means. The classical example of equivalence is given by reaction of an amateur who accidentally hits his finger with hammer; if he were French his cry of pain would be transcribed as, “die.!” But he were English this would be interpreted as, “ouch!”. Another striking case ofequivalences are the much onomatopoeia of animal sounds.
Examples :
Cocorico cock-a-doodle-do Miaou miaow
Hi han hee haw
2.2.2.4 Adaptation
Adaption is the extreme limit of translation which is used in cases the translator has to create a ne situation that can be considered equivalent.
Example :
Cricket (UK) baseball (US)
This involves changing the culture reference when a situation in source culture does not exist in target culture. The concept of loss and gain is proposed by Nida (1975:102) and he said, a translator should have good knowledge of the languages of the cultures of both languages. The linguistic knowledge that should be mastered includes morphology, lexis, syntax, and semantics, while cultural knowledge should be sufficiently possessed as the background of the user of these languages. As a matter of fact, it is very difficult to find lexical equivalents between TL culture and SL culture since they are different from one another. The lexical meaning of the two languages will not exatly be the same. There tends to be loss, gain and skewing of information.
definition expresses the idea that if we want to have the meaning of words or phrase, it must be in the context of sentence. An example is insentence like this: “The man who had pressed the remote control device’ and the translator translates it into ‘Lelaki yang baru saja menekan tombol alat kontrol jarak jauh.” In this case the translator necessary gives addition of information in translating the underlined nominal group construction by the word tombol which is not stated in the SL.
Examples:
You Ibu
Peeakboo Cilukba Hide and seek petak umpet
Some of the source language data do not have exact equivalents in the target language because of the different cultural backgrounds between the source language nd target language. Therefore, not at all of the source language terms can be translated into the target language if the source language terms are considered as not having the equivalents, for example English borrowing word “orang utan” is form Bahasa Indonesian.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
This thesis deals use four main research items, the first is research design, the second is data and data source, the third is data collecting method and the fourth is data analyzing method. Research method is as scientific way to get the data with purpose and certain use. Research method consists of qualitive method and quantitative method, which both of them has a different meaning.
3.1. Research Design
This thesis is conducted in the form of the library research in which the data is in the form of English and Indonesia language. Bungin in Metodologi Penelitian Sosial (2001:32) states, “penelitian kepustakaan adalah penelitian yang di lakukan di perpustakaan dan peneliti berhadapan dengan berbagai macam literature sesuai tujuan dan masalah yang sedang di pertanyakan” (Library research is a research that is done in library where a researcher faces many kinds of literatures that is suitable with the objective and problem of the analysis).
3.2. Data and Data Source
Data is everything found about the object of the analysis. For this case, the writer uses primary data or in Indonesia language, we call it as Data Primer. Bungin in Metodologi Peneletian Sosial (2001:128) states, “Data primer adalah data yang di ambil dari sumber data primer atau sumber data yang yutama di lapangan.” (primary data is a data that is taken from primary data resource, orprimary data resource in field of research).
3.3 Data Collecting Method
The data that are considered to be relevant for this study are collected by using technique of sampling. Purposive sampling is used to collect the required data. Bailey (1987:94) also cites:
“In purposive sampling the investigator does not necessarily have a quota to fill from within various strata, as in quota sampling, but neither does ge or she just pick the nearest warm bodies, as in convenience sampling. Rather, the researcher uses his or her on judgement about which respondents to choose and picks only those who best meet the purposes of the study.”
In addition Arikunto (2006:139) says, “Sampel bertujuan atau purposive sample dilakukan dengan cara mengambil subjek bukan didasarkan atas strata, random atau daerah tetapi didasarkan atas adanya tujuan tertentu. Teknik ini biasanya dilakukan karena beberapa pertimbangan, misalnya alasan keterbatasan waktu, tenaga, dan Dana sehingga tidak dapat mengambil sample yang besar dan jauh” (purpose of sample or purposive sample is done by taking a subject not based on strata, random or area, but is based on a certain purpose. This technique is usually done because of some considerations, for example the limitation of time, energy, and find, so it cannot take a great and far sample).
4. Data Analyzing Method
In analyzing the data in this thesis, the writer uses the descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative research is more descriptive because the data shaped of words and more emphasize on process more than product.
As quoted from Bungin’s book, “Penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang dilakukan dengan keterbatasan sasaran penelitian, tetapi kedalaman data/kualitas data tidak terbatas. Semakin berkualitas data yang dikumpulkan, semakin berkualitas penelitian tersebut” (qualitative research is a research that is done with a limitation of target research, but the deep of data/quality of data unlimited. More quality the data is collected more quality that research).
procedures. Third, the writer classified the kinds of literal and oblique translation procedures and finally characterized the literal and oblique translation procedures.
The classification is done by grouping the data depending on the problem. The purpose of the tabulation here is to classify the literal and oblique translation procedures. This analysis is done by finding the literal and oblique translation, classifications and characterization through the context of both SL and TL. After classifying the procedures found in the data, the writer will make a percentage by using Bungin’s Formula :
N = f / N x 100% With : f = the frekuensi
N = the total of frekuensi
Descriptive research consists of explaining the variable examined, by giving the definition, complex explanation from another reference, so that something that is searched is more completed and directed.
The systematic procedures in conducting the analysis are as follows: 1. collecting the data from three fable books
2. reading the data 3. identifying the data
4. analyzing the data and find out the literal and oblique translation procedures
5. classifying and characterizing the data 6. drawing the conclusion and suggestion
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Data Analysis
Based on the data that have been collected from the tale teller book, then the writer gives the analysis of the data. In analyzing the data, the writer gives the cases (procedures of translation) and the analysis that is taken from the data. In this part, the writer describes it by using the table. The table consists of six columns; they are number, Book/data, Source Language, Target Language.
Table of number (No) consist of the sequences of the cases (procedures of translation) that will be found from the data. In table of Book/data consists of the sequence of the data that is taken from the tale teller book (source of data).
In table of Source Language, the writer shows the data that is taken from the three fable books and the table of Target Language, the writer also shos the data that is taken from the three fable books. Each of the data is found by writer as the proedures is typed un italic and bolded. In table of Cases, the writer shows the name of procedures that is found from the data. And then, in the last table, the writer gives the description of each procedure that is fund from the data.
Although in the next page, the writer also gives clearer explanation by giving classification of each procedure that is found in the data. The writer also gives the explanation and the percentage of each procedure.
4.1.1 Literal Translation
Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct transfer of a SL text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which the translators’ task is limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL. In principle, a literal translation is unique solution in which is reversible and complete in itself.
occur when there is a similarity of structure between two languages, so this word for word translation is happened and directly approved in the TL.
Examples : No. No.
Data
SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1. I/14 I reached the valley the next morning.
Aku sampai di lembah itu esok paginya
2. I/16 “Gal, my name is Frontier, the greatest of all zebras.
“Gadis kecil, namaku Frontlier, yang terkuat dari semua zebra 3. I/22 Look how tall he stands! Who
can beat him?”
Lihat bagaimana tingginya dia bediri! Siapa yang dapat mengalahkannya? 4. I/24 I took off running while Rufus
trotted back to his camp laughing
Aku berlari menjauhi sementara Rufus berjalan kembali ke perkemahannya sambil tertawa
Other examples of Literal Translation can be seeing in the table above. From the table above, the writer found that there are 56 cases of Literal Translation with the percentage below :
f/N x 100% with : f = the frequency
N = total of frequency LT = literal translation Percentage of LT = f/N x 100%
= 58/165 x 100% = 35,1 %
Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti 2000:84) says that :
may look unusual but which nevertheless can permit translator a strict control over the reabilty of their work..”
4.1.2 Transposition
Transposition is the procedure which involves replacing one word class with another without changing the meaning of the message. In translation, there are two types of transposition, namely obligatory transposition and optional transposition. Obligatory transposition occurs when the target language has no other choices because of the language system.
The writer found both of them in the data. Obligatory transposition occurs the target language has no other choices because of the language system and there is no grammatical structure of SL found in TL.
Examples : No. No.
Data
SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1. I/2 No worries,no fears Tidak ada kekhawatiran, tidak ada ketakutan.
2. I/6 “I caught me a cuddly little lamb
“Aku menangkap seekor domba kecil yang lucu
3. I/8 No more lions and bears! When the dust settled only one hero was left standing-my brave shepherd, David.
Tidak ada lagi singa dan beruang! Saat debu tidak ada lagi berterbangan, hanya ada satu pahlawan yang masih ada-gembalaku yang berani, David. 4. I/24 He had raced to a nearby
stream and collected his weapons-five smooth stones!
Ia berlari ke sungai di dekat sana dan mengumpulkan senjatanya-lima batu yang licin!
From the table above, the writer found that there are 17 cases of obligatory transposition with the percentage below:
N = total of frequency
OblT = obligatory translation Percentage of OblT = f/N x 100%
= 15/165 x 100 % = 9,09 %
An optional transposition is a transposition, that for the sake of style, can be choosen by translator if it fits better into the utterance or if there is an expression in the SL can be translate Literally but the meaning in the TL feels clumsy. From the data above, the writer found that there are 6 cases of optional transposition with the percentage below:
f/N x 100% With : f = the frequency
N = total of frequency
OplT = obligatory translation Percentage of OblT = f/N x 100%
= 6/165 x 100 % = 3,6%
The total of Transposition Procedure is 9,09% + 3,6% = 12,69 %
4.1.3 Modulation
Modulation is the varying of the language, obtained by a change in the point of view. This change can be justified, although literal even transposed. There are two types of modulation, namely free or optional is generally adopted because of nonlinguistic reason. It is mostly used to stress the meaning, to affect coherence or to find out natural from in the TL.
Example :
No. No. Data
SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1. I/2 Ya see, that lion and bear had each tried to catch us in the past.
Mereka adalah singa dan beruang yang masing-masing pernah
2, I/6 “Well,well, what have we here? Why, it is a little lost lamb who’s tangled up in a mess.
“Wah,wah,liat ini. Ada seekor domba kecil yang tersesat dan terperangkap.
3. I/24 “What’s that boy up to?” Frontier asked
“apa yang akan dilakukan anak itu?” Tanya Frontier
4, I/24 He’d see Ia akan tahu nanti
From the data above, the writer found that there are 66 cases of free modulation with the percentage below :
f/N x 100% With : f = the frequency
N = total of frequency FrM = free modulation Percentage pf Frm = f/N x 100%
= 69/165 x 100% = 41,8%
Fixed Modulation is occurs when a word, phrase or structure cannot be found in the TL. From the data above, the riter found that there are3 cases of fixed modulation with the percentage below :
f/N x 100% With : f = the frequency
N = total of frequency FixM = free modulation Percentage pf Fixm = f/N x 100%
= 3/165 x 100% = 1,8%
The total of Modulation Procedure is 40% + 1,8% = 41,8%
4.1.4 Equivalent
appropriate in the communicative situational equivalent to that of the source language text.
The writer found 11 cases of Equivalence where languages describes the same situation by different stylistic or structural means. In the data above, the writer found the classical example of equivalence.
Examples :
No. No. Data SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1. I/4 He quietly sneaked up on us… and pounced!”Baa! Baa!” we all shouted.
Pelan-pelan ia mendekati kami..dan menerkam! “Mbee! Mbee!” kami semua berteriak. 2. I/6 Gulp! I needed help and fast. Glek! Aku benar-benar
memerlukan bantuan segera. 3. I/10 Whew! Now I could relax Nah! Sekarang aku bisa santai. 4. I/18 Wow! He was the giant of
giants! He was over nice feet tall.
Wah! Ia raksasa yang amat besar! Tingginya lebih dari Sembilan kaki
From the data above, the writer found 11 cases of equivalence with the percentage below :
f/N x 100% With : f = the frequency
N = total of frequency E = Equivalence Percentage pf E = f/N x 100%
= 11/165 x 100% = 6,67%
4.1.5 Adaptation
translator has to create a new situation that can be considered equivalent, and the translator should have good knowledge of the languages of the ultures of both languages. Example :
No. No. Data
SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1. I/1 The Grouchy Giant Si Raksasa Penggerutu 2. I/8 “You bumbling brute!”
roared Lionus.
“Dasar tidak bisa tutup mulut!” Lionus mengaum.
3. I/10 Well, back home. David’s father Jesse met him
Di rumahnya, Isai, ayah Daud, menemuinya.
4. I/10 Jesse had a special job for his son
Isaimemiliki tugas khusus untuk anak laki-lakinya.
From the data, the writer found 6 cases of Adaption with the percentage below : f/N x 100%
With : f = the frequency N = total of frequency A = Adaption
Percentage of A= f/N x 100% = 6/165 x 100% = 3,63%
4.2 Classification of Translation Procedures Found in the Tale Teller Book
4.2.1 Literal Translation
Literal or direct translation procedures are used when structural and conceptual elements of the source language can be transposed into the target language. Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti 2000:84) says,
“In more translation task it may be possible to transpose the source language message element by element into the target language, because it is based on either (i) parallel categories, in which case can speak of structural parallesism, or (ii) in parallel concepts, which are the result of metaliguistic parallelism”
According the Vinay and Darbelnet, there are three pocedures of Direct or Literal Translation; they are borrowing, calque, and literal translation. After analyzing the data from the tale teller book, the writer only found one procedure in Literal Translation, it is literal translation procedure. While the two translation procedures (Borrowing and Calque) doesn’t found in the data.
4.2.1.1 Literal Translation
These following tables show the data which is classified into literal translation where the text in source language is translated word for word into target language by adopting target language structure and the SL transfer directly to the TL grammatical.
Table 4.2: Literal Translation No. No.
Data
SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1. I/1 A tale about trusting God Sebuah kisah tentang mempercayai Tuhan
2. I/2 I’m cassie, a lamb from the speherds’s flock.
Aku adalah cassie, domba dari kaanan gembalaku.
3. I/2 The entire meadow belonged to us
Seluruh padang rumput adalah milik kami.
4. I/2 But those two rascals were watchin’ us-Lionus and Bearootus
5. I/2 But our shepherd always saved us just in time!
Tapi gembala kami selalu berhasil menyelamatkan kami tepat pada waktunya!
6. I/2 But our shepherd always saved us just in time!
Tapi gembala kami selalu berhasil menyelamatkan kami tepat pada waktunya!
7. I/4 Our shepherd was there. Gembala kami ada disana. 8. I/4 We left our little hoofprints
behind in the mud.
Kami meninggalkan jejak kaki kecil kami di lumpur.
9. I/6 I got one, Lionus!”slobbered Bearootus
“aku dapat satu, Lionus!” kata Bearootus.
10. I/6 Those villains laughed. Penjahat itu tertawa 11. I/6 “How? How could he know
about this plan?”
Bagaimana ia tahu tentang rencana ini?”
12. I/8 I smiled. Aku tersenyum.
13. I/8 “Why Bearootus never could keep a secret.
“Karena Bearootus tidak bisa menyimpan rahasia.
14. I/8 Lionus grimaced Lionus menyeringai 15. I/8 “Now we’re trapped! Only
our combined strength will defeat this shepherd boy. Attack!”
“Sekarang kita terperangkap! Kita hanya bisa mengalahkan ank gembala itu jika menyerang bersama-sama. Serang!” 16. I/10 I knew that deep inside his
trust was in the Lord.
Aku tahu bahwa didalam hatinya ia percaya pada Tuhan.
17. I/12 “I can’t miss this fight!” I cried.
Aku tidak boleh melewatkan perang ini!” aku berteriak. 18. I/12 But nobody moved. Tetapi tidak ada yang bergerak 19. I/12 But no me Tetapi aku tidak
20. I/14 I reached the valley the next morning.
21. I/14 I reached the valley the next morning.
Aku sampai di lembah itu esok paginya
22. I/14 The soldiers were shouting for a fight
Mereka berteriak-teriak
23. I/14 On the other side, the
Philistine soldiers were doing the same.
Di sisi lainnya, tentara Filistin melakukan hal yang sama
24. I/14 “Get ready to join the Israelite soldiers and make some noise-even if it lasts for only a few short minutes
“Bersiaplah untuk bergabung dengan tentara Israel untuk berperang-walaupun hanya akan bertahan beberapa menit.” 25. I/16 “Gal, my name is Frontier,
the greatest of all zebras.
“Gadis kecil, namaku Frontlier, yang terkuat dari semua zebra 26. I/16 Each morning the Israelites
shout from this side while the Philistine shout from the other
Setiap pagi orang Israel berteriak dari sisi ini sementara orang Filistin berteriak dari sisi lainnya.
27. I/16 And that Philistine giant stands between us down in the valley.”
Dan raksasa Filistin itu berdiri diantara kami di lembah.”
28. I/16 Whoever is left standing will be the winner
Siapa yang bertahan akan menjadi pemenang
29. I/16 The losing army will become slaves of the winning army
Pasukan yang kalah akan menjadi budak pasukan yang menang!” 30. I/18 Suddenly a voice thundered
from the valley
Tiba-tiba terdengar suara bergemuruh dari lembah 31. I/18 Who would fight him? Siapa yang dapat
mengalahkannya?
scared ketakutan
34. I/18 Look how mighty he is Lihat betapa besarnya dia 35. I/18 Look how tall he stands!
Who can beat him?
Lihat betapa tingginya dia bediri! Siapa yang dapat
mengalahkannya? 36. I/18 Frontier answered,”King
Saul offered a reward,gal
Frontier menjawab,”Raja Saul telah menawarkan hadiah 37. I/20 Finally a brave man did
speak up
Akhirnya seorang pria berani menjawabnya
38. I/20 King Saul looked at David and frowned
Raja Saul melihat Daud dan mengerutkan keningnya 39. I/22 I left camp to watch from a
distance
Aku menjauhi perkemahan untuk melihat dari kejauhan
40. I/22 But I got lost, again Tetapi aku tersesat lagi 41. I/22 I looked up to see a Philistine
lamb, not much bigger than me
Aku menoleh dan melihat seekor domba Filisin, yang lebih besar sedikit daripada aku
42. I/22 “I,Rufus, your future master, laugh at you
“Aku, Rufus, yang akan menjadi tuanmu, menertawakanmu 43. I/22 Look how tall he stands!
Who can beat him?”
Lihat bagaimana tingginya dia bediri! Siapa yang dapat mengalahkannya? 44. I/24 I took off running while
Rufus trotted back to his camp laughing
Aku berlari menjauhi sementara Rufus berjalan kembali ke perkemahannya sambil tertawa 45. I/24 Inside, I found David Didalamnya aku menemukan David 46. I/24 So he took the armor off Jadi ia melepaskan baju perang itu 47. I/24 David would fight Goliath
his way
Daud akan berperang dengan caranya sendiri
49. I/24 “Just watch!” I replied confidently, “Now he’s ready!”
“Lihat saja!” aku menjawab dengan yakin. “Sekarang ia sudah siap?”
50. I/26 David went alone into the valley and stood on one side
Daud berangkat sendiri ke lembah dan berdiri disatu sisi
51. I/26 Goliath waited on the other Goliath menunggu disisi lainnya 52. I/26 Goliath mocked David in
front everyone
Goliath mengejek Daud didepan semua orang
53. I/26 But David was confident and quick to correct Goliath
Tetapi Daud merasa yakin dan membantah Goliat
54. I/26 This battle belonged to the lord!
Peperangan ini milik Tuhan!
55. I/28 David ran over and killed Goliath
David berlari mendekat dan mebunuh Goliat
56. I/28 Now the Philistines were scared! And Rufus too
Sekarang orang Filistin ketakutan! Rufus juga
57. I/28 Frontier followed the Israelite soldiers
Frontier mengikuti tentara Israel
58. I/30 Can you guess what if found under my pillow? Four smooth stones!
Bisa kalian terka apa yang ada di bawah bantalku? Empat batu licin!
4.2.2.1 Transposition
These following table shows the data which is classified into Transposition where involves replacing one word class with another class without changing the message.
Table 4.3 : Transposition No. No.
Data
SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1. I/2 One lazy afternoon I as frolicking in the meadow with my brother and
sisters. saudara-saudaraku.
2. I/2 No worries,no fears Tidak ada kekhawatiran, tidak ada ketakutan.
3. I/6 “I caught me a cuddly little lamb “Aku menangkap seekor domba kecil yang lucu
4. I/6 Lionus crept out of the shadows and chuckled.
Lionus keluar dari semak dan tertawa.
5. I/8 My little hoofprints led my shepherd straight down your route
Jejak kaki kecilku memberitahu arahku kesini
6. I/8 They leaped at my shepherd, and then… well, let’s just say no more worries, no more fears.
Kelihatannya mereka berpikir akan menang kali ini! Mereka menerkam gembalaku, dan kemudian…yah, katakan saja tidak ada lagi kekhawatiran, tidak ada lagi ketakutan. 7. I/8 No more lions and bears! When the
dust settled only one hero was left standing-my brave shepherd, David.
Tidak ada lagi singa dan
beruang! Saat debu tidak ada lagi berterbangan, hanya ada satu pahlawan yang masih ada-gembalaku yang berani, David. 8. I/10 David’s job was to take care corn,
bread, and chese to his brothers and their commander, then return with an update about the battle.
Tugas Daud adalah membawa jagung, roti dan keju kepada kakak-kakaknya dan komandan mereka, kemudian kembali dengan berita terbaru tentang perang itu.
9. I/12 All right!” I shouted to my brothers and sisters.
“baiklah!” aku berteriak kepada saudara-saudaraku
10. I/12 As fast as my little legs could move, I zoomed out of there. And nobody even noticed
11. I/18 Frontier fearfully scurried behind the tents
Frontier berlari ketakutan ke belakang perkemahan 12. I/20 He would take the challenge and
fight this noisy giant
Ia akan menjawab tatangan itu dan melawan raksasa yang banyak bicara ini
13. I/20 He had defeated lions and bears when they took lambs from his flock
Ia telah mengalahkan singa dan beruang saat mereka mengambil domba dari kawanan miliknya 14. I/22 I saw you rootin for the scrawny
shepherd boy
Aku melihat kamu mendukung anak gembala yang kurus itu 15. I/24 Thankfully, I could follow my
hoofprints back to King Saul’s tent
Untunglah aku bisa mengikuti jejak kakiku kembali ke tenda Raja Saul
16. I/24 He had raced to a nearby stream and collected his weapons-five smooth stones!
Ia berlari ke sungai di dekat sana dan mengumpulkan senjatanya-lima batu yang licin!
17. I/26 He would feed David to the birds Daud akan dibuatnya menjadi umpan burung
18. I/30 But with the Lord on his side lions, bears, and even giants stood no chance
Tetapi dengan Tuhan
disampingnya, singa, beruang, dan bahkan raksasatidak bisa menang
19. I/30 No worries, no fears, no problem! Tidak ada kekhawatiran, tidak ada ketakutan, tidak ada masalah 20. I/14 I turned to see a strange-looking
horse covered with stripes and shining armor
Aku menoleh dan melihat kuda yang aneh penuh dengan garis-garis dan senjata yang bersinar 21. I/14 “Are you gonna lead the fight and
squash those nasty Philistines?”
4.2.2.2 Modulation
These folowing table shows the data which concluded into Modulation where the varying of the langauge, obtained by a change in the point of view.
Table 4.4 : Modulation
No. No. Data
SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1. I/2 All right! I get to be your Tale Teller today.
Baiklah! Hari ini aku yang akan bercerita.
2. I/2 This is the story of the greatest showdown ever-my shepherd in one corner against a big wise-crackin’ giant in the other.
Ini adalah kisah dari pertunjukkan terbesar yang pernah ada-gembalaku melawan raksasa.
3. I/2 Ya see…well,I’d better start from the beginning.
Kurasa lebih baik aku mulai dari awal.
4. I/2 Ya see, that lion and bear had each tried to catch us in the past.
Mereka adalah singa dan beruang yang masing-masing pernah berusaha menangkap kami dulu.
5. I/4 On that day, though, those two were working
together.
Namun pada hari itu, kedua penjahat itu bekerja sama.
6. I/4 Lionus had come up with a special plan to catch a lamb!
Lionus punyasebuah rencana untuk menangkap seekor domba!
7 I/4 Lionus snarled and chased us between the clumps of clover, through the tall meadow grass,
and across our trickling stream.
8 I/4 We had only one chance for escape-Promise Point.
Kami hanya memiliki satu kesempatan untuk menyelamatkan diri-Titik Pejanjian.
9. I/4 Lionus was closing in as I raced down a quicker route.
Lionus mendekat saat aku berlari di jalan pintas.
10. I/4 Problem as, I got lost. Masalahnya adalah aku tersesat. 11. I/4 Then something suddenly
fell all around me!
Kemudian ada sesuatu yang jatuh mengelilingi aku!
12. I/6 Your plan worked just like ya said it would. Is this one a keeper?
Rencana itu berhasil seperti katamu. Apa ini cukup?”
13. I/6 “Well,well, what have we here? Why, it is a little lost lamb who’s tangled up in a mess.
“Wah,wah,liat ini. Ada seekor domba kecil yang tersesat dan terperangkap.
14. I/6 Why Bearootus, of course we’ll keep poor thing…for our lunch!”
Dan Bearootus, tentu saja kita akan menyimpannya…untuk makan siang kita!”
15. I/6 Suddenly something hit Lionus on his head
Tiba-tiba kepala Lionus terkena sesuatu.
16. I/6 Then something thumped Bearootus on his head! All right! Help had arrived.
Kemudian ada yang memukul kepala Bearootus. Hore! Bantuan telah datang.
17. I/6 Those critters turned to find my shepherd zinging rocks straight at them.
Para penjahat itu menoleh dan melihat gembalaku melemparkan batu kepada mereka.
again,”moaned Lionus mengeluh
19. I/8 We’ve known for weeks Kami telah lama mengetahuinya. 20. I/8 Bearootus looked away
sheepishly
Bearootus menoleh malu
21. I/8 My shepherd raced closer, fighting rocks with his mighty sling.
Gembalaku lari mendekat, sambil mengayunkan batu dengan pelantarnya.
22. I/10 And with the Lord at his side, he could do
anything!
Aku tahu bahwa didalam hatinya ia percaya pada Tuhan.
23. I/10 Near the valley of Elah a battle was brewing.
Di dekat Lembah Tarbantin sedang terjadi perang.
24. I/10 The Israelite army, who were the good guys, were battling the evil Philistine army.
Tentara Israel, yang adalah orang-orang yang baik melawan tentara Filistin yang jahat.
25. I/12 “We’re gonna see a fight. Pack your bags. We leave tonight!”
“kita akan melihat peperangan.
Bersiaplah. Kita berangkat malam ini!”
26. I/12 But my excitement was soon dashed to the ground.
Tapi kegembiraanku segera terhenti.
27. I/12 Why, we were all being rounded up and placed back in our pens.
Jadi kami semua dikumpulkan dan dimasukkan ke kandang kami.
28. I/12 “I’ve got ringside seats. Quick, everybody, make a break for the gate
“Aku harus melihatnya. Ayo semua, kita menerobos gerbang!”
29. I/12 “I’ve got ringside seats. Quick, everybody, make
a break for the gate 30. I/12 I guess they’d had more
than enough excitement for one day.
Kukira mereka sudah cukup lelah hari ini.
31. I/12 All right! My next stop; the valley of Elah
Baiklah! Tujuan berkutnya adalah Lembah Tarbantin
32. I/14 On one side, the Israelite army was lined up ready for battle
Di satu sisi, tentara Israel telah berbaris siap untuk berperang
33. I/14 As I looked for my seat I heard a voice behind me
Saat aku mencari tempat yang bagus aku mendengar ada suara di belakangku 34. I/14 “Look alive,”he said to
three powerful horses.
“Baik,” katanya pada tiga kuda yang kuat
35. I/14 Wow, he looked cooler than any horse I’d ever seen.
Wah, ia terlihat keren sekali
36. I/14 “Who, and what are you, mister?” I asked wide-eyed.
“Siapa dan hewan apakah kamu?” aku bertanya sambil terpesona.
37. I/16 The striped horse laughed and rolled his eyes
Kuda bergaris itu tertawa
38. I/16 I’ve been enlisted to confuse the enemy with my splendid striped appereance
Aku telah di perintahkan untuk membingungkan musuh dengan
penampilan begarisku yang bagus ini.
39. I/16 “We’ve been camped here for forty days without a single skirmish
“Kami telah berkemah disini selama empat puluh hari tanpa pertempuran apapun
asked, trembling gemetar. 41. I/16 “Gal, not just any giant,”
he replied, “ but Goliath of Gath, the giant of giants!
“Bukan raksasa biasa,”jawabnya, “tapi Goliat dari Gat, raksasa terbesar!
42. I/18 It was Goliath Itu suara Goliat 43. I/18 Look how fearlessly he
speaks
Lihat betapa beraninya dia berbicara
44. I/18 I called to Frontier,”Isn’t anyone brave enough to take on this giant’s challenge? There must be some reward for bravery here!”
Aku memanggil Frontier,”Apakah tidak ada yang cukup berani untuk
menghadapi tantangan raksasa ini? Pasti ada hadiah untuk yang berani disini!”
45. I/18 Great riches, his daughter’s hand in marriage, and even freedom from taxes will go to any man brave enough to slay that giant.”
Kekayaan yang luar biasa, menikahi anak perempuannya, dan tidak perlu membayar pajak bagi laki-laki yang berani mengalahkan raksasa itu.”
46. I/20 David as standing behind me with the king, and I was supposed to be home in my pen
Daud berdiri dibelakangku dengan raja, dan aku seharusnya ada di kandangku dirumah.
47. I/20 He appeared to be an ordinary boy
Ia terlihat seperti anak laki-laki biasa
48. I/20 David told King Saul about his past battles
Tapi Daud memberitahu Raja Saul tentang peperangannya sebelum ini 49. I/20 “That’s right!” I shouted “Benar!” aku berteriak
