An Analysis Of Code Mixing Found In Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel “Rantau 1 Muara"

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AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN AHMAD FUADI’S NOVEL “RANTAU 1 MUARA”

A THESIS BY

NINA KARTIKA REG. NO. 100705050

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

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AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN AHMAD FUADI’S NOVEL “RANTAU 1 MUARA”

A THESIS BY

NINA KARTIKA REG. NO.100705050

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum NIP. 195103131980032001 NIP. 195711171983032002

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

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Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

Dr. H. Muhijar Muchtar, M.S ………. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D ………. Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief, M. Hum ………. Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum ……….

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I NINA KARTIKA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : NINA KARTIKA

TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN AHMAD FUADI’S NOVEL “RANTAU 1 MUARA”

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Bismillahirramanirrahiim, in the name of Allah SWT – the Beneficent and

the Merciful. First of all I would like to express my gratitude to the Almighty Allah

SWT, who gives me health, power and spirit so that I can complete this thesis. This

thesis is intended to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Ilmu

Budaya, from the English Department, Faculty of Cultural Science, University of

Sumatera Utara.

I would like to express my gratitude to all those who give me the possibility

to complete this thesis. I would like to thank the Dean Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A, the

head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, the Secretary of English

Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D, for their help during the days of my

study in this faculty. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Dr. Hj. Nilzami Raswief,

M.Hum, and co-supervisor, Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum, who have helped, stimulated,

and given suggestions and encouragement to me in all the time of writing of this

thesis.

Especially, I would to thank to my beloved parents, Robingun and Nuriati

whose patience give me support and motivation to finish my thesis. They also have

helped me in moralities and materials. To my grandmother, Ngadinem thank you to

always pray for me and thanks for loving me. To my auntie, Jumilah and Suparia

thanks for supporting me and also for my cousin Ade Fitria.. Thank you very much

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My thank is also to the special someone who have supported me, helping me

and he always had countless time to accompany me when I felt stress in writing this

thesis. He always made me feel happy and enjoy.

I thank to all my friends in Islamic Student Association (HMI), Andi

Wiranata, Nuary, Fadda, Anggi, Septika, Faisal, and etc, thanks for your supporting

and thanks for helping me in all difficulties. Special thanks for my lovely sister Sari

Dewi Tanjung who always give all her time for helping me and accompany me

through my life , sad and happy life. I love you.

I would to thank to my entire classmate especially Siti Mariam, SS, Mori

Satria Harahap, SS, Firly Dara Syafitri, SS, Paramitha Sari Sinaga, SS, Septiany

Gultom, SS, and etc for having great times during finishing this thesis and for tears

and laugh that we share, you are the great friends that I ever have. For my entire

friends who always give support and help me, thank you so much. Last, thank you to

Bang Mistam as the administrative staff of English Department for all his help and

contribution to finish all the administrative matters. I also would like to thank to

those who help me to finish this thesis that I can not mention one by one.

Medan, Juli 2014

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi yang berjudul An Analysis of Code Mixing Found in Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel “Rantau 1 Muara” ini, berisi kajian sosiolinguistik yang menyangkut peristiwa campur kode yang terjadi di dalam novel tersebut. Penulis menganalisis banyaknya komponen bahasa yang digunakan dalam novel tersebut dan mencari komponen bahasa yang paling dominan. Selain itu penulis menggunakan teori Breadsmore dalam mengkaji penyebab terjadinya peristiwa campur kode. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan yaitu dengan menghimpun data dari berbagai literature baik diperpustakaan maupun ditempat-tempat lain. Ada beberapa langkah yang dilakukan dalam mengolah dan menganalisis data, yakni dengan mengumpulkan semua data yang mengandung campur kode dari setiap bab, kemudian data tersebut di identifikasi dan menentukan campur kode yang digunakan serta menghitungnya kedalam tabel..Analisis difokuskan pada komponen bahasa yang digunakan, komponen bahasa yang paling sering digunakan dan alasan penulis menggunakan campur kode di dalam novelnya. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa penulis novel Rantau 1 Muara, Ahmad Fuadi menggunakan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa utama yang digunakan para tokohnya. Di samping itu, Fuadi juga menggunakan Bahasa Inggris, bahasa Arab, serta bahasa daerah dalam novelnya. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan total campur kode yang digunakan dalan novel tersebut yaitu sebanyak 358 campur kode dengan 4 jenis komponen bahasa yang digunakan yaitu kata (49,2%), prasa (40,8%), klausa (1,4%) dan kalimat (8,6%) , dan komponen bahasa yang paling dominan adalah kata (49,2%). Selain itu ada 5 penyebab terjadinya peristiwa campur kode yang ditemukan dalam novel tersebut,yaitu; bilingualism, social community, situations, vocabulary dan prestige.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis titled An Analysis of Code Mixing Found in Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel Rantau 1 Muara. It contains sociolinguistic study that discuss about code mixing indeed. The writer analyzes the components of language which are used in that novel and find out the most dominant’s component. Besides that the writer use Breadsmore’s theory in analyze the cause of the interference of code mixing. This research is a kind of library research that collect data from the literature either in the library or other places. There are several steps taken in processing and analyzing the data such as collecting all the data that contains code mixing of each chapter, then the data is identified, determining the code mixing that used and count them into the table. Analysis focused on components of language which are used, the component of language which is dominant used and the reason of the writer use code mixing in his novel. Based on the result of data analysis, it can be concluded that the writer of Rantau 1 Muara, Ahmad Fuadi use bahasa Indonesia as the major language that used by the characters. Besides that, Fuadi also use English, Arabian language and ethnic language in his novel. The writer found 358 code mixing in that novel from the research result. There are 4 components of language which are used, they are word (49,2%), phrase (40,8%), clause (1,4%) and sentence (8,6%) and the most dominant of components of language is word (49,2%). Besides that there are 5 reasons why the writer use code mixing in his novel. They are bilingualism, social community, situations, vocabulary and prestige.

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Skripsi yang berjudul An Analysis of Code Mixing Found in Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel “Rantau 1 Muara” ini, berisi kajian sosiolinguistik yang menyangkut peristiwa campur kode yang terjadi di dalam novel tersebut. Penulis menganalisis banyaknya komponen bahasa yang digunakan dalam novel tersebut dan mencari komponen bahasa yang paling dominan. Selain itu penulis menggunakan teori Breadsmore dalam mengkaji penyebab terjadinya peristiwa campur kode. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan yaitu dengan menghimpun data dari berbagai literature baik diperpustakaan maupun ditempat-tempat lain. Ada beberapa langkah yang dilakukan dalam mengolah dan menganalisis data, yakni dengan mengumpulkan semua data yang mengandung campur kode dari setiap bab, kemudian data tersebut di identifikasi dan menentukan campur kode yang digunakan serta menghitungnya kedalam tabel..Analisis difokuskan pada komponen bahasa yang digunakan, komponen bahasa yang paling sering digunakan dan alasan penulis menggunakan campur kode di dalam novelnya. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa penulis novel Rantau 1 Muara, Ahmad Fuadi menggunakan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa utama yang digunakan para tokohnya. Di samping itu, Fuadi juga menggunakan Bahasa Inggris, bahasa Arab, serta bahasa daerah dalam novelnya. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan total campur kode yang digunakan dalan novel tersebut yaitu sebanyak 358 campur kode dengan 4 jenis komponen bahasa yang digunakan yaitu kata (49,2%), prasa (40,8%), klausa (1,4%) dan kalimat (8,6%) , dan komponen bahasa yang paling dominan adalah kata (49,2%). Selain itu ada 5 penyebab terjadinya peristiwa campur kode yang ditemukan dalam novel tersebut,yaitu; bilingualism, social community, situations, vocabulary dan prestige.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis titled An Analysis of Code Mixing Found in Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel Rantau 1 Muara. It contains sociolinguistic study that discuss about code mixing indeed. The writer analyzes the components of language which are used in that novel and find out the most dominant’s component. Besides that the writer use Breadsmore’s theory in analyze the cause of the interference of code mixing. This research is a kind of library research that collect data from the literature either in the library or other places. There are several steps taken in processing and analyzing the data such as collecting all the data that contains code mixing of each chapter, then the data is identified, determining the code mixing that used and count them into the table. Analysis focused on components of language which are used, the component of language which is dominant used and the reason of the writer use code mixing in his novel. Based on the result of data analysis, it can be concluded that the writer of Rantau 1 Muara, Ahmad Fuadi use bahasa Indonesia as the major language that used by the characters. Besides that, Fuadi also use English, Arabian language and ethnic language in his novel. The writer found 358 code mixing in that novel from the research result. There are 4 components of language which are used, they are word (49,2%), phrase (40,8%), clause (1,4%) and sentence (8,6%) and the most dominant of components of language is word (49,2%). Besides that there are 5 reasons why the writer use code mixing in his novel. They are bilingualism, social community, situations, vocabulary and prestige.

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study

Human is social beings, because they can not live alone without others. They

will always interact and communicate in their life. In social life, actually human can

also use other communication device, such as symbols. But, the fact language is the

best, most perfect, than other communication device. According to Webster’s New

College Dictionary (in Chaer & Agustina ,1995:22) “Communication is a process by

which information is ex-change between individuals through a common system of

symbols, signs or behavior”. Based on that explanation, it means that language has

important role in our life.

Language has many variations, for example; ethnic language, formal

language, and foreign language. In Indonesia, people often communicate with their

own ethnic language and it’s called first language such as javanese, sundanese ,

bataknese, and acehnese. They use the language depend on the context of situation.

They use first language or their mother tongue when they meet the people from the

same ethnic . They will use bahasa Indonesia as their second language when they

meet those who are not the same ethnic. All the activities concerning with the

relation between speaker and the using of language, refers to sociolinguistic study.

The globalization influenced everything in the world. One of them is

language. Now, people are not only using their own ethnic language or formal

language to communicate with other people, but they also using foreign language in

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In order to support this situation, foreign languages consider to be the major subjects

in education curriculum in Indonesia. The ability of people in mastering one or more

language give some effects. One of them is the people will use more than one

language at once in their communication or known as bilingualism. According

Bloomfield (in Chaer & Agustin ,1995:113) “Bilingualism is the ability of a speaker

to use two various language equally well”.

In bilingual communication, two or more languages often used together. And

sometimes the people will mix or switch one language to another language in one

utterance. Those are known as code mixing and code switching. According to Fasold

(in Chaer & Agustin, 1995:152) “code mixing is when someone use one word or one

phrase from one language, and code switching is when one clause has grammatical

structure from a language, and the next clause arranged based on grammatical

structure from other language”.

As international language, English is one of the foreign language that most

often used by Indonesian people. It causes Indonesian language influenced by

English. As evidence, many Indonesian people mix the languages in their daily

communication. For example:

a. Kita bikin konser unplugged (we make unplugged concert)

b. Ini block note untuk liputan (it is block note for reportage)

c. Ini malam deadline. (it is deadline’s night)

d. Aku gak butuh perfect (I don’t need perfect)

The example above shows the different codes in one sentence. It can be seen

that word unplugged, block note, deadline, and perfect are taken from English

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One of the most influenced by code mixing’s phenomena is Indonesian

literary works, where they have been developed since a long time ago both in their

quantity and quality. They always follow the globalization. Now, we can see that

many Indonesian literary works that are written in English or mix Indonesian and

English. One of that literary works is known as a novel. In this case, the writer will

choose one kind of novel as an object of the study because novel has several

language characteristics that distinguish it from other literatures. One of the special

characteristics is the using of foreign language terms especially in English. In this

research the writer will discuss one of the novel titled Rantau 1 Muara.

The writer choose this novel because Rantau 1 Muara is written by new and

famous Indonesian novelist, Ahmad Fuadi. He is the author of best selling novel

“Negeri 5 Menara”. Rantau 1 muara is the third books of Negeri 5 Menara’s

trilogy. This novel tells us about the story of the author that has a great life

experience from his problems as the continuity of the novel before. It is a touching

journey of life, full of challenges, and motivation. It also tells us that life is a place

to create something, find a true love and find the means of true life. It is proper to

read as an additional motivation for our lives, especially for young generation.

Besides that, the language that used in that novel is very simple and easy to be

understood by the reader.

Most important in that novel, the characters often use different languages, but

most often is Indonesian-English and sometimes they mix or switch it. But there are

so many mixing phenomenon than switching. For example;

a. “I am a city girl. Gak bisa kalo gak tinggal di kota besar, kayak London itu,”

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b. “Mama bilang supaya Abang telepon secepatnya hari ini. Kasih selamat

ultah untuk Papa, biar dia seneng,” kata Dinara di chatting room. (chap.28)

c. Melalui Dinara aku kerap meminjam buku-buku referensi terbaru untuk

paper-ku (chap. 34)

That kind of mixing phenomenon in this novel get the writer’s attention.

Besides, the writer is interested in knowing what the component of language which is

dominant used in code-mixing in that novel and the reason of the characters using

code-mixing. Hence, the writer titles this research “An Analysis of Code Mixing

Found In Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel “Rantau 1 Muara”.

1.2 Problem of The Study

The problems of the study are formulated as following:

1) What components of language are used in code-mixing found in Ahmad Fuadi’s

novel “Rantau 1 Muara”?

2) Which component of language is dominantly used in code-mixing found in

Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel “Rantau 1 Muara”?

3) Why does the writer of the novel use many code mixing?

1.3 Objective of the Study

In relating to the problem, the objectives of this study are:

1) To find out the components of language which are used in code-mixing in Ahmad

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2) To find out the component of language which is dominant used in code-mixing in

Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel “Rantau 1 Muara”

3) To find out the reason why the writer of the novel use many code mixing

1.4 Scope of the Study

Many novels have used code-mixing with English. In this case, the scope of

the study is limited on the use of code-mixing only in Indonesia-English language in

novel “Rantau 1 Muara” by Ahmad Fuadi which has forty-six chapters. Cause of

that, the writer limited it with choosing twenty three from forty-six chapters to

analyze as object of the study and it is considered be able to represent all the

chapters.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study are expected to be useful for:

1) The English students, it would provide a better understanding about

code-mixing of components of language involved there so students are able to analyze

components of language which are used in code-mixing. The findings of this

study are also supposed to give contribution to English students, especially for

those majoring in linguistics. This study will provide a better technique for other

researchers to conduct further research about code-mixing

2) The reader, to get information and to increase knowledge about code mixing

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in Indonesia novel so readers are able to identify code-mixing when they read

novel.

3) The lecture, it would be one of teaching materials in linguistic teaching

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Some terms are used in this study. Theoretically they need to be explained to

avoid misinterpretation of the terms.

2.1 Sociolinguistic

When people interact with others in society at anytime and anywhere

they must use a language. Without a language, people will find some

troubles when they do their activities and toward the others. There is no

people or society without a language. The role of a language among the

people in this life is very crucial. The study of linguistics reveals that

language and society cannot be separated to be investigated. It develops into

sociolinguistics or the sociology of language. Fishman (in Chaer and

Agustina, 2004:3) says that, ‘sociolinguistics is the study of the

characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions,

and the characteristics of the speaker as these three constantly interact,

change and change one another within a speech community”. In addition,

Holmes (2001:1) says that sociolinguistics is concerned with the relationship

between language and the context in which it is used. Examining the way

people use language in different social contexts provides a wealth

information about the way language works, as well as about the social

relationships in a community, and the way people signal aspects of their

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Sociolinguistics actually does not discuss a structure of a language, but it

focuses on how a language is used, so it could play its function well. From this

statement, we can get a description that people also face language conflicts before

sociolinguistics appears. So it is clear now that the role of sociolinguistics is to

manage a language as its functions in society, or in other words sociolinguistics deals

with a language as means of communication.

2.2 Bilingualism

In general, bilingualism is about the using of two languages. Fishman (1980)

made a useful distinction between bilingualism as an individual phenomenon and as

a societal phenomenon. Diebold (1968:10) said that the presence of bilingualism at

the beginning of the bilingualism rate experienced by the people, especially children

who are learning a second language in the early stages. At this stage it is still very

simple bilingualism and the low level. But can not be ignored because at this stage of

the base located next bilingualism. A quick look at statistics will tell us that most of

the countries in the world are bilingualism or multilingualism- there are 193

countries and over 6.000 different languages. This does not mean, however, that the

individual citizens of bilingualism countries are necessarily multilingualism

themselves. Bilingualism individual is anyone who can communicate in more than

one language (Li Wei, 2008:3).

From the above discussion can be summed up as an answer to the first

question that the definition of bilingualism is a range of tiered finally began to master

the language well plus the first few will know a second language, second language

acquisition followed by a tiered rose to second language acquisition as well as

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speakers will be able to use the first language and second language as well, for the

function and any situation and anywhere.

Bilingualism also discussion about the phenomenon of code mixing and code

switching; a speaker may take every effort to code mix by including a single

utterance from one language although he does not actually use that language very

much. The situational context will happen when a speaker does switching from one

language to another language. Thus bilingualism reshapes not only one language but

also the situation.

2.3 Code

Code is a term which refers to a variety. Variety is a sociolinguistics tern of

specific set of ‘linguistic item’ or human speech patterns which we can uniquely

associate with some external factor (presumably, a geographical area or social

group). It is referring to language or a variety of language as a code, being by

definition a variation and some other perhaps more standard language. In contrast,

the ‘natural’ term ‘code’ can be used to refer to any kind of system that two or more

people employ for communication (Wardhaugh, 1998:22).

In this case a code is the particular language one chooses to use in any

occasion, a system used for communication between two or more parties. When

people are about to speak, they have to choose a particular code to express their

minds of feeling. The particular code in this case can be a particular language,

dialect, style, register or variety. Therefore in daily situation, people may use

different code in different situation.

The term code cannot be separated from two phenomenon terms namely code

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especially speech that draws to deferring extents at least two languages combined in

different ways.

2.3.1 Code Switching

As we know that people know two languages are the first language(mother

tongue) and the second language. So from this case sometimes people combine these

languages in their communication. So in this problem they have used code switching.

Hymes (1974: 103) state that code switching is not happening between language but

also can happen between variety or styles in the any language. In generally Hymes

state that “Code switching has become a common term for alternate us of two or

more than a language, varieties of language, or even speech styles”. According to

Pietro (in Jendra, 2010:74) “code switching is the use of more than one language by

communicants in the execution of a speech act”.

From the definitions above, it is learned that code switching is found more

with bilingual or multilingual speakers, although monolinguals may actually be said

to switch from a variety or style to another. The definitions also suggest that code

switching should be found in a single conversation.. In other words, if a bilingual

child changes from using Indonesian language at home to using English at school,

the act of changing codes would not normally be classified as code switching.

These are some reasons why code switching takes place as

1) A speaker is unable to express him/herself in one language so he switches to other

to compensate for the deficiency

2) Switching commonly occurs when an individual wishes to express solidarity with

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that is the different relationship among the participants or more formal

relationship of the participants that sometimes involves the different status.

3) The alternation that occurs when the speakers want to convey his/her attitude to

the listener. Where monolingual speakers can communicate these attitudes by

means of variation in the level of formality in their speech, bilingual speakers can

convey the same by code switching.

2.3.2 Code Mixing

Code-mixing refers to the mixing of two or more languages or

conversant uses both languages together to the extent which they change from one

language to the other in the course of a single utterance. Thus if someone mixes two

codes in one sentence by inserting other elements of language, it means that he uses

code mixing. And according to Holmes (2001:50), ‘the speaker is mixing up codes

indiscriminately or perhaps because of incompetence. Chaer and Agustina

(2004:115) says that “campur code adalah digunakannya serpihan-serpihan dari

bahasa lain dalam menggunakan suatu bahasa yang mungkin diperlukan denagn

tanpa disadari, sehingga tidak dianggap suatu kesalahan atau penyimpangan” (code

mixing is using pieces of another language maybe needed unconsciously, so that it is

not accepted as a mistake).

There are some factors, that cause people do code mixing according to

Breadsmore (in Ginting, 2012:13). Some of them are:

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It cannot be avoided that the ability to use to speak more than one language is

a basic factor of code mixing. Most of the world’s population is bilingual or

multilingual.

2) Speaker and partner speaking

Communication is the process of expressing ideas between two participants

of conversation. Speaker needs partner speaking to communicate and code mixing

could appear if both use and understand t well.

3) Social community

An individual lives and cooperates in one community either in monolingual

or bilingual community. Now most communities are bilingual that use two languages

in their interactions. In this case, an individual will be influenced by social

community directly.

4) Situations

Usually code mixing occurs in relax or informal situation. This situation is

closer with daily conversation and for writers is also describe as their habitual

communication.

5) Vocabulary

There is not appropriate word or when there is a lack of vocabulary in one

language. The inability to find an appropriate word or expression in one language

makes people change the word or phrase from one to another language and it can be

combined together.

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Globalization era has lead people must be able to speak more than one

language, especially English. For many young people code mixing becomes awn

style which is hoped to be modern and educational one. They mix language because

of prestige.

Bilingual speakers may utilize code mixing as a marker of group identity in various

intra-group bilingual communities. It may occur because speakers want to show their

solidarity and familiarity each other. And in principle, code mixing is the mixing

from one language into the structure of other language such as word, phrase, clause,

and even sentence from a cooperative activity where the participants in order to infer

what is intended. In this case code mixing involves components of language such as

word, phrase, clause, and even sentence in the same utterance.

2.3.2.1 Type of Code Mixing

According to Siregar (1996:50), code mixing divided into two types,

intra-sentential mixing and extra-intra-sentential mixing.

1) Intra-sentential mixing

Intra-sentential mixing may range from the alternation of single words or

phrases to clauses within a single sentence or utterance. Some examples of code

mixing in English- Indonesia language will be described as follow:

a) kalau butuh sesuatu call aku aja.

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b) Saya tahu, sulit memaafkan saya atas kejadian semalam, but give me chance to

show my best.

(but give me chance to show my best as code mixing of clause)

c) Tinggal sign in di sini nanti.

(sign in as code mixing of phrase in the sentence).

Based on the examples above, it can be seen that those are code mixing

sentences with single word, single clause, and single phrase.

2) Extra-sentential mixing

Normally extra-sentential mixing occurs between sentences. Because it

occurs at sentence boundaries, it requires less complex syntactic interaction between

two languages involved in code mixing.

Suwito also devides code mixing into two types, they are:

1) “Campur kode kedalam adalah campur code yang bersumber dari bahasa asli

dengan variasinya”. (Inner code mixing, it occurs if the speaker inserts the elements

of their own language into national language, the element of dialect into own

language).

2) “Campur code keluar adalah campur code yang bersumber dari bahasa asing”

(outer code mixing, it occurs if the speaker inserts the element of their own language

into foreign language).

(29)

According to Zyegintsev (Ginting, 2012:17) a machine that processes natural

language must first be able to categorize, the wide variety of language components

which are morpheme/word, phrase, clause, and sentence.

2.4.1 Word

Word is the smallest unit of language that can exist on its own in either

written or spoken language. It is also constituents of sentence that due to their order,

their suffices, prefixes, and differentiating signs give some meaning. It means that

morphemes cannot be decomposed into smaller units which are either meaningful or

mark such singular or plural.

There are two kinds of morpheme. First, free morpheme also called as simple

word which is capable of standing independently. For example: book, study, pencil,

learn, sad, old, happy, etc. second, bound morpheme always attaches with other

word, such as -s, -er, -ed, pre-, mis-, un-, etc. For example: play (play + -er), unclear

(un- + clear). Here are some examples of code-mixing in English and Indonesia

language in word:

a) Semua pekerja pada enjoy. (All worker at enjoy).

b) aku merasa sedikit afraid membayangkan masa depanku . (I feel little afraid to

imagine my future).

c) aku gak mau dinner di restoran Jepang. (I don’t want dinner in Japanese

restaurant)

The examples above it can be seen that word enjoy, afraid, and dinner, are

taken from English and they are mixed in Indonesia language as component language

(30)

2.4.2 Phrase

A phrase is group of word acting as single part of speech and not containing

both a subject and verb, a part of a sentence and does not express a complete thought

(grammar.uoregon.edu/phrases)

a) saya harus check in besok di Bali hotel. (I must check in at Bali’s hotel

tomorrow).

. In other word, phrase is a group of words that go

together but do not build a complete sentence. For examples: check in, so beautiful,

debt collector, off air, inner beauty, etc. here some of code mixing in English and

Indonesia language in phrase:

b) hari ini kamu terlihat so beautiful. (today, you look so beautiful).

c) Takut di teror debt collector kartu kredit. (Afraid with debt collector of kredit

card).

The examples above it can be seen that phrase check in, so beautiful, debt

collector are taken from English and they are mixed in Indonesia language as

component language of phrase

2.4.3 Clause

Clause is a group of related words containing a subject and verb

(grammar.ueregon.edu/clause). A clause consists of subject and predicate. The

subject is typically a noun phrase, though other kinds of phrase (such as gerund

phrase) work as well, and some languages allow subjects to be omitted. The

predicate is a finite verb phrase: a finite verb together with zero or more objects, zero

or more complement, and zero or more adverbials. Clause in general classified as

(31)

sentence. It can stand alone by itself or make sense by itself. While a dependent

clause it the subordinate idea of sentence. It must be combined with an independent

clause in other to be a part of sentence. It is also created by a subordinating

conjunction. Another of dependent clause is subordinate clause.

For example: Lady Gaga’s concert was cancelled because she was sick. Lady

Gaga’s concert was cancelled is independent clause. Because she was sick is dependent clause.

Here some examples of code mixing in English and Indonesia language in

clause:

a) lihat dirimu, you are so beautiful (And look yourself, you are so beautiful.)

b) Maksud aku, it happens by natural. (My mean, it happens be natural).

c) Have a great day, sampai jumpa lagi, (have a great day, see you later).

d) Saya masih biasa turun di jalan dan mengucapkan goodbye forever.(I am still

usual down to street and say goodbye forever).

The examples above it can be seen in the sentences that you are so beautiul, it

happens by natural, have a great day, good bye forever are taken from English and

they are mixed in Indonesia language as component language of clause.

2.4.4 Sentence

Based on the meaning, a sentence is a ‘complete though’ by seeing or nearing

(32)

Here are some examples of code mixing in English and Indonesian language

in sentence:

a) Aku bosan dengan dia. It’s time to find the right man. Now! (I’m bored with him.

It’s time to find the right man. Now!).

b) You are really beautiful in black and white!. Ia mengulurkan lehernya. (you are

really beautiful in black and white!. She reached her neck).

c) Saya Arintha mohon diri dari kamu-kamu. Be smart and fanny, girls. See you

tomorrow…! (I am Arintha leave of you, be smart and fanny girls. See you

tomorrow).

2.5 Novel

From Indonesian Wikipedia explained that the novel is a work of prose

fiction and narrative written, usually in story form. The novel is longer (at least

40,000 words) and more complex than short stories, and not limited structural

constraints and metrical plays or poems. Generally, the novel tells the story of the

characters and their behavior in everyday life, with emphasis on the odd sides of the

narrative. And contains the story of life, an intrinsic element, element extrinsic, and

have values such as the value of social norm, values ethic.

Limitation or definition that they give different points of view the definition, among

other, according to experts in the field is as follows:

http://definisi-pengertian.blogspot.com/2010/11/pengertian-novel.html

1) The novel is the most popular form of literature in the world. This literary form

most widely printed and circulated most widely, because of the broad community to

(33)

2) The novel is a literary form in which there is the cultural values of social, moral,

and education (Dr. Nurhadi, Dr. Dawud, Dra. Yuni Pratiwi, M Ed, Dra. Abdul Roni,

M.Pd).

3) The novel is a literary work that has two elements: a retreat of intrinsic and

extrinsic elements that are related because both are very influential in the presence of

a literary work (Drs. Rostamaji,M Ed, Agus Priantoro,S.Pd).

4) The novel is a prose literary form that has intrinsic elements (Paul Tukam, S.Pd).

5) In Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) (1995: 694) explained that the novel is

a long prose contains a series of one's life story with those around him to accentuate

(34)

CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

This study was conducted by using library research in which a number of

books about linguistics, sociolinguistic, and code choice. As Nawawi (in Ginting,

2012:22) says “Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan menghimpun data dari

berbagai literature baik diperpustakaan maupun ditempat-tempat lain”. (Library

research is carried out by accumulating all the data from various literatures either in

library or in other places).

This study is intended to analyze the components of language used in code

mixing, to find out the component of language which is dominantly used in code

mixing found in the novel story and to find out the reason why character in the novel

use many code mixing.

3.2 Data and Source of Data

The subject of the study is types of code mixing which was used in

Indonesian novel “Rantau 1 Muara” by Ahmad Fuadi. The source of data was taken

from chapters of Rantau 1 Muara’s novel. It has 46 chapters and it is used as the

population. Then the sample was taken randomly. Here are the chapters of Rantau 1

Muara’s novel will be used as the sample: chapter 7, 10, 12, 16, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25,

26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 45, and chapter 46. However, the data is

(35)

3.3 Technique of Collecting Data

The data of this research were taken the Indonesia novel Ahmad Fuadi’s

novel “Rantau 1 Muara” was publish PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jakarta, 2013.

Kompas Gramedia. The data will be taken randomly which is representative from all

the chapters in the novel and there are 23 chapters.

There are some ways to get the data:

1) Collecting whole of the sample of chapters in the novel

2) Identifying 23 of 46 chapters from whole the classes which is

representative

3) Finding out the code mixing that used

4) Tabulating data in to the table

3.4 Technique of Analyzing Data

After collecting all the data which was needed for the continuity of the

research, next step was to analyze the collected data. To analyze the data, some steps

were taken as the following:

1) Writing all the utterances of 23 chapters in Rantau 1 Muara’s novel

2) Underline the code mixing that were found in Indonesian novel “Rantau 1

Muara”

3) Identifying the words, phrase, clause and sentences which belong to

code-mixing found in Rantau 1 Muara’s novel

(36)

n = X100% N

FX

Where:

N : total frequency of code mixing in percent

Fx : total code mixing frequency of the sub-categories

100% : standard percentage

N : Total all code mixing categories

5) Drawing some calculations based on the results of analysis

6) Analyzing the reasons of the speaker used code mixing in Rantau 1

(37)

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1

Analysis

The data for this research was collected from the Indonesian novel “Rantau 1

Muara” by Ahmad Fuadi was published by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jakarta,

2013. Kompas Gramedia. There are 46 chapters, but data will be taken randomly

which is representative from all the chapters in the novel and there are 23 chapters.

The data were limited only on code mixing in English and Indonesia language in this

story of “Rantau 1 Muara” novel. So, the data used in this study are 358 utterances of

code mixing in word, phrase, clause and sentence.

N O

Chapter Code Mixing Total

Word Phrase Clause Sentence

(38)

15 34 8 7 - 1 16

16 35 2 5 1 - 8

17 36 13 14 - - 27

18 37 6 11 - 1 18

19 38 13 4 1 2 20

20 39 7 8 - 3 18

21 43 8 2 - 2 12

22 45 10 8 - 2 20

23 46 4 9 - 1 14

TOTAL 358

The data which analyzed based on components of language which consist of

word, phrase, clause, and sentence. The following are the examples of code mixing

based on component of language about 10% from the all of data and all data can be

seen in appendixes. Some of the data can be shown as follows:

1) Code Mixing of Word

1) Dia mengangsurkan sebuah kertas yang di-laminating berukuran sedikit

lebih besar dari kartu nama (Chap. 7)

2) “kalau kita berhak ikut meeting dengan semua petinggi di ruang rapat,

kita berhak juga tidur bersama di lantai ruang rapat itu,” katanya.

(Chap.10)

3) Kalau aku sekarang kan tergantung bagaimana angle yang diinginkan dari

kantor pusat diluar sana (Chap. 12)

4) Kepalanya mengangguk-angguk sendiri dengan headphone menyumpal

(39)

5) Begitu draft selesai, aku taruh di bawah bantal dan besok pagi aku ati

membaca ulang isinya. (Chap. 18)

6) “Oke. Deal. Kalo MU menang, deadline saya besok pagi. Semua reporter

di ruangan ini jadi saksinya ya?” (Chap. 21)

7) Sayup-sayup yang terdengar Cuma keriuhan newsroom seperti biasa.

(Chap. 23)

8) Mobil ini penyok di bumper depan… (Chap. 24)

9) Profesinya juga beragam, ada pelajar tulen, ada lawyer, pegawai

perusahaan iklan , bahkan ada seorang ibu yang sudah berumur paling

tidak di atas 50 tahun. (Chap. 25)

10) Dia pernah bekerja beberapa bulan di cruise yang berlayar ke Amerika

dan Karibia. (Chap. 26)

11) “Maaf saya sedang chatting dengan seorang peneliti di Jakarta.”

(Chap.27)

12) Mama jagoan diplomasi dan bisa bikin semua orang happy. (Chap. 28)

13) “Apaan tuh. Nggak ngerti, jangan roaming ya,” protes Dinara. (Chap.31)

14) Sekarang menganggur dan hanya dapat uang dari abang. Rasanya

helpless. (Chap. 32)

15) Melalui Dinara, aku kerap meminjam buku-buku referensi terbaru untuk

paper-ku. (Chap. 34)

16) Sepertinya Mas Garuda sedang mood untuk curhat berlama-lama.

(40)

17) Tom juga mendukung kami untuk mengambil kursus professional untuk

menambah skill kami. (Chap. 36)

18) Pernah sabtu shubuh, begitu kepala kami muncul dari balik converter

yang hangat, aku dikejutkan oleh Dinara yang tiba-tiba langsung duduk.

(Chap. 37)

19) “Sudah waktunya, saya benar-benar akan pulang Lif. Tiket untuk flight

bulan depan sudah di tangan. Legaaaaa….,” tulis Mas Garuda di kolom

chatting. (Chap. 38)

20) “Bang, jangan ngebut-ngebut. Jangan sampai kita malah kecelakaan atau

malah kena tilang karena speeding,”katanya. (Chap. 39)

21) “Bayangkan foto ini jadi cover CD atau poster film, jadi

kenang-kenangan kita buat anak cucu…” (Chap. 43)

22) Aku bolak-balik booklet yang disertakan di dalam amplop. (Chap. 45)

23) Bahkan Tom saja sampai membawa sepiring cookies yang masih hangat

hasil panggangan istrinya. (Chap. 46)

Analysis:

From the utterances above, some bold utterances from the novel above is

found as a word of English which show code mixing in English Indonesia

language. The utterances such as; laminating, meeting, angle, headphone,

(41)

utterances are the word taken from English mixing in Indonesia language as

Tom juga mendukung kami untuk mengambil kursus professional untuk

menambah……kami, Pernah sabtu shubuh, begitu kepala kami muncul dari

balik…….yang hangat, aku dikejutkan oleh Dinara yang tiba-tiba langsung

duduk.

2) Code Mixing of Phrase

1) Baru menghadapi debt collector kemarin saja aku sudah pucat, (Chap. 7)

2) Ini dia yang namanya top secret. (Chap. 10)

3) Tidak ada ladies first, apalagi pak bos duluan. (Chap.12)

4) Menjadi wartawan adalah pilihan hatinya, karena sebenarnya dia sudah

mendapat job offer untuk bekerja menjadi staf PR di perusahaan

multinasional. (Chap. 16)

5) Tuition fee yang mencapai puluhan ribu dolar pertahun jelas tidak akan bisa aku jangkau… (Chap. 18)

6) Bola lambung itu disambut dengan tendangan first time yang lemah oleh

Ryan gigs. (Chap. 21)

7) Dari balik pintu kaca ruang check in, aku melambai-lambaikan tangan

kepada rombongan seheboh grup sirkus India. (Chap. 23)

8) Sore itu, aku check out dari hotel dan memindahkan semua koperku ke

mobil boks Mas Garuda yang datang menjemputku. (Chap.24)

9) “Maaf Lif, boleh tolong bawa nasi ke meja makan di sana,” katanya

(42)

10) Di pertemuan muara anak sungai Rock Creek dan Sungai Potomac

berdiri Thompson Boat Center, boat house yang menyewakan kano untuk

umum. (Chap. 26)

11) Untuk urusan mampu menghidupi, aku yakin kalau aku bekerja part

time, maka pendapatan dan beasiswaku akan cukup untuk makan berdua. (chap. 27)

12) Lagipula aku sudah menyiapkan calling card terbaik di Chinatown

dengan pulsa terbanyak. (Chap. 28)

13) “Bang, biar masak rendang dagingnya cepat lembut, sama biar cepat

bikin sop buntut, kita perlu beli pressure cook. Dinara sudah cek

harganya di internet. Nih,” katanya memperlihatkan website di Wal-Mart.

(Chap. 31)

14) …Dinara sudah bekerja di radio kampus , jadi liaison officer, jadi punya

uang sendiri. (Chap. 32)

15) Dan dalam hitungan hari saja dia sudah diterima bekerja sebagai book

seller di salah satu took buku terbesar di dunia, Borders. (Chap. 340 16) Dinara langsung ditawari posisi full time. (Chap. 35)

17) Sebagai pemegang media pass, aku dan Dinara bebas memilih tempat

duduk di Media Section bahkan boleh menempati lokasi di pinggir garis

lapangan. (Chap. 36)

18) Mungkin dia diberkati photographic memory seperti yang dipunyai

(43)

19) “Awas jangan langsung pulang aja ya, kita bikin dulu farewell party di

DC, Mas.” (Chap. 38)

20) Diana akhirnya melengos karena tidak bisa juga menghalangi kami dan

dia kembali sibuk mengecek sound system. (Chap. 46)

Analysis:

The utterances above is found as phrase of English in bold. The utterances such

as, debt collector, top secret, ladies first, job offer, tuition fee, first time, check

in, check out, rice cooker, boat house, part time, calling card, pressure cook, liaison officer, book seller, full time, media pass, photographic memory, farewell party, and sound system are the code mixing of phrase because these utterances are the phrase taken from English mixing in Indonesia language as,

Mungkin dia diberkati ……….seperti yang dipunyai Baso, “Awas jangan

langsung pulang aja ya, kita bikin dulu …….. di DC, Mas.”

3) Code Mixing of Clause

1) “Hei, why so serious!” tiba-tiba Mas Malaka yang dari tadi diam

berteriak nyaring…. (Chap. 7)

2) “Nggak apa-apa, I am happy for you. Begitu abang lulus nanti juga bisa

full time. Kita bisa kerja bareng,” balasku untuk menenangkannya, walau

dihatiku terselip sekilas rasa iri. (Chap. 35)

(44)

From the utterances above, the statement started in Indonesia, than continues in

English or started in English and continues in Indonesia. The utterances such as why

so serious and I am happy for you are the code mixing of clause because these utterances are taken from English mixing in Indonesia language as, “Nggak

apa-apa………Begitu abang lulus nanti juga bisa full time. Kita bisa kerja bareng,”

balasku untuk menenangkannya, walau dihatiku terselip sekilas rasa iri.

4) Code Mixing of Sentence

1) Suatu kali aku ditelpon Belle. “Hey, let’s get together at Menteng Tavern

this Thursday. Ngobrol-ngobrol sama jurnalis asing lain.”. (Chap. 12)

2) “percaya atau tidak, ini pertanyaan gue setiap pagi ketika bangun tidur.

What is the purpose of my life….” (Chap. 16)

3) Tapi aku paksakan menyelesaikan satu bab latihan TOEFL lagi. I have to

go the extra mile. (Chap. 18)

4) Aku tetap harus menanyakan ini dengan jelas. I am not a mind reader.

(Chap. 23)

5) “Mas terima kassih sudah mengurus aku yang sakit. I owe you,” kataku

ketika dia akhirnya berangkat kerja kesiangan. (Chap. 28)

6) “hadiahnya: we are going home for good.” (Chap. 43)

7) I know you have made your mind. Tapi kenapa tidak mencoba dulu. (Chap. 45)

(45)

Analysis:

From the utterances above, the statement started in Indonesia, than continues in

English or started in English and continues in Indonesia. Some bold utterances are

English, the utterances such as, Hey, let’s get together at Menteng Tavern this

Thursday, What is the purpose of my life, I have to go the extra mile, I am not a mind reader, I owe you, we are going home for good, I know you have made your mind, and I appreciate your decision are the code mixing of sentence because those utterances are taken from English and Indonesia language.

4.2

Finding

The data were analyzed based on components of language which consist of

Word, Phrase, Clause, and Sentence. From the research , the percentages of code

mixing from chapters of novel shown on tables are:

Table 4.2.1 Chapter 7

NO COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE

NUMBER OF CODE MIXING

PERCENTAGE

1 Word 6 50 %

2 Phrase 5 41,7 %

3 Clause 1 8,3 %

4 Sentence 0 0 %

(46)

(47)

(48)

(49)

(50)

(51)

NO COMPONENTS OF

(52)

(53)

From all the data of code mixing in the appendixes, the percentages of each

component of language in code mixing is drawn as following;

Table 4.2.24

The Classification of Components of Language In Code

Mixing and the Percentage

The table 4.2.24 above shows that code mixing in word is 176 (49,2 %), than

code mixing in phrase is 146 (40,8 %), code mixing in clause 5(1,4 %), and

following by code mixing in sentence is 31(8,6) %.

(54)

1) There are 358 utterances of code mixing in Rantau 1 Muara novel by

Ahmad Fuadi that one analyzed based on the components of language

namely word, phrase, clause and sentence.

2) The most dominantly occurred was in word (49,2%) then followed by

phrase (40,8%), clause (1,4%), and sentence (8,6%).

The reason of the writer using code mixing in this novel based on

Breadsmore theory are:

1) Bilingualism

The writer of this novel, Ahmad Fuadi is bilingualism. He speaks more than

language. In Rantau 1 Muara Novel, he makes the characters in that novel mixing

their language. Sometimes Indonesian-Minang, Indonesian-Arabian, and most often

is English-Indonesia.

“Seandainya ayah ado di siko,” kata Amak berbisik dengan suara tertahan, ketika aku mencium tangan Amak. “Iyo, seandainya ada Ayah,” kataku dengan suara tercekat. (Chapter 31, 271)

“Ambo merasa telah banyak belajar dari melihat negeri orang. Seperti kata pepatah Minang, jauah bajalan banyak diliek,lamo hiduik banyak di raso….” (Chapter 41,363)

Raja saling bepandangan dengan istrinya, lalu dengan muka cerah menjawab,” Ruju ala dawam. Pulang kampunglah aku.” (Chapter 43,374)

There is no speaker and partner speaking factor because this is not direct

(55)

It is shown by the characters when they are in America. In that country,

English is their formal language. When Alif and her wife live in that country, they

must speak English to make some people around them understand what they mean.

But in that country, they also meet some people from Indonesia and makes them

sometimes mix their language into Indonesia-English.

5) Situations

Usually code mixing occurs in relax or informal situation. This situation is

closer with daily conversation and for writers is also describe as their habitual

communication.

It is shown by the writer of this novel in using informal language. The

characters in this novel talk with some people using the informal words such as udah

deh, kalo, nggak, kayak, hallowwwww?”Anybody there?”, etc.

6) Vocabulary

There is not appropriate word or when there is a lack of vocabulary in one

language. The inability to find an appropriate word or expression in one language

makes people change the word or phrase from one to another language and it can be

combined together. In this novel, we find so many words that there is not appropriate

word in Indonesia language. So the writer in this novel using English word to say it.

For example; debt collector, deadline, laminating, newsroom, doorprize, update,

check in, check out, etc. The aim of using those word is to make the reader more

understand.

(56)

Globalization era has lead people to be able speak more than one language,

especially English. For many young people code mixing becomes awn style which is

hoped to be modern and educational one. They mix language because of prestige.

Ahmad Fuadi mixes his language Bahasa Indonesia into English or other language in

his novel to show to the reader that actually he has a good education and good

experience background by showing himself to be very fluently speaking in English.

This also make the novel be more interesting and easy to read. As evidence, here are

some comments from the readers that showing the prestige of this novel:

1) Amazing! Ini baru penutup serial cerita yang 'WAH'. Di buku pertama saya kurang begitu menikmati cerita, namun makin lama semakin mantap Bang Fuadi menyajikan tulisannya.

Buku ini menyajikan hal luar biasa, yaitu tentang sebuah visi dan menjadi seorang visioner. Saya suka buku ini walaupun banyak teman saya (muslim) yang begitu antipati terhadap buku ini karena masalah 'prinsip'. Jadi, kita buang saja masalah 'prinsip' dalam hal ini karena harus harus obyektif dalam memberikan penilaian.

Dalam buku ini kita dipancing untuk menjadi Muslim yang keren, untuk tidak menjadi Muslim yang bodoh, yang tidak punya pandangan tentang kemajuan. No no no, Islam tidak begitu. Justru Islam mengaharuskan pemeluknya untuk berilmu dengan luar biasa. Dan inilah saya dapatkan dari cerita ini. Muslim juga bisa cerdas, bisa mahir bahasa Inggris, bisa menjamah dunia, dan mengenalkan pada dunia bahwa "We are Muslim!". Buku ini benar-benar luar biasa untuk memacu semangat pemuda Islam untuk jangan memble, jadilah cerdas dan luar bisa seperti Alif Fikri dan kawan-kawan lainnya. (Bayu Sadewo in

2) bagus buku ini. saya jadi semakin termotivasi untuk mencari pekerjaan dan berburu beasiswa :)

apalagi buku ini saya baca ketika baru saja selesai skripsi.

Semoga bacaan ini juga dapat menginspirasi para pemuda indonesia lainnya untuk melanjutkan masa depan dan berkontribusi bagi masa depan bangsa :)

(57)

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1

Conclusion

After analyzing all the data in thesis, the conclusion can be drawn, as in the

following:

1) The number of utterances of code mixing in components language is 358,

which was found 23 chapters from 46 chapters on the Rantau 1 Muara novel.

There are four components of language found in Rantau 1 Muara novel by

Ahmad Fuadi and the result of the percentages of code mixing in word 49,2%

which was followed by phrase 40,8 %, clause 1,4 % and sentence 8,6 %.

2) The most dominant components of language used in code mixing on Rantau

1 Muara novel by Ahmad Fuadi is Word (49,2 %).

3) The reason of the speaker used code mixing is caused by some points of

Breadsmore’s theory, they are:

a) Bilingualism

The writer of this novel, Ahmad Fuadi is bilingualism. He speaks more than

(58)

There is no speaker and partner speaking factor because this is not direct

conversation.

It is shown by the characters when they are in America. In that country,

English is their formal language. But in that country, they also meet some

people from Indonesia. It makes them sometimes mix their language into

Indonesian-English or English-Indonesian.

4)Situations

It is shown by the writer of this novel in using informal language. The

characters in this novel talk with some people using the informal words such

as udah deh, kalo, nggak, kayak, etc.

5) Vocabulary

In this novel, we find so many words that there is not appropriate word in

Indonesia language. So the writer in this novel using English word to say it.

For example; debt collector, deadline, laminating, newsroom, doorprize,

update, check in, check out, etc. The aim of using those word are to make the

reader more understand.

6) Prestige

Ahmad Fuadi mixes his language Bahasa Indonesia into English or other

language in his novel to show to the reader that actually he has a good

(59)

fluently speaking in English. This also make the novel be more interesting

and easy to read.

Based on the results above, it can be seen that code mixing of word is the

most dominant component of language is used code mixing in Rantau 1 Muara novel

by Ahmad Fuadi, code mixing of clause is less dominant of code mixing and the

component of language which are used in code mixing in Rantau 1 Muara novel is

code mixing word, phrase, clause and sentence. The reason of the writer use many

code mixing in this novel are based on bilingualism factor, social community,

(60)

5.2

Suggestion

Related to the conclusion above, the suggestions are formulated as the

following:

1) It is suggested to the students of English literature to analyze code mixing

which are happen in Indonesia. It is because code mixing is happen in

Indonesia that has varieties and shown in many aspects, hopefully the

vocabulary of the readers can be added.

2) It is suggested to conduct further research above code mixing using other

media such as magazine, newspaper, television, internet and many others in

different ways to give a valuable contribution for people in understanding the

use of code mixing among bilingual societies.

3) We do need an action to minimize the birth of pidginized Bahasa Indonesia

by maintaining the existence of standar Bahasa Indonesia for it is our national

language. It is suggeste for us to use Bahasa Indonesia in a good and right

manner without mixing it with another language. In other words, let us use

(61)

REFERENCES

Chaer, Abdul. 2010. Sosiolinguistik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Fasold,R.1990. The Sociolinguistics of Language.USA: Basil Blackwell Inc

Fuadi, Ahmad. 2013. Rantau 1 Muara. Jakarta: Pt Gramedia.

Ginting, Ellin. 2012. An analysis of the Code-Mixing found in “cewek matre” novel.

Thesis, Medan: English Department, Faculty of Language and Arts, State

University of Medan.

Holmes, J. 2001. An Introduction to sociolinguistics (Second Edition). London:

Oxford University Press.

Hymes, Dell. 1974. Foundation in sociolinguistics. Philadelphia: The University of

Pennsylvania Press LTD.

Jendra,Made Iwan Indrawan. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

Mahsun, Dr. 2006. Metode Penelitian Bahasa. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Nababan, P.W.J. 1984. Sosiolinguistik. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Pride, J.B. and Janet Holmes. 1979. Sociolinguistics. Auckland: Penguin.

Rahardi,Kunjana. 2009. Sosiopragmatik. Jakarta:Erlangga.

(62)

Simanjuntak, Mangantar. 1987. Pengantar Psikolinguistik Modern. Kuala Lumpur:

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Kementerian pelajaran Malaysia

Wardaugh,Ronal. 1998. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic Third Edition.

Massachussetts: Blackwell Publisher Inc.

at 21:31 a.m)

(accessed on 19 september 2013 at 22.55 a.m)

(63)

APENDIX

Chapter 7

1. Bulan lalu pihak manajemen perusahaan memberikan golden shakehand. 45

2. Ini block note untuk liputan. 48

3. Dia mengangsurkan sebuah kertas yang di-laminating berukuran sedikit lebih

besar dari kartu nama.48

4. Baru menghadapi debt collector kemarin saja aku sudah pucat, 49

5. Sambil pura-pura menulis di block note-ku, aku tajamkan pendengaran

mengikuti obrolan mereka. 49

6. Mas Aji bersama timnya terus melawan dengan menjelma menjadi media

underground. 51

7. Derap menjadi media pertama yang terbit online. 51

8. Konon mas Aji dan Mas Malaka ini dynamic duo dalam memimpin tim

Derap ketka bergerak dibawah tanah. 52

9. “Hei, why so serious!” tiba-tiba Mas Malaka yang dari tadi diam berteriak

nyaring…. 54

10.Kita bikin konser unplugged. 55

11.Inisial nama kalian juga nanti akan sering dipakai sebagai byline. 55

12.…dan tentu saja newsroom, tempat kami para wartawan nanti akan bekerja.

56

An Analysis Of Code Mixing Found In Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel “Rantau 1 Muara&quot;

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Analysis

Finding

The Classification of Components of Language In Code

Mixing and the Percentage

Conclusion

Suggestion

An Analysis Of Code Mixing Found In Ahmad Fuadi’s Novel “Rantau 1 Muara"