Jurnal Sains Kimia
Vol. 7, No.1, 2003: 26-27
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THE ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACID COMPONENTS IN THE SEEDS OF
SWIETENIA MAHOGANY JACQ
Harlem Marpaung
Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sumatera Utara
Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Medan 20155
Abstract
The analysis of fatty acid components in the seeds of Swietenia mahogany JACQ has been carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique (GC-MS). The results of analysis show the fatty acid components of the oil, are methyl palmitate (18,50%), methyl linoleate (30,55%), methyl oleate (30,66%), methyl stearate (17,42%), methyl arachidate (2,3%), and methyl behenate(0,54%).
Keyword : fatty acid, Swietenia mahogany JACQ and GC-MS.
INTRODUCTION
The seeds of Swietenia mahogany JAQC are used for treatment of hypertension, malaria and flatulence as a traditional medicine in Indonesia (Syamsuhidayat, S. S, Hutapea, J. R, 1991) the chemical investigation of the seeds has been carried out by Kodata (1990) who reported the isolation and structure elucidation of new tetranortriterpenoids. Among these, several compounds were found to be biologically active. In addition to these new compounds it was found an oil in the extract of the seeds which its fatty acid composition unknown.
The main objective of this study is to determine fatty acid composition of the oil with GC-MS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seeds of mahogany were collected and dried. All Chemicals used were analytical or chromatography grade obtained from Merck or Ayax Chemicals Ltd.
Methanolic potassium hyroxide was made by dissolving 11,2 g of potassium hydroxide in 100 ml of methanol containing not more than 0,5 % (m/m) of water (Paquot, C., and Hautfenne, A., 1987).
GC-MS
The Analysis of Fatty Acid Components In The Seeds (Harlem Marpaung)
27 psi. Injection volume was 0,2 µL. The MS
ion source was 70 eV.
EXTRACTION
One kilogram of the seeds cotyledon part was extracted with 600 ml of ether three times (one day each) at room temperature as descrided by Kodata (2). The combined ether extracts were concentrated on a water bath and were filtered to separate a crystallive substance. The ethereal filtrate was left one day and then were filtered again to separate an amorphous precipitate.
Then, the mother liquor was consentrated to give a yellow oily residue (ca. 54 g). There grams of this oil was furthe passed through a silica column and the column was eluted with
benzene. The elute was collected and evaporated to give and oil (ca. 2g).
The esterification was carried out according to standart methods (Porim, 1983) 0,3 g of the oil mixed with 10 ml of heptana in a test tube. Then, 0,5 ml of methanolic potassium was added and the contents of tube was mixed until the solution becomes clear. This take about 20 seconds, Almost inmediately this solution becomes turbid due to the separation of glycerol which settle quickly. Then, the upper layer containing the methyl ester was decanted, and 0,2 µL of the
methyl ester was injected into GC-MS.
RESULTS AND DISCUCCION
The retention time showed in table 1:
Table 1 : Retension Times anf Areas of Peaks of TIC Chromatogram of Methyl Esters
Ret Time Type Area Hight Area (%) Ratio (%)
Tabel 2. Methyl Ester of fatty acid components of the oil. Methyl Palmitic
Methyl Linoleic Methyl Oleic Methyl Steareic Methyl Arakideic Methyl Behenat
38,9
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Vol. 7, No.1, 2003: 26-27
28
REFERENCES
Syamsuhidayat, S. S, Hutapea, J. R, 1991,
Indonesian Medicinal Plants Inventory I.
Health Departement RI, Health Research and Development Board, Jakarta, pp 554 – 555.
Kodata, S, L. Marpaung, Kikuchi. T., and Ekimoto, H., 1990, Constituents of Seeds of Swietenia Mahogani JAQC I Chem.
Pharm. Bull. ,38(3) 639-651.
Paquot, C., and Hautfenne, A., 1987, Standard Methods for the analysis of Oils, Fat and
Derivatives, 7 th Revised and Enlarged
Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford-London-Edinburgh.
Porim, 1983, Porim test methods for Palm Oils
and Palm Oil Products; Palm Oil
Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
