Masyarakat Dan Perkebunan , Studi Mengenai Sengketa Pertanahan Antara Masyarakat Versus PTPN-II Dan PTPN-III Di Sumatera Utara (Community And Plantations: A Study Of Land Dispute Between Community Versus PTPN-II And PTPN-III In North Sumatera

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Judul Disertasi

Nama

Nomor Pokok

Program Studi

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

MASYARAKAT DAN PERKEBUNAN : STUDI

MENGENAI

SENGKETA

PERTANAHAN

ANTARA MASYARAKAT

VERSUS

PTPN-II

DAN

PTPN-III

Dl

SUMATERA

UTARA

(Community and Plantations: A Study of

Land

Dispute

Between

Community

Versus

PTPN-H

and PTPN-m

in

North

Sumatra)

Syafruddin Kalo

993301009

I1muHukum

Menyetujui

Komisi Pembimbing

Prof. Erman Rajagukgnk, SH.LLM.PhD

Promotor

Prof. Dr. Mariam Darns Badrulzaman, SH

Prof. Muhammad Abduh, SH

Co-Promotor

Ketua Program Studi S3 Ilmu Hukum

Direktur Program Pascasarjana

Prof. Dr. M. Solly Lubis, SH

Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumono, MS

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INTISARI

Sengketa antara Masyarakat versus Perkebunan seeara historis telah terjadi

sejak zaman Kolonial, ketika dimulainya eksploitasi dan investasi modal seeara

besar-besaran oleh pengusaha onderneming Belanda di Sumatera Timur. Secara

priodik terjadi sengketa berkisar tentang penyewaan tanah hak ulayat masyarakat

yang disewakan oleh Sultan kepada pihak

ondememing. Masyarakat telah

kehilangan hak untuk rnengolah dan bereoeok tanam serta memungut basil hutan

di atas hak ulayat mereka, yang telah dijadikan perkebunan.

Setelah Indonesia Merdeka (1945) sengketa berlanjut sampai RIS, KMB,

kembali ke NKRI hingga masa Nasionalisasi Perkebunan Belanda di Indonesia

dan seterusnya pada masa Pemerintahan Orde Baru dan Reformasi. Sengketa

semakin berkembang karena dipieu oleh faktor-faktor sosial, ekonomi dan politik.

Upaya penyelesaian sengketa telah dilakukan oleh Pihak Pemerintah, namun tidak

pernah selesai seeara tuntas dan berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Walaupun telah dilahirkan beberapa peraturan

perundang-undangan

sebagai instrument untuk mengatasi konflik, tetapi kesemua peraturan itu tidak

berjalan secara efektif, akibatuya konflik tidak dapat dise1esaikan dan berlanjut

sampai saat ini.

Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, diadakan penelitian untuk mengkaji

faktor-faktor penyebab konflik, kenapa konflik sukar dise1esaikan dan selalu

muneul

kembali, juga mengkaji

bagaimana kedudukan

hak

ulayat

serta

bagaimana solusi untuk menyelesaikan konflik tersebut.

Penelitian ini adalah merupakan penelitian

Hukum Normatif, dengan

pendekatan Kualitattf; dititik beratkan pada studi perpustakaan untuk memperoleh

data primer dan sekunder. Peroleban data ini dimulai dari masa lalu sampai

sekarang dan dilengkapi dengan diskripsi dan analisa kasus yang terjadi antara

Masyarakat versus Perkebunan PTPN-ll dan III.

Basil penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya

sengketa pertanahan antara Masyarakat versus PTPN-ll dan III tidak dapat

dilepaskan dari Iatar belakang historis, adanya konflik kepentingan antara

pengusaha perkebunan, masyarakat dan pemerintah. Tidak efektifnya hukum yang

berlaku dan penyelesaian konflik selalu dilakukan dengan pendekatan politik dan

kekuasaan, meskipun dalam prakteknya ada dilakukan musyawarah, tetapi

musyawarah berlangsung seeara tidak seimbang rakyat tetap berada dalam posisi

runding

(bargening position) yang lemah, sehingga walaupun konflik dapat

diselesaikan, namun konflik itu akan muneul kembali.

Disarankan agardiadakan reformasi UUPA, Pemerintah harus bersikap

netral dalam menyelesaikan sengketa, melakukan penelitian terhadap hak ulayat

dan dilakukan penyelesaian seeara musyawarah dilaksanakan dengan negosiasi.

Pemerintah hams bertindak sebagai fasilitator bukan sebagai mediator dan

sebagai upaya terakhir diselesaikan melalui Pengadilan.

Kata Kunci

1. Masyarakat dan Perkebunan.

2. Pertentangan Kepentingan Antara Masyarakat, Perkebunan dan Pemerintah.

3. Sengketa Pertanahan Antara Masyarakat Versus Perkebunan.

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ABSTRACT

Historically, disputes between community against plantations have

occurred since the era of colonialism, that was when the global exploitation and

capital investment by Holland

Ondememing

capitalists started. Periodically,

disputes also happen dealing with rental land of community territorial rights

(tanah ulayat rakyat)

by the

Sultan -

on behalf of the people - to the

Onderneming.

People lost the rights to cultivate, plant, and harvest their territorial

land which has become plantations.

After the Indonesian independence (1945), conflicts still went on until the

period of

RIS, KMB, returning to NKRI,

period of Nationalization of Holland

Plantations in Indonesia, New Order Goverment

(Pemerintah

OREA),

and up to

the Reform Era

(Era Reformasii.

Disputes have been geared by social,

economical, and political factors. Although dispute resolution has been made by

the government, yet it is still difficult to find appropriate solution.

Indonesian government has issued several Laws dan Regulations as

instruments to overcome conflicts, but those instruments may not be applied

effectively.

Based on the above explanation, this research is expected to study factors

of disputes, why it is difficult to overcome the disputes, and also to study the

position of community territorial land, as well as advice of solution against the

disputes.

This research is based on

Normative Law,

having qualitative approach,

which is basically based on library research to find primary and secondary

resources. The data have been collected in such a way from the period of

colonialism, enriched with description and case analysis happening between

community versus PTPN-II and PTPN-III (State-Owned Plantations).

The research finding indicates that main factors causing disputes of land

between community versus PTPN-II and PTPN-III may not be separated from

historical background, that is the existence of conflict of interest among

plantation capitalists, community, and government. Solution in overcoming

conflicts may never be effective for some reasons, such as the ineffective law, the

existence of political approach and government power. Although the government

has engaged in deliberations to reach agreement with the community, yet

community remains to

be

positioned in a weak bargaining position, so that the

conflicts which have been overcome tend to appear again.

It is suggested to reform UUPA (Agrarian Law), and the government

has

to

be neutral in overcoming disputes, conduct studies related to community

territorial land, and conduct negotiation with the community of conflict area. The

government has to act as facilitator, and not as mediator, and all disputes are

likely to be finished in court.

KeyWords:

1.

Community and Plantations.

2. Conflicts ofInterest Among Community, Plantations, and Government.

3. Disputes of Land Between Community and Plantations.

II

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