DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abidin A. Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia. Dalam : Naskah lengkap 11th Annual Scientific meeting Internal Medicine 2010. Semarang. Badan penerbit USU press. 2010; p. 132-42.
Abraham E. (2000) Coagulation Abnormalities in Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 22:401–4.
Agapakis DI, Tsantilas D, Psarris P, et al. Coagulation and inflammation biomarkers may help predict the severity of community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology. 2010; 15: 796-803.
American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for The Use of InnovativeTherapies in Sepsis. Critical Care Medicine, 1992. Vol 20 no 6.and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System. Deaths: final data. National Vital Statistics Reports, 2011.Vol. 61, No. 6.
Arslan S, Ugurlu S, Bulut G, Akkurt I. The association between plasma d-dimer levels and community-acquired pneumonia. Clinics. 2010;65(6):593-7. Birhasani. Tesis: Kadar D dimer plasma pada penderita sindrom koroner akut dengan
derajat stenosis berbeda. Program pasca sarjana magister Ilmu Biomedik. FK
UNDIP. 2010 [Cited 2011 Mei 18]. Avalaible
from:http://eprints.undip.ac.id/24034/1/B_i_r_h_a_s_a_n_i.pdf
Bockenstedt P (2003). D-Dimer in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med ;349;13:1203-4
Capelastegui A, Espana PP, Quintana JM, Arcitio I, Gorondo I, Egurolla M, et.al. Validation of Predictive Rule for the management of Community Acquired Pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2006; 27: 151-57.
Carol P, Kathryn JG. Alteration of Urinary System. In:Essentials of Pathophysiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003:411
Castro DJ, Rodrıguez EP, Montaner L, Flores J, Nuevo GD. Diagnostic Value of D Dimer in Pulmonary Embolism and Pneumonia. Respiration. 2001;68:371– 75
Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Scally C, Hill AT. Admission D-dimer can identify low-risk patients with community acquired pneumonia. Annals of Emergency Medicine.2009;53:633-8
Crain MC, Opal SM. Clinical review: The role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of communitya cquired pneumonia. Critical Care 2010, 14:203.
Dahlan Z. Pandangan Baru Pneumonia Atipik dan Terapinya. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2000;128: 6.
De Frances CJ, Lucas CA, Buie VC, Golosinskiy A. 2006 National Hospital Discharge Survey. National Health Statistic Reports. 2008;5: 1 – 20.
Dahlan Z. Pneumonia. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata M, Setiati S (editors). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam: Interna Publishing; 2009.
Faranita T, Trisnawati Y, Lubis M (2011). Gangguan Koagulasi pada Sepsis. Sari Pediatri;13(3):226-32.
Güneysel O, Pirmit S, Karakurt S (2004). Plasma d-dimer levels increase with the severity of community acquired pneumonia. Tuberk Toraks; 52:341–7. Kaplan V, Clermont G, Griffin MF, Kasal J, Watson RS, Linde-Zwirble WT, et.al.
Karalezli A, Hasanoglu HC, Kaya S, Babaoglu E, Acikgoz ZC, Kanbay A, et.al. Cut-off value of D-dimer in pulmonary thromboembolism and pneumonia. Turk J Med Sci. 2009; 39 (5): 687-692.
Levi M, Schultz MJ, Rijneveld AW, van der Poll T. Bronchoalveolar coagulation and fibrinolysis in endotoxemia and pneumonia. Cr it Care Med.2003;31:238-42 Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, Hill AT, Jamieson C, Jeune IL, et.al. British
Thoracic Society Guidelines For The Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: update 2009. Thorax. 2009; 64(suppl II): 1 – 55. Milbrandt EB, Reade MC, Lee MJ, Shook SL, Angus DC, Kong L, et al. Prevalence
and Significance of Coagulation Abnormalities in Community-acquired Pneumonia. Molecular medicine. 2009; 15(11-12): 438–445.
Mira JP, Max A, Burgel PR. The Role of Biomarker in Community Acquired Pneumonia: Prediciting Mortality and Response to Adjunctive Therapy. Critical Care. 2008;12(Suppl 6): 1-7.
Mandell LA, Wunderik RG, Arzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, et.al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on The Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. CID. 2007; 44: 27- 72.
Mikaeilli H, Zarghami N, Yazdchi M, Mardani M, Ansarin K. On Admission Level of Serum D-Dimer and the Severity of Community Acquired Pneumonia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2009;12 (6): 514-517.
Muller B, Harbarth S, Stolz D, Bingisser R, Mueller C, Leuppi J, et.al. Diagnostic and Prognostic Accuracy of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Community Acquired Pneumonia. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2007; 7: 1-10. Nayak SB, Sakhamuri MS, Raghunanan B, Allison A, Uppalapati K, Patcha K. The
Purba DB. Kadar Procalcitonin Sebagai Marker dan Hubungannya dengan Derajat keparahan Sepsis (Tesis). Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan; 2010: 32.
Ribelles JMQ, Tenias JM, Grav E, Querol-Borras JM, Climent JL, Gomez E, et.al. Plasma d-dimer levels correlate with outcomes in patient with Community Acquired Pneumonia. Chest. 2004; 126: 1087-92.
Rosner MH, Okusa MD. Pathogenesis and etiology of postischemic acute tubular necrosis. UpToDate 2009. Available from : http:// www.uptodate.com. Saito A, Kohno S, Matsushima T, et al. Prospective Multicenter Study of The
Causative Organisms of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2006;12:63–9.
Shilon Y, Shitrit AB, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM, Margalit M, Sulkes J, et al (2003). A rapid quantitative D-dimer assay at admission correlates with the severity of community acquired pneumonia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis;14:745–8. Shorr AF, Thomas SJ, Alkins SA, Fitzpatrick TM, Ling GS. D-dimer Correlates With
Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients. Chest. 2002;121;1262-1268.
Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Hill AT. Severity Assesment in Community Acquired Pneumonia: a review. QJ med. 2009; 102: 379-88.
Suharto (2011). Sepsis dasar patogenesis dan pemberian obat antimikroba. Dalam: Nasronudin (editor): Penyakit infeksi di Indonesia & solusi kini mendatang. Airlangga University Press: 419-25.
Summary Executive. Pola Penyakit Penyebab Kematian di Indonesia. Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT). 2001: 2.
Wattanathum A, Chaoprasong C, Nunthapisud P, et al (2003). Community-acquired pneumoniae in southeast Asia: the microbial differences between ambulatory and hospitalized patients. Chest; 123:1512-9.
