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POTENSI INTERAKSI OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS DI KOTA MEDAN
ABSTRAK
Hipertensi adalah penyakit yang sering terjadi didunia dan angka kejadiannya cenderung mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Puskesmas merupakan tempat tujuan pertama yang dikunjungi pasien baik untuk pengobatan rawat jalan maupun rawat inap dan juga rujukan untuk ke rumah sakit. Umumnya pasien hipertensi akan mendapatkan pengobatan polifarmasi. Hal ini akan berdampak terjadinya Drug Related Problems dimana salah satunya adalah terjadinya interaksi obat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya potensi interaksi obat antihipertensi, frekuensi potensi interaksi obat, pola mekanisme interaksi, jenis obat antihipertensi yang berinteraksi dan tingkat keparahan interaksi serta hubungan antara potensi interaksi obat dengan usia dan dengan jumlah obat.
Penelitian dilakukan di empat puskesmas di Kota Medan yakni: Puskesmas Medan Deli, Puskesmas Helvetia, Puskesmas Darussalam dan Puskesmas Teladan pada bulan September 2014 - November 2014. Jenis penelitian adalah survei deskriptif Cross Sectional. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan uji Chi-Square pada program SPSS Advanced Statistic 18.0.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 142 lembar resep ditemukan 113 resep yang mengalami kejadian potensi interaksi obat antihipertensi dengan frekuensi potensi interaksi 79,57%. Jenis obat antihipertensi yang paling sering mengalami potensi interaksi adalah Captopril 55% dan Amlodipine 40,71%. Pola mekanisme interaksi yang paling sering terjadi yaitu farmakodinamik (64,29%); tingkat keparahan interaksi yang terjadi yaitu minor (45,71%) dan moderate (37,14%). Faktor yang mempengaruhi potensi interaksi obat antihipertensi adalah jumlah obat (P = 0,002).
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kejadian potensi interaksi obat antihipertensi di puskesmas adalah tinggi dengan pola mekanisme interaksi farmakodinamik. Jenis obat antihipertensi yang paling sering berinteraksi captopril dengan tingkat keparahan minor. Jumlah obat mempengaruhi potensi interaksi.
Kata kunci: Hipertensi, potensi interaksi, frekuensi, obat antihipertensi, faktor pengaruh, puskesmas.
vii
POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS OF ANTYHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENT IN PUBLIC HEALTH CARE
CENTER AT MEDAN
ABSTRACT
Hypertension is a disease that often affects the world and the incidence of hypertension tends to increase from year to year. Public Health Care Center is the first place which visited by patient neither for outpatient nor inpatient and also patient referral to hospital. Generally, hypertensive patients will receive polypharmacy treatment. It will affects the Drug Related Problems where one of them is the occurrence of drug interactions.
This study aimed to determine whether there is potential antihypertensive drug interactions, the frequency of potential antihypertensive drug interaction, the patterns of interaction mechanism, the kinds of antihypertensive drug interactions, severity of interactions and the relationship between potential drug interaction with the age and potential drug interaction with the number of drugs.
The study was conducted in four health centers in city Medan namely: Medan Deli Health Center, Helvetia Health Center, Darussalam Health Center and Teladan Health Center from September 2014 - November 2014. The study was a descriptive cross sectional survey. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square test in SPSS Advanced Statistics 18.0.
The results showed from 142 pieces of prescriptions found 113 piece of prescriptions experience the incidence of potential antihypertensive drug interaction with frequency of interaction potential was 79.57%. The kinds of antihypertensive drug interaction more often occurred was Captopril 55% and Amlodipine 40.71%. The mechanism of interactions more often occurred was pharmacodynamic (64.29%); the severity of interaction more often occured was minor (45.71%) and moderate (37.14%). Factors that affect potential drug interactions of antihypertension drugs is the number of medications (P = 0.002).
Based of the result of the study, it concluded that the incidence of potential antihypertensive drug interaction was high with the mechanism of interaction was pharmacodynamic. The kinds of antihypertensive drug interaction more often was captopril with the severity of interaction was minor. The number of medications affected potential drug interaction.
Keywords: Hypertensive, potential interaction, frequency, antihypertensive drugs, the effect of factors, health center.
