i
ABSTRACT
North Tapanuli a benzoin gums production centers in Indonesia. Benzoin gums trafficked consists of a kind of benzoin gum Toba (Styrax paralleloneurum Perk), benzoin gum Durame (Styrax benzoine dryland), and benzoin gum Bulu (Styrax benzoine var hiliferum). The purpose of this study was intended to determine differences in physical-chemical properties of various types of benzoine gums on the market, which is expected later grouping quality benzoin gums can be considered quantitatively based on the physico-chemical properties. Physical-chemical properties of benzoin gums tested is color, moisture content, impurity content, ash content, softening point, and cinnamic acid levels. The results showed the water content testing, softening point, and cinnamic acid levels qualify as SNI 7940: 2013 while on testing colors, impurity content, and ash content not included in the qualification SNI 7940: 2013. In the phytochemical screening test positive benzoine gums containing the type of secondary metabolites, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids/steroids.
Keywords :benzoin gums, qualities, physico-chemical properties, phytochemical
ii
ABSTRAK
Tapanuli Utara merupakan sentra produksi getah kemenyan di Indonesia. Getah kemenyan yang di perdagangkan terdiri dari jenis kemenyan Toba (Styrax paralleloneurum PERK), kemenyan Durame (Styrax benzoine Dryland), dan kemenyan Bulu (Styrax benzoine var hiliferum). Tujuan penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui perbedaan sifat fisika-kimia berbagai jenis getah kemenyan yang ada di pasaran, sehingga diharapkan nantinya pengelompokan kualitas getah kemenyan dapat dipertimbangkan secara kuantitatif berdasarkan sifat fisika-kimianya. Sifat fisika-kimia getah kemenyan yang diuji adalah warna, kadar air, kadar kotoran, kadar abu, titik lunak, dan kadar asam sinamat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada pengujian kadar air, titik lunak, dan kadar asam sinamat masuk dalam kualifikasi SNI 7940:2013 sedangkan pada pengujian warna, kadar kotoran, dan kadar abu tidak masuk dalam kualifikasi SNI 7940:2013. Pada pengujian skrining fitokimia getah kemenyan positif mengandung jenis metabolit sekunder alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid/steroid.
Kata kunci : getah kemenyan, kualitas, sifat fisika-kimia, fitokimia
