i
SONG TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF FIVE DISNEY
MOVIE’S ENGLISH SONGS
Presented in Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for the Attainment of a
Sarjana Sastra degree in English Literature.
By:
Krisna Bayu Aji 12211141021
ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDY PROGRAM ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
v MOTTOS
Of course I dress well,
I didn’t spend all that time in the closet for nothing
–
Anonymous
Being a part of something special does not make you
special. Something is special because you are a part of it
–
Rachel Berry, Glee
I loathe narcissism, but I approve of vanity.
vi
DEDICATION
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii
LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLES ...x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... xi
ABSTRACT ... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...1
A. Research Background... 1
B. Research Focus... 4
C. Research Objectives ... 5
D. Research Significance ... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK .7 A. Theoretical Review ... 7
1. Translation ... 7
2. Categories of Translation ... 8
3. Song Translation ... 9
4. Musical Devices... 14
5. Degree of Equivalence ... 18
6. Multimedia Translation ... 19
7. Disney Movies and Soundtrack ... 21
8. Previous Studies ... 22
B. Conceptual Framework ... 23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ...26
A. Type of Research... 26
ix
C. Data Collection Techniques ... 28
D. Data Analysis Techniques ... 29
E. Research Instruments ... 31
F. Data Trustworthiness ... 31
G. Example of Data Sheets ... 33
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ...35
A. Findings ... 35
B. Discussion ... 42
1. Musical Devices in the Original Songs and in the Translated Bahasa Indonesia Songs. ... 42
2. Translation Strategies Used in the Process of Translation ... 54
3. Degree of Equivalence between the Songs ... 65
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS...68
A. Conclusions ... 68
1. Musical Devices Employed in English and Bahasa Indonesia songs ... 68
2. The Translation Strategies Used in Translating the Songs ... 69
3. Degree of Equivalence of the Original and Translated Songs ... 70
B. Suggestions ... 70
1. To translators ... 71
2. To other students... 71
3. To other researchers ... 71
REFERENCES...72
x
LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLES
Figure 1. Analytical Construct ...25
Table 1. Example of Blank Verse Translation ...13
Table 2. Example of Interpretation ...14
Table 3. Data Analysis Example ...30
Table 4. Example of Data Sheets ...33
Table 5. Musical Devices Findings ...36
Table 6. Translation Strategies Findings...37
Table 7. Degree of Equivalence Findings ...39
Table 8. Rhythm and Meter ...43
Table 9. Significant Changes in Beats and Meter ...44
Table 10. Different Beats and Meter Example in Bahasa Indonesia and English .45 Table 11. Rhyme Discussion Examples ...46
Table 12. Unrhymed Verse Example ...49
Table 13. Example of Different Meaning but Same Rhyme Employment ...49
Table 14. Assonance Discussion Examples ...50
Table 15. Different Employment of Assonance Examples ...51
Table 16. Consonace Discussion Examples ...52
Table 17. Different Employment of Consonance ...53
Table 18. Blank Verse Translation Discussion Examples ...56
Table 19. Literal Translation Discussion Examples ...59
Table 20. Interpretation Discussion Examples ...61
Table 21. Metrical Translation Discussion Examples ...60
Table 22. Rhymed Translation Discussion Examples ...63
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
RY: Rhyme VP: Verse to Prose Translation
AS: Assonance RT: Rhymed Translation
CO: Consonance BV: Blank Verse Translation
ON: Onomatopoeia IN: Interpretation
PT: Phonemic Translation FE: Fully Equivalent
LT: Literal Translation PE: Partially Equivalent
xii
SONG TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF FIVE DISNEY MOVIE’S ENGLISH SONGS
By Krisna Bayu Aji
12211141021 ABSTRACT
This research concerns with the translation of Disney Movie’s Songs into Bahasa Indonesia. The aims of this research are 1) to describe the musical devices employed in the English and Bahasa Indonesia songs, 2) to describe the strategies the translator used in translating the songs, and 3) to describe the degree of equivalence between the English songs and Bahasa Indonesia songs.
This research employed descriptive qualitative study because the main concern of this research was to present the findings in words instead of numbers. The sources of the data were five English songs and Bahasa Indonesia Songs. The forms of the data were the lines in the lyrics. The main instrument of this research was the researcher himself. The data collecting techniques were, first downloading the original song and then the Bahasa Indonesia song album entitled We Love Disney, then listening to the songs and writing down the lyrics and then analysing the lyrics, an putting the data into the data sheets. The data trustworthiness of this research was achieved by employing triangulation.
The research finds that most of the musical devices employed in the English songs are employed in the Bahasa Indonesia songs. Most of the rhythm of the English songs are different from the Bahasa Indonesia songs, as the translator tried to convey the meaning. The most frequently used translation strategies are the blank verse translation and then followed by the literal translation, both are strategies is appropriate to translate a song because it carries the meaning and context. Most of the time, the translation are considered Partly Equivalent, as the translator usually tries to convey the meaning, and neglecting the form. Although the translated songs considered Partly Equivalent, it is still acceptable as a song as the lyrics is suitable and the meaning is still conveyed.
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Research Background
In the world, language is one of the important aspects in life. Human needs languages in their daily life and in their interaction with each other. However, the vast number of languages makes it difficult for people to interact. Language is not just a means of talking or writing, but it is also a means of pleasure. Languages are used in many forms of entertainment created by human, such as poems, books, movies and songs. There are gaps between people around the world because they use different languages. Thus, translation as a bridge to overcome that difficulty is conducted.
There are different kinds of entertainment that have been translated into other languages. There are many books, novels, children’s picture books
2
English animation movie’s songs have been also translated in their dubbed
version in Bahasa Indonesia.
Listening to music is also another form of entertainment people seek. We love listening to songs on the radio or listening to songs on the internet. The vast improvement in technology has made it easier for people who want to search and listen to songs. Moreover, songs are not only written as song, but also written to accompany some movies in relation with the story of the movies.
For many years, Walt Disney has brought us the most amazing and magical story of the world. Walt Disney has been making movies since 1928 with
Steamboat Willie. Ever since, Disney has introduced people all over the world with the story of fairy tale and make believe.
One of the important things in a movie is the music. The roles of the music in a movie are to hold and to shape the experience of the viewers, to manipulate their emotions, to guide the mood and to narrate the story. Music in a movie is divided into two categories: score, the music background, and soundtrack, the song, usually from certain artist.
Disney movies have been considered classic, meaning that the songs are considered great and outstanding of its kind, movies that employ soundtrack to their best. People in the world definitely recognise the works of Elton John entitled Can You Feel the Love Tonight from the classic movie, The Lion King. People also recognise the song from Demi Lovato and Idina Menzel from the movie Frozen entitled Let It Go. There are lots of outstanding and great Disney’s
The researcher is interested in the topic because recently, there is an album containing the translated songs of the classic Disney movies’ songs. The Album
features many Indonesian singers, such as Regina, Nowella, Hussein from Indonesia Idol, and also features Anggun, an Indonesian legendary singer.
Translating a song is not an easy task, it is not only a matter of the same meaning, the same style but it also has to follow the syllables (rhyme) to put in the music and also put a same note. As Peter Low (2005) says in The Pentathlon Approach to Translating Songs, song must be singable, and the (translated) text must sound as it has been made for the music. Moreover, when the translator is translating the lyrics, translator must pay attention to the rhythm and rhyme for the translated lyrics to have a natural sound to the song.
There are differences in translating songs and ordinary speeches in the animated series. When the translator translated the speech the rule to be followed is more open than those rules concerning song translation such as note, the rhythm. It can be put in this way, as long as meaning is delivered and it is accomplished. Unlike the usual translation, songs have certain rules to be followed. Thus it is harder to translate. The example of translating a song lyrics can be seen below.
Source Expression:
4
Target Expression:
Aku gadis desa selalu sederhana Dalam semalam jadi putri
These two lines are taken from the opening song of the animated series
Sofia the First. It can be seen that the source language employs a rhyme, yet it cannot be translated into Bahasa Indonesia for the sake of the music and the singable notes. Take a look at the phrase doing alright; its translated phrase is
selalu sederhana. This is not equivalentt although acceptable for message and for song.
In order to do so, there are many things to consider for the sake that the song can be sung in Bahasa Indonesia. For example, it is a different word which makes it not equivalent yet acceptable; deletion of the lyrics; the different rhyme for the sake of the music or meaning. The example is to show the reason why the researcher wants to conduct research based on the translation of the English songs of several Disney’s movies, because not only the songs are very well known but
the translations are also famous in Indonesia. Moreover, song translation is an interesting subject to be studied.
B. Research Focus
twelve because the selected five songs came from a different classic Disney’s
movies, such as The Lion King, Aladdin, Beauty and the Beast, and others. Since there are many things considered in the translation of a song, the researcher must limit the focus of this research. The researcher focuses on the musical devices, translation strategies, and the degree of equivalence. Thus, based on the limitations above, the researcher focuses into three formulations below.
1. What musical devices are employed in the Disney’s Movies English Soundtrack and their Bahasa Indonesia translated version?
2. What are the strategies used by the translator to translate the songs?
3. What is the degree of equivalence between the English songs and Bahasa Indonesia translational songs?
C. Research Objectives
In accordance with the formulations made by the researcher, this research aims at analysing the English version of several Disney’s movies soundtrack and their Bahasa Indonesia translated version. The objectives of this study are.
1. to describe the musical devices employed in the English and Bahasa Indonesia songs,
2. to describe the strategies the translator used in translating the songs, and 3. to describe the degree of equivalence between the English songs and Bahasa
6
D. Research Significance
7 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A. Theoretical Review
In the Literature Review, the researcher explains about the notions of translation, categories of translation, song translation, multimedia translation, musical devices, and degree of equivalence. In this sub chapter, it is also explained the previous studies, and the background of the object as the soundtrack in a movie and the translated version compiled in one album.
1. Translation
Translation has many different meanings based on different scholars. The widely known meaning and definition of translation is by Nida and Taber. Nida and Taber (1982: 12) state that translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly in terms of meaning, secondly in terms o style. By this definition, we can conclude that translation happens in two different languages, the source language (SL) and the target language (TL).
8
language. In other words, the forms are changing but the meaning must be equivalent.
In the case of the researcher’s objectives, the researcher agrees with the
definition proposed by Nida and Taber. Song translation may not be fully equivalent, but it is the closest natural equivalent in the target language. The lines of the song might change styles although maintaining the same meaning, or the meaning might change while maintaining the same styles.
2. Categories of Translation
As said by Roman Jakobson (1959:2) in his paper entitled “On Linguistic
aspecst of Translation”, there are three categories of translation. The three
categories of translation proposed by Jakobson are as follows.
a. Intralingual Translation, also known as rewording, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other sign of the same language. Moreover, in Intralingual Translation, translators use words that are more or less synonymous from the source expression. However, synonyms are not a complete equivalence. Jakobson in his paper states for example “every
celibate is a bachelor, but not every bachelor is a celibate”. Furthermore, a word or an idiomatic phrase-word may be able to only be fully interpreted by explaining or defining the phrase-word. For example, in Jakobson’s paper “Every bachelor is an unmarried man, and every unmarried man is a
bachelor.”
there is no full equivalence between code-units. However, Message may be served across the language and still adequate to carry the meaning. Jakobson furthermore states that translators accept and transmit a message from a source into target. Thus, translation is involved two equivalent messages that carry the meaning in two different languages.
c. Intersemiotic Translation, also known as transmutation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign system. Furthermore, in Intersemiotic Translation the translation process that happen conveys the meaning from a source symbol and sign and interpreted into another symbol of a different system symbol.
3. Song Translation
Song translation is unique. Song lyrics are written in the similar way of poetry, thus song lyrics can be regarded as one. However translating a song is a much more complex task to achieve. In song translation, translators have little or no freedom in choosing between versified translation (maintaining structure) or omitting structure. The translator might change or omit a rhyme, but assigning syllables to a musical note is a quite difficult task to overcome. The translated song is considerably different from the original song, because the repetition of phrases, words is more natural in the original song, than in the translated song.
10
devices that the translator must follow just like the rules found in a poem. In assessing the selected song, the researcher believe that Lefevere’s strategies can
be used to asses the song lyrics. The seven strategies that are proposed by Lefevere are stated below.
a. Phonemic Translation
In this strategy, translators mainly discuss attempts to reproduce the sound in the source language into the target language. In this strategy, the translators also try to paraphrase the sense. Lefevere states that this is moderately great to translate the onomatopoeia, but the overall result is clumsy and sometimes deprived of the sense.
Example
Source Expression Target Expression
And turn that frown around Buat bunyi bunyian
Skee bop bop bop dadado boo Skee bop bop bop dadado boo
b. Literal Translation
Example:
Source expression Target expression
Huesca (John Cornford) Huessca (Translation by Chairil Anwar)
Heart of the heartless world Jiwa di dunia yang hilang jiwa Dear heart, the thought of you Jiwa sayang, kenangan padamu
Is the pain at my side Adalah derita di sisiku
The shadow that chills my view Bayangan yang bikin tinjauan beku
It can be seen that this is Literal Translation because the translator concern on the literal expression of the source text and transfer it into the target language. It can be seen in the phrase “Dear heart” and the clause “Is the pain at my side.”
c. Metrical Translation
In this strategy, the dominant criterion is the reproduction of the meter. In highlights, the translators try to reproduce the number of syllables and stresses of the original text. Much more like the literal translation, this strategy also focuses on one thing, the meter.
Example:
Source expression Targe expression
Let it go / let it go Lepaskan / lepaskan
12
d. Verse into Prose
In this strategy, the translator transfers the original text into the target text in the form of prose. The target reader will get the meaning alright, but they will not get the beauty of the original text as it has lost the sense: form.
Example:
Source Expression Target Expression
I was a girl in the village doing alright
Then I became a princess overnight
Now I gotta figure out how to do it right
So much to learn and see
Dulu aku hanyalah seorang gadis desa. Namun sekarang berubah semenjak aku jadi putri. Sekarang aku harus belajar untuk menjadi putri yang sebaik baiknya.
e. Rhymed Translation
In this strategy, translator focuses on two aspects, the meter and rhyme, although rhyme is the main concern of the Rhymed Translation. In this strategy, translators try to produce the same rhyme of the source text into the target text. In this strategy, the translated version might be slightly weird to that of the original text, because the translator concerns on maintaining the rhyme and the meter.
Example:
Source expression Target expression
You won’t find me Kubuang masa lalu
These two expressions are trying to use the same rhyme (aa). However the target expression is a little bit off from the meaning.
f. Blank Verse Translation
In this strategy, the translator translates the text but with a tendency to ignore the rhyme of the original text. The translator tries to maintain the structure of the original text in the target text by using unrhymed lyrics. This looks very similar to a literal translation, although in this strategy, translator does not ignore the context of the original text, giving the translated version a similar impact as the original text. Literal translation tries to find each of the lexical units equivalent in the target text, making it lose the sense and context.
Example:
Table 1. Example of Blank Verse Translation
Source expression: Target Expression
I have got so much to give, I swear I do Banyak hal yang ku ingin tuk berbagi I may not have nine lives, this one feel
brand new
Walaupun tak abadi, rasanya begitu
In this example, the context of these two lines is a dog sharing his story. The translators try to create the same context of the original song in to the translated while ignoring the rhyme of the original text.
g. Interpretation
14
changed, meaning, the text of the SL text is still the same but the translation uses different form. An imitation occurs when the translators make their own poem which has only title and point of departure that is common with the source text.
Example:
Table 2. Example of Interpretation
Source expression: Target expression:
It’s enough to make king and
vagabonds Tak ada yang mampu memisahkan
Believe the very best Kita selamanya
By employing these seven strategies by Lefevere, the researcher analyzes how the source language songs are translated into target language songs. These seven translation strategies are the most appropriate strategies to be used in the analysis of the data.
4. Musical Devices
Much like poetry, songs also employ musical devices in the writing of the lyrics. Furthermore, a song is not only about the lyrics but also the music that accompany the lyrics. Thus, musical devices play an important role in the making of a song. It creates a more aesthetics addition into the song, both the lyrics and the music. Musical devices that usually are found in the song are as follows.
a. Rhythm and Meter
Another scholar also suggests “Rhythm can be described as timed movement
through space; an easy, connected path along which the eye follows a regular arrangement of motifs.” (Jirousek, 1995). Rhythm can be analyzed through
rhyme, intonation, meter, and tempo. In this research, the researcher analyzes the rhythm employed in both versions of songs by looking at the beats and pauses that can also be said as the stressed and unstressed syllables.
However, it is not clear how to judge which syllable is stressed usually. Although, certain part of speech such as noun, verb, adverb, adjective, demonstrative and interrogatives usually have stressed syllables. To show the unstressed syllable it is usually symbolized by the curve line symbol ( ˇ ) and stressed syllable is usually symbolized by ( ˉ ).
Not only is that rhythm seen by looking at the stressed and unstressed syllable, but also pauses play a big role in the rhythm. Pauses can be symbolized by using caesura (//).
Meter according to Bambang (2000) is a pattern in a line that has been cut into chunk by accents and stresses. This is the basis of the measurement of a meter. Meter is shown by saying foot in certain chunk. It is symbolized by underline.
Example
Rhythm and meter in Let It Go – Lepaskan
English Bahasa Indonesia
ˉ ˇ ˇ ˉ ˇ Snow glows white/ on a/ ˇ ˉ ˉ ˇ ˉ ˇ Mountain/ tonight// not a
16
ˉ ˇ ˇ ˇ ˉ /footprints/ to be seen//
b. Rhyme
Rhyme is the repetition of accented vowel sounds and all succeeding sound that appear close together. Rhyme might cause confusion if compared to assonance and consonance. However, they are different with one another. Cuddon (1999: 751) states that there are 4 types of rhyme based on their degree.
1) Full rhyme is when there are similar stressed vowel and the following sounds. 2) Identical rhyme is when there are one or more sounds preceding the stressed
vowel that identical.
3) Vowel rhyme is when the sound preceding the stressed vowel is identical, and the following sound is not.
4) Pararhyme is when the last stressed vowels are different but the following sounds are identical. In this type there is also a term called slant rhyme which occurs when the consonant in the end sound alike although the vowel is different.
Apart from their degree, there are three types of rhyme based on their position.
1) End Rhyme : by placing the rhyme at the end of a line 2) Internal Rhyme : Repeating a sounds within lines
Example:
Rhyme in Let It Go - Lepaskan
English Bahasa Indonesia
Snow glows white on a mountain
tonight, not a footprints to be seen
Salju berkilau merendam malam, tanpa jejak terlihat A kingdom of isolation and it
looks like I’m the queen
Aku bagaikan ratu di kerajaan terasing
c. Assonance
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds close together. Unlike rhyme, assonance is simply a repetition of vowel sounds. It is usually called vocalic rhyme. Assonance occurs when there are vowel sounds close together and the sound following the vowel is ignored.
Example:Hear the mellow wedding bells (Edgar Allan Poe – The Bells)
d. Consonance
It is the repetition of consonant sounds. This is the opposite of assonance. Example: Do not align yourself with someone else’s axis of expectation –
(Kevin Kantor & Sienna Burnett – Phase)
e. Onomatopoeia
18
Example:
English Bahasa Indonesia Explanation
Woof Guk It is the sound that dogs make
Bang Dor This is the sound of a gun
f. Tone
Tone is what the whole song or lyrics are about. Tone represents the feeling or the atmosphere that the song try to carry. There are many things that tone can create. It can be sadness, joy, anger, and other feeling.
5. Degree of Equivalence
Degree of Equivalence is one of the assessments of translation product. The assessment of the translation product is in the form of assessment of the message and/or the style of the translation product. It cannot be separated the assessment between the target language (the translation product) and the source language. In this research, the researcher makes use of degree of equivalence proposed by Bell. Bell proposed four categories of degree of equivalence namely, Fully Equivalent Expression (FEE), Partly Equivalent Expression (PEE), Non-Equivalent Expression (NEE), and Unrealized Expression (UE). However, the researcher wants to take note that in the translation the songs, the translators are trying to produce every line of the songs into Bahasa Indonesia. In accordance to that, the researcher will use only three of the notion that Bell proposed.
Example: Let it go, let it go Lepaskan, lepaskan
b. Partly Equivalent Expression : Expression in the ST is translated into the TE but either has the same meaning or style, not both.
Example: Picking daffodils memetik bunga
c. Non-Equivalent Expression : SE is translated into the TE but using different meaning and style.
Example: Can be a princess thing bisa dilakukan
6. Multimedia Translation
There are types of multimedia translation, namely, subtitling, dubbing, lip-sync, voice-over. Subtitling and dubbing are considered the most popular used translation in multimedia translation.
On one hand, the dubbing type is considered making the source language far more familiar to the target language through the method of domestication. The aim of dubbing is to make audience feel that the actor speak in the audience language himself/herself.
On the other hand, subtitling provides a translation of certain source language in a form of synchronized caption, usually at the bottom of the screen. If the dubbing uses the domestication, subtitling however, uses foreignization, because using the caption will make the audience know some sort of foreignism from the movie.
20
mode in the 1930s. The countries mentioned above have a feeling that translation is an act of violence towards their language. They are so accustomed by their language in the TV and cinema. Listening to their own language gives a sense of nationality and pride. Thus saying it becomes tradition to dub movie in these countries.
The countries that employ subtitling are Norway, Netherland, Belgium, and smaller European countries and non-European countries. This is usually due to their small population. The lack of people makes fewer people go to the cinema, and fewer tickets sales. Furthermore, subtitling cost less that dubbing, because dubbing needs more people and other resources.
In Indonesia, TV employs the two types of the most used multimedia translation equally. For a TV show, program, series, movie that is meant for children, the dubbing is used. When the movie is meant for teenager and adult, the subtitling is used. Children are not familiar with English, so the best way to employ the movie translation is dubbing, so the TV channels provide a domestication background in the movie.
problem of an episode, In the Disney’s animated movie, and the song can tell the story of a certain scene. Thus, score and song is an important part in Disney’s
movie. The researcher believes that dubbing is the most appropriate way to translate an audio text, because with dubbing the readers, listeners can feel the domestic aura so that they can understand it more.
7. Disney Movies and Soundtrack
Disney animated movies are well known throughout the world. Children from all across the nations and countries are waiting for Disney to release a new line of animated movie. Several of them are also become of the classic movie of all time. Take a look at the example of Cinderella. This well-known princess is then changed into a classic animated movie which later changed into a live action movie in the 2015.
Apart from the majestic and classical movie Disney has provided. Disney also employs an amazing line up of musical score and soundtrack. Disney animated movie usually teams up with several great names of singer and musician in the making of their movie. The name like Phil Collins, Elton John, and Celine Dion are a well-known singer and also a classical one. These names above are a few of singers that are teamed up with Disney Studio to create a mesmerizing song to accompany the yet classical movie.
22
songs are always amazing to listen to, and is a good thing to accompany the movie.
Disney also has made compilation albums called We Love Disney. These albums, released three times, contain many classic Disney’s songs sung by
contemporary artists. The first We Love Disney entry was released in 2013 in France. The second entry released in 2014 in Australia, and France. The third entry released in 2015 in United States, Italy, and Indonesia. As a matter of fact, in Asia, Indonesia is the first country that has its own We Love Disney Compilation album.
8. Previous Studies
There are several researches that have a similar focus as this research. There have been researches concerning song translation before. However this research is only brought up recently. Even though people all over the world love to listen to music, the activity of song translation is quite few.
Fang Yu, a Mandarin, conducted a study of song translation between English song and the Mandarin Translation. He conducted the research using Functional Translation Theory. The theory concerns on how translations are a goal oriented and the translation is their own text, rather a translated version of a source text. It did not concern of equivalence between two texts.
in Disney’s Movie Songs as many of the English song that have been translated
into Thai.
This research is different with both studies. The researcher believes that the translated songs are related to the original songs, which means the researcher concerns on the equivalence between two texts. This research also uses Disney Movie’s Songs as the object, but the researcher also takes account of the musical
devices, not only the translation strategies.
B. Conceptual Framework
Translation is an action that has been going over for years and years. Translation by Nida and Taber states that a translation is a reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly in the term or meaning and secondly in term of style. This research employs the notion proposed by nida because the translated song may not be the same in the form, but it can be only in meaning.
There are three categories of translation. Intralingual Translation, Interlingual Translation, Intersemiotic Translation. Intralingual Translation happens in the same language, Interlingual Translation happens in the different language, and intersemiotic happens if a symbol is translated into different symbol system. This research mainly focuses on the interlingual translation because it is happening in two different languages, English as the source language and Bahasa Indonesia as the target language.
24
followed by translator, such as rhyme and rhythm so that the song can convey the same meaning from the source language songs. Song is written in a very delicate way that it can be considered as poem, and such treated the same way. The song translation may come under the umbrella of multimedia translation, more precisely the dubbing. This research main objects are songs that has been translated into another language also in the form of song.
The strategies that are proposed by Lefevere are strategies that are appropriate to be used in the analysis of the data because these strategies are concerning on the the verse translation. These strategies are suitable to translate poem. Furthermore, song lyrics are written similar with poem. Both are written in verses, employ musical devices, employ figurative language. Thus, song is treated as poem, making these strategies also suitable to asses the translation of song.
Itralingual
4. Verse into Prose Translation
5. Rhymed Translation
Cinema Translation Mobile Communication
Figure 1. Analytical Construct
26 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research
This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. A descriptive qualitative method can be used to analyze and expose the quality between the source text and the target text found in the five songs of Disney’s movie
soundtracks and their Bahasa Indonesia translation version found in the album,
We Love Disney. Fraenkel and Wallen (1993) state that descriptive method is a method used to explain, analyze, and classify, something through various techniques, survey, interview, questionnaire, and test. Fraenkel and Wallen also state that qualitative research is a research that investigates the quality of relationships, activities, situations, and materials. This type of research uses descriptions and categories, and uses open ended examples, observation, and document analysis. This type of research is suitable for conducting this research, because this research analyzes and explains through words instead of numbers and figures. The data collected are presented in words and are explained thoroughly. This research also uses qualitative approach because it takes more emphasis into the understanding of the problems rather than the generalization of the problems.
1. The natural setting is the direct source of data, and the researcher is the key instrument in qualitative research. This research have the natural setting which are the songs, either in English or Bahasa Indonesia.
2. Qualitative data are collected in form of words or pictures rather than number. The data collected are in form of words, that are song lyrics.
3. Qualitative research concerned with process as well as product. This research concerned in the process of the research and the outcome.
4. Qualitative researchers tend to analyze their data inductively. This research uses the inductive approach to analyze the data.
5. How people make sense out their lives is a major concern of qualitative researchers. This research uses the natural setting of the data.
Regarding to the subject, the researcher believes that this research uses qualitative methods, as this research describes and explores the comparison between the English and the Bahasa Indonesia songs, looking at the musical devices used in both version of the songs, the strategies the translator use to translate the songs, and also the degree of equivalence between the two versions of the song.
B. Data and Sources of Data
The data sources are five songs taken from the album We Love Disney. This album was released on September 2015 and available for download online on
28
The Love Tonight), Dunia Baru (A Whole New World), Si Cantik dan Si Buruk
Rupa (Beauty and the Beast). The data are in the form of song lines. The researcher analyzes the lyrics and the musical devices of the five songs. The context of the data is a movie soundtrack which is put in the middle of the movie to emphasize a scene or put in the credit as the end credit soundtrack. The reason why the resercher chose this five songs that because the song chosen by the researcher is the iconic song of its respective movie. Audiences will have a high expectations of these five songs.
This research conducts an analysis of the translation strategies and the musical devices maintained. The researcher also analyzes the degree of equivalence. The unit of the data analysis is line as it is song lyrics, the line on the verse in the English songs and the line on the verse in the Bahasa Indonesia songs..
C. Data Collection Techniques
1. The researcher collected the data of English Songs 2. The researhcher searched the song featured in the movie. 3. The researcher listened to the song from the movie. 4. The researcher wrote down the lyrics into note.
6. The researcher collected the data of Bahasa Indonesia Songs 7. The researcher downloaded the album on iTunes.
8. The researcher listened to the song selected from the album. 9. The researcher wrote down the lyrics into note.
D. Data Analysis Techniques
In the analyzing of the data, the researcher looked at the lyrics and listened to the songs, both the English songs and their counterparts in Bahasa Indonesia. After listening to the song, the researcher consulted the lyrics written down, finding which line is the equivalence to which line in the song. The researcher determined the musical devices first of the two lines, whether the Bahasa Indonesia song has the same rhythm and/or rhyme. After that the researcher determined which of the strategies proposed by Lefevere is used in the translation of the song lyrics.
30
For example:
Table 3. Data Analysis Examples
English lyrics Bahasa Indonesia lyrics
ˇ ˇ ˉ ˇ ˉ ˇ ˉ
Not a/ footprints/ to be seen//
ˇ ˉ ˇ ˉ ˇ ˇ ˉ
Couldn't/ keep it in/ Heaven knows/ ˇ ˉ
These verses are taken from the song entitled Lepaskan in Bahasa Indonesia and Let It Go in English. The first line of the example, showing that both lyrics, English and Bahasa Indonesia, employ Assonance and Consonance. The translator used Blank Verse Translation to translate the line. Although, both lyrics have the same meter, which is tetra meter, consisting of four feet, they employ a different rhythm.
Based on the theory proposed by Bell of degree of equivalence, these dubbing of song are partial equivalence, although the meaning are equivalent and acceptable, both lyrics have different style of rhythm although employing the same meter.
E. Research Instruments
In qualitative research, the main instrument of a research is the researcher himself, because the researcher knows the phenomenon first hand. The researcher also acts as a planner, data analyst, and data collector. Equipment used is laptop, notebook, cell phone (recording), dictionary and data sheets.
Also stated by Lincoln and Guba (1983) the instrument in naturalistic inquiry is human. This is suitable that the research instrument is the researcher himself. Although, the other forms of instruments may be used later, but human (researcher) is the main instrument of the research.
F. Data Trustworthiness
32
not with what the researcher found. Not only that they are the research’s
G. Examples of Data Sheets Table 4. Example of Data Sheets
Data
Code Lyrics
Musical Devices Translation Strategies Degree of
34
Musical Devices : Translation Strategies : Degree of Equivalence
RY : Rhyme PT : Phonemic Translation FE : Fully Equivalent
AS : Assonance LT : Literal Translation PE : Partial Equivalent
CO : Consonance MT : Metrical Translation NE : Not Equivalent
ON : Onomatopoeia VP : Verse to Prose Translation
35 CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Findings
In these finding, there are 144 data. The 144 data are taken from 182 lines collected from all the five songs. From 182 lines, the researcher used only 144 lines because the rest of the lines are considered chorus and refrain, which is a verse that contain the same lines, beats, and meters.
36
Table 5. Musical Devices Findings
Song Titles Assonance Consonance Onomatopoeia
Let It Go 17 21 0
Lepaskan 22 18 0
Color of the Wind 35 33 0
Warna Angin 36 34 0
Can You Feel The Love Tonigt 12 16 0
Dapatkah Kau Rasakan Cinta 16 13 0
A Whole New World 30 42 0
Dunia Baru 54 36 0
Beauty and the Beast 13 16 0
Si Cantik dan Buruk 25 20 0
times in translating the second song, six times in translating the third song, twenty nine times in translating the fourth song, and sixteen times in translating the fifth song. Interpretation (IN) is used once in translating the first song, thrice in translating the second song, ten times in translating the third song, six times in translating the fourth song, and four times in translating the fifth song.
In total, Blank Verse Translation is used eighty three times. Literal Translation is used thirty six times. Interpretation is used twenty six times. Metrical Translation is used thirty one times. Rhymic Translation is used four times. Phonemic Translation and Verse to Prose Translation are not used in the translating the five song. In summary the findings of Translation Strategies applied can be seen in the table below.
Table 6. Translation Strategies Findings
Song Title PT MT LT VP RT BV IN TOTAL
Let It Go – Lepaskan 0 2 9 0 0 13 1 25
Color Of The Wind – Warna Angin
0 1 12 0 0 21 3 37
Can You Feel The Love Tonight – Dapatkah Kau Rasakan Cinta
0 2 0 0 4 6 10 22
A Whole New World – Dunia Baru
0 18 9 0 0 29 6 62
Beauty And The Beast – Cantik Dan Buruk
0 8 6 0 0 16 4 34
38
There are three types of Degree of Equivalence, namely Fully Equivalent (FE), Partially Equivalent (PE), and Non-equivalent (NE). Fully Equivalent is when the translated line is same in term of meaning and style. Then Partially Equivalent is when it is either the meaning (different style) or style (different meaning) maintained. Non-equivalent covers two types of equivalence, which are non-equivalence and not translated. However, as stated earlier all the line are translated in Bahasa Indonesia, meaning that it only covers non-equivalence as in different meaning and style. There are thirty lines that are considered fully equivalent, eighty three that are considered partially equivalent, and thirty two that are considered non-equivalent.
Table 7. Degree of Equivalence Findings
Fully Equivalent 30
Partially Equivalent
Different style 78
Different meaning 5
Non-Equivalent 32
It is also found that fully equivalent translations are usually produced by employing Literal Translation and Metrical Translation. It should be noted that Metrical Translation is a secondary translation strategy and usually found side to side with Literal Translation, combined they produced a great quality of translation, where Literal Translation produce a fully meaning equivalent, while Metrical Translation the same meter and beat pauses. It does not work the same as combination of Blank Verse and Metrical. Blank Verse and Metrical Combination usually create a different meaning translation, not a fully equivalent translation.
Interpretation tends to create a non-equivalent translation. Interpreation usually creates the translator’s own lines. It is up to the translator on what to fill in
the translation of certain lines. The translator usually create a different meaning lines compared to the original, the sole purpose of the translation is to fill enough syllables that go or fit with the music. As long as the line is singable in the term of music, translator freely used it without thinking about the equivalent meaning or form.
40
conveying the meaning. Thus it creates a similar line but with a different rhythm and meter.
As the song is regarded as a poetry, there must be a message contained in each song. It is important to know whether the message of the original songs is delivered in the Bahasa Indonesia translated songs. For song has a hidden message if you listen to it close enough. The researcher knows that the song for a soundtrack is not merely just for the purpose of supporting the movies scene, but also a song to introduce or to support an idea for society to thrive for a better society.
For example in Color of the Wind, this song tells us to see the world not by their worth. Pocahontas as the main character of the story tells us to appreciate nature, to appreciate the mother earth as a living being, not as a dead thing that is valued by her worth. Moreover, human put value over things, that this make human ignorant about the nature. This is a great message to be told to younger generation not to waste the nature. Not to ignore the nature for then you can see the true beauty of it. This kind of message is conveyed great with the solemn music of the original, and that music is then conveyed greatly in the Bahasa Indonesia.
said “for whether we are white or copper skinned” and it is translated into “tahu
apakah kita berbeda”. This translated did not do justice towards the white or
copper skinned. Racial differences is always a major matter in the world, up until now, and it is only translated into “berbeda” seems like a little understatement of the matter.
Then, there is each song tone. Tone is how the writer, in this case might be the composer and lyricist, attitude towards the audience. In other words, what the composer and lyricist try to tell the audience. All of the songs have their own tone and sense as they came from different movie, different set of stories. For example the song from Frozen, Let It Go, telling a story of an upset woman who’s been
caged for her life and now she finally free. The music of this song is courageous with a fast beat. This tone is conveyed towards the Bahasa Indonesia well, for this song. However, as the translated song is sung by more than one singer, each singer has her own type of tone, so there are times when the tone of the original song is conveyed differently by the singer.
For the rest of the songs, the tone is conveyed greatly. For example, Color of the Wind, with the condescending tone from Pocahontas towards John Smith. Anggun can deliver the tone of the song perfectly as the original singer, Judy Kuhn. Apart from the different meaning of the translated songs, Dapatkah Kau
Rasakan Cinta has the same tone of loving as the original song Can You Feel The Love Tonight. The rest of the song also has the same tone. A Whole New World
42
B. Discussion
In the Discussion, the researcher discusses thoroughly the data found on the research. The discussion focuses on the three objectives of this research. The discussion also discusses the necessary item to be discussed in relation to the objectives of this research. The discussion aims to be as thorough as possible.
1. Musical Devices in the Original Songs and in the Translated Bahasa Indonesia Songs.
In term of song, sung text, and poetry, musical devices play a great role in the making of the whole text. Musical devices are used to make the text much more aesthetically pleasurable than other text such as short story and novel. In this research the researcher pays attention to rhythm, rhyme, assonance, consonance, and onomatopoeia as the object of musical devices to be analyzed. Each part of the musical devices will be explained in this part thoroughly.
It is also found that musical devices from each version may differ from one another. Sometimes it is found in both version, but sometimes it only found in the Bahasa Indonesia version. The reason these happened are for many reasons. Sometimes it happens because the translator tries to convey the meaning above all, without considering the musical devices.
a. Rhythm
pauses make both versions similar but not alike. The example of rhythm found in the data analysis is shown in the table below.
Taken from the first song, Let It Go, sung by Demi Lovato and in Bahasa Indonesia into Lepaskan sung by Regina, Anggun, Raisa, Nowella.
Table 8. Rhytm and Meter Data Can’t hold it/ back A/nymore//
ˇ ˇ ˉ ˇ ˇ ˉ ˇ ˉ Tak mampu/ kutahan/ lagi//
In this example there are two lines of the lyric shown. The first line is the opening lyric of Let It Go sung by Demi Lovato. It is a soundtrack of the movie
Frozen. This line shows that the character, Elsa, should not hid the power inside of her, hence the lyric, to let go. On this line the beats and pauses are the same between the two versions. It is shown by the same meter these two versions have. Meter is a unit of rhythm. Both of the English and Bahasa Indonesia lines are comprised of two feet. The first lines of each version comprised of dactyl meter, which are three syllables with the first syllable are stressed and the rest are not.
44
She has to let go the power that has been swirling inside of her. Unlike the first line of each version, the second lines of both versions are not similar. It is still comprised by three feet, but with a different beats and syllables. The English line comprised of seven beats, while the Bahasa Indonesia line comprised of eight beats. This is still acceptable as the beats are similar, not significantly different in number, and also in type. The English line is comprised of one anapest and two lambs, whilst the Bahasa Indonesia is comprised of two anapests and one lamb.
Some lines are even drastically different between the English and Bahasa Indonesia.
Table 9. Significant Changes in Beats and Meter
Code English Bahasa Indonesia
028/B/I/AS-AS/CO-CO/LT/PE
ˇ ˇ ˉ
You don’t know// ˇ ˉ ˇ ˇ ˉ Yang kau/ tak tahu//
This line is taken from the song Color of the Wind. In this line Pocahontas
next line, that the translator and composer could fill the gap with words. The rhythm of this line is so different but in term of meaning this is partially equivalent. It will be much better of rhythm equivalence if the Bahasa Indonesia version is translated into tak tahu, for it will has the same foot and beat. However, in order to do so, the subject “You” has to be deleted.
Some lines are also comprised of different foot and with a different beats and pauses, whether the English has fewer or more lines than the Bahasa Indonesia, or vice versa.
Table 10.Different Beats and Meters Example in Bahasa Indonesia and English
Code English Bahasa Indonesia
46
this happen because if the English lines is translated with literal translation it will be a much different beats and syllable and might not acceptable with the music.
The second example is taken from Color of the Wind first stanza.Oppositely, the English song in the second line is only comprised of four feet while the Bahasa Indonesia line is comprised of five feet. The English line is comprised of lambs, but the third foot is replaced by an anapest, while the Bahasa Indonesia comprised of lambs with the last foot is replaced by an anapest.
Example above shows that there is a same type of rhythm and also a different rhythm. However it should be noted that even though there are different rhythms, the difference is not significant. The differences between lines probably is just the beats are different, and the English or Bahasa Indonesia has a different set of meter.
b. Rhyme
Rhyme is an essential musical device in a song. Almost every verse in the song employs a rhyme, although, some of the verses are not. This is an example of rhyme found in the song verses, both in English version and Bahasa Indonesia version.
Table 11. Rhyme Discussion Examples
Code English Bahasa Indonesia
045/B/VI/AS- 047/B/VI/AS- AS/CO-CO/BV/NE
And we’re all connected to each other
Kita diciptakan untuk
bersama
This example is taken from Color of the Wind sixth stanza, when Pocahontas
is explaining that all creature, all being in the earth is connected to each other. In the English version of the song, the rhyme pattern is a-b-a-b, can be seen from brother [brʌð.ər] – other [ʌð.ər] and friends [frends] – ends [end]. However the Bahasa Indonesia did not employ the same rhyme, or did not employ any kind of rhyme at all. The Bahasa Indonesia lyrics rhyme pattern is a-a-b-c, can be seen from saudaraku – temanku and bersama – akhir. This is might happen because the translator trying to make an equivalent meaning across the language, thus neglecting the rhymed employed in the translation. It can be seen in the example that every Bahasa Indonesia lines are equivalent in meaning with the English lines. With exception of the third lines, where there is the word “diciptakan” while
the English lines did not use any word that is equivalent with “diciptakan”.
However, the context of the lines is still conveyed towards the Bahasa Indonesia. Furthermore the lines have the same beats and syllable which makes it acceptable with the music, but employ a different meter.
48
Table 12. Unrhymed Verse Example
Code English Bahasa Indonesia
029/B/II/AS- AS/CO-CO/BV/PE
You think you own whatever land you land on
Earth is just a dead thing you can claim
Has a life, has a spirit, has a name Berjiwa, punya hati, bernama
This example is taken from the first stanza of Color of the Wind. In this part of the verse, the composer is trying to make statement about the story. The story of John Smith, an English explorer to conquer new land that he always think was a dead thing, but Pocahontas beg to differ, that earth is not a dead thing, it is alive, and everything has a life. In the example above, both of the verse did not employ any kind of rhyme, a-b-c-d. However, the translated meaning is equivalent toward the English line. It can be seen that all the four lines of the Bahasa Indonesia is equivalent with their counterparts in English. Not all of them are translated literally, but the context is conveyed to the Bahasa Indonesia with grace.
Table 13. Example of different meaning but same rhyme employment
Code English Bahasa Indonesia
071/C/IV/AS- AS/CO-CO/RT/IN/NE
There’s a time for everyone if they only learn
That the twisting caleidoscope moves us all in turn
Dunia berputar untuk
temukan hati
Hidup menuliskan masa
bahagia
074/C/IV/AS- AS/CO-CO/RT/IN/NE
When the heart of this star crossed voyager, beat in time with yours
Saat nada hatiku tak berdetak sama
In this part of the verse, the English lines employ a-a-b-b and can be seen from learn [lɜːn] – turn [tɜːn] and outdoors [aʊtˈdɔːz] – yours [jɔːz], and the Bahasa Indonesia lines also employ the same rhyme, can be seen from ini-hati and bahagia-sama. However in terms of meaning across the language these lines are hugely different with each line. The translator employ the strategy intepretation, meaning that the translator creating his/her own kind of line. However, both version has a similiar meter and even have a same meter.
50
c. Assonance
When talking about assonance, it is easy to determine. Assonance is a repetition of vowel sound in a line. There are a lot of example that assonance is employed in both version of lyrics.
Table 14. Assonance Discussion Examples
Code English Bahasa Indonesia
119/E/I/AS- AS/CO-CO/BV/PE
Tale as old as time Dongeng yang lama
120/E/I/AS- AS/CO-CO/BV/PE
True as it can be Sungguh terjadi
121/E/I/Ø- AS/Ø-Ø/BV/PE
Barely even friends Bukanlah teman
122/E/I/AS- AS/CO-Ø/IN/NE
Then somebody bends Atau yang lain
123/E/I/AS- AS/Ø-CO/LT/FE
Unexpectedly Tidak dinanti
These examples are taken from the first stanza of Beauty and the Beast. All of the lines in these two verses are employing assonance. First line of English line using the sound /æ/ in the word “as” while in the Bahasa Indonesia line using the
sound /a/ in the word “yang” and “lama”. In the second line of English line using
the sound /æ/ in the word “as” and “can” while in Bahasa Indonesia using the
sound /u/ in the word “sungguh”. Then and bend using the same sound /e/ and in
Bahasa Indonesia using the sound /a/ in atau yang lain. “Unexpectedly” using the
However there are also cases where the English lyrics as a source text did not employ assonance, but in Bahasa Indonesia as Target text employ assonance.
Table 15. Difference Employment of Assonance Examples
Code English Bahasa Indonesia
063/C/II/Ø- AS/CO-CO/BV/PE
And can you feel the love tonight Dan rasakan getar cinta
064/C/II/AS-That we got this far Sampai disini
In the example above, it can be seen that the fourth line of the English did not employ assonance, but the Bahasa Indonesia line employs assonance. The Bahasa Indonesia employs the sound /i/ in “sampai” and “disini”. Even though the
52
In term of assonance, the researcher did not see significant differences. The difference of sound that is considered as assonance in each version is a natural aspect. As English language has a different set of vowel sounds compared to Bahasa Indonesia language. The researcher takes a look at whether the English and Bahasa Indonesia employ assonance or not. Bahasa Indonesia language lacks of vowel sound, unlike English language.
d. Consonance
Consonance is the opposite of Assonance, it is repetition of consonant sounds. Like assonance, finding consonance is also easy. There a lot of lines and verses that all employ consonance, either the English lyrics or Bahasa Indonesia lyrics.
Table 16. Consonance Discussion Examples
Code English Bahasa Indonesia
029/B/II/AS- AS/CO-CO/BV/PE
You think you own whatever land you land on
Tanah hanyalah yang kau miliki
every word of the line. In the second line of English line there are /d/ and /k/, and in Bahasa Indonesia there are /h/ and /k/. In the third line of English there are /r/ and /t/ and in Bahasa Indonesia line there are /t/ and /h/. In the fourth line there is /h/ and in Bahasa Indonesia there is /n/. Finding consonant sound is easier than finding vowel sound, because the realization of a consonant letter is far more limited than of than vowel letter.
However, there are still cases similar that of assonance that the English line did not employ consonance but the Bahasa Indonesia employ a consonance. Table 17. Different Employment of Consonance Examples
Code English Bahasa Indonesia
026/B/I/AS- AS/Ø-CO/LT/PE
But still I cannot see Tapi ku tak mengerti
042/B/V/AS- AS/Ø-CO/BV/PE
Come taste the sunsweet berries of the earth
Rasakan manis buah di bumi
NE075/D/I/AS-
AS/Ø-CO/MT/BV/PE
I can show you the world Kan ku perlihatkan
In these lines, the English lines did not employ a consonance. However, the Bahasa Indonesia lines of the same number employ a consonance. The first example is taken from the first stanza of Color of the Wind.The Bahasa Indonesia line
54
the English. In the third example of the Bahasa Indonesia there is the repetition of /k/ while there is no repetition of sound in the English version.
The same goes with consonance, there are no significance different. Each line usually employs consonance, or if they are not employing consonance, usually it is made up by the employment of assonance. Unlike assonance, the consonant sound of the English sound and Bahasa Indonesia sound are quite similar. It is found that both lines may employ the same sound. However, the researcher is not concerned on whether the lines between English and Bahasa Indonesia employ the same consonant sound, but the researcher is concerned on whether the Bahasa Indonesia translation employ consonance or not.
e. Onomatopoeia
After analyzing all the data of both the English versions and the Bahasa Indonesia versions, there is not found any kind of lines in the lyrics that employ onomatopoeia. From all the data sources used, the five selected songs, there are not any songs that employ the onomatopoeia. However, to be noted, there are songs that employ onomatopoeia in the song lyrics.
2. Translation Strategies Used in the Process of Translation
All of the lines in English are all translated into Bahasa Indonesia, and all of them are made into songs. However, there are some differences between the syntax of the Bahasa Indonesia songs compared to the English songs. For example in the Bahasa Indonesia translated song of Color of the Wind we can find an example of the shift in category. The English line said “and you’ll never hear a
wolf cried to blue corn moon” but the Bahasa Indonesia said “dan kau dengar
tangis serigala di bulan biru”. This is not equivalent in meaning, as the English is
negative statement and the Bahasa Indonesia is positive. However, when translating a song a translator need to follow certain rules, that sometimes makes the rule of syntax and meaning are ignored. Furthermore, when it comes to song, it is acceptable by all community that composer or singer and in this case the translator may violate the rules of grammar.
a. Blank Verse Translation
56
Example:
Table 18. Blank Verse Translation Discussion Examples
Code English Bahasa
011/A/III/AS- AS/CO-CO/BV/PE
Conceal don’t feel, don’t let them know
Tale as old as time Dongeng yang lama
In the example above, all three lines use Blank Verse Translation. The first line is taken from the third stanza of the first song, Let It Go. The line “conceal
don’t feel, don’t let them know” is translated into “sembunyikan yang
sebenarnya”. These two lines are equivalent. It might not word-for-word
equivalent, but as a meaning, it goes the same. It has the same tone, and meter, though a different rhythm, so that it cannot be included in Metrical Translation. If the translator aimed to translate it by using Literal Translation, it would become “sembunyikan, jangan rasakan, jangan biarkan mereka tahu.” It would be too
long. In translating a song text, translator needs to pay attention towards the music, and also the syllable and stresses of a line. This translation has paid attention towards the number of syllable for a note, but there are different stresses in syllable,
translated word-for-word, but by taking account the context of the whole line. If it is translated by using Literal Translation, it would be too long, for the music. However, through the meaning, it is quite equivalent. A footstep of a stranger is translated into “jejak yang lain”. In this line, Pocahontas tells John Smith to
follow other than his footstep, hence a stranger, because both individual are coming from different races. In Bahasa Indonesia, the translator just wanted to emphasis of the differences between two of them, that they only translated it into jejak yang lain. It also means a different footstep, other than him.
The third line is another example of Blank Verse Translation. It is taken from the first stanza of Beauty and the Beast. In this line, it is very obvious of the meaning equivalence between the two lyrics. “Tale as old as time” is translated into “Dongeng yang lama” it is acceptable not only in music length, meter, but
also in meaning. Old as time, is very old, nobody knows how old the time is. It is equivalent, and acceptable to say that old as time as “lama” in Bahasa Indonesia
Translation. It may look similar to Literal Translation, but if it is employ Literal Translation, then the translated line will said “Dongeng setua waktu”.
