Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DECLARATION………vi
ABSTRACT………..vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.………viii
PREFACE………..ix
TABLE OF CONTENT………..x
LIST OF TABLES………...xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Aims of the Study ... 2
1.3 Research Question ... 2
1.4 The Teaching of English in the Research Site ... 3
1.5 Significance of the Study ... 4
1.6 Definitions of Key Terms ... 4
1.7 Organization of the Thesis ... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 6
2.1 Introduction ... 6
2.2 What is Scientific Approach? ... 7
2.3 Basic Principles of Scientific Approach... 8
2.4 Benefits of Scientific Approach ... 12
2.5 Stages of Applying Scientific Approach ... 14
2.5.1 Observing ... 14
2.5.2 Questioning ... 18
2.5.3 Experimenting ... 21
2.5.4 Associating ... 22
2.5.5 Networking/ communicating ... 25
2.6 Language Teaching Approaches ... 27
2.7 English for Specific Purposes ... 32
2.8 Related Research Reports... 34
2.9 Criticisms towards Scientific Approach ... 35
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ... 37
3.1 Research Question ... 37
3.2 Research Design ... 37
3.3 Research Site and Participants ... 38
3.4 Goals of the Teaching Learning Process ... 39
3.5 The Research Site’s Syllabus ... 40
3.6 Data Collection Techniques ... 41
3.6.1 Observation ... 41
3.6.2 Interview ... 42
3.5.3 Document Analysis ... 43
3.5.4 Pre-test and Post-test, Progress Test and Self-Assessment ... 45
3.6 Data analysis Procedure ... 46
3.6.1 Analysis of Data from Observation ... 46
3.6.2 Analysis of Data from Interview... 47
3.6.3 Analysis of Data from Pre-test and Post-test ... 47
3.6.4 Analysis of Data from Curriculum, Syllabus and Need Analysis ... 48
3.7 Data Triangulation... 48
3.8 Concluding Remarks ... 49
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS ... 50
4.1 Data from Needs Analysis, Curriculum and Syllabus of the Research Site 50 4.2 The Teaching Program (An Overview) ... 56
4.3 Discussion of Observation Data ... 59
4.3.1 Data from Observing Stage ... 59
4.3.2 Data from Questioning Stage ... 70
4.3.3 Data from Experimenting Stage... 75
4.3.4 Data from Associating Stage ... 83
4.3.5 Data from Networking or Communicating Stage ... 87
4.3.6 Data from Progress Test and Self-assessment ... 97
4.4 Discussion of Data from Pre-test and Post-test ... 101
4.5 Discussion of Interview Data ... 106
4.5.1 Students’ Opinion on the Teaching Program ... 107
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.5.3 Students’ Opinion on Limitation or challenges of Scientific Approach111
4.5.4 Students’ Suggestion about Improvements to the Teaching Program 114
4.6 The Effects of Scientific Approach ... 115
4.6.1 Students’ ESP Learning ... 115
4.6.2 Students’ Participation in Class Activities ... 116
4.6.3 Student’s Achievement in TOEIC ... 118
4.7 Unexpected Finding ... 119
4.8 Concluding Remarks ... 119
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION... 121
5.1 Introduction ... 121
5.2 Conclusions ... 121
5.3 Limitation of the Study ... 123
5.4 Recommendation for Further Studies ... 125
BIBILIOGRAPHY ... 127
APPENDICES ... 145
APPENDIX 1: SYLLABUS OF ESP IN THE RESEARCH SITE ... 146
APPENDIX 2: LESSON PLAN ... 149
Appendix 2.1: Lesson Plan Meeting One ... 149
Appendix 2.2: Lesson Plan Meeting Two... 151
Appendix 2.3: Lesson Plan Meeting Three... 153
Appendix 2.4: Lesson Plan Meeting Four ... 155
Appendix 2.5: Lesson Plan Meeting Five ... 157
Appendix 2.6: Lesson Plan Meeting Six... 159
Appendix 2.7: Lesson Plan Meeting Seven ... 161
APPENDIX 3: ITEMS ON EXERCISES AND WRITTEN ASSESSMENT 165 Appendix 3.1: Exercises on Observing Activity ... 165
APPENDIX 4: SCORING RUBRIC OF ROLE PLAY AND PRESENTATION171 Rubric of Communicating activities (presenting, dialoguing, role playing) ... 171
APPENDIX 5: SELF-ASSESSMENT FORM ... 172
APPENDIX 6: OBSERVATION DATA ... 174
Appendix 6.1 Sample of Observations Notes by the Researcher ... 174
Nina Herlina, 2014
A Scientific Approach to Teaching ESP ( English for Specific Purposes ) to Nursing Students Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Appendix 6.3 Format of Observation Note... 180
APPENDIX 7: INTERVIEW DATA ... 186
Appendix 7.1: Interview Questions of both the First and the Second Stages186 Appendix 7.2: Condensed Version of Data from Individual Interview ... 188
APPENDIX 8: TOEIC ITEMS FOR PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST ... 192
APPENDIX 9: STATICTICAL PROCEDURES ... 232
