CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter explains the background of the study, research focus, research problems, objective of the study, significances of the study, limitation of study, operational definition and framework of discussion.
A. Background of Study
Language became an important factor of life. Many kinds of information can be found easily by using language. Language is a tool of communication and a tool of interaction that human have. Human being lives in this world has a role as an individual creature, but also has a role as social creature. People have a role as social creature which means people cannot live alone. They need other people to fulfill their need and help them to solve their problems.
Language can be used to convey opinion, idea, and feeling, although the fiction or imagination situasion. The imagination situation like literature
(poetry, story, fairy tale, legend, joke) that used for speaker’s happiness or the
reader.1 To communicate with others they need language as a tools of communication. Communication is a process by which information is exchange between individuals through a common system a symbols, signs, or behaviour.
In today’s modern world, globalization is the main factors considered
in everybody life. It plays an important role in the development some factor.
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In the modern “Global Village” countries and cultures are influencing each
other culturally more than ever before. International connections in the field of science, politics, economies, culture, business, are realizing in different forms visits, conferences, seminars, and studens exchanges.
During the processes of interpersonal communication the problems of high importance are solved or discussed. The success of intercultural communication depends on development of intercultural competence of intelligence, on how people negotiate, meet, greet and relationship worldwide. 2
People can use language to express idea, experiences, thought, wants, hopes, feeling and so on to other. When two or more people communicate with each other in speech we can call the system of communication that they employ a code, in most cases that code will be something we may also want to call language.
The study of language in relation to the society is called sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of the language function in a social context and the development of language in society. Sociolinguistics focus on differences in the use of language in society so that an object can be the object language learning another language. Then, the question of language is the fundamental question of power. From the statement it is clear that sociolinguistics is the study of language use in a society that did not focus on
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the composition of sentence structure but focuses on differences in language use and language development in society. 3
The interaction between these two aspects sociolinguistics are habits of the people of the usefulness of the language and the social composition of habitual action. With language clearly focused on the topic of social arrangement inherent in language habits society. So, the lessons of sociolinguistics not only on the organizational structure of the language but also on the level development use of language in society and familiarize the user language to use the language that is used in accordance with the appropriate developmental and language level of civility in society.
People speak based on where they came from and their environment. When people are in conversation they use the language that they have, generally people often use more than one language. It is very common that people develop some knowledge and ability in a second language and so become bilingual. The simplest definition of a bilingual is a person who has some functional ability in a second language. This may vary from a limited ability in one or more domains, to very strong command of both languages. 4
There are many more bilingual or multilingual individuals in the world than there are monolingual. Monolingual refers to ability to use only
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Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics Fifth Edition, Australia : Blackwell, 2006, p.1.
(http://faculty.mu.edu.sa/public/uploads/1393439953.5135An_Introduction_to_Sociolinguistics__ Blackwell_Textbooks_in_Linguistics_.pdf)
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Suraiy Alam, Code-Mixing in Bangladesh a Case Study of Non-Goverment White Collar Service Holders and Professionals, Asian Affairs, 2006, p.54.
one language. Billingual is an ability to use two language and multilingual for more than two languages. 5
Indonesian language as national language. They used more than one language to communicate with another people. They used Indonesian language in formal situation. In otherhand, Indonesia have many regional languages like Javaness, banjarnese, bataknese, etcetera. They used it to communicate other people in the same regional.
Many people had to learn English, which is an official language, to get a better job in goverment sector and students had to have a very good command over English because most of the books of occidental knowledge, history, philosophy and technology are written in English.
English as one of the international language has a great influence to the most Indonesians. Not only in speaking, but also in writing many people often mix the English into Indonesian language. English has also influenced Indonesia in various fields, including literature. Some English words or expressions are usually used in Indonesian short stories, novels, poems, etcetera. English can be found in various parts of those works such as in the titles, dialogues, or narrations.
Nowdays, many Indonesian people use Indonesian and English in same time. This condition is called code mixing because the condition where people use more than one language in the same topic. Code mixing is the use more than language that speakers or writers mix two codes or more language
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in discourse, the main characteristics in code mixing are relaxed situations and informal situation.6
Code mixing can be seen in spoken or written language. Code mixing in spoken language can be found in: radio program, television program, teaching process and code mixing also found in written language such as novel, newspaper, magazine, tabloid, etcetera. Literary books in Indonesia have been developed both in their quantity or quality.
Literary books started by the coming of foreigners who use English in their communication. Indonesian people were initiated to use English and then to spread it out to the others. The influence from English maked literary books in Indonesia have also been influenced by English. One kind of literary books that is influenced by English is novel. The writers wrote a novel not only in Indonesian language, sometimes the writers mix English in Indonesian language.
Many factors which influenced the people mix the code, such as their background as like education, culture, social, economic, etcetera. Education is one of the parts of background the people mix the code, if the people have good education so it influenced their mix code. In written language code mixing presented in italic or underline style at word or phrase. In this research writer discussed one novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
Raditya Dika is one of authors or novelists who used code mixing in his novel. His complete name is Dika Angkasaputra Moerwani. He was born
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in December 28th 1984. He graduated from Department of Political Science in University of Indonesia. He had studied in Adelaide University of Australia, allowing him to mix Indonesian and English in his writings and his expressions.
Raditya Dika is the first Indonesian bloggers who managed to make a book from his blog. He known as the author of humorous book. He has written some novels like Kambing Jantan, Cinta Brontosaurus, Radikus Makankakus, Babi Ngesot, Marmut Merah Jambu and Manusia Setengah Salmon, and Koala Kumal.7
Manusia Setengah Salmon is the sixth book by Raditya Dika which was published in 2011. The story still has concept comedy based on stories written by the author as in the previous book. This book contains 258 pages and 19 chapters.
As an illustration the writer presented a little bit sentence which describes the reality of language used in which afterward the reality of language use can be categorized as code mixing. The sentence is as follows:
Gue jadi jarang bisa ngelakuin kegiatan seperti maen game atau
bahkan sekedar lari sore bersama. P.13.
The sentence above indicates the existence of code mixing because the speaker used one word or phrase of English into Indonesia language. The speakers master both languages they used it to express their emotion, feeling
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or thought. It is found that there are variation forms and type code mixing used.
Based on phenomenon above, the writer wants to concerns the style of
code mixing by Raditya Dika’s novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon. The
writer motivated to conduct a research entitled
“THE ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN-ENGLISH CODE
MIXING USED IN RADITYA DIKA NOVEL ENTITLED MANUSIA
SETENGAH SALMON”.
B. Research Focus
In this research, the writer focused to describe the form, meaning, frequency and reason using Indonesian-English code mixing which often used by Raditya Dika in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon.
C. Research Problem
Based on research background, the writer proposed some problems as the following:
1. What are the word classes of Indonesian-English code mixing used in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya Dika?
2. What are the meanings of code mixing that found in the Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon?
4. Why code mixing is used in the Raditya Dika novel entitle
Manusia Setengah Salmon?
D. Objective of The Study
Based of the background of the study above, the objectives of the study are:
1. To describe the word classes in Indonesian-English code mixing used in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya Dika.
2. To find out the meaning of Indonesian-English code mixing that found in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon by Raditya Dika.
3. To find ot the dominant Indonesian-English code mixing used in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya Dika.
4. To find out the reason of using code mixing used in the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon written by Raditya Dika
E. Significance of the Study
In theoretical, in this study gave readers additional information and knowledge of code mixing from the novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon
written by Raditya Dika especially to students in language program. Here the writer gave information about definition, meaning, forms, function, and purpose of Indonesian-English code-mixing used in Raditya Dika entitle
Practically, this analysis expected to inform the English students about code mixing. The readers got many words, as the result that they are able to increase their vocabulary and to improve their speaking, writing, reading and listening skills.
F. Limitation of the Study
In this research, the writer limited the study on code mixing words used in Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon. The study focussed to determine the forms of words in the process of word-formation, the meaning, dominant of code mixing words, and reason using code mixing.
The writer choose Manusia Setengah Salmon novel because it is one of the best seller novel in Indonesia that has been used in several language, include Indonesian-English code mixing words.
G. Operational Definition of Key Terms
The writer gave some operational definition of this study to avoid misunderstanding.
1. Analysis
2. Code mixing
According to Wardhaugh argue that code mixing occurred when speaker use both languages together to the excent that they change from one language to the other language in the course of a single utterance or sentence.
It mean that they inserted some pieces or elements of another language while they are basically using a certain language. This phenomenon not only exists in conversation but is also presented in printed media like a novel.8
3. Manusia Setengah Salmon
Manusia Setengah Salmon is the sixth book by Raditya Dika which was published in 2011. The story still has concept comedy based on stories written by the author as in the previous book. This book contains 258 pages and 19 chapter.
4. Raditya Dika
Raditya Dika is one of authors or novelists who used code mixing in his novel. His complete name is Dika Angkasaputra Moerwani. He was born in December 28th 1984. He graduated from Department of Political Science in University of Indonesia. He had studied in Adelaide University of Australia, allowing him to mix Indonesian and English in his writings and his expressions.
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Raditya Dika is the first Indonesian bloggers who managed to make a book from his blog. He known as the author of humorous book. He has written some novel like Kambing Jantan, Cinta Brontosaurus, Radikus Makankakus, Babi Ngesot, Marmut Merah
Jambu, Manusia Setengah Salmon and the last book is Koala kumal. H. Framework of Discussion
The research is going to discuss three chapters as follow:
Chapter I : Introduction covers background of the study, research focus, research problem, objective of the study, significance of the study, limitation of the study, operational of the study, and frame of discussion.
Chapter II : Review of related literature. It consists of some theories about previous study, Sociolinguistics, Code-Mixing, Causal Factor of Code Mixing, Linguistics Elements of Code Mixing, Forms of Code Mixing, Purpose of Using Code Mixing, Lexical Meaning, Manusia Setengah Salmon Novel, Translation Process and The Effect of Code Mixing for SLA and Frame of Thinking.
Chapter IV: Reseach finding and discussion. It consists of the word classes of Indonesian-English code mixing used in Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon. The meaning of Indonesian-English code mixing used in Raditya Dika novel entitled Manusia Setengah Salmon. The reason of using code mixing in Raditya Dika Novel. Analysis. Discussion.
