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UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL GULMA SIAM (Chromolaena odorata) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Gulma siam (Chromolaena odorata) dikenal sebagai daun kirinyuh, famili Asteraceae, banyak tumbuh di daerah daratan tinggi dan pegunungan. Masyarakat biasanya menggunakan perasan atau rebusan daun gulma siam ini sebagai obat luka dan obat sakit perut. Selain itu juga berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri, antiinflamasi, antipiretik dan antihipertensi.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun gulma siam dan uji efektivitas sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun gulma terhadap penyembuhan luka sayat.
Metode: Serbuk gulma siam di maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 80%. Maserat yang diperoleh diuapkan dengan bantuan rotary evaporator (±50°C) dan dikeringkan dengan freeze dryer (-40°C). Selanjutnya dilakukan skrining fitokimia, karakterisasi, dan ekstrak diformulasi menjadi gel berbasis HPMC dengan konsentrasi 0,125%, 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, dan 1%. Sediaan gel di evaluasi dan diuji efektivitasnya terhadap penyembuhan luka sayat pada punggung kelinci dan dilakukan uji statistik.
Hasil: Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol gulma siam masing masing di peroleh senyawa flavanoida, glikosida, tanin, saponin, alkaloida, steroid/triterpenoid, dan karakterisasi simplisia diperoleh kadar air (7,9%), kadar sari larut air (23,54%), kadar sari larut etanol (11,96%), kadar abu total (4,97%), dan kadar abu yang tidak larut asam (0,52). Hasil evaluasi sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun gulma siam masih stabil dalam penyimpanan selama 90 hari. Pemeriksaan homogenitas menunjukkan sediaan gel homogen, pH sediaan gel di peroleh 6,2-6,3, nilai viskositas 2,9-3,7 poise. Hasil uji efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun gulma mampu menyembuhkan luka sayat dengan konsentrasi 0,125% (20 hari), 0,25% (19 hari), 0,50% (18 hari), 0,75% (21 hari) dan 1% (22 hari), sedangkan betadine salep (17 hari), tanpa perlakuan (24 hari), basis gel (23 hari). Uji statistik menunjukkan semua sediaan gel memberikan efek terhadap penyembuhan luka sayat.
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun gulma siam dapat diformulasi sebagai gel dan memiliki efektivitas dalam penyembuhan luka sayat, konsentrasi terbaik dalam penyembuhan luka adalah 0,50%.
Kata kunci: ekstrak etanol daun gulma siam, uji efektivitas, sediaan gel, luka sayat.
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EFFECTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT GEL OF Chromolaena odorata LEAVES FOR WOUND HEALING
Abstract
Background: Chromolaena odorata known as kirinyuh leaf, family of Asteraceae, mostly grows on highland and mountains. People usually use the leaf extract or stew from boiled Chromolaena odorata leaves as medicine for wound healing and to heal stomach pain. Also, it is good for bacterial, anti-inflammation, anti-pireutic, and anti-hypertension.
Objective: The purpose of this study were to formulate gel from ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata leaves and to test the effectivity of ethanol extract gel of Chromolaena odorata leaves for wound healing.
Methods: Chromolaena odorata leaf powder was macerated by ethanol 80%. The macerate have evaporated by using rotary evaporator (±50ºC) and dried by freeze dryer (-40ºC). Then phytochemical screening, characterization, and the extract have formulated to gel material based HPMC with concentration 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00%, respectively. The gel material evaluated and tested its effectiveness on rabbit’s back which have wounded. Then carried statistical test. Result: The results from phytochemicals screening of simplicia powder were flavanoid, glycosides, tannins, saponin, alkaloids, steroid/triterpenoids and Chromolaena odorata leaf ethanol extract gel characterization was obtained by water level (7.9%), the levels of water soluble extract (23.54%), the level of ethanol soluble extract (11.96%), total ash content (4.97%), and level of acid insoluble ash (0.52%). The evaluation results of ethanol extract gel of Chromolaena odorata leaves remain stable instorage for 90 days. Homogeneity examination showed a homogeneous gel material, the pH value of gel material was 6.2-6.3, viscosity value was 2.9-3.7 poise. The results show effectiveness of ethanol extract of weeds leaves was able to healing the wound with concentrations of 0.125% (20 days), 0.25% (19 days), 0.50% (18 days), 0.75% (21 days) and 1% (22 days), respectively, whereas betadine ointment (17 days), without treatment (24 days), and gel based (23 days). The statistical test show all dosage gel give effect to healing the wound.
Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata leaf can be formulated as a gel and has effect to wound healing and the best formulated is gel with 0.50% extract.
Keyword: Chromolaena odorata leaf, ethanol extract, effectiviness test, gel material, wound healing.
