TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION ... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... ii
ABSTRACT ... iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ... iv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background ... 1
1.2 Research Questions ... 5
1.3 Purposes of Research ... 5
1.4 Scope of the Research ... 6
1.5 Significance of the Research ... 6
1.6 Organization of Paper ... 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Critical Discourse Analysis ... 8
2.1.1 Definition of Critical Discourse Analysis ... 9
2.1.2 Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis ... 11
2.1.3 Critical Discourse Analysis in Reading ... 17
2.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics ... 25
2.3 Concluding Remarks ... 30
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 31
3.2 Site and Participant ... 33
3.3 Data Collection ... 34
3.3.1 A Phase of Teaching ... 34
3.3.1.1 Participant Observation ... 35
3.3.1.2 Students’ Reflective Journal ... 36
3.3.1.3 Questionnaire ... 36
3.4 Data Analysis ... 37
3.5 Concluding Remarks ... 38
CHAPTER FOUR: THE TEACHING PROGRAM: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Preliminary Phase of the Teaching Program ... 39
4.1.1 Stage 1: Introducing the Teaching Program ... 40
4.1.2 Stage 2: Deciding on the Topic for Discussion ... 42
4.1.3 Stage 3: Distributing Pre-program Questionnaire ... 43
4.1.4 Stage 4: Undertaking Diagnostic Test ... 46
4.1.5 Summary of the Preliminary Phase ... 50
4.2 The Teaching Program ... 50
4.2.1 Explicit Teaching of CDA-related Guiding Critical Questions ... 51
4.2.2 Explicit Teaching of SFL-related Framework for Critical Reading ... 51
4.2.3.1 Pre-reading Stage ... 61
4.2.3.2 While-reading Stage ... 65
4.2.3.3 Post-reading Stage ... 71
4.3 The Effect of the Teaching Program towards Students’ Critical Reading .... 74
4.3.1 Students’ Progress on Critical Reading ... 4.3.2 The Positive Effect ... 74
4.3.3 The Negative Effect ... 78
4.4 Students’ Responses towards the Teaching Program ... 79
4.5 Synthesis of Findings ... 81
4.6 Concluding Remarks ... 82
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 83
5.2 Limitations of the Study... 84
5.3 Recommendations ... 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 86
APPENDICES Appendix 1: Guiding Critical Questions... 93
Appendix 2: Diagnostic and Progress Test Format ... 94
Appendix 3: Pre-program Questionnaire ... 95
Appendix 4: Post-program Questionnaire ... 96
Appendix 5: Sample of Students’ Reflective Journals ... 98
Appendix 6: Sample of Observation Notes ... 100
Appendix 7: Syllabus ... 103
Appendix 8: Lesson Plan ... 104
Appendix 9: Handout of CDA ... 111
Appendix 10: Handout of SFL ... 114
Appendix 11: Text for Practicing SFL... 115
Appendix 12: Text for Diagnostic Test ... 116
Appendix 13: Text for Progress Test ... 119
Appendix 14: Reading Materials ... 121
Appendix 15: Condensed Form of Data from Pre-program Questionnaire ... 133
Appendix 16: Students’ Answers on Diagnostic Test ... 149
Appendix 17: Students’ Answers on Progress Test ... 160
