A study of varieties madurese language in whatsapp message group used by members in IKAMABA organization.

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A STUDY OF VARIETIES MADURESE LANGUAGE IN WHATSAPP MESSAGE GROUP USED BY MEMBERS IN IKAMABA ORGANIZATION

A THESIS

Submitted as a partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the sarjana Degree of English Departement Faculty of Letters and Humaniora UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

By:

Laylisatul Kudriyah Reg. Number : A73213103

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

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digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id

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ABSTRACT

Kudriyah, Laylisatul. 2017. A study vaerieties Madurese language in Whatsapp message group used by members in IKAMABA organization. English Department. Faculty of Arts and Humanities. State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Advisor : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M. Ag.

Keywords : Language varieties, register, jargon, slang, codeswitching, and contexts.

This thesis attemps to analyze varieties madurese language used by members of IKAMABA organization through Whatsapp messagges group. In order to take the point of this study, the focus of this research about the conversations of the members through whatsapp message group like a jargon, register, slang, code switching and the last the social context in the conversation.

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INTISARI

Kudriyah, Laylisatul. 2017. A study vaerieties Madurese language in Whatsapp message group used by members in IKAMABA organization. Jurusan Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Dosen pembimbing : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M. Ag.

Kata kunci : register, jargon, salang, code switching dan context.

Skripsi ini mencoba menganalisa variasi bahasa madura yang digunakan oleh anggota IKAMABA melalui kelompok pesan Whatsapp. Untuk menunjukkan permasalahan pada studi ini, fokus penelitian ini pada analisis organisasi ini tentang percakapan semua anggota dalam kelompok pesan seperti sebuah jargon, register, slang, code switching dan terahir social context dalam percakapan.

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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE...13

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter explains background of study, research problem, research objectives, significance of the research, scope and limitations, and definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of The Study

In this globalization era, Internet has widespread link to all over the world and now has been the main media of communication. The internet is defined as the worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) to communicate with one another (Holt, 2004). It enables people to communicate each other, share common interests, ideas, and feelings more easily, faster, and more efficiently. It seems that people nowadays, hard to live without the internet connection, as the world information currently is packed up within the internet.

This research focuces on language verieties in discussion group whatsapp used by members of IKAMABA organization. The writer investigates the use of language varieties like jargon, code switching, register, slang, and the last social context. The writer wants to know how the strategies of discussion build by members of IKAMABA in the Whatsapp messages group communication.

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language. There are many languages varieties in this world especially in Indonesia. In other explanation, said the language diversity is closely dependent on the kind of group and categories to be found in particular society (Allen and Corder, 1980: 166-167). It means that every group has its own variety which is used in certain community and from language they use we know where the group people comes from.

A society can be divided into several group based on ethnicity, profession, education, economic level, sex, religion and soon. Each person uses variety of language within her other group, she or he does not apply when meet peole from the group because it will emerg e the mutual unintelligible or misunderstanding between the group and people who are not from the same group.

People who live in bilingual community have a tendency to use two or more codes varieties when they communicate with others. Usually, people who have same feel are free to switch from one language to another both informal or formal sitation. As stated by gumpers in Soehariyono (2003:2), social norms of language choice vary from situation to situation and from community to community.

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The reasons why the writer chooses IKAMABA organization of the object of a study are firstly, the members come from various background of a social condition, culture and this organitation is very unique to be observed. IKAMABA organization is one area that stands on the campus of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Daily members of IKAMABA still use the language of Madura and still thick with the accent Madura without being influenced by the language around them.

Madura is the native language of Madura people who majority live in Madura Island, it is spoken by many people who live in Sumenep, Pamekasan, Sampang, Bangkalan, Kangean and East of Java or the area known as the horseshoe area stretching. As a language spoken by a large number of speakers, Madurese language has a significant role in the main society in maintaining and developing the Indonesian language. At least there are two big roles that can be played the Madurese language: the existence of Madura language is an Indonesian protector of foreign language attack, as well as Madurese is a component of vocabulary to language Indonesia, (Azhar, 2008: 16-19)

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districts that have different dialects, vocab, accents and meanings in Madura language. And Bangkalan use the variety of spoken by western areas. These assumptions make this study necessary to be conducted in order to desscribe the lexical differences in the Bangkalan the geographical distribution of those lexical differences. Therefore, IKAMABA is an Organization that the people used language varieties, they are formal, semi-formal, and non-formal (semi-formal) language.

This study is synchronic or descriptive study. Synchronic linguistic is one of linguistic fields which describes the language system in particular time by observing the phenomena happened to one language in certain time. Focussing on varieties of Madura language. The varieties of madura spoken in Bangkalan people like a register, jargons, code switching & code mixing.

This research is intended to analyze the varieties of Madura language by people in IKAMABA organization. The writer takes this object because the phenomena of varieties of Madura language in Whatsapp message by people in IKAMABA organization are very unique to be studied. This study is designed specifically to describe Madura varieties spoken in the western part of Bangkalan regions.

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the previous study above is in the data sources and theory that used. In this study the writer chooses the members IKAMABA as her data sources. The writer gets the data from conversation chat to members IKAMABA. She observed directly the organization, make a note the spoken by members IKAMABA, and also interview.

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Particular attention is paid to different between a majority Welsh-speaking town and a town where English is the main language. A further distinction is made between those from Welsh-speaking homes and those from English-speaking homes who have acquired Welsh through immersion education.

Ammour, J. (2011) This research work is an attempt to analyse the sociolinguistic situation of an Algerian town and one of the seven districts of Tlemcen, Nedroma. The area is situated 57 km North West of Tlemcen. The main purpose of this research work is to describe and shed light on the linguistic features characterizing the speech community of Ned roma, mainly the phonological, the morphological and the lexical.

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key, instrumentalities, norms and genre. From the analysis it can be shown that language varieties used by Ten2Five song lyrics are formal languages by Holmes and shown that key used by Ten2Five song lyrics are seriousness, information, sadness and expectation by Hymes.

Bridget, L. (2013). The comparative method of variationist sociolinguistics has demonstrated that frequency changes are not reliable determin ants of whether grammatical change is taking place. Frequency changes can be the result of extra-linguistic register changes, changes within the underlying grammar, or a combination (Szmrecsanyi,2013; Tagliamonte,2002 a). This work examines two variables known to vary along the written-to-spoken continuum —relative clause pronouns, and the genitive construction — across three registers of English and 100 years, with the goal of furthering our understanding of the relationship between spoken and written language.

Astuti, W. (2013). The research entitled Language Attitudes towards Written ‘Alay’ Variety in Facebook Interaction aims to reveal the use of the alay

variety in Facebook media and the attitudes of users and ex-users of the variety. The study employs a descriptive method to describe and interpret the data. As the writer mainly divides the study into two aspects: linguistic feature of alay variety and the language attitudes towards the variety, the study applies Crowley’s theory

of language change (1999) and Ryan’s (1982) and Anderson’s (1991) theory of

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different cases, spelling shift, spelling addition, spelling deletion, contraction, and irregular spelling modification. Related to language attitudes toward the written alay variety, users and ex-users develop different attitudes towards the use of ‘alay’ variety. Users tend to have more neutral attitudes tothe use of alay variety;

they develop more positive attitudes towards the variety. Incontrast, most ex-users react negatively towards the use of alay variety because they consider the variety to have alow prestige or status and is not a proper variety to use

Rohman, A. (2014). This research compares the relationship of people’s language feature and their social classes in Dhaka city. Different views on how people use language in different social circumstances as well as in different situations have been identified and analyzed with sociolinguistic theories. The researcher has observed five authentic situations and combinedly analyzed them with people’s opinion from different classes through questionnaire session. Very few reasons to conduct the language differences and bring variations on the same language have been pointed out and the role of social classes has also been recognized in this regard. Moreover, this research will help to understand how language and social class system are closely related to each other.

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and code mixing. In this study the writer chooses the Bangkalan people in IKAMABA as her data sources. The writer gets tha data from conversation chat members in IKAMABA. She will observed directly the organization, make a note the spoken by Bangkalan people in IKAMABA, and also interview.

In order to focus to Language varieties study, the writer will conduct with some other works about language varieties as the previous study. The researcher conducts Aditya setiawan’s research. Aditya setiawan examined in his thesis entitled “Language Variation In Semarang Chinese High School Teenager” this analyzes about this thesis aims to know and reveal some linguistic variations that occur in Tiong Hoa young people among especially in the city of Semarang. From research conducted, finally obtained a result that the majority Chinese descent young people, especially those who live in the city of Semarang has a uniqueness in speaking or communication. Young man's descent Tiong Hoa the majority use more than one language, not only Indonesian as The main language, but they also master their native language, namely Mandarin, Hokkien, Gek, Teochews, and more. In the general environment, they tend to use Indonesian, and sometimes the local language (Java language with the patois dialect Semarang thick), but the different is when they are at home, or being communicate with parents or his brothers, they tend to use Mandarin, Hokkien, or others.

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uses different object. Then, about the theories which will be used in the analysis are also the same but not at all. It is caused by an addition. That theories are language varieties , register, jargon, code switching, code mixing and the role of context.

1.2 Statement of Research Problem

Based on the background of the study, the writer formulates the research as follow:

1. What are Madurese language varieties are used by members of IKAMABA in Whatsapp message group ?

2. What social contexts do exist in IKAMABA organization ? 1.3 Objectives of The Study

The objective of the study in this analysis are to present the result of the analysis of a Study of varieties Madurese language in whatsapp message group used By members In IKAMABA organization. Here the writer formulates the objectives of this research:

1. To describe varieties of language which are used for language whatsapp message group in IKAMABA organization.

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1.4 Significance of The Study

The study of varieties in Madurese language are used by members of IKAMABA organization give benefits to readers such as to give explanation of the linguistic phenomena of Madurese language varieties spoken by members of IKAMABA organization, to find out varieties of Madura language in IKAMABA, to give some information about the geographical factor of the use of Madura language.

1.5 Scope of Limitation

The study focuses on language varieties. The writer tries to delimit this thesis to the spesific terms or register, jargon, code mixing, slang and the social context which are applied by members of IKAMABA organization.

1.6 Definition of The Key Terms

1. Language variety : a specific set of linguistic items or human speech patterns (presumably, sounds, words, grammatical features) which we can uniquely associate with some external factors (presumably, a geographical area and a social group) Wardaugh (1988: 20)

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3. Jargon : The unique vocabulary use by professional or trade groups. (fromkin, Blair and Collins: 1999:435)

4. Code switching : the alternate use of two or more languages or linguistic varieties within the same utterance or during the same conversation. It is stated by troike (in Soehariyono, 2003: 9)

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents underlying theory of the study. It discusses sociolinguistic, Madura language, language variety, jargon, code switching and code mixing, reason of code switching and code mixing, the role of context.

2.1 Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics is the study of the language function in a social context and the development of language in society. This is consistent with Noam Chomsky in Romaine (2000, p. 1) stated that sociolinguistics focuses on differences in the use of language in society so that an object can be the object language learning another language. Then, Chomsky said that the question of language is the fundamental question of power. From the statement, it is clear that sociolinguistics is the study of language use in a society that does not focus on the composition of sentence structure, but focuses on differences in language use and language development in society.

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from the linguistic (i.e. tonal, phonetic, semantic, etc.) variations of genders, races or sexualities (Fasold, 1984; Myhill, 2004; Skutnabb-Kangas, 2000)

Sociolinguistics examines the interplay of language and society, with language as the starting point. Variation is the key concept, applied to language itself and to its use. The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and changing. As a result, language is not homogeneous — not for the individual user and not within or among groups of speakers who use the same language. By studying written records, sociolinguists also examine how language and society have interacted in the past. For example, they have tabulated frequency of the singular pronoun thou and its replacement you in dated hand-written or printed documents and correlated changes in frequency with changes in class structure in 16th and 17th century England. This is historical sociolinguistics: the study of relationship between changes in society and changes in language over a period of time.

2.2 Internet Language

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discourse, computer-mediated discourse (CMD), e-language, e-linguistics, cyberlinguistics, and other complex terms that are used to represent the language used on electronic interactions as communication media where they are all connected with Internet wireless network which has to do with online setting (e.g. e-mail, chat, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.)

Whatsapp group of IKAMABA consists of 145 people and almost half of the members are active in the group. Average group members aged from 19-50 years. In the group chat forum, they discuss many things ranging from just asking the news, providing an information, sharing or even a joke. The language they use range from the Madurese language Lomra to Alos.

Danet (2001) divided online communication into two modes; Danet (2001) divided online communication into two modes; synchronous (real time) and asynchronous (postponed time). In synchronous term, an individual can

simultaneously logged on to chat and join an ongoing conversation in real time by typing just as face-to-face speakers hear their interlocutors writing their messages as they are spoken. While in asynchronous term, an individual experiences a time lag between the messages being sent and that with the recipient receives or reads them.

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both different time and scope dimension, the scheme of the examples of each is provided in table 2.1.

In this thesis, the writer determined whatsapp one to one and one to many because whatsapp can use to contact individual person, but now many chat features private chat apps that provide the group feature so from the chat app we can use it to interact with many people at one time. In the online setting the way users communicate with others is not much different from people communicating daily language is also included. Language can be changed because it is influenced by varieties of language and appearing of a new vocabulary. Usually, in the informal utterance, young people choose a language variety which they want, they

Audience Scope

Mode / synchronicity

Synchronous Asynchronous

One to one Instant messaging (BBM, Whasapp, LINE, Wechat, Kakaotalk, etc.)

Email, texting on mobile

Phones

One to many Computer conferencing,

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want to show intimacy in their group. According to Holmes (1992), Language change appears from variation over time that it has origins in spatial (or regional) and social variation. Because of that language variety is also a part of language. Vareties of language appear from differences language when some people speak with others. Moreover, person has characteristic in speech style in social condition. Language variety that is use because of social condition is called sociolect. but variety of language not only what is spoken but it is are also found in the form of text such as movies, poems, songs and even a chat. According to Wardhaugh a specific set of linguistic items or human speech patterns (presumably, sounds, words, grammatical features) which can uniquely associate with some external factors (presumably, a geographical area and a social group).

In this research, the writer focused on varieties of Madurese language such as jargon, register, code mixing slang and social context because they talk about digital writing form used by member of Ikamaba on whatsapp message group which the readers first see in a text.

2.3 Madura Language

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majority of the island's population are native speakers of Madura is Madurese language and the language of communication they also Madura (Azhar, 2008).

Madura language is a regional language used by the adura as a tool to communicate, to show the identity and existence as one of the tribes in the archipelago is the tribe of Madura. The linguist and madura language researchers who have long pursue to take a different conclusion, including madura language & the languages of melayu-polynesian used approximately 15 million (estimated number) of residents who inhabit the island of Madura And the surrounding islands located at the eastern end of the island of madura and the northern coastal area of Java island called the fiber horse region by the communities of Madurese people scattered throughout the archipelago.

Among a variety of regional languages in Indonesia, Madura language is one of the great countless regional languages. This is because the number of native speakers are in fourth position after the speakers of Javanese, Malay and Sunda. Speakers of this language is estimated to amount to more than 7% of the total population of Indonesia. (Wikipedia, 2006). Today, approximately three to four million people inhabit the speakers Madura Island, while the rest, as many as nine to ten million Madurese live in Java. Bags of Madura language speakers can also be found in Jakarta, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. (PJRN: 2006).

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saba ' (put) and lagghu '(tomorrow). Another special character is the number of consonants that appear in a word such as lebbhak (estuary) and bhajjrah (lucky). This uniqueness makes two Madurese language differs from the language of other regions. If someone from another ethnic group learn the language of Madura, at first maybe he would have found the barriers associated with the two characters did. But the plus side, because of the uniqueness of this Madurese language, a vocabulary in the language of Madura has been remembered and understood the meaning which never be forgotten by those who learn the language of Madura.

Madura language has several levels according to Madurese Language Dictionary (Adrian Pawitra: 2009), Madurese has three languages (speech levels). The scheme of the examples of each is provided in table.

NO Madurese language Speech level

1. General (Iyâ-enjâ ') = Lomra {L} - termed abusive language level.

2. Medium (Èngghi -enten) = Tenggaan {T} - medium level 3. High / Fine (Èngghi-bhunten) = Alos {A} - fine language level.

From the table, we can understand the level of language used by Madura people to communicate.

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aspirates. The beraspirat phoneme is phonemic given the ability to differentiate meaning. Beraspirat phoneme is one of the characteristics of the sounds of language grammar Madura.

Vowels are sounds of language in the process of establishing air stream which flow from the lungs & do not experience barriers by the vocal organs. Vocal quality is determined by three factors: (1) high-low position of the tongue, (2) part of the tongue is raised, and (3) shape of the lips when the vowel sound. In madurese language (BM) there are six vowels are: / a /, / i /, / e /, / u /, /? / And / כ /. Judging from the high and low position of the tongue and the parts of the tongue is raised, or the parameters of low height and front-rear, six vowels can be described as the following table:

The position of tongue

Front Center Back

On /i/ /u/

Midle /e/

Under /a/

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two vowel (/ u / and / כ/). Based on the shape of the lips, BM has two vowels round (/ u / and / כ/) and four vowels unrounded (/ i /, / e /, /? / And / a /. (Sofyan et al, 2008).

2.4Language variety

In order to use more than one language, people must learn and acquire those two languages. Firstly, they have to acquire their first language or mother tounge, secondly they have to learn and master other language which will be their second one or foreign language. The ability to use two languages is called by billilnggual. A multilingual society consists of many different group with the different cultures and varieties language.

According to hudson (1980:24) a variety is a set of linguistic item with similar social distribution which means that in communication with one another people will understand each other. It can bee seen from the way pronounce the words, and they contruct phrases and the gramatical features.

Another opinion dealing with language variety is stated by wolframs and christian(1984) in soehariyono (23:11). They state the language variety is the fact of society lied with the tradition of people and social factors that distinguish different cultural, social level, and ethnic group from each other as a from of behaviour, language differences simply reflect social differences of one type or another.

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speaker to speaker. In terms of pronounciation of a language, the choice of word and the meaning of those word, and even use of syntactic contrtaction (Akmajian, et al.,: 1995:259). It means that every group of people uses their own variety differs from another.

Holmes (1992:2) states the variety is a sociolinguistic term refering to language context. A variety is a set of sociolinguistic forms under specific social circumstances i.e with a distingtive social distribution. Variety is different linguistic style, different dialects and event other for a social reason. In other words, each group of people use their own variety different from another.

Morover language variation is determind by factors such us time, place, socio-cultural, and situation. Firstly, foctor of time it causes a language variation from time. Secondly, factor of place, it emerges regional dialect. The third, factor of social cultural, its distinguishes social variation called social dialect and the fourth, factor of situation. It differentiates formal and informal situation.

Then, the writer make the conclution that language variety occures because of social variation and variety of language function.

2.4.1 Register

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since, as has already been suggested and will be stressed further, register analysis should not be solely restricted to vocabulary. Register studies should include (and, in fact, most of them do include) other aspects of language as well. As Ferguson (1994: 20) once put it, ‘people participating in recurrent communication situations

tend to develop similar vocabularies, similar features of intonation, and characteristic bits of syntax and phonology that they use in these situations’.

The register occurs from some reasons, because the same person may use very different linguistic items to express more or less the same meaning on different occasions, and as a way of making off insider from outside or to avoid undertanding of rest of people or group which are definitely not from the same group.

Furthemore, the function and effectiveness of register depend on situational context in which those varieties are used or depending on the particular context (Fromkin, Blair and collins: 1999:435) those statements are in line with Holmes that people’s speech reflects not only aspects of their identity such as their

ethnicity, age gender and social background, it also reflecs the contexts in which they are using the language (1992:282)

2.4.2 Jargon

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jargon words can be defined in knowledge stickiness, in the sense that knowledge stickiness entails a process that is difficult to transfer knowledge, the difficultly attributed to the way the information is encoded, as well as the characteristics of the employees or managers, such as their skills and experiences with a particular type of knowledge that need to be transferred . Jargon can be said as a negative term of various kinds such as the use of slang . Finally define it as a language characteristic used by a certain group.

people may not realize that they sometimes play with words when they are interacting wiyh other ordinarily, they manipulate language or even try to create new epressions. The definition of jargon in linguistic dictionary by Kridalaksana (1984:80) as follow: it means jargon is the unique vocabulary which used in such profesional. Such as the vocabularies used by car repairman, carpentry, language teacher etc and jargon often in comprehensible by particular profession.

2.4.3 Slang

Slang is consist of non standart words and phrases in a given language. Slang is usually used by some communities that just the members of the community who know the meaning. Usually, slang used to distinguish a group with other groups. Slang is not appropriate to apply in formal situation such as in school, university, office, etc.

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whereas slang has not. It just has vocabulary which is not profanity and ungrammatical.

2.4.4 Code switching and Code mixing

In daily communication, people frequently face language choice when they communicate with others. They usually choose what the appropriate language or variety should be spoken to the addresse that can be understand each other. Attardo (2000: 73-74) says that communication is not only transmission, it is rather an act of contruction. People need to know the context of the conversation and who the prticipants are to fully describe what is going on. Paradoxically, the interaction creates and also change the message. Thus, Holmes (1992:12) groups some factors or components that are relevant in any particular context that sometimes create and change the message they are:

1. The participants : - who is speaking? And Who are they speaking to?

2. The setting or social context of interaction: where are they speaking? 3. The function : why are they speaking?

Furthemore, Holmes (1992:12) also explains that there are four dimension related to the four components above : they are

1. A social distance scale concerned with the participant relationship. 2. A status scale concerned with the participants relationship.

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As we know that in communication, there are sometimes different participants who also have different social distance, status, formality, and fuctional scale that influence them in choosing code.

There are several reasons why people tend to switch code in communication. They are solidarity, social distance, participants in addition, code switching occurs since there are difficulities in finding the right words at the time of speaking and the speakers can agree on interpretation of switching or borrowing the words from another language to express a concept.

As stated by Saville-T and pascasio in Soehariyono (2003:8-9). The conversational function of code switchings divided into:

a. Qoutation

b. Adressee spesification c. Repetition

d. Interjection

e. Message qualification

f. Personalization and objectivization g. Facility of expression

2.5 Context

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discourse structures and their mutual relationships, for instance the coherence relation between sentences. Traditionally, in sociolinguistics, social contexts were defined in terms of objective social variables, such as those of class, gender, age or race. More recently, social contexts tend to be defined in terms of the social identity being construed and displayed in text and talk by language users. Influenced by space.It is quite a fact that the peoples speech reflects not only aspects of their identity such as their ethnicity, age, gender, and social backround, but it also reflects the contexts in which there are using the language (Holmes, 1992: 282). Thus, we may conclude that only a certain language i appropriate to be use in a certain context. As stressed by Holmes that the way people talk is influenced by the socil contet in wich there are talking (1992:01)

hymes (1962) in brown and yule (1983:37-38) states:

the use of linguistic form identifies a range of meaning. A context can support range of meanings. When a form is use in contexts, it eliminated the meaning posible to that contexts oher than those the form can signal: the contexts eliminate from consideration the meaning possible to the form other than those the contexts than support.

It means that language can not be separated by its context. Context feature definitely plays a great role to conversation or discourse. Since it may influence the meaning of words them selves.

2.6 IKAMABA organitation

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students from Bangkalan. IKAMABA established on May 21, 1997 at IAIN Surabaya by Mr. Syafi 'Rofi'i and friends of Bangkalan. IKAMABA have a special name for its members. Namely tretan/i proposed by Mr. Imam Nahrawi which now serves as the Minister of youth and Sports. Name Tretan/i came from Madura language that has meaning brothers and sisters.

IKAMABA also has a jargon "Je 'Loppah Maker Tretan". The jargon has two meanings. The first, the meaning of the jargon is do not forget to think your brother and sister. The second is do not forget to think. the reason of IKAMABA make such jargon to tighten brotherhood and differentiate it from other communities.

The habit of IKAMABA are reading, discussion and writing. because IKAMABA is a community of scholars who are able to develop its presence in the realm of education and politics. IKAMABA keeping track of developments in Indonesia and criticize what is happening in Indonesia. Because of that IKAMABA is able to say Bhe’ Dhirik (this is I am).

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METODOLOGY

Research metodology is the important aspect of conducting the study or reseach. In this chapter, metodology of how to obtain and to analyze the data are presented. It consists of research design, subject of the study, procedure for data collection(e.g. instrument of the study and data collection technique) and data analyze technique.

3.1 Researh Design

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According to Litosseliti (2010), qualitative approaches are particularly valuable in providing in depth, rich data (p.31). Every method must have different advantages and weakness. In qualitative approach, the advantages could help the writers to do research deeper and got richer data to support the study.

Based on some descriptions about qualitative method above, the writer decided to use qualitative method in her research. It was because the writer thought that this method was suitable with her research. So that this research focused on the human language in society, so the qualitative method was suitable with this study.

3.2 Research Instrument

The main instrument of this research is the researcher becomes the key instrument who plays an important role in obtaining the result of the study. In this research, the instrument will be myself because actevily join the conversation and will be the only instrument that will collect and analyze the data.

3.3 Subject of the researcher

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The writer collected the data in their conversation chat goup in whatsapp aplication. It usually happened at24-hour. The writer choosed the conversation in chat and analized it.

3.4 Data and Data Source

The data of research used instrument which could help to get the data, here the writer used screenshot. The researcher was choosing the conversation in whatsapp message group. IKAMABA whatsapp group has 142 member, these member interact each other. In these group, the member of ikamaba gave some information, sharing, and joke.

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3.5 Data collection

In this study, the writer took the data from conversation member of IKAMABA who did the conversation in Madurese language on whatsapp message group. She screenshat the chat from the conversation member of ikamaba with mobile phone and save it in laptop.

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3.6 Data analysis

In this part, I explain the steps one by one to analyze the data.

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FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This data analysis describes the variation of language employed by conversation member IKAMABA SURABAYA on whatsapp messages group in the form of words and sentences. The analysis of language variation in IKAMABA whatssap messanges group by member IKAMABA is delivered into five parts; register, jargon, slang, code mixing and social context. In the last part, the writer desiphered the results.

4.1 Language varieties Used by member IKAMABA organization in whatsapp messages group.

Language is the primary tool for communication purposes; for establishing peace and order in society, for showing authority and power, and for attaining goals and objectives. But, it can also destruct the society if it is used in inappropriately Society. However, controls the language by giving preferences as what are acceptable and not is because each one of community has its own perception or point of view.

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4.1.1 Register

A variation of language which a group of specialist often develop to talk about their specially. It could be described an occupational style (Holmes, 1992:276). It means register is variant of language used in the particular jobs communities to describe the specific vocabulary associated with different occupational group or social group. The writer found the answer of the first statement of problem in this study, there are 8 registers used by member IKAMABA on whatsapp messages group.

The unique vocabularies of some occupations are usually known only by people who use the word. In other word, the are can also have their own form of specialized language. Which are learned by all those who take up a particular job. It contains vocabulary, pronounciation, and phrasecology which are differentiated from another.

The registers which are used by member IKAMABA in whatsapp message group. The are ngopi, toron/ongge, nyeddeh and the last bhuk tuan.

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Those special terms may be called as consultative register. They were usually employed in IKAMABA whatsapp messages group which did diologue between one member to another member. In other words, the special terms which were used by member, generally related to the activities of the member communicating members.

Finally, the conversation related to the the register mentioned above can be seen in conversation no 1 – 4. The conversation function as the context in which the register are used.

1. Data 1 (the use of register ‘ngopi’)

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2. Data 2 (the use of register toron / ongge)

The term of ‘toron ongge’ in here is a ‘Go back to Madura and back from Madura’ The meaning of the words it should be is different from the general meaning that we used in daily conversation.

3. Data 3 (the use of register ‘Nyeddeh’)

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4. Data 4 (the use of register ‘bhuk toan’)

Here the term ‘bhuk toan’ means senior girlfriend or senior boyfriend, but in daily conversation the term of ‘bhuk toan’ is different from IKAMABA members used in daily conversation, the words "bhuk toan" is a call for people who have been haji but in IKAMABA whatsapp messages group the 'bhuk toan' is used to senior girlfriend or senior boyfriend.

The analysis of language should be done in the context of the use because language can not be apart from its context. It means the language depend on the context where it is found. Context may influence the meaning and may limit the range of possible interpretation and supporting the intended interpretation. Than man can not interpret the meaning of language, only they do not also reveal the context of that language related to. Here, the context has an important role to describe what the intended meaning of varieties which are used by members in conversation with the nother member in IKAMABA whatsapp messages group.

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Some times, the member of IKAMABA used special word when they communicate each other. The form of jargon in IKAMABA whatsapp message group can be found in the form of word, phrase, abbreviation, and acronym. The data are collected from conversation member of IKAMABA in whatssapp message group.

Actually, there were several jargon which were used by member of IKAMABA in whatssapp messages group.

Table 4.2 : Jargon

Tretan- tretani Form of call for other member of Ikamaba

KMI Kacong mahfud institute

Jhe’ loppa mekker ttretan 1. Dont forget to study

2. Dont forget to our brother (The solidarity of each member) Presmata Forum discussion of student Tanjung

bumi

Tretan pena Form of call for other member of ikamaba

Kuil sakti 17 Basecamp ikamaba

KLF Forum discussion of filsafat

Sensasi Magazine formed ikamaba

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Sunior Senior

Based on the table of the data above, it seen the word and phrase used by member of IKAMABA in forum discussion of whatsapp message group Jargon used by IKAMABA member to form communications with each other. Jargon used IKAMABA members in the form of words, abbreviations and sentences. The writer found 10 kinds of jargon used by member IKAMABA.

5. Data 5 (the use of jargon ‘Tretan-tretani’)

The term tretan ‘tretani’ used by member of IKAMABA to call other IKAMABA

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6. Data 6 (The use of jargon ‘KMI’)

The term of KMI is abbreviation of kacong mahfud institute. KMI is an institute buith by the alumni of IKAMABA. KMI is located in Bangkalan Madura, it is the same as IAK Place or second home use: for member of IKAMABA. The difference is that, the bascamp of IKAMABA occupyies students who are still active as lectures, while the occupying KMI is an alumni of IKAMABA.

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In here jargon jhe’ loppa mekker tretan have have 2 meaning ; 1.) jhe’ loppa mekker tretan is a sentence that always remind us as students to what our duty here is to learning and to process. 2.) jhe’ loppa mekker tretan in here means Dont forget to our brother, if one of member has problem then all members of the IKAMABA will feel the issue (The solidarity of each member).

8. Data 8 (the use of jargon ‘PRESMATA’)

In communication above the term “PRESMATA” in the sentence is said by one of the member of IKAMABA to inform that there is place named PRESMATA . PRESMATA is forum discussion of student of Tanjung bumi or the second to the IKAMABA basecamp.

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Here the term ‘Tretan pena’ is a company engaged in the contributor of books founded by alumni of IKAMABA, whereas all employees are alumni members IKAMABA. Tretan penaretan pena usually used by members of IKAMABA for to transit or visit senior IKAMABA while in Bangkalan

10.Data 10 (The use of jargon ‘Kuil sakti 17’)

The term of kuil sakti 17 is the name of IKAMABA basecamp, this name was usually used by member of ikamaba to do conversation in their camp. This is sepecial name to IKAMABA basecamp which is located in Wonocolo Gg 3.

11.Data 11 (The use of jargon ‘KLF’)

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IKAMABA study forum, KLF members usually consist of students around 1-5 semesters.

12.Data 12 SENSASI

The terms of ‘SENSASI’ is the name of a press agency formed by IKAMABA engaged in journalism. SENSASI, is a forum for members of ikamaba who focus in the field of journalism, so the members who have the potential in the field of journalism can be channeled.

13.Data 13 (The use of jargon ‘IAK ‘)

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4.1.3 Slang

Slang word is a part of language varieties which is usually used by member IKAMABA in whatsapp messages group, member of group and in daily conversation. In this research, the writer used the conversation in whatsapp messages group by people in KAMABA, because the writer found some slang words in the lyrics.

As the examples of some the data are taken from lyrics that.

Table 4.3 : The data of slang words that are used in conversation by member IKAMABA in whatsapp messages group.

Slang

Translation

Syuuut Like Yess phrase

Masyuuuuk Like agree phrase

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Syuuud Like yess phrase

Adiks Sister

Sunior Senior

Akarkar Busy

Jaga foto Keep your dignity

14.Data 14 (The use of slang ‘Syuuut’)

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15.Data 15 (The use of slang ‘Masyuuk’)

The term of ‘masyuuuk’ like the meaning of the word ‘syuuut’, equally meaning to agree with what the other person is saying. But the use of the word ‘masyuuk’ more formal than the word 'syuuut'. And ‘masyuuk’ is still often used when the member are studying or talking formal condition, but for word ‘syuuut’ is not used at all informal condition. The word ‘syuuut’ often comes out when they are joking

16.Data 16 (The use of slang ‘Hajar lek’)