Star dard Aircraft. T re Pressure. A B c D A B C D. High K-80 K« I 11 I " I ^ 1 * 1 " ' 13 I S I ^ I U ' 15 ' 16 I " I " I " r14

(1)

Tipe Pesawat Maximum Apron Mass

and Operating Empty

Mass _oad on One Main Gear

Leg

Star T dard Aircraft re Pressure ACNrelatrveto

Rigid pavement subgrades

Flexible pavement subgrades

A B c D A B C D

High

K« 160 Medium K - 8 0 Low k = 40

Ultralow

High

K-20 CBR-15

Medium Low Veryow

CBR-3 CBR-10 CBR-6 lbs

kgs

% Psi

Kg/cm2 Mpa

MN/m'

% % % % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 MD-90-30ER 168500 69000 76430 40370 47 0 193 13.57 1.33 51 53 56 57 44 48 52 55 24 25 26 27 21 21 24 27 DHC7 DASH7 43800 26000 19867 46.75 107 7.55 0 74 11 \7 6 13 13 10 11 12 14 11793 6 7 7 5 6 6 8 DASH8 Series 100 34700 22000 16740 47.1 131 ».21 0.90 9.0 9.4 10.0 104 7.8 8.2 9.4 10.6 Standard Tlree 9979 6.1 5.4 5.9 6.1 4.6 4.7 5.2 62 DASH 8 Series 100 34700 22000 16740 47.1 77 6.41 0.53 7.7 8.3 9.0 9.6 6.8 7.4 ee 104

Optional Tires

9979 44 4.8 5.3 6.6 34 42 48 6.1 Domler 228-101/201 13250 8010 44.2 70 4.9 D.48 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.2 31 3.8 4.6 28 49 8224 3730 2.4 25 16 16 1.9 14 30 Domler 228-202 13734 S230 46.1 74 6.1 0.60 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5 3.4 4.1 49 51 6354 3789 2.5 26 17 2.8 11 2 5 ao 31 Domler 228-212 14176 6430 46.1 76 6.2 0.61 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 3 6 4.3 51 5.3 8398 3809 2.6 17 17 1 8 11 16 30 31 Domler 328-100 30247 19423 13720 46.2 116 8.16 0.80 7.6 8 1 8.6 8.9 6.3 7.0 81 9 1 8810 4.6 4.8 6.1 6.4 3.8 4.1 45 55 EmbrawEMB 120 RT 25529 17066 11580 7760 47.4 115 MM 0.80 6.4 3.9 6.8 4.2 7.2 75 S3 5.8 66 77 4.6 4.7 3.3 3.6 40 4.8 Embraer EMB 120 ER 26609 17213 12070 7808 47.4 127 893 0.88 6.9 4.1 7.3 7.7 8.0 5.8 6.1 70 8.0 4.4 4.6 4.9 3.4 3.7 41 48 Embraer ERJ 145 RT 42649 25573 19300 47.2 131 8.21 091 11 0 11.7 124 129 9.4 10.1 116 131 11600 6.0 6.4 6.9 7.2 5.2 6.6 61 7.2 Embraer ERJ 145 ER 45635 26673 20700 47.2 139 9.77 0.96 112 12.9 13.6 14.1 10.6 11.1 12 ' 14.3 11600 6.1 6.5 6.9 7.3 6.3 5.6 61 7.2

Embraer ERJ 170 79697 36150 47.6 150 10.6 1.04 22 24 25 26 20 21 24 2<i

'

45636

20700

I

11 I "

'

13

' 14

I 1°

I 11

I 12 I

U

Embraer ERJ 176 ' 83026 57660 47.5

L

10.6 1.04

I ^ 1 *

' 26 ' 26

I M

I "

' 24

I X

'

47399

51500

'

11 _{1 "}

' 13 ' 14

I 1°

I "

'

12 [

M

Embraer ERJ 190 STD ' 106712

'

65037

17950 29500 46.3

f.61

107 1.04

"""24

' 26 ' 28 ' 29 r 22

I "

I *

' X ' 13

1 M

'

15 '

16 I "

I n

'

14 I

15

Embraer ERJ 1*0 LR

'

111246

'

66037

60460 46.2

psi

10.7 1.04

I S

I ^

' 29

'

31 I M

I *

' 27

r

32

29500

'

13 I U

' 15 ' 16

I "

'

14 [

15

Embraer ERJ 190 AR

'

114553

'

65037

51960 46.1 161 107 1.04 ' 26

I "

' 30

'

32 I 2i

I M

' 28

r

33 59500

'

13 _r14

'

15

' 16

I n

I "

' 14

I 15

Embraer ERJ 195 ' 115631 52449

58970

47.5

k»

11.2 1.10 ' 31

'

16 '

16

' 35

'

36 r

28 I M

' 33

[ M

'

63868

' 17 ' 18

I

14 I M 1 16 I

18

FokJier 27 Standard Mk 200/400/500/600

'

45000

'

25000

20412 47.35

So

5.62 0.56 ' 10

r"

' 12 ' 13

r8

I 1°

' 12

I

'4

11340

' 5

r °

'

6 '

6 r

4 I 5

' 6

r

7

Fokker 27 RFV

'

45O00

' 25000 50412 47.3

r

4.08 0.40

'~8

' 4

r9

' 10

r~ii

l 6

I 8

' 11

l

13

Mk 200/400/500/600 11340

r *

'

5 '

6 r

3 _{1 "}

' 5

I

6

(2)

Tipe Pesawat

Maximum Apron Mass

and Operating Empty

Mass Load o n One Main Gear

L»0

Standard Aircraft Tire Pressure ACN relative to

Rigid pavement subgrades Flexible pavement subgrades

A B c D A B C D

High

K-150

Medium Low Ultralow

High

CBR- 16 Medium CBR-10 Low CBR-6 Very!ow CBR-3 K-80 k - 4 0 K - 2 0 bs

kgs

% Psi

Kg/cm2

Mpa MN/m'

MN/m'

MN/m' MN/m' % % t. % ' 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

' ,3

14

' 16

Fokker 28

Mk 1000 High Tire Pressure

' 66500

' 35000 50164

HS876

46.4

koo

7.03 0.69

r

15 '

7

' 16

'

8 '

8

' 18

'

9 '

6 I ,5

'

7

' 17

'

8 '

20 '

10

Fokker 28 Mk 1000 LowTIre Pressure 66500

r

33500

30164 46.4

r

4.92 0.48

r"

' 14

I 16

' 17 ' 10

I "

' 16

r

19 16876

'

6

' 7

r

7 '

8 I

6 I 6

r

7 r

9

Fokker28

Mk 2000 High Tire Pressure

' 65O00 36000 59484 46.9 fl02 7.17 0.70 r 15 ' 17

r "

' 19

l "

I

1S

' -.8

f

20 (6676

r

'

7 I 8

'

9 I *

r

7 '

8 r

9

Fokker 28 Mk 2000 LowTIre Pressure 55000 55000 59484

16876

46.9

r

5.00 0.49

f

13

' 16

I 1$

r

17 r~lo

I "

r 17

rx

I 6

'

7 _{I 8}

'

8 i *

r

i

' 7

r9

Fokker 28 Mk 3000/4000 High Tire Pressure F3000 38000 53113 46.5

koi

7.10 0.70

r

17

' 18

I 19

' 20

I u

i "

' 19

i 2

17240

_{r •}

I *

r

9 '

10 f 7

r •

r 9

i 1°

Fokker 26 Mk 3000/4000 LowTIre Pressure 73000 38000 53113 46.5

k

5 48 3.54

r

is

' 17

I 18

' 19

I "

r 16

* 19

i **

17240 7 8 8 9 6 7 8 10 FokkorSO

High Tire Pressure

45900 27886 20820 47.8 [86 6.98 0.59) 10 11 12 13 8 10 12 14 12649 SO 5.62 0.66 e 6 7 7 ( 6 6 8 Fokker 60 LowTIre Pressure 459O0 20820 47 8 60 4.22 0.41 9 10 11 12 6 9 11 14 27886 12649 5 5 6 7 4 5 6 8 FokkerlOO S85O0 53736 44680 24375 47.8 142 9.96 0.98 28 13 29 14 31 15 32 16 26 12 27 13 X U 32 16 L-100-20 155800 75409 70670 24.1 106 7.36 0.72 30 33 36 38 27 31 33 38 34205 14 15 16 17 12 14 15 16 L-100-30 155800 76602 70670 34701 24.2 106 7.38 0.72 30 33 36 38 27 31 33 39 14 16 16 17 12 14 16 17 L-1011-1 432000 195952 108862 47.4 193 13.56 1.33 45 62 62 73 52 56 66 91 240000 24 25 28 33 26 27 29 38 L-1011-10O/2O0 468000 212281 110986 46.8 175 1Z34 1.21 46 56 66 78 66 61 73 100 244682 23 24 28 32 26 26 30 38 L-1011 -500 498000 240136 225889 108924 46.2 184 1295 1.27 60 69 72 84 60 65 79 107 23 24 27 31 25 26 28 36 YS-11A 51800 23500 15500 4511 77 5.40 0.53 9 10 11 12 8 10 11 13 34170 6 6 e * C 7 8 9 Antonov An-12 134480 70547 61000 32000 46.0 107 7.54 0.74 13 7 17 7 20 8 23 10 16 7 18 7 ?1 9 26 11 Antonov 496035 2*1245 225000 118500 46.9 71 5.00 0.49 25 27 27 37 28 36 43 61 An-22 12 14 15 15 12 15 18 24 Antonov An-24 46296 29541 21000 13400 46.6 71 5.00 049 9 10 11 12 7 9 11 14 5 6 7 7 4 s e 8 Antonov 52910 24000 46.6 66 3.97 0.39 9 10 12 13 7 9 12 15 All-26 33069 16000 6 6 6 7 4 ( 7 8 Antonov An-32 59524 41887 27000 19000 46.7 71 5.00 0.49 12 13 14 16 9 12 14 ' 7 8 • 9 10 6 t 9 11

(3)

Tipe Pesawat

Maximum Apron Mass

and Operating Empty

Mass Load on One Main Gear Leg Standard Aircraft Tire Pressure ACN relative to

Rigid pavement subgrades

Flexible pavement subgrades

A B C D A B C D

High

Medium Low Ultralow

High

CBR- 15 Medium CBR-10 Low CBR-6 ^eryow CBR-3 K- 150 K-60 k - 4 0 K - 2 0 lbs kgs % Pal

Kg/cm2

Mpa MN/m' MN/m'

MN/m'

% % % % '

'

2

3 4 6 6 7

f 8

9 10

'

11 '12

13 14 16 Antonov ?6059 54500 45.9

_*1

5.00 0.49

r l

r is ' 14

'

16 '

9 '

12 f

14 '

16

An-72

«1887

19000

'

6 f

7 r

s

V 6

r

8

r 7 ' 8 Antonov An-124-100 377430 596828 598000

180000

47.9

*67

11.0 1.08

r*i36

f 49

'

74

' 101

'

50

* 58 * 73 ' 100

f

16 [ 16

'

19 '

26 r

17 y

19

r 22

'

30

Antonov 1322760

569968

Sooooo

264000

47.5

m

1103 1.18

'

41 f

56 '

84 f

122 r

55 t

64 f

81

' 110 An-228

'

16 r

16 '

19 '

25 _{I 17}

r

19

r 22 r » IL-18

k«2197

•49N

47.0

133

9.38 092

'

16 I x

* 24

f

27 f

18 r"

l 24

'

31 73854

53500

'

7 l *

' 10

r

ii

I *

r *

r

9 r

13

IL-62M

570373

157408 168000 47.0 167 11.01 1.08

'

16 I 52

'

17

62

'

19 '

71 » 22

'

17 r

18 f

67 f

83 '

20 '

26

71400 IL-62 558468

146387

162600 47.0 167 11.01 108

I ,2

'

14 I "

'

60 t

69 I *7

r

r 64 r 79 66400

_I

_1S

r

18 I 2°

I 1$

ke

r 18 r 24 IL-76T 3769S6 184746 171000 83800 23.5 86 6.02 0.59 29 29 32 33 24 27 34 45 10 13 13 14 9 10 12 16 IL-76TD 421078 192241 191000 87200 23.5 100 7.03 0.69 36 35 36 40 29 32 11 40 13 53 17 12 14 15 16 10 IL-86 477295 244094 216500 110700 31.2 136 3.48 3.93 26 31 38 45 34 36 44 61 14 16 17 20 16 17 19 23 IL-96 509355 231000 111600 31.7 157 11.00 1.08 36 43 52 61 42 46 57 76 245858 16 16 19 23 17 18 20 26 II..114 50164 31973 22760 47.5 36 6.02 0.59 11 12 13 14 9 11 13 16 14500 6 7 8 8 6 6 7 9 Saab340B 28800 17716 13065 46.5 116 8.09 0.79 7.4 7.9 8.3 8.6 6.1 6.8 7.8 9.0 8036 4.6 48 5.1 5.3 3.8 42 48 5.5 Saab 2000 50706 23000 47.5 165 11.62 1.14 146 16.2 15.8 16 2 12.5 13.1 14.8 16.2 30203 13700 7.8 8.2 8.7 9.1 6.8 7.1 7.8 9.0 TU-134A 104940 64706 47600 29350 456 120 8.50 0.83 11 13 16 19 12 13 16 21 7 8 9 10 7 8 9 12 TU-154B 216050 117946 98000 45.1 135 9.50 0.93 19 25 32 38 20 24 30 38 53500 8 10 13 17 10 11 IS 16 TU-204 206130 121187 935O0 54970 45.4 199 13.97 1.37 23 27 32 37 25 28 33 43 12 14 16 18 13 14 15 20 YAK-40 35274 21386 16000 440 56 3.97 0.39 9 9 10 10 7 9 11 13 9700 6 6 6 8 4 6 7 8 YAK-42 124560 70106 66500 31800 47.0 127 8.97 088 13 16 20 23 15 16 20 26 • 7 9 10 7 8 9 11

(4)

APPENDIKS F

TATA CARA PERHITUNGAN COVERAGES

F. 1

COVERAGES DAN PASS-TO-COVERAGE RATIO

F.1.1 Coverages dapat diartikan sebagai jumlah perkerasan yang menerima

tegangan maksimum akibat lalu lintas pesawat. Hubungan antara

passes dan coverages tergantung dari berbagai faktor diantaranya

jumlah dan lebar spasi roda pada main gear pesawat, lebar area kontak

antara roda dan permukaan perkerasan dan distribusi beban pesawat

yang diteruskan ke perkerasan. Coverages dihitung berdasarkan rumus

berikut:

Passes

Coverages =

yWz

Dimana :

Pass to Coverage Ratio

F.1.2 Nilai Pass to Coverages Ratio dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan

r u m u s :

1 Pass to coverages Ratio =

Beban satu roda.

Wt =Contact area roda pesawat (0.878 j

_{Tyre Pressure}

Y

= fungsi distribusi normal, ditentukan dengan menggunakan kurva

pada Gambar FI

untuk tujuan kepraktisan, Pass to Coverages Ratiountuk berbagai

konfigurasi roda pendaratan ditampilkan dalam Tabel Fldan Tabel F2.

Tabel FI Nilai Pass to Coverages Ratio

Main Wheel GearType"

Pass-to-Coverage Ratio

Runway

Taxiwa

Stand

Single

See Table 7

Dual

32

21

1 Dual-Tandem

18

1.31

05 Tndem

144

1

033 Tabel F2 Nilai Pass to Coverages Ratio Pesawat Konfigurasi Roda Single Wheel

ACN of Aircraft

Tyre

Pressure

MPa

Up to 10

11-20

21-40

Over 40

All

Runway

Taxiway

Runway

Taxiway

Runway

Taxiway

Runway

Taxiway

Stands

Upto 1.0

1.0 to 1.5

>1.5

8

10

12

4

5

6

8

10

3

•1

5

6

7

25

3

35

4

5

6

2

25

3

1

(5)

lhataooa fro™ ihe wfteal oa"tfa-an»

(m|

Gambar F1 Nilai y Terhadap Jarak Dari Centre Line Roda

Contoh perhitungan Pass to Coverage Ratio (Contoh Appendix D,Defence

Estates, UK :

Konfigurasi roda:

0

Load pw »he»i M0St*g 1760 - 275.245 « 10"N

-0

0

Tyre pressure: 1.43 N/mm

(6)

Fungsi y

Jarak

centre line

Wheel 1

(mm)

Wheel 1

Wheel 2

Wheel 3

Wheel 4

Y TOTAL

0

0.516

0.120

0.516

0.120

1.272

100

0.512

0.149

0.512

0.149

1.322

200

0.499

0.180

0.499

0.180

1.358

300

0.479

0.216

0.479

0.216

1.390

400

0.451

0.254

0.451

0.254

1.410

500

0.412

0.294

0.412

0.294

1.412

600

0.382

0.334

0.385

0.334

1.432

660

0.357

1.428 Catatan: Nilai y pada wheel 2 adalah hasil dari ploting nilai (1.32 - x) pada

Gambar FI dimana x adalah jarak centre line Wheel 1. Begitu juga dengan

nilai y pada wheel 3 dan wheel 4.

Pass to coverages Ratio =

=

1.8 1.432x0.385

F.2 MIXED TRAFFIC

F.2.1 Dalam hal pengoperasian berbagai jenis pesawat, perlu diperhatikan

hubungan antara karakteristik pembebabanan pesawat antara satu

dengan yang lainnya. Oleh karena itu, dalam desain maupun evaluasi

digunakan coverage ekuivalen. Coverage ekuivalen merupakan hasil

pembagian antara coverage dengan faktor coverage yang ditampilkan

dalam Gambar F2 dan Gambar F3.

(7)