Hindi Saahityetihas-Lekhan Ki Prnpara Aur Dr. Ramvilas Sharma Ke Etihas-Drishti: Ek Anushiln

T ^ , f^nlV fwMTT

inO*nf -202002

y

CHAIRMAN

D E P A R T M E N T O F H I N D I

F A C U L T Y O F A R T S

ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH-202 002

Telex : 5 6 4 - 2 3 0 A M U I N Phones: Off 27009201 Ext.

2700921 > 1460 2700922 j 1461 Res. (0571) 2740041

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma D.O.A. 2

nd

Nov. 2004, Admission No. 400320, Enrolment No. CC-2760, has

been a regular Research Scholar in the department for a period of

two years from the date of his admission.

The Ph.D. thesis of the candidate entitled "Hindi

Sahityetilias-Leldian Ki Parampara aur Dr. Ramvilas Stiarma

Ki Itihas- Drishti: Ek Anusheelan.^ has been completed under the

supervision of Dr. Ramesii Chand Rawat and submitted for

evaluation in the department of Hindi on date .... IM

(Reader)

DEPARTMENT OF HINDI

ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

ALIGARH-202002 (INDIA)

Dated: }&.:Q.Z.Zf>Q^,

Certificate

:^.,

/ ...,. f ' 81

Certified that the thesis entitled "Hindi Sahityetihas-Lekhan

Ki Parampara Aur Dr. RamVilas Sharma Ki Itihas-Drishti:

Ek Anusheelan" for the Ph.D. Degree (Hindi) of A.M.U. by Mr.

Shashi Kant Sharma is an original work. It is the result of his own

endeavour. Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma has fulfilled all the condition

laid down in the ordinance of A.M.U. Aligarh.

P

, M ^

Dr. Ramesh Chand 'Rawat'

m

»

Ik

«k

Ik

«k

«k

|k

5

I

s

_I

i

I

ik

»

«k

«k

<k

»

«k

Ik

Ik

Ik

I ^

r

I® p73^s-«rsr ®

^ ^ ^ 7 ^ t l ? ^ ^fTFT^ f l ^ ^mfl?^ c^ ^fcTFRT c^"?!^ ^ T ^ e ! ^

TTSTt ^ ^ I 3TraT4 ? W ^ 5RTR t^cf^, ^ o TFTcpR cmf, ^ o J|UiMfcl^< ^ ^

% ^ 11 v F g ^ ^<\^ tepft ^ ^ ^ t^<\^ ^ f ^ f » ^ ^ f ^ ^ ^PFrWT3ft

II

^ ^ 3M5T ^ MR^lRd f ^ ^ 11 ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ ^ Rll^H g^?T^ 3fr? q5f-qf^f^3ft

^ |%^?5^ q ^ 11 3 ^ ?T^ ^ ^ ^ f t ^ ^ ^ 3 ^ f^RH Sfk ^ ^ ^ ^ 3(KRT^ ^

^ ^ R ^ TT?^ ^?^ ^ 11 3T^: ^ 3TWM ^ >iHlf^r<M ^ MR'Hm!, ^frfFR7-^#T,

I l l ^ ^ f F g ^ 3 T ^ >HH>l^ll^ ^ SHcft f I 3IcT: ^ SmY^ ^ fP^ >!-tlf^r-M ^ ^ R l ^ K i Wip] 1 1 3KT: ? ^ STKfFT ^ f l ^ W f ^ ^ ^ H|cK^c||({l fcmR£TRI ^ g-HTcf ^ oJTRsm ^ ^ t l rl^at 3TK7FT xJHl^dKH W^ ^ ^frfFTfT ^ 3ft? f | ^ ^m1t??T CR 3TT£[Tf^ 1 1 ^ ^mftc^TWt ^ TTfT^f-^fFRT ^ >Hlf^r-M ^ ^fcl^KH f e R I ^ ^

q^TRT tor t R ^ f^T^FfT 3TRTFf >Hlf^c-M cPT ^fcT^m # c r ^ ^ cFToT t ^JcRI

3TRTH t ^ I ^ ^^3T? t f ^ 3Tift cTcp w f t c ^ f ^ ^fcmRT cf^ ^ ^ ^

IV

^ 3m^ q ^ ^ ^j^^cR ;gto 7 ^ ^EF^ ^ r ^ , ^t^^, f ^ ^ f^Fm,

S ^ ^ ^ t f ^ q^ ^ ^ T ^ ^RF^H ^ ^ t Sfr? 1¥rsT f^r^RT m^ ^T#^ ^

V

f^TfTTT cj^ Sl'tZfeT ^ o g ^ ^Pra#n ^ g ^ ^ ? T f ^ smTR ^ ^ ^

^ZTW ^ P ^ ^ ^ 3 T q ^ g % T ^ f n f ^ xl-IH^cll f f ^ f # ^ ^FRT-^fnTO m M\ ^Pf^il^

f^^!TT 3ft^ ^ ^ ^ ufcT ^ vj^HI^ iTci ^rf^peq ^ T f R ^ W^m] \ ^ J ^

W ^ 3rj>jler 1 1 ^ 3TmT^ f f ^ ^ 3TRo6fto?Tfrf [^TTi^ >!HJ|dH 3TT^;^

VI

^ ^FRT W^.

RHHCM

m ^ ^ ^!T^ f^dcll ^?^, ' ^ ^ 3TFrR U<^1^

CJT^^

W r f ^ f ^ ^ t t ^ ^ ^ ^ f ^ r ^ ^ ^f^ ^ R ^ I ^ r f l ^ ^frPfcft 3T%TT ^ ^

^ 3 ^ f ^ ^ 31lc4li|c1l ^ i e f ^ ^ W ^ ^ ^^cT5T f I ^ 3 ^ ^ - ^ f B d R ^ C | K H ^ ^

^f^^^ 3T^^m^ ^ t ^ l ^^T^ f^dcl^lRill ^ -Id^d T3TTtMc[ ^ ^flt^ ^ ^H^

^R M i ^ ^ ^ ^ c F ^ t RiH4>i te^ ^mf^^TEZT ^ ^5cFT

^ ^ 11 W^ W^ ^ 3 m t ^ ^I^TR 1 % (>iH^|ilc|7 ^JF^mFfT 3 T t e ^ ) , 3T^yFfT WT\

VII

^JeTTfT ^^f^ ^HR^, Lhlfrl^l, 3 ^ iRTeT, ^ T R ^ ^ , ^fteFf ^ , 3TRT5TT ^ITcJ^T,

# ^ a ? t , GlHcJl^ eTTef STpJ, to i#^grr 3nf^ ^ M ^ ^f^ ^ 3fRT^ t f^T^t^

^^^\^ ^ ^ ^5^^m ^^f^ ^ dcMxidI R ^ I 3m: ^ ? ^ T ^ ? T f ^ 3fNR ^Jf^W

VIII

f ^ ^ I4o-^.2oo^,

?Tf^ ^ n ^ ^mt

f3l>fe//d^<Hf3/Ch/ ®

gT^=^5.pT I-VIII

f t c f r ^ a i e W T 67^138

(1) ^pfcT q 4 fp^

^[TT1%C^

^ ^f^^^:]^_Ti?jf I

(2) ^pfeT g^ft^T % ^ NHlf^cil ^ ^fcl^K-l TT^T I

(3) ^pFcTtxR ^ferrf TJ^Tl

(1) ^ f ^ ^ HIHchxI^I ^ ^ f F R ^ !

(2) ^mcT f^THT^JpI ^ vMH^i-^l I

^cftZ[ 3{E2TFT 139-178

> HIcN^clK 3 f ^ W f ^ l

(1) ^FFfM 3ik ^ m f ^ I

(2) czrf^ 3fr^ xHlf^r-M I

(3) ^-^FTEI^ 3 f k ^if^cM I

(4) xHlf^ciJchK ^ cpf Zf?r ^FFPRTT I

(5) >Hlf^ci|: cPf m r i H cf^ ^feUTR I

(6) >Hlf^riJ: ^NHIc^ch f^aTT ^ ^fTTHTfT I

(7) xHHMc||c{l ^STT^cfK: WoU ^ WT ten I

(1) ^ ^ f ^ l

(2) vdM-MlxH I

(3) ^F^?T^I

(4) ^^TT^^ 3 f k W P T I

(5) ^ a n i

> HlcKic||41 #

^ ? T T ^ |

> xHlf^eil ^ ' ^ Rlc^ld ^ 1 ^ HlcH^c|l41 fiRPT |

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ « 7 T < T 179-222

(1) ^f^ 3{F^flePf I

(2) llf?|c|)!c?H ^PTcJT I

(3) Hc|vi1MKU| I

xpcR 3Te3TPT 223-261

(1) cl^llPlcbdl I

(2) T^fcTFTfto ^ I

(3) xHHxHHRlchdl efttri

^ (4) ^f^Tef-fcmp^n I

(5) HHchx!U| I

NdM>M6K 262-268

MRI^I«C

269-286

§1 Is

SI f S

o f ^ Q

si Is

^«rq 3I»TPT:

^fcl^K-l ^ M t"? ^ 3T?^P^ ^PRel ^ ^ 1 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ 0 ^ ^ o R ^cRT

^Jlfe^ a f k ^ t t% 3T^ cT^ ?fct?RT ^ ^ ^ ^ # m ^ MR'^mi Plf^^cl ^

^ ^ ^ 3 t f ^ f^f^R^ eft t ^ w a r ^ 3Trft?T ciafT dc^HH ^ ^ 3T^T^R?T ^R^^T^^IK

^fci^KH ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ wu^ % I >nm'-Mciiii uH>niyKUi w ^ ^ - ^ e f r ^TFT

^MQ\< ^ arg^TR: '^Rl^KH mkL&. ^ #fTT eT^ W^ W^ ^ f M t f%

^«nT 3T«IPT:

^fcl^KH cTTt 1 % ^ ^ MR^mi ^ effe^ 3Tc^T^ ^^f^ % ^fcfff^

^ n l M f ^ ^frf^RT ?T^ 3T^^ 3TFT ^ 3 R q ^ t i' ^ qR^mi ^ g^m ^ 3 ^ ^ f ^ ^

f^m^ ^ ^FReT ?TSn %TTRT ^HR!T 11^

^ « R 3TWTPT:

1 ^ W ^ M ^ ^ 5fH t ^ H ^ ^ t f ^ ^3fr^ ^ ^ 3 X R M 11 (Not onh- it

is branch of knovvledae to be studied for its own sake but a kind of knowiedae

which is useful lo men in daily Ufe)^ ^^f^ ^JcT^TO W\ 3TCqTR 3 T ^ cf^ ^JcH?^^

^ 5TH RM ^R^ ^ fef^ g^^cTT t

$fc16KH ^ cTK^4 f^rf^^IcT cT8^f t cfSTT 3N^ 3ffMrj|Rct) 3T4 ^ ^ TJ^ cT«7 ^

^«rq an^TR:

oqm4>cii ^ eft ^ e r T^rrf^ ^STT t ^ K ^ ^JW^ cTs^icHc^ai ^^ ^ M ^ ^rei

R ^ ^qr 11 ^ ^ ^ ^ MRnmi vi-^>n41'

^TCTT^

^

^ICI^KT

^ ^ 5 ^

^TNUTT

TT^ oqc|e;Kc]|41 Rjdcb)" CT9TT ^ f c T ^ M W f c^ 3T5^7R: '^frTFM PlR^cl cT2^^ ^

^Rt^KH ^ t , ^ ^ 1% ^f^pfR ^ TKT t l ^ ^ ^ f : ' ^ f r l ^ m H ^ ^ ^

cb^i^l ^ 3jfciRcKi afk ^ ^ ^ t r^° 3Tn:

^ J ^ ^ T T

MRHmi3# ^ ^

MIHll^lcj^ ^TPT^ ^ J f ^ McT ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ 3T^[?^ ^^T^ ?t W^ t %

^ « R 3T«^FT:

HMfc^^fn ^f^^^ FtcTT 1 1 3TcT: ^fcl^KH 3{efrcT ^ cjcJHM ^ f ^ l^TfJ ^ t I

^J^ ^ Wn^ ^ ^ W^ % I ^ W ^ '^!TFTP^ ^5R' t , ^ z r f ^ f ^ ^ 3TaT^JT >1Tf

xi«nT 3TKTPT:

3. ^fcl^KH ? T ^ ^ cfr^!M 3T9f t , ^T^^FT 3TST^ ^ ^ W ^ ^TTR^^F^,

^ ^ Rl^c|xH4|ilc11 ^ ^ ^ WcU m^ cTazfi ^f^ 3TTcTT t I ^^fTe^ fe^^ ^

^«R atrewT: ^ t f ^ ^ 1066 ^ er?T ^fT^, cR^ ?^!Tfc^ 1% cf^ Zfjft ^fT^PT ^ c^ ^TFT ^ 5^]p^RT ^HTcTT t !^ ^fcTFRT^f^R c|^ cfTpJ ^fTT^ ^ ^ ^fTRfter cTS^ff ^ ^ ^ B W ^ ^ ^ FfrfT t t% ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^CTcTTSit ^ ^ ^ , f ^ R T ^ 3TTETK q ^ 3Rq ^ ^

^B^fHTT t ^ ^fTPnfr T ^ '^. w H T f r

-- 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. •- 5.

1

Qld^lHHcb U-^il

5^

R^c^4i ^STef ' H H i f t " ^ ^ 9 : ^ 3 ^lN!l|U|cb JJHLI cl5llM4) iJ^^^ >l-illB!riJcb iJ^^| 1. 2. 3. 4. -5. -1 f ^ ^fcrFRT eft W^ ^IcTFRT ^ cf^ ^>TFT t . f ^ J f ^ c h M M ? ^ 1%# ^ R T R cf^ ^ T ? ? ^ 3 R R ^ STRTT, ^^fff^ \ 5 ^ yr^Tq T ^ 1 1 W^

^ K R aTRTPT: • <*

MRCJC^H

f^^^ ^ WfK\J % I ^^Tef ^f^^KH ^ 3TTErR ffT^ ^2TT^, cft^ f^^^J^

^ ^ - f ^ c T M ^ f , f ^ R ^ WW^ ^iK-^i^ Sfr^ ^ f c m r f ^ ^ f e l f t ^ teR

MRCJC1-1

?tcTT 'SRTT W^ %\ Snf^ ^ atcT cT^ ^ ^ Rja1<^fa1ijl' ^ q^^q^ ^

^ R ^ 1 ^ ^eiftc-lf-MNi^N!! ^ TfTST ^3^T^ W W f ^ f ^ ^ M l f l '^mi%?q ^

^«m 3TRn^: ' 1

Wmj I ^5R ^ ^TT m^ ^ ^frTFRT f e R I ^ ^ Vm^ % ^ ^HTcTT t eft ^ ^

MRMIC^ 3 T f ^ OT^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ ?tc^, ^ l e ^ 3TMr-^FfT%c^ ^ ^ , f ^ T ^

^ § T ^ ^ ^ ^ 3fk ^tf^z^ mk^ ^ :m^ n f ^ 5^^T^ '^rrtt^ ter^'

(rheon' of literature) ^ eft i-^^H 1 % ^ t f^, "^Hlf^r-M ^ STf^T^f^ $fcl6lv) ^

3 T ^ - 3 M ^CT ^ ^mrr, ^ c\^HH ^fcl^KH-TfaJt ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ I 3fR

^2T ^ cjofclct^l^l' ^ ^T^;cTT ^ ^ fFT ifr ^ r ^ ^mr^, f ^ >!<|ijRi[^ ^ ^ftf^

^ « R 3T«tPT: ' ^

i ^ r n ^ g ^ ^ l ^ c T ^ ^ ^ ^ 3TcftcT ^ ^ ( T ^ mt ^ ^t^, ^fJefcT: ^ ^^Rf^TR

&n^uTi s T ^ ^^^ ^ ^ 11 ^ 3 ^ efR^n ^ 3p^^m^, ^f^FRi ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ; i n ^ft^

cZTf^rRTt ^ ^5?rcPT ^ cf^ ^nTT? ^ t ^ eft ^ f ^ ^ T R - £TNT3ft cf^ 3TFf7ePr ^TT^

TI«nT 3ieqR: ' ^

^«rq 3TKIPT: ' "*

12. ^Rt^Ki ^^FRT f^F^ ^fcRT ^ ^iffb^dl ^ fctzf^PTRT^

3fR iff IT^ ^ ^ 3PxT^ t , ^TM ^ ^RTKFI ^ c^^R I f^ Wf^ ^TM ^ HT^^^T

^fcl^KH ^ ^ c[f 3 T q ^ #FrT ^ BRT c ^ t I ^ ^ ^ ^gec^ ^ o ^ ^^1

^^^ SIWTPT: 15 1. y^fccT ^ 1 n^loT cfTET ^ GT^rPfcT f ^ f ^ ^ £TRT3ft X^^ ^ ^ v H H M ffff^^

m^ff^^tcTT t

>(ilf^ri|fd?W ^ a ^ ^ ^ ^f#RT ^nq ^ 31^2RH ^ M ^ K\ ^ ^ ^FT^

\f

(O • ^

1

C\3' tr •t?

h

^ ^

r

> ^

r

J

•I?

10' , ^ tr' ..&

^ « R 3TRTFT: ' ^

^ ^ ^ 3 5 ^ ^ j ^ ^ ^Ff^^5?m^ FT ^ 1 ^TfRT ^ n ^ f ^ 3 t M f ^ i ^ f ^ ^

f ¥ ^ r ^ ?tcr?W f ^ ^ M ^fTefT ^FeTT ^ ^ f ^ HHT WcTT t , W^ ^rrftr^ ^

^^%\^ ^ eft ^frrftc^f ^^t •?T^ ^JK^ ^ a p r p f c T ? ^ ^ wjm ^ aft^ ^ ^

^ ^ ^ ^e:!Wfcr >iHHlf^4) ^fcf^RT, el^4)1 ^ vrilclPiiil' ^ 3TcFT-3TeFr ^^fcTJft

torn ?f^ ^ 3TT^^-^TT^ ^ ? ^ 3 t k ^ ^ ^ ^f^TeT-lM^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 3feFT

i^JiR^l^i ^ OMRTIO:! ^ v3c;yieH ^ f ^ ^TFT^ ^^ci^ '^4uRic^ ^ff^Fff q^ ^ ^

^«f^ STKIFI:

19

3. ^fcTFRT ^W^ ^ ^W^ '^W^ yu||e^ cfSTT ^ R t sft^ Rl^K^l' ^

xi«R 3i«^rq: ^ ^

M r f ^ m ^ FT^ cp?r 3fk ^ - ^ ^ 3 1 ^ ^

^ K T

3 T f ^

^FF^T^

^

i

^ A 3RTf^#T ^ Ft^ eFH, f ^ ^Rl^KH ^ ^ - 1 M ^ ^f7^ TjiifT 11 ^ ^

^Rlt^ aT#^, §[TFM ^ ^ xUvrl-ilfcl ^ ^Hmivril f^^^TR ^ ^ ^ ^ ePft !

a r ^ ^ oqRci^-f^^^RT ^ H M d i f M r I S T ^ cM4mi^cbi ^ i f ^ ^ 3ff^

gTf^jTJT ^q-gr-errtoT ^ r f ^ ^ # ^ Ft ^ i ^ ^ # ^ e f t ^ xr^f^WTrTT sft I

3TT4

3 l k

f^^T^] M ^ ^ar^te sff, ^prtf^ ^ ^ r ^ ^ e n m^ ff^ ^ ^ c m ^

^2T^«TT

^

3f^ ^ ^ ?}^ wji I M ^ j J T ^ ^ i?5fwm ^ g w ^ ^i?r^PT ^ ^arraf ^[^?^^^ ^cTf

^T^ff?STPff ^ c n f ^ ^ l 6FT^ ^ I ^nTcfm ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ! T ^ g?^aT ff^TT^ ^ ^ I ^ ^

# ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ ^^?FT?f

MR^JIIH ^ P ^ | I ^

I sm^^ 3fk ^^fet^ ^ jmzi A t^

^ K ^ T ^ ! ^ , q R ^ , m ^ , STOT^T ^TM3ft ^ e f m ^ t ^ ^ ^3?l^FT£TNT ^ cU\] I

? 8 P T 3IE2TFT: 22

^ - t J t ^ ^^xHIH ^ ^Rl4 ^ W r ^ v5d^l<4, f^TcN^ ">!TfTMt ^ 3 P ] ^ ^RT R^T I

^ >!H^<bK f^Tef^ cFHI

^J^[T^ ^^nef ? M 3ft^ ^^THT 3RTl?f%ff ^ ^^ ^?efl t 1 ^t^TFW ^ ^ ^ ^

t , eft ^fcTFRT efrer ^ ^ Hcljln^i G M 11 ^J^r^f^ ^ r f ^ ?tcfr t , ^ 3TFr ^^cTT

cT^ ^

^«m 3IGTFT: 23

^ ^ Med Rid ^ ^ ^ 11 ^ ^Irl^KH ^ f^iJHH 'H^T^-^^^RT J M t I

^^;%f^ ^ HH41ij ^fr^T^ c^ f ! n s ^ ^ f M ^ 3TmR eRrfr t I

¥«m 3I«TFT: 24 ^ ^ 1 y-Hl^l^cb ^ ^ ^ f^-ericr 3ff^ T-8TPT ^ ^fR^ ^ FtcTT t I ^ ^STTSJ FtcTT t , f ^ f^RT, ^>fr^ 3fr^ GT^iT^ 1 % ^ ^ ^IT^fKTT t ; 3fr^ ^ 3 T ^ ^ ^JRTT W^ TTo? ^f^T^ 3 1 ^ 3 T H ^ ^ 3 T g # ^ ^ ^ ^ ^fTeTT ^ 1 1 ^ ^ ^ - c b e M H I ^ T ^ t ^ ^ v h ^ m l ^ 7?cTT 1 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^cfT t f ^ M ^ R M ' ^ C I ^ r ^ f M r P f i ^ /

M^rjcii t, ^^raraff ^ cfr^crr t i

R-^MHI

eft ^ t f^ ^-f^^r^f^

^TFTM

^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ fMrr ^ 3TKTT t t ^ - ^ T^RFf^ ^

RM^CI

^ ^

3JkHM>^c|9 >(<1rW-< ^ff^RTJT 3 T f ^ f ^ ^ ^ ^^FRTT t | c^eMHI ^ ^ 3 ^ ^

v^^f^ 3TKIR: ^^

^ RlchUH ^ ^ ? T 1 1 3TM ^ " § t e [ ^ xUHNcjK TT^ cjK-df^chcll t ^ ^ f ^ ^ l ^ i

^ ^ f ^ eft >HHMcJK ^ t f^KT^ ffhi^l^Tld ^ T ^ cf^ ^HIH^f^^

^;<)d^c1l ^ H^c^ ^ H ^ S f t o t , ^ ^ ^2T^«n ^ TPJof ^ T ^ ^ ^ ? T ^ M ^

^ f T ^ cfJT 3 M q2TT4 ^^PTcT ^ ^ a i T c ^ f ^ F ^ ^ ^ R ^ ^

^ f e m r f ^ cR^cTK ^ ^BTfpTf cf^^cTT 1 1 ^SWm ^ ^ F f ^ f ^ P ? ^ ^ ^ ^ Ft?TT,

"7 i

^H|[^r<M ^ cbeMHI ^ ^fcl^KH ^ ^STTsJ ^d4)c1l t , " ^ ^ ^ t f ^ ^R^JTcTT 3TT^

^ ^ ^ M^^M Ft ^FRfK^ t l

3 P d c r ^ f^Tef^ 11 ^>TR^ Ff^^^P?, ^RFT^ !?W^ f | ^ , TJRT?t^f^ iJ^HK, g^ft

XJ8JTT 3TWTPT: ^ ^

q t ^ g ^ cj^ qi:fT^ ^fpIcFTI j^reTcf^ f I ^ ^JpT^ ^ tmW^ ^ ^M^ ^Rt^f^

^[^T^ Ft ^ 11 >HiH^c||< 3fk ^^^\< ^ ^fTFRT ^ ^ >H'^c;HI3fr ^ ^ ^ ^f^

f ^ 11 i\H^< ^ ^^T^rm ^ uHcllc^ ^[T^ cfJt 3TFt ^^FfR ^ ^ T ^ ^ 3?^^ 3TR^

f^icT^ 3fr^ 3TT^R^ ^ ef^mi ^ ^fTefr c^cR-eTT ^ I M ^ f^>qT t I

^ ^ eT^3^ ^ sfTcT 11 ^T^TM ^ ^ ^JRRSTT f^fFf^ W cfW 4 ^ ^ 3lk

3 T f ^ efTT f ^ 3fk M , W^ ^ ^ I ^ ^ ^ Wf^ I ^ s f k ftF8TT f ^ ^ ^

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^HM^cll % ^^\m f%e[T f^?RT^ ^JTe^ ^ ^ ^ , ^JrRT ^ STE^

^ ,"25

tr«nT 3TRTPT: 28

FfaT^NT ^ ^ cT^ ^JTTcft, ^ ^ eT?^ ^Ocfl' ^ ^if^ ^ ^ f M ^ ^ f c f F T l ^

^ 1 ^ ^ ^ f^rf% FtcTf t 1 ^ ?RF ^ K l d H ^ %PT[ W ^ q f ^ g ^ ^ ^ cK6

^ ^fcrFFf^' ^ ^ ^cwcfr FT^fr 1 3 l k

3 T M K

Ft^ ^

^^T^K^

^

^ H K ^

( ^

R

^fir^ra ^ ^SFTtcT ^ a ^ ^ ^ T R ^ (Conceptof Progress in History):

'Progress is an abstract terni; and the concrete ends pursued b}

man-kind arise from time to time out of the course of history, not from some source

outside it'

^fcl^KH ^ B ^ PixidxIdI ^ f ^ t , ^W^ SPrFfcT f % # f ^ ^ R 3Tycn ^ T S ^ ^ ^ 3 n ? r ^ ^ ^ I U r ^ ^ 3Trft^ ^ ^ n ^ ^ wrflTef ^?cTT t I 3TcT^Tef ^ f ^ f f t ^ 3T%P fcmRt ^ 3 { ^ - ? f c ^ ^ teT^ cl^HH 3T2J^ ^^PS] ^ ^ 1 1 3TritcT, cjcJHH STSMT ^ i f ^ V^ t\ ^f?TcTRRTel ^ ^xR^cTRf f y ^ ^ ^ ' ^ 3^^[£TRTTTT 7RT ^^f^^ ^ t ^ l l P l ^ Sl^fWR^ ^ W T 4t t , f^?RT^ 3TMR ^ R

^XTH a n G U R : 31

1 1 ^ n W ? cT^ ^TFIT^ ^ ?T^, f ^ cTSTT ^fRJof HM^liJ ^ f R M ^ JFlfcT f ^ ^

3TTrfR FtcfT ^ 7?T t , ^^fRfTT ^CT Plf^rjd t cTSTT ^ c T ^ ^ mf^ ?T^ ^

f^^PM-TTteraft ^ 3Tl^c||e?l M t l ^ 3 T ^ ^ ^Jcrff^ f 1^° HRclk cim ^ - ^ ^

CT8TT q R ^ q f ^ ^ F M ^ ^^THcf uftcPT 3 , ^ ^ ^ oTafT ^ ^ T ? ^ FTcTT ^ ^^T

ysTTT 3?«}pj: 3 2

?Ie^ q^ yfcR£T cFTT R ^ I'''' (Nicholas I of Russia is said to have issued an order

banning the word 'Progress'.)

3Rfe^ ^ 1941 ^ ^ cT^ ^ s[^rm - "^RHcf ^fcf^RT ^ ^TT^f^ ^7R^ ^fcl^Ki

^«m aroTRi: ^^

3TcT: ^ 3 N i t ^STT t g OT^ ^!TWTcTT3Tt ^ f^Sn ¥ F ^ ^^xT^ rnf^T^ I ^J^PeR rTSTT

it, ^ f e ^ ?TTf% ^f^Ief ^ GTlfafe f^T^f^RT ^ 3 F T f ^ cTT?tt ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 3 T ^ ^ t^^H^ ^a[

3Tfcm^ ^ f ^ ^ M M ^ ^ ? t ^ , cPJ cT^ cjKtiRlch n ^ ^ fcT^ ^ ^ f ^ ^

^FTTF^ ^ ^gcT q r ^ i"^^ ^utt^fT^

^2T^-8TT

^ ^ ^ cf??

T ^ T ^

^ ^

H ^ P R

^

3 { t ^ o q f ^ c|?r t , c|-i|lRh 3 R t ^ ^ ^ r f W ^ ^ T h ^ ^ ^Ff^ ^ ^ I W^ f ^ ^ y!H|Ujcj|41 C2TCR--8TT ^ ^ « T R ^ ^ f t ^^^FT^ IFllcr ^ ^J<P^ ^ ^ 2TT I 3T?f: ^ M ^ ^ ^ ^ % T f ^ 1 ^ 3 t k f r f ^ RcMxtH w\f^ W[ >[Hc^cH ^ , 3 T f ^ q r R ^ c^ltelM^vg ^ 3T^^[TN ^^K^, f^^TFT, ^[ct4>rll cTafT ^ ^ ^ I F l f ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ . ' ' ^ ^ J f t l ^ ^^TcR ^ e r , T^TR f M ^ 3ft^ c i ^ f ^ R l ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 1 4 7 ^ f ^ j | ^ ^

•gsR 3T«TrJT: ^'^

3 r ^ ^JTrtT^ 3Tq^TRT ^JTRTT t eft ? ^ MRCICIH ^f^^nrt, q ? n ^ ^f^F^ ^ H F H ^

3 ^ ^ ^ f ^ ^ 50 ^Ffl?c?r Mcb^-^ eFKTT t eft ^ W^ cfT^ ^ H ^ . - / i i ^

3 F F R ? R ^ 3 T f ^ ^^JTFT, 3 ? ! ^ ^ f ^ cTaTT 3 T f ^ ^ ^ ^ Rlf^ ^ 3fl7 ^ 3 ^ ^ ^

$Rl6l>ii Pl^'cl^ Wjf^ ^H^IeiT ^ ^f^^lFf ^f^ ^?T 1 1

MRUIIH>><|^L)

Tfp^

H R ^ ^ ^

^ 3 T T q 1 ^ ^ cT^ ^ ^FfH^ ^fTHM ^ ^Rl^KH ^ 3jc|dlc^H f^^ZfT ^3TFf eft ^

^PT^ ?^ Wm t f% OT^f^H^ ^ T : ^ ^ ^ ^3?t^PT ^ 3 T T ^ f ^ ^!TRM ^ c ^ T c ^ T ^

^«TTl 3T«IFl: 35

n^-3T^rKfR^ 19 eft ^ ^ " ^ 11 cTni ^ ^ R ^ ^ cj^f^ui ^TT^4

f t ^ ^ ^jfr^JHT ^^ 3r7it f M ^ ^ ^fcr^m c^^r ^ ^ ^prfMter ten ^f^ yr i^''

(Histoo' as a 'Progressive Science ) Mt^ "^f^mwmt ^ W\f^ ^T^ ^ ^TPTT

oLINct) yrfTcT q ^ an 1% 1920 ^ y t o ^ o ^ o ^ ^ 'Idea of Progress' ^^R!^ ^

"(HistoiA' became progress towards the goal of the perfection of man's

estate on earth.)"

¥«nT 3T«2IFT: 36

(^fci^iRn^ vmf^ ^ ?nFT4 ^H<^^ ytff^^ ^ 11 ^ r ^ a M g c ^

W f ^ ^ ^fFTfJTTsft ^ >HHHI ^f^^^TT t l ^5W^ ^ ^ H^TTfT WW^1 ^

3?t[^ nRilfccb ^ ^fFirftcT ^fR 3TFt W^FTT eft ^ ^FTfcT ^ f ^ ^

^JT^^KTT

t l^°

% ^ I MfcT H M 4 1 ^ ^fFTM ^ ttcft t , w f r T ^ ^ I ^ Wm^ ^f^m^

IFlfel^Tld t , ^fjftf^ TfPTcJk ^fRM cTSTT yfrlf^ijisff ^

MRC|^H

ttcTT YFcTT 11

w f ^ ^nrfMcT ^ t, ^^\f^ Y ^ , ^ cTarr ^EF^ ^ fMct 3TM ^ ^ t ^ M

3TcftcT ^ 2^ I y ^ - T R £ f r 3T^r£TR^ ^ M c T ^ ^ H ^ ^ c T ^ ^ M ^ ^

1. ^fcTFTf^ yfsf^^ ^ Rl^l^dl ^TfjIMteRTT ^ t ,

? « n T 3 ( » T R : •^''

3Tr4cT 3?Fr?^T^ 11^^

^ 3T^xFf?T cfF RcbKH yffhill ^ ^ M d l ^ 1 1 Rlc^KH ^f>t ^ o ^ 3 T ^ ^ 5 T ^

STTWJlf^Hch-^HTfcT ^ cR^cT: ^ J ^ ^KT 3Tf^?T?^ ^ ^ 3TTcTT, f ^ > ^ '^^ m

3 T [ r f T f ^ ^PYcTT 1 1 ^ ^ ? ^ 3T^qT^?^ ^ W % ^ FtcTf t 1% ?frf?RT ^ ^itttrr

History as 'Progress through the transmission of acquired skills

from one generation to another'

^f^ m^ ^ ^ tefT^ ^fcl^KH ^ yJilcl^Tlddl ^ 2TTI ^ J ^

3T^TrR ^?TRT3T f^R^rR H ^ ^ 3f!^ 3rfRR Ft ^ 1 1 ^TmiSTr ^ 3T?r cfSTT ^TFT^

? ^

^(^(WR

% ^ t l ^ ^^FS^ ^ 3T^TrR ^trTFRT ^ ^ ^ 3TTcfe W^ ^

3 ^ ^ MfcRftef f^5TH 11^^ loiT^o ^fJR ^ ^^FrT^ 'What is History' ^ Zi^^

XTspT 3;iK2TPT: 38

' Toynbee's twenty-one civilizations, the theory of a life- cycle of

civilization, passing through rise, decline and fall, the effort which is needed to

drive civilization forward dies away in one place and is later resumed at another, so

that whatever progress we can observe in history is certainly not continuous either

• ^- • , -.58

in tmie or in place

3?k crfef^PT ^ R ^ ^ <lRlcc| 3TRrf^ ^RcTT 11 W^ ^ TF?!, 'FTcT f%, H^eT

^TT^, ^ - ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ 3TMK cTSTT ^cTT^ ^g^T^ ^ep^ ef^ff 3TTf^ ^ ^^cl'^ril-^^TTTR ^

ioXTz^o 7f^ ^ 3PJ^TR 3K?lcT ^ 'Tlct^ q^ McM^j cTSTT ^ ^ T I ^ ^

•q«m 3\mv^: -^"^

the future through hght on the past.'^^ ^ ^ ?%FR7g^ W]^ ^ T^ c^ 3^cfrcT A

CN

HMcll ;KPT ^ t P ^ ^^f^. W^l^ cTSTT ^T^ ^ H^TM ^TRcT Wjf^ ^ feT^

"Hegel clothed his absolute in the mystical shape of a world spirit,

and made the cardinal error of bringing the course of history to an end in the present

instead of projecting it into the future. He recognized a process of continuous

evo-lution in the past, and incongruously denied it in the future"

^KI6KWR ^ ^^M ^fnf^ 3TcftcT cT^TI "^f^ ^ t l ^ ^ TT^ ^

? s m 3T«IFT: ^^

^(cl^KHcbKT ^ f^rM ^iRkli^)' ^ ^ ^ ^ 3 M ^ ^rrit^l ^fcl^KH ^ ^ M

^\{^iii ^ WW^ ^F^TPT f^TcPfT ^mft^ I 4.Kdlild ^ 3W^ 5^!?r^ ' ^ Rc]V-!^^H'

"Carlyle, in his french Revolution called Louis XVl 'a ver\ world

solecism incarnate', "

W^ ^ ^ ^ ^ # e T ^ WT&T^ Ft ^TRMT 2TT, ^ R ^ ^ J ^ ^ T I ^

^ 3 N ^ g^?[^ What is histor}' ^ Even Sir Isaiah Berlin ^ c ^ ^f^T^Tl%^

31c|^ijw^|[^c1l (Historical inevitability) ^ 3TnFtcT (Bismarch) f^t^Fm^ ^ i m ^

'Even Sir Isaiah Berlin, of his essay on Historical Inevitabilitw he

praised Bismarch, in spite of moral shortcomings, as a 'Genius' and the Greatest

example in the last centur>' of a politician of the highest powers of political

judge-, . 68

xi«nT 3{^^^^: "*'

^ZTR5TT ^ f ^ y^|[c^>!jx^4^ Srarar f^YI^ ^!<51chK ^f^^cTT 11^^

^OXTTTO ^ P K

^ 3f5^HR

^fcT^KT ^ g % r ^fnf^ cTSZT ?Tm ^3^fR^ ^zmsJJT ^^ sjt^l ^ cT^^T cTSTT ^Jc^ ^ ^

^Hcj^d-i T-arrf^ ^f^^^ 1 1 ^ R ^ : ^fel^KH

MRCI^^H,

Tjf^ 3 l k Wjf^ ^ f^ftcT t

-'The historian, as I said in my first lecture, is balanced belw ecn fact

and interpretation, between fact and value,'

Acton's discription of progress as 'the scientific hypothesis on which

histor\' is to be written'. A societ}' which has lost belief in its capacit}' to progress in

the future will quickly cease to cencern it self with its progress in the past.

^«PT 3TGIPI: 42

Our view of history reflects our view of Society. I now came back to

my starting -point by declaring my faith in the future of society and in the future of"

histor}'.'

t eft §fa6Ki T ? t ^ ^ ^f<R^ T T ^ ^f>? c ^ 1 1 ^ ^ tTcf^ H H R H C ^ uffbijl t I ^

^7rsf% ^%?TO-'^#T ^RHcfm ancfTT ^ ^e^^^t^f^^^ ^ n^^TRT ^ 11 ten

<^l^u1J|d cTSTT ^ ^ 3tcTfef ^ 3TKJZR 11^5

WfKU % f^ ^ ^ ^ ^fr(^KHc|9K # ^ ^ ? ^ H ^ ^ i R ^ ^ T H ^ t ^PTtf^ ^3^#^

^ [ c l ^ K H - ^ ^ ^ 3 F ^ T ^ cfJT M ^eifelilH ^ T ^ t f ^ f ^ (1680-1744) ^

f ^ l F ^ 1784 ^ Wr^ T^PTT (IDEA FOR PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY OF MAN

KIND) STM ^ I c m T T r - - ^ ^ ^ y^F>m ^ cTRTT cT9TT fPteT ^ 3 T q ^ ^ f ^

(LECTURES ON PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY) ^ ^^O^^R ^ ^Irl^KH '^ ^ f ^ T ^ ^

^SiT ^ ^JRM ^ W^& g^g?T f ^ ) ^ r^ M c T ^ M^rjld ^ ^ 3Ts:f ^ ^ ^ J ^ T T I ^ 3T?K

^^^ 3;(«TFT: "^"^

,80

c R ^ : 3TM 'ft ?^ff^ 0 ^ c^mct7 iTcf xi^fJici ^ W ararf ^ % m

^Wf^ m^ ^IcI^lRHcb gf^JlfT ^ ^fTWcTT Rlfcl^cb Tf^c^ CT2.TT cTS^ ^ t T

F t ^ c^ c^^RTJT ^ ^ T ^ 3Taf ^lifecb 3T9f q ^ ^ f^ ^ 1 1 ^ ^ f K ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ' ^

3Tat '5IPT' cTarr ^fcTFRT ^ # T ^ 3Tsf '^fcTFRT 5TH' HT^ ^ FT ^f^ ^jciiciR^TcT ^

^«m 3T«TPT: •*-•"

HHR-JC|7 yt^TlfT 3T2T^ f^RH ^ ^ ^ R T ^ ^ ^ f ^ ^ ^R^KIT t I 3 T ^ ^ T ^ ^

^ T ^ ^ ^ f^rflcr HuRHcb Rfft^qr 3Tafc[T f^n^TR ^ C I J H H 3fr? ^i^fcr^ ^ n f M I ^

xfSTiT 3 T K I P I : •*^'

^frl^K-l-^TFT ^ f c T ^ fc^^ yc^faT t 3fk ^ xlHIHM tc^^T^ 3 T ^ ^ , ^ f ^ ^

,90 U

^TFH ' ^ t . ^P^ftf^ MMcidl ^ TT^ ^fpfTT^T ^ ^ t l ^Mef, ^^Ttfef^

Vt«m 3T«2TR: 47

^ MRCICIH # T T ^<j mi Rich 1 1 ^TOcTl, ^HIHdclK, f ^ R ^ ITRFT, f f ^ , ^T^iTT^^

?TRT^ yuiic-ijl ^ T J ^ - ^ iTci fzr^i^M, LlRcif^d ^(TfTT^ i ^ ^frTFT^ ^ Jlfrl^Uddl

ZfJTMR^mcb t l MRCJR^CI ^FFTM ^ ^R^^I^Hc^K. cRTT c^i^lRch y!HH^HHR|ch ^ c ^ V i

^Ri^KH ^ ^iRi^Tlddi ^ war ^Ri^KH ^ : ^ g^

^T^R^

^

I^R^TR MRCJCIH^'IICH ?tcTT t l ^ R l ^ K 4 - ^ # ^ 3iR|cJ|4d: ^^?BT ^ ^IrT^RT i<^^ Rf^^^ ^ ^

3T^«TT 1 1 ^Rl^KH ^ 3TcitcT 31^f^tcT^ 1 1 ^ M ^ ^ R l ^ K H - ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ R m

^ f f M 3TST^ CjRl^lRicb ^ ^ f ^ ^ fshiJIcM* Y^ FtcTT t 1^^

xiHHillj^HR ^Rf^RT R R C R «J<eldl YFcTT t I ^^Ofef^ ^ R I ^ K H - ^ T ^ R T

^ f ^ f ^ cJl^lRlcIo ^ ycf^ST^, cTaFT ^ W-STRT cf^ 3 T f ^ ^ l ^ R j R ^ d ^^f^ W>

TRT ^ t?T ^f^M ^ ^?^ RlRqa R r ^ m Rrf^^TcT ^ f ^ - a r R m t ^ 3TE5RT t I 5 T ^

(jRi^iRHcb t , w ^ n ^ - f t W T H i^Rr?Tt%^ qltfMrnqt ^ artfRr t T' ^

^ra^ ^ ^ ^

I^RI^IRH*

t , ^fzfiff% <i^lRich

I%RH

^RmrRi^ ^f^^rRmt ^

3T£5RT t l ' '

^ R l ^ K H - ^ ^ ^ klRl^lRH4> ^ET^^atr ^ ^TTHTTT ^ W ^ , f ^ m , ^Q^^?^

xi«m 3TS2TFI: "^^

^ff?JT"H, t^cR, ^j-<x!H ^ ap^'q^ ?tcn 11 cblfcH'Ji^^ ^ cf^^T 1 1 % y ? ^ ^ r ? f f ^

^ 3IIHT ^ ^ ^tcTT 1 1 ^ 3 R ^ ^ ^ ^f^Ief sfr? ^l^-STfcRfT ^ T M ^ ^ r e : ^

^Ri^KH, H^lR^in narr ^ r ^ ten ^j^

3T?2RH

'iFfr ^ ^fraxn 11

11^^ 6zj^, 6 ^ , ^^fyf: cmr f ^ ^ ^ ^ (jfri^iRHc^

> H I ^ C I K

^

I^^

^

^ « R 3flr»2irq: ^^

3TKRH ^Rgcf: aTTcTFT^^Tm ^ yffb^l t f^RT^ MRU||H W ^ ^ 3T?^Tf^

^ t l Plf^^d t f ^ ^fel^KH-^#T cf^ WT ^ ^ ?t ^ ^ "^WUJ m^i

M ^ ^ L|R0eM-1l ^ t uft MIHlPlcb, §rcl6Ki ^KT ^ cTazTT^T^ ^T^^3# ^

^ « R 3IE?rR: ^'^

W^ ^T^ t cTafT ? ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^?^ ^ 11 ^ T^\cH ^ 3?frFT cT8^ ^frfirm

^«m STWTR: -"*'

len^ ^^^ ^41cMx! ^ f^^lfT ^ ^ ycf5R z g ^ T^^Ff ^[rl^Kicb!^1' ^ ifT ^fcl^KH ^

te ^^^^^ ^TH^ 2^1 ^ ^ ^ T ^ f^f?l^ ^ 'THT ^mcTT t f ^ ^ ^ ^ ^fcl^KH ^

^[^ ^ ^ R R j ^ rTSTT ^ f r f ^ (jfrl^lRHc^ ffhillct^dlM ^ ^ ^ f^fETtf^ cTSTT

c1c|5xHJ|d ^ S q ^ v3<<^^ ^ R^clKH Zfy^ t | " ° ^ ^ f r t F ^ f% ^ f ^ F T ^ ^

WJ^\^ o M i ^ l ^(ci^KH ^ f ^ ^iPlc^Kch % g ttcft t 1 ^ ^ ^ 2 T ^ IT? ^

Plf^^d t f ^ §fd6Ki cfJt cT2^[MTf^ o q [ R ^ ^ ^ ^ffifr? cTSTT vjc^te ^ J ^ g^PT

^«m 3f«TPI: ^^

^ ^ ? ^ q^^kr t f^ ^v^ ^ 3TcT: ^ e r f^HT 3 T ^ t f% ^ K t ^ m^ fcT^ ^

-•q«m 3T»irq: ^^

cTarr era^ t eft ^ wf^ ^

CTRT

11 ^ c M ^

^ICI^KH

<^

MR^IIUHI

g^

ITFR[

t ? ^ r ^ ? ^ a ^

3JMR^I4

t i ? ^ x ^ GTcrETRurr ^ ifr t ^ c r ^ ^ r ^ ^ ^

?«nT 3TRTPT: ^"*

^[cl^K-] ^ R I ^ ^ ^ t ^ H H ^ ^KT 'Hm ^ , f^^rfT, •?TRR 3TTf^ ^ ^ 7 ^

^ITTFRT

^ PlHicll t 3frY ^SW^ WfrT ^ ^ R ^ 4lfcHc|o ^HHMdl f^TcT^ t

,119

^TTZ ( 1 7 2 4 1 8 0 4 ) :

-srfef^ HlRi<^ ^ 3T^^

•<'M0

cfe—Idea of universal Histor\- from Cosmopoliian

Points of View Wf^f^ f^^^ t T^" ^3^^!^ ^ R ^ f r f F f f ^ 5TT | ^ n ^ WJ^ W]

^ cjKiiRlcb ^ ^ 11 ^fel^KH ^^^ ^ ^ ^

MRJ|UM

3T2:f^ ^ ^ : ^ ^ difcHcbl

^ 3fr? 3TTRR # ^ ^ y f ^ ^ 11 ^ ^ ^ TTH^ xl^Jd^dl ^ U ^ t T^^ ^

? ^ T :

7«nT 3T«TFT: x^:

t>

H^^Lj^uf ^ Yet Another Philosophy o f History t T^ vi-6)'^ ^ ^ ^ ^KT

^fcl^KH ^ ^JeH^cT RFTT ^ ^ ^ H ^ f ^ ^ R f ^ r m t l W f ^ HM41iJ ^fci^KH ^

^ 3 T ^ ^ ^ f R ^ w r f t ^ i # V e f : ^ o ^Te?T ^ ? T ^ ^ ^ t ^ ^ MRcheM-ikHcjo c ^ ^ TR^^TFT^ t l ^fcT^RT ^ ^ ^ 3 # ^ xiHchdH TTT5f ^ t , 3Tftrg ^FR^ ^ ^ f e f M t ^ fcTKT t , ^^f^^m ^ ^•^TcfT r f ^ TFRtT teR[ ^ ^ 2 : f p [ ^ t T 130 t l ^^fRf^^PR^ TT^ ^ W ^ ^ F r f [ t l q ^ RchKH^^d ^ t sfR ^ eft ^ T f ^

^fcl^KH f^mRt ^ ?FT nsTT f f ^ ^ ff^^^ t ?^fTcf^ ^5^R^ ^JeTcT: 133

^f^-^HFR^ ^ ^ ^ 1818 ^ ^3n sTT ^ ^ ^ t ^ :m^

^^TTIC^

^

q^T^m^T ^ ^ ^ I 1836 ^ ^ J ^ ^rfc^ f c I w R ^ l d i l ^ 3TKT^PT ^ f ^ W^ 1 % ^ I 1843 ^ ^ ^ r f ^ ^ 3fk S T ^ ^HHHc||41 RlrjKchl ^ MxiH^l % ^ i 1844 ^ ^ W^ %, 3Tf^ ^ ^ T ^ R'HTf^ ^ f ^ m^ ^ '^^^ 3TTfc^ ^P^R^ ETtct f I

•qzm aqGTR: 5 7

m^ ^ WTM ^ 3Tffc) ^M] eRcTT 1 1 ^ W

t 1 ^ ^ ^ tmf^

vJcMK-l ^ ^ifrfci^ i^lRklill vic<^K^ ^ ^[^Ffli ^ cichxilrll f 3T9TtcT ^ ^i^RxT ^

^ MRCICJH ^ ^ a r - ^ a r ^fFRcT f^^TTef S M K ^^Te^ ^RTeT ^JTTcTT 1 1 ^ ^ ^ ^

^ ^HHll^cb uffh-MI ^ 3tfrR f^f#T 7 ^ f I W9T ^ ^ ^ ^ V J ^ C | | ^ ^ T M

v5d^K-l ^ q f ^ ^ R ^RcTT t ^ ^ ^[TTER^fFcp^TciT ^ ^F^T^ 3jfclR<td ^ H ^ ^T^

^«m 3I«IR: -""^

^ MRcbeMHIrHcb ^fcl^KH-^^#f ^ ^ ^T#^ ^?^R^ ^^PT f^^^ I ^ ^ e R ^

? ^ f^RFf 3TecT cTSTT 3T^TE2T 1 1 ^ ^ ^ 3 ^ MRCICIH ^ c ^ Wf^ % I ^TT^

f^T^lR 3T?^W ^iR'ic^ 3 f k cTeRq^ 1 1

y«rq 3TKTR: 59

^ ^T^t^ nr^sq f ^ t i

^«m 3TKJFT: ^'^ 'W^ ^ C T 1. T f t f ^ K ^ T ^ W ^ - ^frl^lxH : ^J^TCT V ^ % ^ , 1973, ^o 46 2. af^fqie^ ^P^PfTeR - f^ >^c|-dl^H 3 W f^ ^R^, -^^11^*^, 1954, ^ o 8 1950, ^o 7 4. ^ ^ ^ 3 # r ; g ^ - f ^ ^ f f t f ^ 3 f f ^ ' ^ t f ^ , ^o 209 5. ^oTTT^o ^ ^ f ^ i l - i - >51fsh^^H m^ V^ [^>!tllRiiH, 1919, ^ o 34 6. ^ o ^ o ^f^TR - f % ^ : ^ ^ q i ^ ITTJ^ ^ a [ ^ , 1950, ^ o 34 7. ^ETTe^ Tipsf - f^ ^ 3 t f ^ % ^ , 1963, ^o 17 8. T^fT^ ^ - ' ^ ^ f e ^ R H Z f^ f ^ K # P R ^ 3 W % ^ ' , s f U ^ ^ , 1962 | o , i j o 15 9. ^ R T T ^ ^ f e M t f ^ f l r ^ P l * ! - feR^- 2, ^ o 594 10. ^ o ^ o ^9\iii - ' j % ^ : ^ ^ TT^^ TT;g ^arg', 1950, ^ o 32 11. •^o sfTT^ - % ^ ^ f^ ^fCtfr 3 W f ^ R ^ ' , e R ^ ^ , 1949, ^ o 19 12. ^ o ^tlUcM^I - 'f^ TTjTg^ 3TTftxT ^ f l r ^ ' , 1961, ^o 75

13. ioX^o T^TR - c^T^ ^ f^^, eT^^^, 1962, ^Jo 30

14. ^ ^ fcTefrcR ^TRt - >Hlf^ri| ^ ^frl^TO ^ ; ^ , i j o 33 15. ^ol^cTo cfTK - ^ T ^ ^ f l ^ , ^ ; T ^ ^ ^ , 1962, ^ o 2 - 3

16. cfff, ^ o 10-11

17. ^ o ^grpf ; ^ _ >Hlf^(rilfrl^l>H-^fR^RT 3 f k ^f^lWT, chnq_x!, 1975, ^ o 80 18. 3 { M T 4 J\^^ ?pfcT - % ^ sITTfeR^ W^ ^f^FRT, q f ^ , 1929, ^ o 1

19. ^ c T ^ TT^ 3u{i<^ ^ n ^ - SZflfr 3fTO f^d^^|>!, e F ^ ^ , 1961, ^ o 334

20. ^ o ^FR^^^n^H q p ^ - f t ^ ^Hlf^ri] ^ ^RTT ^1er?R7, q ^ ^ , 1969, ^Jo 15

^«m 3I»TPT: ^'' 22. ^ # H f ^ d M H ^ - ^rnl^c^ ^ ^ f c t ^ W - ^ ^ , ^ o i, 33

23. ^ o "^TRJ^ST f^ - % ^ ^ m f ^ ^ TTFnf^ ^>jteT, OT^f^SH I

24. ^ # H f^fefr^H ^TPf - >Hlf^r-M cf^T ^fcTFFFf-^^^, ^ o 35

25. g?ft ^H^re" - ^fft^PT, TJo 47

26. t o ^ o ^ f ^ - ^fcl^K^, ^WT t ? , cT^^^, 1962, ^ o 113 27. ^ o ^ o TT^^ - f^ Rc^!^H 3 W ^ch'HlR^cb % ^ , 1946, ^ o 181 28. ^o-^o ^5J^ - 3 T T ^ f ^ 3 W T T V ^ , e P ^ ^ , 1924, '^o 9

29. chlc|1^' - ^ f r ^ 3 W ?JfFr ^fTT^, ^o 51

30. ^rrfsK^ET^ Miu^i| - ^fcT^TRT : ^fcR^q T^c^ % g t r r , 1973, ^ o 228 31. cf^, g o 228 32. ^o^o f ^ ^ - ^ 3 ^ f ^ r t ? H 3 f f ^ f^^, 1961 , ^ o 67 33. GT^, g o 69

34. ^oITxfo ^R? - $[d6I^H ^rar t ^ , e P ^ , 1962, ^ o 106

35. ^ o ^ ? ^ - ^V^Z WV^ M f r , e P ^ , 1956,

TJO

124

36. ^ o 3 R t ^ -?^^FRcT ^cfxR 3 t H ^ ^f^st 3fFP ^ f f e ^ % ^ , 1941 ^ o ,

go18

37. ^P^TeR - l^^f^-n^ 3m ^ ^ , ^^JJ^, 1939 ^o,

38. V o ^ o ^ f j p ^ - f^ ^ f c ^ 3 W f ^ ^ , c P ^ , 1964 ^ o , ^ l t c ^ - 1 2 39. W^ ^ ^l^t^ - c f e f Z «^P|i|d. CH^>!-MVV^^, 1846-95 ^ o , 1934 ^ o , g o 510 40. 3 T N o ^ o cf^tfcTTT^ - 31l^[^i|| 3 f t ^ f ^ T ^ , GTT^Pfq^t^, 1961 ^ o , go 329 41. cf^, g o 324 42. ^ , go 324

^^^ 3Teipi: 6 2 43. ^ f M ^ - ^ftTRT 3 f f ^ ? J ^ W S . ^ o 53 44. f o ^ o ^m7 - ^(cl^l-FT ^fJfT t"?, cP^R, 1962, ^ o 105 45. ^ o f T o -Sjfr - R 3 T T ? f ^ 3 W i M ^ , cPcpT, 1920, ^Jo 7 - 8 46. io^o ?f5K - ^ ( c l ^ l ^ ^ T t ? , e P ^ , 1962 ^ o , ^ o 105 47. V^Scf^ f ^ t ^ ^ - f ^ - t d l ^ H V ^ ^ ^ T ^ 3 W # F T IPTRR, e P ? ^ . 1960, 3TWTra 38.8 48. ^<\^ - y 1 ^ 3fTO ? J ^ ^FfT?^, ^ o 52 49. 3 T R o ^ o ^f^ffePT^ - 3 T T ? f ^ 3 W f ^ ^ , 3TTJRT^T^, 1961, ^ o 323-24

50. c[^, TJo 333

51. ^ , ^o 334

52. M c [ - ^ ^ , ^nW^^P^ TTF^, TJo 216

53. ^c^ychl^l - ^fcTFRT ^ # ^ , 1968, ^ o 161 54. T f t t ^ K ^ P ^ M|u^i| - ^fcTFRT : ^J<R^ TTC[ %g1rr, 1973, ^o 235 55. foTT^o ^ f ^ - ^fcT^PFf cfJfT %•?, c P ^ , 1962, ^o 108 56. V ^ o Jr^o tfc^ - f^^, 1969, ^ o 46 57. ^T^f^^ - o\c^^ 3TR Tn;g4 f ^ ^ . 1906, ^ o 51 58. ^ o l ^ o cf5R - ?%FRT ^PTT f ^ , c p ^ , 1962, ^o 110 59. ^oejto iJjfr - 3 T T ^ f ^ 3 f f ^ ^ f t ^ , e p ^ ^ , 1924, ''Jo 9

60. ^ , ^o 5

61. ^ o ^ o ^{i]M< - cblHn>d<+e>H, 1942, i j o 60 62. 4o'?^o cfTK - ^frr^Tff '^f^] %'^, e P ^ , 1962, ^ o 117

63. ^PlreM - ^ft^ 3 W ? I ^ HT^, ^o 54

64. ioXTTio cPR - ^fcl^KT qp2TT t ? , eP^R, 1962, ^ o 116 65. ^ o ^^f^PTT - ^ V ^ ^ a n ^ f e j f M , ^ o 50

^«nT 3reqPT: ^^

66. 3 T R o ^ o cmfcFT^ - 3TT^fen 3 W % ^ , aTT^^T^T^, 1961, ^o 325

67. cWxjdMd - ^ Rcilc^^M 2, arorra 4, ^o i

68. ioTT^o cf^ - ^frTFRT ^PTT t ? , eT^^^. 1962, ^ o 121

69. ioT^o cfTR - ^lef^TfT '^^] t ? , cT^^T^, 1962, ^Jo 123

70. ioxr^o cf=^ - ^frl^m ^fJTT t ? , cT^^^, 1962, ^Jo 141 71. cT^, TJo 126-27 72. cT^, TJo 127 73. ^<\^ - i M ^ 3 W ? J 5 ^ W S , •^o 52 74. TT^TocfrO e T ^ - c W - ^ k : 3 f f ^ f ^ K # f R ^ „ 1968, ^o 51 75. c|^, ^ o 40 76. 3TRoIi?ro cpffcFT^ - 3TT^f^ 3 W % ^ , 3TTcRTT#i, 1949, ^ o 1

77. -^E^oX^o f r ^ - f^ f^H#fR?f 3 W % ^ , -^Lf^ijlcb', 1956, ^o.8

78. ^ ^ o ^ o cTR^ - ^^Iv^ct^H ^ fWRTq^r 3 W 1 % ^ , c P ^ , 1967. ^ o 12 79. 3TRoufro cpffcTT^ - 3TT^felfT 3tN7 % ^ , 1961, ^o ^ 80. cT^, TJo 1-7 81. T T T I ^ ^ t e R F T - f^ MMdH 3fNT f^>!^1R<^d ^^TTc^, HST^ xH'>!<b>!U|, T3[C 3 0 5 - 6

82. 3 T K o ^ o chi[^J|4vd - 3j|^f^iJ| 3 W % ^ , 1961, tjo 1

83. %^ 3 T ^ - % ^ ^ ^ &2fffr T^^ ^arS, 1978, ^o 48

84. 3 T R o ^ o ^frffeFT^ - 3ll^f^i|l GfNT % ^ , 1961, ^ o 1

85. c[^, ^ o 1

86. Tftf^^^rp^ q ^ J ^ - ^fcl^KH: ^ { ^ ^ ^ ^ %gtcT, ^Jo 2 6 1 - 6 2

^«TH 3T«n^: ^'"^ TJo 117 88. Jlll^-^T^Ti WJ^ - ^ f e l ^ m : ^f^^^ ^ f W c T , 1973, i j o 195 89. 3 T R o ^ o ^ f ^ t f c F T ^ _ 3 n ? f ^ 3TT^ % f ^ , 1961, ^o 4 - 5 90. cfft, ^ o 4 - 5 91. ^fftfcKxT^ W ^ - ^ f c l ^ m : ^J^T?^ T ^ Rlcslid, 1973, ''Jo 2 6 5 - 6 6 92. 3 T K o ^ o cfTtf^JpT^ - 3 ] | ^ f ^ i J | a t f ^ % T ^ , TJo 5 93. T f t f ^ K ^ T ^ ^V^ - tS^^W. ^ c R ^ ^ tet^, 1973, ^ o 268 94. cf^, TJo 273 95. cffr, TJo 273 96. 3 T R o ^ o cfTff^^JT^ - 3TT?f%lJT 3 W %^, 1961, ^ o 10 97. JllR-dxJ^; M|u«^i| - ^ f c l ^ m : ^ W ^ ^ ^ Rlc^icl, 1973, ^Jo 276

98. ;56c3J^o1^o c f R ^ - ^ ^^^t^ScRH Z f^ f W r a [ ^ 3 t f ^ % ^ , 1967, TJo 118 99. ^ 3Tcfr - f l ^ : ? ^ 2zft^ TTT:;^ ^STg, 1978, ^Jo 48 100. ^ee^olTxfo cfT^?! - ^ F ^ ^ t ^ c R H Z f ^ f ^ K # f R ^ 3fN7 % ^ , 1967, ^ o 15 101. ^ h f ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ T F ^ - ^frl^lxH: T ^ R ^ 1^4 f ^ ^ j d , 1973, ^ o 125 102. c[^, ^ o 125

103. e r ^ ^fftlfel - n>>dl>HM^ ^TTO f % ^ , f ^ e # , yST^ ^fR^f5^?^, ^ o 1 104. ^ i M q ^ i^l^Mx! - f^ ^ 3 W ^TfTf, ysTfT ;fio, Tjo 13

105. ^ M ^ ^ o f c t ^ - ^civiCl^^M 3 W f % ^ , 1961, TJo 231 106. ^ i f r m ^ m ? ^ - R ^ 3 W ^ 1 ^ , 1961, ^ o 65

^«nT 3T«IFT: ^^ 108. E T ^ ^ n W r - f^^efrFR^ 3 f t ^ f ^ ^ , f^ec^, 1967, ^ o 37 109. ^ o ? m ^ - % ^ f ^ R ^ F ^ ^ 3 t f ^ f c R ^ ( a r j o R l f ^ i l l f^5Ft) 1949, ^ o 86 110. ^ o ^ o ^ f ^ ^ : % ^ : ^ ^ q ^ ^ ^ST^, 1950, ^Jo 206 111. • g ^ Mie>i-x||c^ - St^g^fT^f^^ % ^ , 1958, ^ o 10 112. 3 T R o ^ o w f c f r T ^ - 3]|^f^AJ| 3 ^ f ^ ^ , 1961, ^o 1

113. tcfi 3Te^ - % ^ : ? ^ a ^ M ^^TJ;^ ^a^^, 1978, ^o 56

114. ; g ^ o V r T o ^TTc?T - ^ ^-^l^ci-^M Z f^ f^K#FR?r 3m % ^ , 1967, ^ o 26 115. TTo^o f c T ^ - ^Mix|0<^!^M 3 f f ^ f^^, 1961, ^ o 68 116. ^ ^f^f^^^ - ^ f r T ^ m ^ ^ , 1968, TJO 62 117. J | 1 R ^ ^ T i W ^ - ^frT^RT: ^J<R^ i ^ %gTcT, 1973, ^ o 7 118. ^ ^cfTT?; - $(rl61>M ^ # ^ , 1968, ^ o 149 119. ^ o T n f ^ ^ - f ^ SZftfr 3 W % ^ , Je)H:hl^, 1960, ^o 12 120. cffr, i j o 30 121. 3fn?oufro cf^tfeFT^ - ^ ^ R (^d1>H4^1 3tR7 %^, 1965, i j o 13 122. :S5^oiTxlo clTe?! - ^ ^ ^ ^ t ^ ^ ? H ^ f^ fLf)dl>H451 3 W % ^ , 1967, i^o

121-23 123. 3TT7o^o c p f f e F T ^ - ^ ^ f^ f ^ K # f T ^ 3 f f ^ f % ^ , 1965, ^ o 99 124. ^ o JIll^Hx! - f^ S Z M 3 f f ^ % ^ , Jc^Hchl4. I960, ^ o 42 125. J|)Rl-<^ni q P ^ - ? t e ^ : ^J<R^ x^cf f^f^JcT, 1973, ^o 7 126. ^ ^ o t ; [ T j o cn^?T - ^ ^-^l^cJ-^M Z f^ f^K^nTR?r Sm % ^ , 1967, ^ o 130 127. ^ o T n f ^ ^ - f^ 2 2 M 3 W % ^ , Jc^Hchl^, 1960, ^o 42

^«nT areqPT: 66 128. T f t ^ K x P ^ mUv^iJ - ^fcTFM: TcfWT ^T^f ^^M. 1973, '^o 8 129. ^^oJr^o c [ R ^ - ^ ?^^f^gcf?H Z f ^ f ^ K ^ f R ^ t S W 1%T^, 1967, TJo 218 130. 5 ^ Wf^n\ - ^ f c l ^ m ^ ^ , 1968, tjo 170 131. " ^ , 'Jc 170 132. ^ , TJo 172 133. crfr, ^ o 172 134. ^ o JIlf^Hx! - f ^ a ^ M 3 f f ^ f | ^ , 1960, ^ o 124-25 135. ^^oV[^o c f R ^ - ^ ^-^Uch^M Z f^ f ^ K # f R ? r 3 W % ^ , 1967, ^ o 151-55 136. ^ ^fcf^m - ^ [ r l ^ m ^r?t^, 1968, ^ o 2 6 7 - 6 8

137. xfTo JliriHx! - f^ 2 J M 3fTO % ^ , 1959, i j o 1 3 0 - 3 1

138. T f r f ^ ^ ^ x ^ W ^ - ^IcTFRT: ^J<R^ ^cf f ^ ^ j d , 1973, '^o 223 139. 5 ^ U^f^T^ - ^frTFRT ^ ^ , 1968, 'go 319

140. J|lRl-^ ^P? MI^^S-M - ^frTFRT: T c R ^ ITcf %gtcT, 1973, tjo 208 141. ^^^pTTz\o cne?T - ^ ^^^^T^B^H Z f^ f^^mW^ 3 f t ^ % ^ , 1967,

si Is

o f f c

^IcI^KH ^ T ^ ^ + ? + 3TRT ^ i f t ^ ^ e R r t , ^ = ^ M ^ ,

? = f^R^ra ^ , 3TR7 = ^ 3 n I ^llfccb ^ ^ ^fcf^Rf ^ r ^ ^ 3 T 4 t ^ ^

s m n ^ ^ ^3TT I ^ ^ ^ «n^ ^FT^ f , ^ eft ^ f c l ^ m ^ ^fRRT 3TrftcT ^

^FF^RT 3K?rcT ^ ^ S T T 4 ^f^-erfrRTt cf ^T^^aft ^ t sf^? ^ 9 T ^ ^3^ ^?^^3ft ^

qf^-erfcf, •R-affcT, "^z^ yffhiii

TTCT I T ^ C^

cfuf^, f^c^ur, f^^zpf zr f^^^^rjy ^

tocTT' ^ q ^ - f ^ ^ ^ t (^ ^FT^PTNcT (l / 1 / 8 3 ) ^ ?fr[?NT ^ ^^^c^

%cft^ 3I«2JPT: 69

tl

3T9:ffrr ^(cl^KH ?^TM %TcRUT ^ ^l^^xTT t ^ ^^]^ W^^ ^sfteT ^

^ a r f ^ 3T4 ^ '^fct^Kr ^ ^ ^ 3Trfr?f ^ ^re^sfi ^ f^mrq ^

^ VHuflil \ H i f ^ r i | ' 1^ ^ WT ^ TTTI^O? ^ STf^T^TKT^ ^fci^K^ ^TT^

^fF^maft ^ ^fcl^KH 1% ^ ^ WiK\ f , c ^ f ^ xiM-flfctc^ ITT ^FTT^^^f^ ^ i r f ^ T ^

^ '^^Uf^ ^ ^fcl^KH ^ 5 T ^ 1%ctTcT f ^ Ftfft t I^^T^ g?&? ^f^T^^ ITF t f^f?

ip^H^ (xlM-Tlfelct)) f^^TcT t , W5 t , cjcJHH ^ ^ ^ ^ TT^T^cTT, ^H^f^ 5 T ? ^

<-iif^[e^* ^ ^ i c f ^ r f ^ (3Tc^) q[^ ^ ^ ^ 2 i - ^ & T f % ^ ^ f ^ T ^ y^T5T7 ^

^iTfFT ^ cidHM t , ^i?rt^ t , T^?r^ i;;^ yiu|ciH t , 3 T ^ vi^^ m^ ^^^

n r ^ t , f % ^ f ^ ^ T ^ ^ ' t j f c ^ V T TT^ W r T ^ 3T^W? ^ T T ^ ^J<T^^ ^ ^^TcT^TT

?F?TT 1 1 $^i[oils' ^f?4t ^ ^ T K ^ ^ S ^ 3fr^ ^ %TT^ ^ gf^ ^if TeTT^ f ^

t?tfH 3T«TPT: 70

^ ^ Wf^ Rl^HM t f% ^ ^ ^ ^ f ^ r ^ 3\^ 3TN ^^fKTI ^ ten ^

^ 3Tc?rcT ^ ^Icl^ol ^ ? ^ SlirHM^c^ ^ f e ^ , M ^ ^ T ^

^

^

^ erfem t ^ ^ Vr^ ^ ^ % eft ^SWT '^RTF' ^ M T ^ ^-^OPT f ^ ^ ^"<^TTT

?teRT ^ ^ , ^mflrq^PR, vdM^^lcb, ^fTERfKlt, 3TTeftW^ 3TTt^ f ^ l f ^ ^ ^

# f T ^f^T^TT TT^^ ^ f ^ t cTSTT ^J^T^ ^ ^ W c T ^l^ 3T^^TN ^Wm v^T^^ ^

y^Tr^ ^R^cT: 19 cff ^ T T ^ ^ T^ >!H^l^d ^?^ ^ ^ Ft ^ T ^ I c^fclMil T T ^ i r f ^

viMeif^T^ STeJPrT ^TtRcfTJot f 1^3^^^ ^ f R f t t ^ H^c^i^uf s s u d f ^ eft ^ t f ^

^ I ^ >!HlI^ri)Rl^KH-"^^JI^ ^ 4)frlMiJ ^ 2 T T HllcHcb ^ ^^^cH RHc^ld T-anf^ f^r

fl

fgcfH 3TeqPT: 72

^ ^ ^ f ^ r f ^ ^ x[Hk<l2fe|cb ^ ? M ^ 3msJTPT ^ ^ ^ CT2TT ^ o ^TW^TR ^

^ 3 ^ ^ ^RTRT STPTT-^^JfJT ycffcT F t ^ t ^ 2 T ^ ^ ^ W f f H^TM ^S^ 3TTefl^ ^

t ^ ^ afGTTJT:

73

( ^ ) ^ ^ c f ^ ^ f l ^ ^if^c^ ^ ^fcRTO Tperi

f ^ ^ ^mfer ^ ffci^M 1000 c^t ^ ^ 3Tf^ m#^ t, f ^

^fcT^NT Tjpsft ^ # f T T ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^H^fKH 1 1 ^ eft ^ ^ f T l f ^ cA ^ ^

3TTf^ ^ ^ eft viee)«y ^ ^ t 3Jk ^ t ?ft 3TyiH(l^icb I

1. ^qmf ^ timt: ^w<^i< ^ err Pdr^c^i ^ ^

i^-^wnl:-^ i^-^wnl:-^ f T i^-^wnl:-^ i^-^wnl:-^TFeTT i r a m i^-^wnl:-^ i^-^wnl:-^ tei^-^wnl:-^ 'fTPfff i^-^wnl:-^ cTTi^-^wnl:-^ i^-^wnl:-^ i^-^wnl:-^ i^-^wnl:-^fT'Ti^-^wnl:-^TT i^-^wnl:-^mcTf t , f i^-^wnl:-^ - i^-^wnl:-^ l i^-^wnl:-^

^ ^^m] ^ '^Wcllxl ^ ^ fmT^cg^ t f ^ ^^^^^TP%' ^ T T ^ feRIT, f ^ l T ^ f ^

^ 3ft? 3TTRR # ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ HPTT ^HTcTT t - ^ WT?T c r t ^ y^JTM q? ^

^rmt ^ cTK?r i^fr ^ n t e ^f^^^w H R ^ ^ ^ 1794 ^o ^ ^

^ s^ I ^!^m^ f^an ITRT ^ ^ ^ 3PTCR ^ ^rf^ 3n^ 1 mr^ fcm ^ ^ ^ ^

^ ^ ^ 3ft7 3 T T ^ % ^ 3fi7 ^ ^ W f ^ WS ^ ^STcTT m ^ ^f^ ^

37^-8^ ^ ^ 3fk ^3^f^ ?«TPT y? ^fTT# ^ cTR^ ^ Pli^f^d ^ I

CTRI^

^

3TTf^ ^jqrfW m ^ ^ 2 f f | 8 4 ^ ^ ^ ¥ ^ ^ 1878 ^o ^ ^^^f^ ^^RT ^3TT I

"(3{) ar^gK :

-1. ^ ^ ^fRPf^ 3]u1<xHlHI I

8. ^ 3rfT^ ^ WFfr-'^r?R ( ^ ^

1. ^ ^T6[FT ^ Lhc||i|< (^^n^)

3. ^d6|lc1 >iHldMI (cJlf^cb oMlvlsilM) (cT cTFT ^ eT fcTcT^rg?

^^g^^Tpft ^ 1850 3T 1869^0)

{Q\ 3 f t ? ^ Cl'^xl^ll^ ^ ^ ^3cR^,1868 f o , ^f^, f t o ^ o )

7. f t ^ ^ r m i t ^ flT#»T^ ^ q^ mW^T, 1874 ^ o ^f^, f^rft^ ^m^^P^^^

t^<ft^ 3TeqpI: 77

8. ft^^^TcTTfr ^m 3fk ^mfer ^ f l t o ^ m 1870-76, 1871 3lt^

1873-76 ^ ^ff^ ^ ycblf^ld (^ ^#fT ^ eT l^d^e^N! ^^ix\\^

^ Cj^Cjd 1870-76)

9. f ^ ^>TRT ^ H N I ^ H ^ RHC^ITI (^S^t^Tf ^ ef eTFT ^ )

10. f^-^xi^i4l -Hm ^ grarf^ % ^ P T T (^?^4t^ c^ CT emr i^'^^xii^i)

^ M ^ j ^ ?r ^ M )

^^Tf^qr^^

3. H^mKd'

/10 \ >

:;y-i-\^^J

fW^ ^iP^rM ^7T ^f^WTR: '"^f. ! ; - i V ' cTRfr ^ '$^^c|K ^ cT feld^r^^ ^ ^^^^^TT^t' ^TPT ^ f B ^ 3fr^

f^^ 3TGIPT: 78

^ f t ^ ^ 3T%n^ ft^aft ^ ^frefr ^ ^ C[T^ 1 t ^ ^ t aft? ft^^^^^nit ^

^^HdHMl' ^ ^tc?r ^ ^ mefr f t ^ ^ , RH^ichl 3TmR SR^Jt-^??!^ t T ^ ^ ^

t ; f ^ ^ ^ c f j f M ^ ^ W I ^ j ^ T T ^ c^ ys:rfT ^>TFT ^ ^ 738 c f ^ 3fK ^ ^ ^ ^

3T?5RT f^f^ ^ > ^ f ^ l ^ 1223 ^ f ^ f M afr? el^cj^l c^ f^tcRTJT 1 1 f i c l k ^ ^ > J p ^

^ I , 1200 ^ Sfl? ^ ^ ? I ^ f I ^ \ ^ f^Tc^ ^ ^ ^ M ^ tef^ t , cT^^mv

_ 3 o / ^ f ^ f ^ 3lt? el>ychl' ^ Rcix:u|, f ^ Tpq:ft ^ e l ^ c ^ l ^fF^P?^ " ^ M R I ^ I ^ aft?

^ M ^ ^ ^ 5 ^ Tper ^ 3TTT^ ^ f l ^ ^ c f i f M ^ el^lsi^l' ? P ^ P ^ {^<\^^\\ ^

f | P ^ 3T^^K ' f t ^ >Hl[^c^ ^ ^fcl^l>H' ^TR ^ f^>5TT t , ^ ^ 1953 ^0 ^

ft^^^RTT^ 3 { ^ ^ ^ , ^ d l ^ N K ^ McMf^ld ^3T[ 1 1 ^ Vr^ ^ ^ 358 ^ OT?

^m^ 3TT^ t , f^TT^ ^ 3 T ^ ^ ? R ^ i ^ ^fRT^ ^ f I cTT# ^ 3 T ^ R ^

f g t f N 3T«TR: 79

800 f l ^ l ^ 800 f l ^ 3 ? t ^ ^ ^ ^^^eT 250 ^ f t ^ ^ feR3T t , ^ l ^ ^ ^

om^ f I fuR 250 ^ 358 1 % ^ dp\^^\ ^ o^^ ^ f^^R^ cTR^f ^ ^ TTST

3TT^ I M fMcT ^ ^^TfPR 125 ^ ^TFT ^ FlT^ f ^ f | ^ Wf|?JTWt ^ f M t

f^mM ^ R ^ 1930 (1873 io) ^ jqJqT 3fk ^ ^ ^ ^ 3T^W? ^ ^ i f K ^ o 1932

^ ^ H klct-illcH ^fTfM ^ ^f7to^3ft cfTT xH'cbdH f^f^JTT t I ^ ^ ^T^ ^ 5?Trf

^ ^f^fM iR ^J#P<T fe^qf^RTf 11 qRrji||cHc|> f^u^f^ml' ^f ^ eft ^ ^ ^ ^ ! # M

t 3fR ^ ^ ^^cR^ ^ ^ f ^ r ^ 3flR ^^^T^ ^ ^ f^fcRTt ^ vieel^y t I ^

-e f -e ^ ^ cTT-eT ^ ^TF^^ ^ f ^ ^ f : '^ JJ^vjixIlrll ffTgFT ^RF^ ST^T^ 3TFR ^

P|c||>!il ?^#^

OH>!-I!JK,

^fTHlRdKH 3TTf^ TpeT cPTRT 3f^? ^^'[^ T][^ W^ 1830

^ ^ viTFTcT ^ ^ ct^^lcict) Ff% ^ ^ ^rei I r^

'f^mt^-TP?K^' t ^ R # y ^ sFg^

(^ICIRH^

#fR^^ f^T^ ^j^^n^

^T^l^-^^^PeR 11 ^ ^ W ? ^ g ^ ^ 376 ^ ^ 839 ^Sf^f^ ^ T^RTSft ^

^ o x I H ^ d M H ^ F ^ ^ ^ W^ Mchl^H c^TcT 1877 f o T ^ H ^ 1 1

^ J ^ c f j f M ^ Y^HT 3T2M ^J^T^ yf^W^ f ^ ^ s M aTTHF'it eft ^:?T^SY ^

t , ^ # f R / ^ ? ^ nTJTTc?r ^ ^ ^5llPlchdl ^ TfTST ^TeH ^ cf^ ^ I 3TcT:

839 ^ ^ f M ^ >^^Hl(; ^FRf^^TcT f ^ ^{^z\^ W^ ^ 1003 4)R|<L|1' cf^ v j c ^ ^ f i

[^M\iU ^ ^ ^ ^m^FS ?pcT ^ ^^^ y^TT^ f ^ ^ ?T^ ^ 'SWm viMi|lJ|

' f l ^ >Hlf^C'M ^ ffSFT ffcT^M' ^ ^^^ ^ f%^ t , ^ ^ 1957 f o ^ f t ^

f^m^ "^ RnRlfciiiH ^ttt^^^R ^ eRn^d ^ ^ 1873 f o ^

^»TRCT

3TRf 2^ I ^ 1886 f o ^ f ! m ^ ^ n r ^ f ^ - f c m r ^ ^ ^

THTT

^ ^ m^

^tTNcfr^ ^>TRT 3 l k ^^nfer, f^r^tW^ geRfr^rPr ^ ^ f ^ m ^ ^ ^ 3Toq1^

t-"^»TM-^m%o? ^ ^J^ ^fFR?r ^[w^ ^ ^ ^Ffra Ft^ ^ sjfciRcixi ifF Tper

^ 952 t CT2TT f ^ m ^ ^FR^ ^ ^ ^ 3 e ^ TRT? ^ HRfT ^ 3PT^ '^vI^^K ^

eTT f^Tr^f?^^ ^ ^ ^TS^^nit' ^ ^ ^ W ^ f%i[T fY^\ 1^^

^ Tper cf^ 3TT^f)TY ^HIHM g ^ ^ T ^ ^ 3TFFJN ^ ^ i f ^ 1 1 ^

fgift^ 3T«ira:

83

3. ^^

tr«rq '^rrz ^ ^ f^^IFT f:

3T.

y^WNHI:-? ^ ^ 5 ^ t (7 ^ 11) y^WNHI:-? ^ TRT

^ 3T^m? 3 ^

? ^ ^ 1 1 ^ (1323) 11 ^ j f ^ ^ "^R WTW] 11

-. -. -.TTTrrrr

4. to qf^^T^

flcfr^ ^ f u ^ ^, ^ % ' ^ TTST t , ^ 168 TJM f I TTST 12 GTeq^ft

fgcfrq a^Kn^: 84 3>o ^ 9 T ^ ^^TPT Xr'sT^HTf T^HI<t>ld 2. 5. 7. 8. 9. ^ct-dHId

ffmrf ^Erf^

cbRlHIdl

^W^

cf>|ci|P)ufij TR^f^WRTf^refM

gcRfr

1550 io -^ WJWl

1600 io ^ eFPFl

1655 io

1718 go 1725 ^ o ^ eFPT^ 1746 $o

1750 io ^ H^rpT^

1817 i o

feft^T 3T«TPT:

85

10.

11.

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. vIMIcheMgH

^FTR-^fRT?

^cklHId ^ ^

geR?f^M

O 1843 ^ o 1848 ^ o 1854 ?o 1863 f o 1868 io 1869 | o

1875 ^ c

1876 io

1883 ^ o

1887 io

3TfE^ GTim? W ^ % ^ t , ^Wf^ ^ arj^TPT ? ^ ^ sTTcT ^ ^ 4R ^ T ^ t

f% ^ 951 <^{^<^\ ^ 886 c^Rijl' ^ v 3 c ^ ^ W t ^ ^ HT^ '^JM^' ^ ^!T?T^

%^rT t , ^ ^ ^ 93 RfcmcT ^ ^ 3 T f ^ 11

g^rm 1 % ^ I ^ J ^ # ^ e f ^ ^ f q ^ ^ ^ i^ eft ^ cf)TeT-#»Tr3R ^ f^^^, q? 1. '^R^ ^^TcT (700-1300 ^o) | 2. M-rf^41' ?TcTT6^ ^ £ n f % g ^ r f f R ^ I 3. qfeT^ H 1 ^ H < ulNxlTl ^ ^ - c h R c l l I 4. gqeT-'^Y^nR I 5. g e R % ^ M I 6. ?n^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ f F f f ^ M (1500-1600 ^o) 7. ^lr|cbloL| (1580-1692 io) 8. •^[errfl^KT ^ 3Fq q ? ^ (1600-1700 ^ o ) 10. 4>RJ^ c^ ^TMq ^ f^-^^ltlM (1800-1857 io)

11. H^KI-fl Rcl-elRiJI ^^ WW] ^ {^^i-^H (1857-1887 f o )

3T^aTTf^ 3 T f ^ 9iix\\i ^ f ^ ^FTT t W^ ^R^STT 3T^RF t ^ f^ f^TRfcTfecT 2. ulJiPlcb I

3. ^mWRI

4. ^^^tYcTRTI

5. R^mfcl ^T^RI

o

6. ^Rfto HI6H< ^m^T^ I

7. cicvl'HMi4 I

8. ffefcHTSTI

9. ^q^TO I

10. ^TTiTT^RTI

11. ^kefef I

12. ^eRft^KTI

13. i^^i^dld I

14. ^fR^NI

15. ?R?^r^ I

16. c T e ^ ^ ^TTcf

fgcfH 3Teqpi: 88

17. cj^fcuiH'c^ c Z T R T ^ I

18. ^MT j%c[^TK I

^S^ A W^ ^i^^ ^ ^ W7 ^ ^ ^ ^(clc^ cfTT ^fT%&Ff cT^f^ vSc;y|ciH

to^ ^ ^ tor I f^Ji^J^ ^ W ^(cl^KH cl^llPlcb q ^ IR f^T^ Tfm yST^

W[ 1883 fo ^ ^f^-^^TFT^-y^nlM ^fmr ^

T^TFPTI

ff i

WT\

^\P^ ^ (^c^kl >HHifl ^ a r j ^ F f m ^ ^ W f Glliqcb ^ ^ XR 3TRWT % ^ 3fr?

W\ 1900 ^0 ^ 1 9 1 1 ^0 cR) ^ 3Tcrf^ ^ ^ ^ 3TT^ f^fe^ ^ ^mpfT ^ ^ - f M e

3 i k ij^<t)^c|[^^|^ fi^T^) ^ W\ 1913 f o Tf ^ f^Te^ ^ Slfq^rr ' f ^ ^ g - f ^ T f t ^ '

Mcblf^ld f%^ I ^^TRfiT ^2TT ^HTT ^ 1034 f o Tf M^rftlcT f3fi P ^ ^ ^ T f ^

eFPFT 2250 ^ 3 l k 4591 >Hl(^c-i|4)Kl ^ MRrjiJ PPf^ fcf^^ ^ y ^ 11

^ - W s J T T ^ ^ ^ ' f ^ ^ ^ - f c R k ' ^^c[^ 3Tq^ ^FFm cFP ^

^ ^ ^ t , ^ ^ 'ftrnf^-^fRt^' c^ ww^ t\, 6ffetf5 Kii-\dp\ artrarr ^ 3 ? ! ^ ,

PlHf^fecl ^FHRfM ^ ^ffFRTcTT c?r ^ f :

1. ^ ! ^ ^ 3 ^ ^f^fM ^ ^^RT3ft ^ 1

4. 'l^lcjRH^-^fRK^' ^ I

6. 3Tq^ W ^ ^ Rhcjcilclill' ^ I

1. WIU 1660 ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ T ^TFT^ ' W ? - W ? ' I ^ ^ HFT: 150

2. ^ o 1718 ^ 'chRlHldl-W^' I

3. ^ o 1776 ^ CFTVPT WJ^ "^f^jfQ^^r^~'^^3\R]', f^RT^ 212 ^f^fM ^

^^RT^ t l

4. ^ o 1792 ^ ^erqfeRra ^ £ R - ^ '3TeT^f^-Yr^TF?^' I ^ ^ 44

c^l^^l ^ ^TFf 11

5. ^ o 1803 ^ 'HlHct^Rl-RKlRldKH' W ? I

6. ^ o 1874 ^ 'te^fft^cT^fMt' W ? |

7. ^ o 1900 ^ '^FRTFRt:^' WT^ I

WT^TcTT eft t , ^ ^ W t ^ ^Jfhr-q?^ ^fr? ^ i^ci^H % ^ 11 ^^?t^ ^?T^

^ vid^[alc^[e[ ferar ^fPTT t 1"^°

1. ^ J c f M ^ ^f^TeT - 700-1343

2.

^ ? C T ^ R 1 ^

^f^IeT - 1344-1444

3. ^

^TT^^TI^

^mef - 1445-1560

4. yfe

H T K T I ^

^f^M - 1561-1680

5. i^cjid'^cl cfTTeT - 1681-1790

6. \3alNlld^c1 We[ - 1791-1889

7. 3{5fKT ^OIQ\

-8. qRc)cj-| ^fTTcf - 1890-1925

9. c|ci^l-i ^mcT -

^ ^^TtR 3 ? f ^ CJTPT 'vJTT ^fRf^T 1 1

1. ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^R-dcbl t - • q ^ r f ^ Tffe^T ^ 'IT ^ f ^ 3ffq[? f ^ ^

feT^^^rr, ^ 1918 f o ^ yct^lRlcl ^ sft I ^ 112 ^ ^ W t ^ ^R-dcj^l t 3fr?

11 W^ ctof^ t ^?^o ^o ^o 3i^ ifF "^

^R^VJI

3fn?J ^feJTT ^m^ m^

^ 3T^rPf?T PraTTf WN 1920 ^ o ^ HrfT aft I ^ g^fcT^ ^TNF 3Tt2TFft ^ f^^J^^fvI t

^HTfTP^ f^r?mcTT3Tlr ^ ^J^Ff^ c\^HH f W r T GTR ^ H f ^ ^ ^FR^ 1 1 eft^ Zf^ 3^re

3 T s r t ^ OT#»T^ ^£fN^ ^f^FZT (l150 ^o) ^ c ^ 3 T T q 1 ^ ^f^l^ cT^ ^ ^ # I

IS. T [ ^ ^ ^ 5 ^ fW^ ^iP^rM ^ ^fcT^re

Tf«T:-f l ^ >l-ilTf«T:-f^ri^ ^ ^Tf«T:-fcl^KH W^^^ (M^mR ^ ^ ^ 3 T T ^ ^J^Tf«T:-fcT ^ ^

(^[TcRT 1978-1997) H^^^^^l ^ t I W ^ 3TTWS ^pfel f^T ' t % ^ ^RTl%?q ^

^Icl^KH' ? ^ ^ n^TK f ^ M ^ ' l % ^ ^Rlflrq ^ " ^ j f ^ ' r[2TT ^IHc^HW ^ ^

1. 3 T F ^ ilH^-si ? J ^ ^ : - * 1 % ^ yiP^oM ^ ^ ^fcT^TO':

feR^fT ^fRT 2TT f ^ 3fFt MRcjRici ^ f ^ ^J^RT^f ^ ^ [ ^ ^ g ^ WT ^ f ^ ^FTTI 3 ^

^ ^ ^mf^c^rfcflTO ^ ^cPTT 3 T f ^ fW^ t f ^ # o ^giPKT^ ^^

cTan ^ ^ f^gpft ^ MilfBr<^lrl6l>:i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 5 ^ ^ '•^J^^ ^ ' ^ ^TFT f ^

MRCIC^H

^ xmf^fr^ct^

MRCIC^H

^ cfTRW TTHTi v^-^l'^

R^TI^RI

^

MRCICI-I

^

Hcf^^fTTTcT c i i l ^ l ^ cfJRTjy STc^RT y k t , ^ ^ H^f^ ftlcq ^ ^ f e ^ ^^ 3TcCRT

^ 3 c ^ t l ^ ^ ^KT f ^ f ^ ^frm f l ^ >mf^ri)Rl^KH ^ cbldRl^TTW^ M ^

qt^ ^ c f t ^ ^H^mdl eft 11 ^ f - 1. f ^ ^ g - I M ^ . 2. ^TFT^-g^TTfM ^THT ^

36

# ^ - f M ^ , 3. ? ^ T F r a ^ ^KT ^ ^ ' f t ^ - ^ l R l c ^ - x I H H I e i r , 4. TFPT^

^ Ti^t ^ ^a^FTcTT 3Tt^r^fHK ^^tfrRf^Tef rR? ^ R^^^ ^ ^ eft ^ t I

f t ^ m^] ^ 3Ti?mk ^^€lr^ wvm w^ ^idi«^ ^

^TFTCT

^

^ 1 % ^ ^mft?^ ^ 3TRWT l^fFR ^ o 1050 ^ W^ cT^TT ^ J ^ ^ f%^ ^ T l f e l ^

1. S^lRchM (^fK^5TFf^Te[) "m^ 1050-1375

2. ^ ^IKf^F^TeT (•^RklcWd) ^ftcRT 1375-1700

3. ^^vR T^<^^ld (^Rl4)ld) TRcT 1700-1900

4. STT^te Wef (^TSf ^f^lef) ^fRRT 1900-1984 ^^

feft^ srezTR: 97 cfJTcT f^'HTvJR (^FfcRT 1050-1375) (^ffc[cT 1375-1700)

}n

f^rjuy ^f^T^tfRT

I !

- v5a1^HWRJTe[ (^frlcMd) W^^ 1700-1900 S T T ^ f ^ Zf^^el (Jmct^lel) W^^ 1900-1984 ? r ^ f , c [ ^ ^J^T^ 3 T ^ # f T I ^ W ^ ^ c^FTTfr 1 1 ^ ^ ^frTe^Rf-c^^l^ ^

3 T R F }

^ ? ] ^ ^ ^Rl^KH ^ M4,|^H ^ ^ t ^

T ; ^

^ WT^, ^ 1930

f o ^ ^illH^^^^ '^m ^ ' f l ^ •HM # ? '^:^\\^' # ^ 5^:^!^ ^fTFT^ 3T[^

^fci^KH t ^ ^ ^lulHI 2ft I ^m ^ ^fcl^KH feRI^ ^ ^R ^IT^^TT^ ^7 9TT 3^^

>HlfBri) ^ ? p f e f ^ q ^ l ^fcl^KH ^ 3Rf ^ ^TFT ^ ^ H ^ ^ ^^f^ ^ HcT^

irr TFTT 3TcT: ^ W^ ^ ^^ >Hif^ri] W ^fcl^KH feRsT^ ^ Pl^^i^ 1 % ^ ^

W\ 1930 | o ^ ^ ^ ^fT^T-'tM ^ y ^ l R m ^3Tr |^° ^ 1944 | o ^ ^ T[2T ^

^ f r a t t ^ iU-<bi^\ UcMf^ld |3(T, f ^ r a ^ ^(TM 3fi^ ^ilf^cil ^ ^irl^K-l ^ 3T?T

3TeFT-3rcFT ^JY f ^ ^ I

^ f ! m ^ f^n^j % I R ^ ^ ^ ^ Y$\t 3KR f ^ ^ q ^ t l

1. RFeTT ^ f% ^pFc[ ^ ^ ^WraTT ^F^TcT ^ >HHlf^ ^ o 1375 f^o ^ ^

^fTRi^ f, ^ MFT ^ ^ ^ o 1400 f^o cT^ ^ J ^ c^ ^ f I

^ c^^cbi '^^^ RcbKH cf)T ^ ' •^f^ 11

3. ^^TRt ¥^TK I ^ M : ' % ^ lTTttr?T ^

^"[fiT^':-W^ ^RTK f ^ ^ ^ a ^ ^ ^cJclRcl ^ I 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ >HlfBri^(cl^K-|-^[TT^?^

^ ? ^ 5^?T^ ' f t ^ >Hlf^riJ ^ ^i^ter' t , Ril^Hcbl y?T^ yc^l^M ^ 1940 ^o ^ ^3TT 2TT I fcRcTiTRrit ^ 3TCIIFT^ ^ ^f?^ W^ ^^m^ ^ c[# ^ 3Tft^-^TT^

iJT^ 3lk 3RT f^T^rrg^ft ^

^FRST

t%^ ^m ^ ^mfl?^-^fF^?ft cg^ o n i ^ n

^3^T^ ' f t ^ ^Hlf^riJ ^ ^>jteT' ?f^ 3fk W c f ^ ^ ^ ^frT^RT ^ ^ ^ ^ W^ ^ t , f ^ ^ ^ ? ^ W^ f c f l ^ ^f^Tcf^f ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ?T2^ft 3fR ^ ^ , ^ ^ffFTTfr 3fr^ ^ RK5TT n ^ H ^ ^ f I ij[^R)T ^^TR ^ 1 ^ ^ # ^ f l ^ 'mf^ ^ W^ 'HR^ ^ F r f l ^ ^ R W ^

m, \^^dr>\ ^ST^r

MHVW^XIUI

^ 1938 ^o A ychlf^ld ^3TT I

1. ^fttelef - (^o 750-1000)

2. ^Ixiuicbld - (^o 1000-1375)

3. "HOdcbld - (^Fio 1375-1700)

4. ^(clcbld - (^o 1700-1900)

\42

^ f^^TT^Jpr ^ ^pq^ t f ^ ? ^ T ^ 3TT£TR ^pfef ^ ^ f^T^T^^ t I

^^^fcf 3TcR ^ t f% ^ ^J^feT ^ 4lTfTT2:[FT?rd ^

3TRWT

f^to^o 1050 ^ ^^TT^

t , ^ ^ ^ ^TT^ T-S^HIMH 'm^ ^f^M' ^ #fTT 50 ^ 3 l k ^ ^T^ c^ W^

tl

#fTT ^ ' ^-eTFT ^ ^ f ^ o ^ o 750 ^ 1000 cT^ Tfpff t^'* sff^ ^ ^ ^«TFT ^ ^

f ^ o ^ o 1200 ^\^f^

^ vff^z^i f ^ 1 1 3 r ^ ^ f ^ M i ^ g ? T o 5 T - # ^ ^ 3 i l ^ M ^ ^ ^ITfFT om^

^ -^^^ ^m^iJH^ ^ ^ t , ^ f ^ ^ o cFft ^ ^f>f^-^aT ^ ^{#cT " ^ 1 1 ^ e f r

^ ^ ^HxI^Hdl 3fr^ ycii^Lj^uf^i z^ ^f)Knr ^3^T^ ^frl^NH t r a f ^ e f m ^ t e |3TT t

cTSTT m ^ ^ ^ ^ efTcr ^ Q,m^ W^- ^?^eRTT ^?T t 1% ^ ^ f > d c M d cT^ f\

%cft^ 3T«TPT: ^^^

Mv!u^>^i ^ vdcd'y-i ^ f ^ 3w^ ^ ^ ^fcT^rf^ ^ t e f ^ f^r£TH% f ^ f i"^^

4)dct7a1l, ^ d l ^ N K , ^1chxl)eil 3fK cTT^k ^ sfRTifT^ Wf^^ WJJ^ ^t \"^^

^ ^ S ^ ^"^T^ ^ 3 f ^ RlPlilVl ^ ^f)^ ^fT^ t l

fScfrq 3l«iF}: 104 >l^o|6jc^ ^f7^ ^ f R ^ , ^ ^ ^fr% ^

3. ^ o ? f l t ^ ^TRf: ' 1 % ^

yiP^oM':-^ yiP^oM':-^ VyiP^oM':-^fyiP^oM':-^ yiP^oM':-^fcfyiP^oM':-^KT ycbllyiP^oM':-^ld yiP^oM':-^fyiP^oM':-^ yiP^oM':-^ illulHI yiP^oM':-^ 1947 yiP^oM':-^ o yiP^oM':-^ i R T f sJt | yiP^oM':-^ yiP^oM':-^ ^ c f t ^ ^ 5 ^ sf^^T^: ^ 1952 ^ o , 1959 ^ o 3 f k 1969 ^ o ^ ^ W t e f ^ I RST^ eft ^ g ^ ^ ^FTRTK^ ^o t f t ^ cFff 3fR ^ o P T ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ f

^ ^ ^^^ % " ^ ^T^ Mfcifcd f t e i a ^ ^ ^ wc^. %- 1. Mi^Ric^

^ H ^ - ? T f ^ , 2. q ^ R M , 3. cJIclNxIui, 4. ^ ^ 3f^? 5. TT^ePT"^^ ^Tf^cT: W F cT^

y<^RViiil' ^ tern 3 ^ ^Hif^r-M ^ Y ^ ^ torn i^^

1. OT#»T^ ^>Tcf - (1184-1350 ^O)

2. 'Tt^^Tef - (1350-1857 ^O)

3. a r r g f ^ ^^TCT - (i 857-1965 iof^

1. ^^TTKR>Tef '^J vJrctJ«|cbld - (1350-1500 ^O)

2. ^JT^ ^R^cbld i n xRTJ^c^ ^)Tef - (1500-1600 ^O)

T ^ ^RT >H«^lRd ' f l ^ xHlf^eil ^ ^fcl^KH' t , f ^ f f f ^ McM^M ^ 1973 ^ o ^

V

^ ^[rl^KH ^ ^ ^ ^ ^mttc^ ^ SjfrlRckl 5TFT ^ ^ f f l f ^ ^ ^ 3T?mk ^f^^^

^ f > ^ ^ f l ^ - ^ f n t t c ^ cPT 3 n f M ^ W[ 1184 ^ o ^ 3 T R R m HFTT 8T[ 3 f k

WfcPT^ - g R - ^ '^^c^^clx! 6fTf6|fcf ^R7' ^ f l ^ ^ tfFefr ^ ^ f r f ^ \^ft^]

^nfcFT? ^ ^ ^HM ^ sr^arr 1 % ^ ^ a r t e f^f^f^s 11^® ? ^ ^ f ^ ^ ^ R ^

^ 1% xlHxI^MK ^ Wlv^4>^ ^ ^ ^ z r f ^ ^ 1 % ^ ^ 3?aR ^ P ^ HPTT ^ ^ 1 ^ , ^

^ f t ^ - 3 ^ ^ ^ ^ 5TT 3fl^ \^i-\do\ i R ^ ^fTTftrq ^ ymjc\ vT^yxrif f |

1 . 3[Tf^^TeT - >Hld41' ?nft ^ ^R^ ^ 14 4 t ^Tcfl ^ ^R^ tTcp | 2. ^Tf^cT^TeT - 14 41f ^TcfT ^ T^KJ ^ ^ ^ ^ 4 1 ?Tcft c^ ^TEZI cT^ | 3. ftfcT^TcT - 17 ^ ?Rft ^ ^TEZT ^ 19 4 t ?Kft ^ ^TE?! cTcf71

4. 3 n ^ p r ^ mQ\ - 19 ^ ^ c^ W^ ^ 3T^ c T ^ r

1. ^-Ivjif^Kui-^TTcT (^TR#=^ ^Tef) - ^ 1857-1900 | o 2. vjiiM>("l-^Errf-^fJTcT ( f l r ^ ^ - ^ ^ T e T ) - W\ 1900-1918 ^ o 3. ^T^jm^-Wfof - W\ 1918-1938 ^ o ,59

fgcfN 3T«TPT: 109 4. W I ^ M K I O I ^ ^Tef (^) l J ^ - y 4 l J | c h l d - ^ 1938-1953 f o (^) 'iclcrl^'i-^JTcT - ^ 1953 ^0 ^ 3T6f cT^ ,60

^TFeT f^'HTupT

1. Snf^^nef {W^ ^ ^ ^ T S J T ^ 1 4 c f f ^ T c f r c ^ H K 7 c T ^ ( ) 2. ^ f ^ c b l d (14 cit ^ ^ Tf?37 ^ 17 ^ ^ ^ TfHT cR? l) - 3. >^[ctcMel (17 4f ^ ^ ^TEJT ^ 19 ^ ^ ^ 'T?^! cTc^ I) 4. 3 T T g f ^ ^f^^ (19 ^ ^ ^ ^=fKT ^ 3T^ ^

1.

(1857-1900 io) 2.

(flMt-^f^TcT)

(1900-1918 io) (1918-1938 f o ) 4. WM|c|K~la1x: Wc^ I (^) T?7rf^-yiiVichid (1938-1953 io) ( ^ ) Hc|c^^^ ZfJT^ (1953 ^ o ^ 3Pf cT^)

feft^ 3T»TPT:

110

viM^ckl ^fcl^KH Ji^ ^ SifclRckl ^ ^ ^ l^^TK t t ^ f e T - f t ^

W t t c ^ ^ ^ i R c b l d ' , ^IH^dlclH TTF^JT CRT ' f ^ ^ ^mfto? ^ ^=RTT ^frfFTH', • 3 n ^ l ^ 1 t ^ ^Hlf^r-y', 3TTf^ jj^ ^ H^rcH^uj ^ ^ ^ f ^ ^ f ( ^jcidloixl 3 T ^ ^Rl^K1 T T ^ ^ ^ PlHfelRild t -S^l^iei^M ^ ! T ^ , Mcbl^M ^ 1836 I 2. ^ ? T ^ T T T ?];^CT - '^\^] ^^wi ^mr?, ^^RTCT f ^ ^ , d^yHvrb, 1873 I

f N H 3T«TR: ^

^ , eRI^T^, ^ 1878 I

[^-<)WM, l^l^Mll^cb #^JTFT^,

57 ^ ^ ! ! ^ , 0e1c*^cni, 1889 i

5. WT^ ? ^ 7 F f g ^ ^ ^ M - f t ^ ^prfcK xlcHMIdl, 1909 I

6. f ^ ^ ^ ^ J - f^^Pf^ f ^ r ^ , WU TTST^f^

36, % m ^ ^ , d^Hvrb, ysffl

^ 'TFT-IQIS, ^ 4 ^>TFT-1934

7. ^?PPf^ f ^ m J l - ^?^f^ ^ ? f t ^ , ^ M ^ y^^^T^R,

sFerf, ^[iR 1917

8. X J ^ f ^ T f W - ^ ^ J ^ 3TT^ f t ^ f ! ^ 3 ^ , 1917

^M^, q'^dcbcdl, 1920

10. ^ f^^frf^ ^ - W^^RT^ ^m. fP^ JUf^

^fMeFT, y^TFT, 1923

11. ^ ^ f T e f T e f - ^ H I d l d - t % ^ ^ m f ^ f ^ ^ , 1923

f g ^ 3TeqpT: 112

12. W^fr^ST "^ZZ

13. 3 T ^ ^ TpTT SRTT^ f ^

14. ^fM ?RJ? f l f ^

- f l ^ , 1925

- f l ^ ^ g^TeRPT c?Tf^, 1926

- ^gcf^fzt ^FRt^, U2TH ^>TFT-1927,

^ p c f ^ r f t ^ ^feTFRT JT^ ^ dlfelchl

1. STTrnrjf YPfcp^ ^ ^ ^

5r£nfM ^fFfT, c f ^ , 1929

2. TzrFrg^:^^ "^m

3. ^ ^ ^ > P T T ? T T ^

4. x!H|!^l«^>i Wm^

' • • . • r '

5. YHT?Rv? ? p c r 'T^TTcT

#^gIFT ^ fefo, n^TFT, 1930

^icT^RT, ( ^ f t ^ - l 150-1800), eTT#^

^ Wcf^lRld, 1930

^ t e f f , ^FRRRH ^^flefT, ?en?M^, 1930

^Fl^TRTfFT efTcTT, " $ d l ^ H K 1931

feft^ 3TeqR:

113

6. ^ ^ '^FT ?Frf

7. ^^M?T TRTK f t ^

8. ^ ^cTT^ c i M i ^ ^ l viMlcjyicI, 1931 f t ^ ^Hlf^riJ, 1931 ^f^^5^T^ ^ , 5RTFT,1931

9. T^rm^T? ^j^vf 'Y^TTcT' - ^ m f ^ n^f^^^-1931

^(Tlf^ qf^W^-1931

10. ^ v j i ^ H < m

11. '^m ?T^v? ?per

12. ^ ^ ? t ^ ^ ^?T?^ 13. x ^ T ^ ^fTt^c^TFPT

14. ^ d M ' ^ m

15. ^ o ^J^f^fTRT 16. JlVlId cTTcr ^ S ^ ^ V . ct^HdHf^l TfSTT^eTT, 1932 cJK|UK?|-l934 - Wi%e?T ^ ?Tf^, 1936 - 5^mc^ f^CTRR^, 1937 TTTflc^ ^ ? ^ W^^^, 3TFr^, 1937 - f t ^ >Hlf^rii ^ xJnM^^yi, 1938