THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
by:
Agnes Octaviani Rahmanti Kusumawardani C1305501
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
ii
THE USE OF CODE SWITCHING BY MTV VJ OF MTV GLOBAL ROOM IN GLOBAL TV
by:
Agnes Octaviani Rahmanti Kusumawardani C1305501
Approved to be examined before the Board Examiners
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
Thesis Consultant
Drs. Sri Marmanto, M.Hum NIP.195009011986011001
The Head of English Department of Non – Regular Program
iii
THE USE OF CODE SWITCHING BY MTV VJ OF MTV GLOBAL ROOM IN GLOBAL TV
by:
Agnes Octaviani Rahmanti Kusumawardani C1305501
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University
On March 31, 2010
The Board of Examiners:
Position Name Signature
Chairman Drs. S. Budi Waskito, M.Pd
NIP. 195211081983031001
_________________
Secretary Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, MA
NIP. 196708301993021001
_________________
First Examiner Drs. Sri Marmanto, M.Hum NIP. 195009011986011001
_________________
Second Examiner Dr. Tri Wiratno, MA NIP. 196109141987031001
_________________
The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Agnes Octaviani Rahmanti Kusumawardani
NIM : C1305501
Stated wholeheartedly of the thesis entitled The Use of Code Switching by
MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV is originally made by the researcher.
It is not a plagiarism nor made by the others. The things related to other people
works are written in quotation and included the bibliography.
If it is proved that the researcher cheats, the researcher is ready to take the
responsibilities.
Surakarta, 2010
v MOTTOS
Do not ever give up until you get what you want
Love suffers long and is kind; love does not envy; love does not parade
itself, love is not puffed up;
(1 Corinthians 13:4)
vi DEDICATION
From the deepest of my heart, I dedicate this thesis to:
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise to the Lord Jesus Christ.
First of all, I want to give thanks to the Savior, Jesus Christ with all my
strength, heart, and soul. He has given His blessing and mercy until I can finish
this thesis. I also want to give thanks to Mother Mary because of her love and
grace has helped me to finish this thesis. I would like to express my gratitude to
all of the people who helped me to finish this thesis:
1. Drs. Sudarno, MA, Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret
University, for approving this thesis.
2. Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M.Pd, Head of Non Reguler English Program in
English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret
University, for his leadership.
3. Drs. Sri Marmanto, M.Hum, my Thesis Consultant, thank you very much for
the time, guidance, patience and giving me suggestions or critiques to finish
this thesis.
4. Fitria Akhmerti Primasita, SS, MA, my Academic Consultant, thank you for
her guidance and support me in finishing my thesis.
5. Miss Sarah Pearsall, M.TESOL, my lovely English Department Lecturer,
thank you so much for the interview.
6. All lecturers of English Department who have taught me and gave a lot of
viii
7. Reza Olivia and Billy Bundchen, Karavan Radio Station Broadcasters, thank
you for the interview and help me in finishing my thesis.
8. My beloved Papi and Mama. Thank you very much for your love, patience,
supports, care, pray and everything for me. (Mama, I was so sorry that I have
made you got sick. Thank you so much for not allowing me to come home if I
cannot finish my thesis). (Papi, I was so sorry that I made you got very angry
with me. You are the most patient father in the world).
9. My big lovely family, thank you very much for supporting me to finish this
thesis.
10.Someone who has gone...I will never forget that you were ever part of my life.
Thank you so much for supporting me in finishing my thesis.
11.All of my friends of Non Reguler English Program 2005, Lesti, Iis, Citra, Nia,
Mas Wawan, Iik, Sapto, and the others (sorry, I cannot mention one by one!).
Thank you for the support until I can finish my thesis. I love you all and don’t
ever forget our beautiful moments!!!
12.All of the people who always help me and also support me until I can finish
this thesis. I am sorry that I cannot mention one by one. Thank you very much.
Love you all………..
Last but not least, I believe there are still many mistakes in this thesis.
Therefore, I hope the readers can give suggestions or critiques in order to make
this thesis much better.
Surakarta, 2010
ix ABSTRACT
Agnes Octaviani Rahmanti Kusumawardani, C1305501, 2010. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University The Use Of Code Switchingby Mtv Vj Of Mtv Global Room In Global Tv
This research is a descriptive qualitative research in sociolinguistics field. The samples are collected by using purposive sampling technique. The objectives of this research are to find out the forms of code switching used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV and to find out the reasons of using those code switchings by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV.
Based on the data analysis, the researcher finds two points in this research. The first point is about the forms of code switching used by the hosts in presenting the program. Those forms of code switching are intrasentential switching, intersentential switching and tag switching.
The second point is about the reasons of the hosts in using those code switchings when they present that program. The hosts create intrasentential switching because of the familar and simpler words and the use of jargon. Then, the hosts create intersentential switching to clarify, to give information, to express condolence feeling, to express thanks feeling, to introduce guest and to have break time. The last is the hosts insert tag switching when they are speaking because to confirm, as an agreement to play song, to remind the viewers and to make sure the viewers.
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT ... ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS ... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ... iv
MOTTOS ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Research Background ... 1
B. Problem Statements ... 6
C. Research Objectives ... 6
D. Research Limitation ... 6
E. Research Benefits ... 7
F. Research Methodology ... 7
G. Thesis Organization ... 8
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ... 9
A. Sociolinguistics ... 9
B. Ethnography of Communication ... 10
xi
D. Code Switching ... 15
E. Code Mixing ... 17
F. Communication ... 18
G. Mass Communication ... 21
H. Mass Media ... 22
I. Television ... 23
J. Video Jockey ... 24
K. MTV Global Room ... 24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 27
A. Type of Research ... 26
B. Data and Source of Data ... 26
C. Sample and Technique of Sampling ... 28
D. Equipments of the Research ... 28
E. Techniques of Collecting Data ... 29
F. Techniques of Analyzing Data ... 30
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ... 31
1. The Forms of Code Switching Used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room ... 31
2. The Reasons of Using those Code Switchings by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room ... 49
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 64
A. Conclusions ... 64
xii BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABSTRACT
2010. Thesis Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University, This research is a descriptive qualitative research in sociolinguistics field. The samples are collected by using purposive sampling technique. The objectives of this research are to find out the forms of code switching used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV and to find out the reasons of using those code switchings by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV. Based on the data analysis, the researcher finds two points in this research. The first point is about the forms of code switching used by the hosts in presenting the program. Those forms of code switching are intrasentential switching, intersentential switching and tag switching.
The second point is about the reasons of the hosts in using those code switchings when they present that program. The hosts create intrasentential switching because of the familar and simpler words and the use of jargon. Then, the hosts create intersentential switching to clarify, to give information, to express condolence feeling, to express thanks feeling, to introduce guest and to have break time. The last is the hosts insert tag switching when they are speaking because to confirm, as an agreement to play song, to remind the viewers and to make sure the viewers.
Finally, it is hoped that this work can be appropriate additional reference for the other researchers who are taking the researches based on the similar data or approach.
1
Mahasiswa Jurusan Sastra Inggris dengan NIM C 1305501
2
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background
Communication is very important for each aspect of life because the main
necessity of human is a friendly social relationship which can only happen in a
good social relationship with the other people. When people communicate with
their societies, they tend to use their traditional languages or the language which is
often used in their daily lives. It is known as the mother tongue. Besides using it,
people also tend to learn the second language or the foreign language. Moreover,
the mother tongue is a language used by the native speakers since they are still
children and it is used at home. While the second language is a language learned
after the first language either out of necessity or by personal choice and to fulfill
some special purposes. For example, the Javanese language is the mother tongue
and Indonesian language is called the second language. Then, in Malaysia, Malay
is the first language and English is the second language.
In a multilingual community, sometimes a speaker tends to switch from
one language to another, commonly called as code switching. The use of code
switching is obviously visible in many countries, especially in countries that
citizens come from various backgrounds. Code-switching is a term in linguistics
referring to alternation between one or more languages, dialects, or language
language in common. Sometimes the switch lasts only for a few sentences, or
even a single phrase (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Switching). The occurrence of
code switching is related to the situation or to create a suitable situation.
Nowadays, code switching has been largely used in a lot of forms, such as,
novels, radios, televisions, teaching learning process, etc. Television is one of the
important communication medias because many people like to watch televisions
in their daily lives. Television is not expensive anymore since a lot of people own
televisions. There are even many people in the villages having televisions.
Television has many functions, such as providing news; entertainments; sports
etc. Furthermore, this research is going to describe the forms of code switching
use by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV and also the reasons of using
those code switchings by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room. Code switching occurs
when speakers shift from one language or variety of language to another language,
usually in the course of a single conversation, email or letter. For example,
speakers may switch back and forth from Indonesian language to English or from
English to Indonesian language.
This research focuses on the use of code switching by MTV VJ of MTV
Global Room in Global TV. MTV Global Room program is one of the programs
in Global TV. MTV Global Room itself is a program which presents video clips
from Indonesian artists and foreign artists. Sometimes, it invites Indonesian artists
as its guests. At first, MTV Global Room is usually presented at 11.30 am until
12.30 pm but the broadcasting time is changed into 14.00 pm until 15.00 pm. The
3
television. Furthermore, MTV Global Room program is presented from Monday
until Friday. It is hosted by Indonesian VJ. Next, it is usually presented by
different video jockeys or hosts everyday. Firstly, the hosts are Daniel Mananta,
Catherine Sharon Gasnier, Mike Muliardo, Evan Sanders and Rianti Rhiannon
Cartwright. They are senior hosts. It means that they have been as the hosts of
MTV Global Room program for a long time. Then, the junior hosts are, such as,
Franda, Millane Fernandez, Marissa Nasution join into that program. They are
new hosts in Global TV. Therefore, the old and the new hosts are combined to
present the program now.
Most of the hosts of MTV Global Room can speak English well.
Sometimes the hosts switch code from Indonesian into English or switch code
from English into Indonesian. For the further explanation, the researcher will give
examples about the forms of code switching used by MTV VJ of MTV Global
Room and the reasons of the hosts in using those code switchings when they
present the program. Moreover, there are three forms of code switching used by
the hosts in presenting that program; those forms are intrasentential switching,
intersentential switching and tag switching. The examples of those forms will be
described below:
1. Intrasentential Switching
data number 5/ MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07
VJ Daniel : Nah kita kenalan dulu, udah ada Raya, Juno, and Olive. Nah
Olive ini yang gantiin Mikuni dulu. Waktu Agustus 2005 mereka
VJ Franda : Kelihatannya di bulan Agustus udah ditake mereka
The data was taken from the recorded from MTV Global Room program
on August 22nd, 2007. In this data, the word ditake is mixed together with di- (di was a prefix in Indonesian language). Here, di-, in Indonesian language is as the
function of affix to build passsive verb. VJ Franda uses the word ditake than diambil when she wants to give her comment and express her surprise that Park Drive is as MTV Exclusive Artist again in August 2007 because they have been
MTV Exsclusive Artist in August 2005. She also wants to have closer relationship
with the guest star.
2. Intersentential Switching
data number 4 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A21 – 07
VJ Daniel : I’m very sorry to hear that. Aku turut berduka cita dengan
meninggalnya Iman. Now we are having phone. So, don’t forget to
call us on 5835366. Okay, langsung aja.
This fourth data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room
program on August 21st, 2007. At first VJ Daniel speaks in English when he knows that one of the members of ST 12 group band has died because of sick, I’m
very sorry to hear that. Then, he switches the code into Indonesian language, Aku turut berduka cita dengan meninggalnya Iman. By swtching the code, he
wants to express his deep condolence about the died of Iman and to show his
5
3.Tag Switching
data number 1 / MTV GR / TS / A21 - 07
VJ Millane : Hi guys yang pasti in MTV Global Room bareng kita berdua and
all about the requests, jadi buat kamu semua yang pengen request
langsung aja request ke MTV Global Room@Global TV.co.id,
okay? Pastinya dibawah situ juga ditulis apa faxnya. Dan buat requests kita ada Natasha Bedingfield with Soulmate, Samsons
with For You, Dotrie with Home and ST 12 with Rasa Yang
Tertinggal.
The data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on
August 21st, 2007. In this conversation, VJ Millane inserts an English tag after she speaks in Indonesian language. Here, she wants to confirm to the viewers about
the way in requesting songs. If the viewers want to request songs, they can send
emails to MTV Global Room@Global TV.co.id.
In presenting MTV Global Room program, the hosts sometimes create
intrasentential switching, intersentential switching and tag switching. They have
own reasons in using those forms when they are speaking. The hosts sometimes
create intrasentential switching because of the familiar and simpler words and as
jargon. Then, the hosts create intersentential switching to clarify, to give
information, to express condolence feeling, to express thanks feeling, to introduce
guest star and to have break time. The hosts insert tag switching when they are
speaking to confirm, as an agreement to play song, to remind the viewers and to
B. Problem Statements
The problem statements that will be discussed in this research are:
a. What are the forms of code switching used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room
in Global TV?
b. Why is each of those code switchings used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room
in Global TV?
C. Research Objectives
Based on the problem statements above, the objectives of the study are:
a. To find out the forms of code switching used by MTV VJ of MTV Global
Room in Global TV.
b. To find out the reasons of using those code switchings by MTV VJ of MTV
Global Room in Global TV.
D. Research Limitation
Since there are many kinds of topics in Sociolinguistics, it is better to
choose one of those topics and develop the topic into a good paper in order to
make it will be more understood by the readers. Therefore, the researcher chooses
code switching as the topic. Then, the researcher only focuses on the use of code
7
E. Research Benefits
This research is expected to give some benefits to:
a. English Department Students
This result of this research can be used as reference for students to
improve their knowledge in understanding about code switching.
b. Other Researchers
This result of this research can be used as reference and will give more
information to the other researchers who have the same topic with code switching.
F. Research Methodology
The type of this research is descriptive research. It is a type of research
which the aim is to make description about the facts or situation. The researcher
collects the data, classifies the data, analyzes the data and makes conclusion. The
data will be divided in two forms called main data and supported data.
Firstly, the main data are the transcripts of the records which contain code
switching. Secondly, the supported data are obtained from books, interview and
G. Thesis Organization
This thesis is organized into some chapters which will be arranged as
follow:
CHAPTER I is INTRODUCTION. It consists of Research Background,
Problem Statements, Research Objectives, Research Limitation,
ResearchBenefits, Research Methodology, and Thesis Organization.
CHAPTER II is LITERATURE REVIEW. It consists of Sociolinguistics,
Ethnography of Communication, Speech Community, Code Switching, Code
Mixing, Communication, Mass Communication, Mass Media, Television, Video
Jockey, MTV Global Room.
CHAPTER III is RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. It consists of Type of
Research, Data and Source of Data, Sample and Sampling Technique, Equipments
of the Research, Techniques of Collecting Data and Techniques of Data Analysis.
CHAPTER IV is ANALYSIS. It consists of The Forms of Code Switching
Used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV and The Reasons of Using
those Code Switchings by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV.
CHAPTER V consists of CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS.
9
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Sociolinguistics
1. Definition of Sociolinguistics
Sociolingustics is a branch of lingustics that discusses something
particularly significant lying between social community and language. The word
Sociolinguistics derives from a word socio and linguistics. The basic scope of
Sociolinguistics covers language and society since it is a combination of
sociology and linguistics. Here some definitions about Sociolingustics, such as,
according to Holmes (1990, p.1), Sociolinguistics studies the relationship between
language and society.
Meanwhile, Gumperz as quoted by Wardhaugh has observed that
Sociolinguistics is an attempt to find correlations between social structure and to
observe any changes that occur (Wardhaugh, 1998.p.11). Therefore, it creates the
relationship among the people and their social status in the society. Then, Hudson
(1980:1) says that Sociolingustics is the study of language in relation to society.
Meanwhile Chaika (1982:2) states that Sociolinguistics is the study of the way
people use language in social interaction.
Therefore it can be pointed out that Sociolingustics is the branch of
linguistics that tries to disclose the things related to the use of language by its
Sociolingustics does not only discuss what kinds of language use by what social
community but also pays attention to the questions of how and why the people use
certain language when they interact with the others in their social lives.
It can be concluded that language and society are unseparated. People who
live in society need system and tool to manage their realationship among them.
Language is an important tool used in communication because it is impossible to
conduct social relationship and communication without language. Language can
make people understand each other when they are speaking.
2. Scope of Sociolinguistics
According to Wardhaugh, Sociolinguistics is divided into two studies; they
are macro sociolinguistics and micro sociolinguistics. Hudson said as quoted by
Wardhaugh if there is difference between micro sociolinguistics and macro
sociolinguistics is macro sociolinguistics or sociology of language is the study of
society in relation to language. On the other hand, micro sociolinguistics or
sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society (Wardhaugh,
1998.p.13). This research belongs to micro sociolingustics since it deals with the
use of language in certain groups of society.
B. Ethnography of Communication
The aim of Sociolingustics of language, in which the use of language in
11
speaking or more generally, thw ethnography of communication. Hymes in
Wardhaugh (1998) has proposed an ethnographic frame work which takes onto
account that various factors that are involved in speaking. An ethnography of
communicative event is a description of all the factors that are relevant in
understanding how that particular communicative event achieves its objectives
(p.242). For convenience, Hymes uses the word SPEAKING as an acronym for
the various factors he deems to be relevant. Those various factors are setting and
scene, participants, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms of interaction
and interpretation, genre.
a. Setting and Scene (S)
The setting and scene of speech are important. Setting refers to the time
and place. While scene refers to the abstract psychological setting or the cultural
definition of occasion. Setting is the location where the dialogues take place. In
this research, the dialogues happen between the hosts of the program.
Besides, those dialogues also happen between the hosts and the guests, the
hosts and the viewers who call into the programs in order to request the songs or
join into the quiz. All of dialogues take place in the studio of MTV Global Room
program in Global TV.
b. Participants (P) (Who is taking part)
The participants include various combinations of speaker-listener,
addressor-addressee or sender-receiver. The social factors are such as age, gender,
considered. For example, the participants of the program are the hosts, the guests
and the viewers who call or participate into the program.
c. Ends (E) (What do the participants want to get)
Ends refer to the conventionally recognized and expected outcomes of an
exchange as well as to the personal goals that participants seek to accomplish on
particular occasion. Outcome can be defined as the purpose of the event from
cultural point a view. Goal is defined as the purpose of the individual
participants.
In this case, end refers to the purposes of the dialogues. Those purposes
are to give information and introduce Indonesian bands, to give entertainment
about music such as the video clips not only from Indonesian singers but also
from foreign singers gossips of artists, to invite the viewers in order to participate
by requesting the songs; discussing the topic and asking the quiz given by the
hosts.
d. Act sequence (A) (What is said and done)
Act sequence refers to the actual form and content of what is said the
precise words used, how they are used, and the relationship of what is said to the
actual topic at hand. In this research, act refers to performances of the speakers
(hosts) which take place in particular situation or time.
The way all of the hosts are relax, fun, and enjoy in presenting the
program because the program is not formal and it is for teenagers. Sometimes they
create jokes when they speak between the hosts and the viewers who are calling
13
enthuasiams and cheerful therefore the relationship between the hosts and the
viewers are closer.
e. Key (K)
Key refers to the tone, manner or spirit in which a particular message is
conveyed; light hearted, serious, precise, pedantic, mocking, sarcastic etc. The key
may also be marked nonverbally by certain kinds of behaviour, gesture, posture,
or even deportment.
The key in this conversation depends on the situation of the program and
emotion of the hosts. For example, if the news describes about the happiness and
the album sales success of the artists, the hosts will present the program cheerfull
and enthusiastic, the hosts will greet warmly if there are callers who want to
participate into the program, the hosts create jokes with the guests when they ask
questions so the situation will not boring.
f. Instrumentalities (I)
Instrumentalities refer to the choice of channels or tools, for examples,
oral, written, or telegraphic, and to the actual forms of speech employed, such as
the language, dialect, code or register that is chosen. In this case, the tool refers to
the language used during the dialogues. All of the hosts use Indonesian language
as the main language and English for the switching.
g. Norms of interaction and interpretation (N) (Why should people act like this)
Norms refer to specific behaviours, and properties that attach to speaking
and also how these may be viewed by someone who does not share them, for
to regulate the verbal activity and all participants have to obey it. For instance,
when a host asks to another host, he or she must answer so every host can present
the program better and they can create good situation, the hosts have to play the
requested songs which are asked by the callers because the callers will be more
appreciated so they will join into the program continuely.
h. Genre (G)
Genre refers to clearly demarcated types of utterances, such as poems,
proverbs, riddles, sermons, prayers, lectures, and editorials. In the dialogues
happened inside the program, the genre is entertainment, greeting, fact, argument,
information, farewell and joke.
C. Speech Community
Sociolinguistics uses the term speech community to refer to community
based on language. Lyons in Wardhaugh offers a definition of what he calls a real
speech community is all the people who use a given language or dialect
(Wardhaugh, 1998.p.117). Speech community is not only a group of people who
use the same norms for its appropriate use. Basically, the speech community is
shaped because of the mutual understanding, especially the share of linguistics
codes. Speech community is a group of people who share at least a single speech
variety and has the same rules for interacting and interpreting. In speech
community, each of the members can produce a variety of codes, styles, and
15
Speech community can be divided into four main types based on the
number of languages; they are bilingual, diglossia, monolingual, and multilingual.
Generally, bilingual community recognizes two languages that bear an official
status, national, regional. Diglossia describes societal or institutionalised
bilingualism, where two varieties are required to cover all the community’s
domains (Holmes, 2001.p.30). Then, monolingual society essentially recognizes
only one language. And the last, multilingual is a community that officially
recognizes more than two languages.
D. Code Switching
1. Definition of Code Switching
Code-switching is a term in linguistics referring to alternation between one
or more languages, dialects, or language registers in the course of discourse
between people who have more than one language in common. Sometimes the
switch lasts only for a few sentences, or even a single phrase
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_switching,). Moreover, according to Gal as quoted
by Wardhaugh, code switching is a conversational strategy used to establish, cross
or destroy group boundaries, create, evoke or change interpersonal relations with
their rights and obligations (Wardhaugh, 1998:100). Then, Robert Di Pietro
(1977:3) gives a very inclusive definition of this phenomenon, "code-switching is
the use of more than one language by communicants in the execution of a speech
restrictive definition of code-switching. She defines code-switches as,
"multi-word sequences, which remain lexically, syntactically, and morphologically
unadapted to recipient language patterns (http://callhavid.wordpress.com).
Code-switching occurs when speakers shift from one language or variety of language to
another language, usually in the course of a single conversation, email or letter.
For example, speakers might switch back and forth from Urdu to English, or from
Scots to English, or indeed from Urdu to Scots. Code switching describes the
process of people moving between registers, dialects, and languages in the course
of a conversation.
2. Types of Code Switching
According to Wardhaugh, there are two kinds of code switching, those are
situational code switching and metaphorical code switching (Wardhaugh,
1998:103). Situational code switching occurs when the languages used change
according to the situations in which the conversant finds themselves: they speak
one language in one situation and another in a different one. No topic change is
involved. When a change of topic requires a change in the language used, it is
called metaphorical code switching. Sometimes situational code switching or
metaphorical code switching happens inside the conversation between people with
the others when they communicate.
Besides, according to Gumperz (in Poplack, 1980) divides code switching
into three types, those are situational code switching, methaporical code
17
switching in which disticnt language varities are associated with disticnt activities
or situation. The second type is methaporical code switching which occurs within
a single situation. The third type is conversational code switching. There is no
change of situation or topic here, which may happen in the situational and
methaporical code switching.
Poplack (in Romaine 1989:122) says that there are three forms of
conversational code switching, tag switching, intersentential switching, and
intrasentential swtching. Tag switching involves the insertion of a tag in one
language. Then, intersentential switching involves a switch at a clause or sentence
boundary, where each clause or sentence is in one language or another. The last
one is intrasentential switching is for some linguist considered as “code mixing”.
Here, this research uses the theory of Poplack because the whole data obtained in
this research are included into those forms, intrasentential switching;
intersentential switching; and tag switching.
E. Code Mixing
Code mixing is a part of language dependency in a bilingual or
multilingual society. It means that in a bilingual or multilingual society, it is
almost impossible for the speakers to use one code or one language without
making use of another language. According to Trudgill, code mixing is the
process whereby speakers indulge in code switching between languages of such
any given time which language they are speaking (1992:16). It seems that the
langguage used in conversation is difficult to detect. The use of two langguages or
more does not deal with the change of situation, topic, and participants.
From the definitions above, it can be seen that almost of those definitions
have the same limitation understanding of code mixing. It is the process where a
fluent bilingual uses two or more languages in talking to another by putting
elements of one code into another without any change at all in the situation.
Hudson says that code mixing as the condition where there is a fluent bilingual
talking to another fluent bilingual change language without any change at all in
the situation (1996:53).
F. Communication
1. Definition of Communication
If we are talking about communication, there are many definitions of
communication. For example, communication is the exchange of thoughts,
messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behaviour
(http://www/answers.com/topic/com). Next, communication is the transmission of
the information, ideas, emotion, performance, etc by using words, pictures,
numbers and graphics, etc as it said by Berelson and Steiner (1964) in Mulyana
(2000, p.62).
Based on the definitions above, it can be concluded that communication
19
other hand, communication not only happen between two people or more but it
can happen between only one person when a man is talking with himself under his
awareness or not. For example, when we are thinking in order to find the answers
of the others’ questions and when we are delirious while we are sleeping.
2. Communication Process
In the communication process, there are some elements inside the process.
Those are source, process of encoding, message, channels, process of decoding,
receiver, and potential for feedback and the chance of noise (Dominick, 1996:6).
It will be explained further one by one below:
a. Source
Source initiates the process by having thought or an idea that he or she wishes to
transmit to some other entity. Source can be single individuals, groups, or even
organizations.
b. Process of encoding
Encoding refers to the activities that a source goes through to translate thoughts
and ideas into a form that may be perceived by the senses. Encoding in a
communication setting can take place one or more times, for example, in a face-to
face conversation, the speaker encodes thoughts into words.
c. Message
Message is the actual physical product that the source encodes. For example,
d. Channels
Channels refer to the ways in which the message travels to the receiver. Sound
waves carry spoken words, light waves carry visual messages.
e. Process of decoding
Process decoding consists of activities that translate or interpret physical messages
into a form that has eventual meaning for receiver. For example, a reporter sits on
city council meeting and takes notes.
f. Receiver
Receiver is the target of message-its ultimate goals.
g. Potential for feedback
Feedback refers to those responses of the receiver that shape and alter the
subsequent messages of the source.
h. Chance of noise
Noise is anything that interferes with the delivery of message.
3. Type of Communication
There are some types of communication. According to Mulyana (2000:72),
those types are:
a. Intrapersonal communication
It is a communication which happens in person himself. It means that we
communicate with ourselves under our awareness or not, for example, when we
are thinking in order to find the answers of the others’ questions and when we are
21
b. Interpersonal communication
It is a communication between a person and the others and it happens face
to face. That communication will enable a person can catch the reaction of the
others directly in verbal or nonverbal communication. For example, the
communication happens between a teacher and a student.
c. Group communication
It is a group of people who has the same purposes, have interaction each
other to get that purposes and consider them as the member of the group. For
examples, family, lectures, conferences etc.
d. Public communication
It is the communication between speakers with a lot of people, for
example, speech.
e. Organizational communication
This communication happens inside the organization which has formal and
informal situation and also happens in the bigger link than group communication.
f. Mass communication
This communication uses mass media such as newspaper, magazine, radio
or television and held by a company to give the information to the people.
G. Mass Communication
According to Dominick, mass communication refers to the process by
transmits public messages that are directed at large, heterogeneous, and scattered
audiences (Dominick, 1996. p.17). The source in the mass communication
situation is a group of individuals who usually act within predetermined roles in
an organizational setting.
Besides, mass communication channels are characterized by the
imposition of at least one and usually more than one machine in the process of
sending the message. These machines translate the message from one channel to
another, for example, television makes use of complicated devices that transform
light energy into electrical energy and back again. Furthermore, messages in mass
communication are public. Anyone who can afford the cost of a newspaper or a
tape deck or a TV set can receive the message.
H. Mass Media
Mass media is a term used to denote, as a class, that section of the media
specifically conceived and designed to reach a very large audience (typically at
least as large as the whole population of a nation state)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/communication). Mass media can be divided into
two kinds, namely electronic and printed media. Electronic includes television,
film (audio and visual), radio. While, printed media covers books, newspaper,
magazines etc. The electronic media is different from the printed one, in the
23
conveyed only at a glance, while in printed media, the conveyed message can be
examined and repeatedly read in every chance.
Finally, it can be said that mass media plays an important role, because
mass media is capable of acting as a bridge in distribution of information.
Moreover, if there will be no communication medias in our surroundings, the
people will get difficulties in communicating with the other in their daily lives.
I. Television
Television is one of important means of communication. There are some
definitions of television such as the transmission of visual images of moving and
stationary objects, generally with accompanying sound, as electromagnetic waves
and the recon version of received waves into visual images, an electronic
apparatus that receives electromagnetic waves and displays the reconverted
images on a screen, the integrated audible and visible content of the
electromagnetic waves received and converted by such an apparatus.
(http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/television).
As we know, television is not expensive anymore since a lot of people
own televisions. There are even many people in the villages having television s.
Furthermore, television has many functions, such as providing news;
entertainments; sports etc. We can watch many kinds of television programs
television, it can add our knowledge and experiences in our lives so we will not be
a stammer about technology.
J. Video Jockey
A VJ or Video Jockey is a performance artist who performs moving visual
art (namely video) on large displays, often at concerts, nightclubs and music
festivals. The term originates from a parallel with DJs, although most of VJs
nowadays have more in common with musicians than with DJs (wikipedia.com).
We can see now there are many video jockeys who present television
programs in private television station. Besides, most of people rather to call the
presenters who present the music programs as video jockey than host even tough
it has the same meaning.
K. MTV Global Room
This research focuses on the MTV Global Room television program. That
program is one of the programs in Global TV. MTV Global Room itself is a
program which presents the video clips from Indonesian artists and foreign artists.
Sometimes, it invites Indonesian artists as its guests. Then, the hosts usually
create a topic to discuss with the viewers by calling into the program. At first,
MTV Global Room is usually presented from Monday until Friday at 11.30 am
25
changed because there are new programs. Moreover, the broadcasting days are
still from Monday until Friday.
MTV Global Room program is hosted by Indonesian VJ. Next, it is
usually presented by different hosts everyday. Firstly, the hosts are Daniel
Mananta, Catherine Sharon Gasnier, Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright, Mike Muliardo.
They are senior hosts. It means that they have been as the hosts of MTV Global
Room program for a long time. Then, the junior hosts are, such as, Franda,
Millane Fernandez, and Marissa Nasution join into that program. They are the
new hosts in Global TV. Therefore, the old and the new hosts are combined to
present the program now.
Most of the hosts of MTV Global Room can speak English well.
Sometimes the hosts switch codes from Indonesian language into English or
switch codes from English into Indonesian language when they present the
program. Therefore there will be variety of codes used by them in presenting the
program.
Even though MTV Global Room was finished few years ago but there are
some viewers who still remember about that program. It can be proved from the
result of the interview with them. In this research, the researcher has interviewed
five persons and all of them ever watched this program. Most of them like this
program because they can request songs from Indonesian artists or foreign artists.
The viewers can learn English too. It can be seen when the hosts mix or switch the
language from Indonesian language to English. Besides, they like to watch this
conversation by phone with those group bands. Moreover, this program usually
gives free gifts (compact disks, cassettes and t-shirts) for the viewers if they can
answer the quiz. It means that MTV Global Room program is popular and
27
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY RESEARCH
A. Type of Research
This research is qualitative research that employs descriptive method.
Qualitative research is a research that its data are collected in the form of words,
sentences, or pictures that have more meaning than number or quantity (Sutopo,
2002:35). Meanwhile, this research uses descriptive method. According to Nazir,
descriptive method is a method in finding the status of the society, an object, a
condition, a thought system, and the phenomena which are happening now
(1988:63). The objective of this method is to describe facts or the relationships of
the phenomena systematically and correctly (Nazir, 1988:63).
B. Data and Source of Data
The source of data is a subject from which all the data are obtained
(Arikunto, 2006:129). While data are all of the information or explanations related
to the purpose of the research (M.Amirin, 1990:130). The data of this research can
be divided into two kinds of data, those are primary and secondary data. Firstly,
primary data is the data obtained from the objects directly in the field. The
researcher gets primary data by recording the program (MTV Global Room).
and interview. The researcher takes the source of data from MTV Global Room
program in Global TV.
C. Sample and Technique of Sampling
Sample is the part of population (Arikunto, 2006:130). In getting the data,
the researcher uses purposive sampling technique. In purposive sampling
technique, the choice of subject is based on the certain criteria. So the samples
taken should have the following criteria such as the forms of code switching used
by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV and the reasons why is those
each code switchings used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV.
D. Equipments of the Research
In this research, the researcher uses some equipments in order to get the
data. Those equipments are below:
a. Television set is to display the picture of the program.
b. A tape recorder is a media to record the sound of the program from television.
In this case, tape recorder is as a bridge in recording the sound from the television
into the cassettes.
c. Cassettes are used in order to save the sound of the program from the television.
They are used inside in the tape recorder.
29
E. Techniques of Collecting Data
The researcher uses some ways to collect the data, such as:
a. Watching television
In this case, the researcher watches the program from one of television
private station which is Global TV.
b. Recording
The researcher gets the data by recording the program (MTV Global
Room) in television. The researcher uses tape recorder and cassettes to record the
program.
c. Transcribing the recording of the program (MTV Global Room) into papers.
d. Selecting the dialogues created by the hosts which are contained the forms of
code switching.
e. Classifying the data based on the forms of code switching (intrasentential
switching, intersentential switching, and tag switching).
f. Giving a code on each classified data.
The data are given some codes to make the analysis easier. The data
coding will be based on the order of the data number, the forms of code switching,
and the date of recording. The example is below:
data number 1 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A21 – 07
1 : refers to the number of data
Intra.S : refers to the form of code switching (intrasentential
switching)
A21 – 07 : refers to the date of the recording (August 21, 2007)
g. Interviewing
The researcher has interviewed two broadcasters from Karavan FM radio
station (Reza Olivia and Billy Bundchen) and one of the lecturers in English
Department, Faculty of Letters, namely Miss Sarah Pearsall, M.TESOL.
F. Techniques of Analyzing Data
In analyzing the data, the researcher uses several steps as follows:
a. Transcribing or write down all of the dialogues happen between the hosts when
they present the program from the cassettes into the papers.
b. Collecting data. It means the researcher try to find the data which are needed
for the research in order to answer the problem statements. In this case, the data
are all of the dialogues containing code switching.
c. Analyzing the data to find out the forms of code switching used by MTV VJ of
MTV Global Room Program based on the theory of Poplack.
d. After finding out the forms of those code switchings, the next step is describing
the reasons of using those code switchings by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room.
e. Finally, drawing conclusions from the data analysis and giving some
31
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter will discuss about two points in order to answer the problem
statements. The first point is the process of classifying the data to find out the
forms of code switching used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room. The whole data
that have been obtained before will be analyzed and classified into three forms of
conversational code switching, those are intrasentential switching, intersentential
switching and tag switching.
The data are all the utterances created by the hosts which consists of those
forms. After finding those forms, the second point is to discuss about the reasons
of the hosts in using those forms when they are presenting MTV Global Room
Program. For the futher explanation, it will be discussed more below:
1.The Forms of Code Switching Used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV
1.1.Intrasentential Switching
Intrasentential switching involves, arguably, the greatest syntactic risk, and
may be avoided by all but the most fluent bilinguals (Poplack in Romaine,
1989:122). It takes place within sentences or clauses or words boundaries with no
From the intrasentential switching data, most of the morphological characteristics of the hosts’ language consist of hybrid form. The use of hybrid
form here is mixing between English words with Indonesian affixes. For the
further explanation, it will be given some data below:
a. data number 1 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A21 – 07
VJ Daniel : Suharta, mau ngerequest lagu apa? Suharta : Samsons
This datum example was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room
program on August 21st, 2007. In this part, the host uses this term ngerequest, when he wants to ask one of the callers (Suharta) about the request songs. The
word, ngerequest, is mixed together with, nge-. Here, the form of –nge is a non standard word in Indonesian language and it is also a kind of informal Indonesian
language. He uses the word ngerequest because that word is more familiar to the viewers ears than the word minta. All of the hosts often use the word ngerequest when they want to ask the callers about their request songs. This word is also part
of broadcasting language so it is more popular and familiar. Similar data can be
seen in data number 3 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A21 – 07, data number 4 / MTV GR /
Intra.S / A22 – 07, data number 12 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07, data number
13 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07, data number 14 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 –
07, data number 19 / MTV GR / Intra.S / S3 – 07, data number 20 / MTV GR /
33
b. data number 5/ MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07
VJ Daniel : Nah kita kenalan dulu, udah ada Raya, Juno, and Olive. Nah
Olive ini yang gantiin Mikuni dulu. Waktu Agustus 2005 mereka
juga udah jadi MTV Exclusive Artist.
VJ Franda : Kelihatannya di bulan Agustus udah di take mereka
The next data was taken from the recorded from MTV Global Room
program on August 22nd, 2007. In this data, the word ditake is mixed together with di- (di was a prefix in Indonesian language). Here, di-, in Indonesian
language is as the function of affix to build passsive verb. VJ Franda uses the
word ditake than diambil when she wants to give her comment and express her surprise that Park Drive is as MTV Exclusive Artist again in August 2007 because
they have been MTV Exsclusive Artist in August 2005. She also wants to have
closer relationship with the guest star.
c. data number 8 / MTV GR Intra.S / A22 – 07
VJ Daniel : Dan kalau misalnya direpackagedudah ada “Biarkan”. Itu untuk single dari repackagenya. Sebenarnya dari bulan Januari udah out
kan?
This eight example datum was taken from the second recorded of MTV
Global Room program on August 22nd, 2007. In this data, the word
the function of affix to build passsive verb. The host uses the word, direpackaged when he tells the viewers about Park Drive’s second album. Here, he likes to use
the word, direpackaged than didaur ulang because that word (direpackaged) gives deep meaning as album repackaged. He also wants to explain that Park Drive’s second album actually is repackaged and mixed from the first album.
They choose some songs and arrange them again from the first album then insert
those songs into the second album.
d. data number 10 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07
VJ Daniel : Oh, jadi lagu – lagu lama diarranged dan dimixed lagi? Dan loe sendiri loe yang ngerequest vokal loe?
The datum above was taken from the second recorded of MTV Global
Room program on August 22nd, 2007. The word diarranged is mixed together with di-. Here, di-, in Indonesian language, is as the function of affix to build
passsive verb.In this part, the host creates the term, diarranged, when he asks the guest about the process of making their second album. He wants to know about
that new album contains some old songs which those songs are arranged again.
He likes to use the term, diarranged than disusun because this word is more familiar and commonly used in music industry.
e. data number 11 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07
35
dan loe sendiri loe yang ngerequest vokal loe?
The next data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on
August 22nd, 2007. In this data, the word dimixed, is mixed together with di- (di was a prefix in Indonesian language). Here, di-, in Indonesian language is as the
function of affix to build passsive verb. He uses the term, dimixed, when he wants to ask the guest about the process of making their second album.
He also wants to know about the new album which contains some old songs
and new songs. In that album, the old and new songs are mixed together. He likes
to use the term, dimixed because this word is more familiar and commonly used in industry music than the word dicampur. Because of the situation is informal, the host use popular and commonly words.
f. data number 16 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07
VJ Daniel : Okay, yang pasti masih bersama Park Drive dengan album
terbaru repackagenya. Sebentar lagi mereka akan ngeluarin album keduanya. Ngomong – ngomong album pertama, mayoritas kalian
yang mengcompose sendiri, kalian yang ngerangenya sendiri. Nah album kedua ini gimana? Mungkin kolaborasi dengan seseorang?
Atau bikin lagu siapa gitu?
Park Drive : Dalam album pertama itu featuring Adrian. Terjadi juga ga
sengaja dan dia juga bukan artis siapa gitu tapi dia punya ide yang
The next data above was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room
program on August 22nd, 2007. In this data, the word mengcompose, is mixed together with meng-. Here, meng-, in Indonesian, was an affix. This affix function
is as a prefix. Here, the host uses the word mengcompose than mengarangnya when he asks the guest about their first album. He wants to know whether do they
make their new albums by themselves or colaborate with the others. The host
prefers to use that word because it is commonly used in music industry.
g. data number 2 / MTV GR/ Intra.S / A21 – 07
VJ Millane : Buat anak – anak nongkrong di luar bisa aja ga tahu, mungkin
music directionnya lebih kemana, pop, pop rock atau rock saja? ST 12 : Semua ada jadi gado – gado.
This data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on
August 21st, 2007. Here Millane creates that term, music directionnya, when she is asking the guest about their flow of songs in making their first album. In this
data, the word music directionnya is mixed together with –nya, (suffix as possesive). She prefers to use music directionnya than aliran musiknya because that word is familiar and commonly used in music industry and the guest also has
known what she is asking to them. It can be seen from their answer, “semua ada
37
h. data number 6 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07
VJ Daniel : Ya, tapi dua tahun sekali. Nah nanti kita bakal ngomongin tentang
album repackage albumnya Park Drive dan kita bakal tahu sampai
sejauh mana sih album ke – 2 karena udah ada progressnya. Park Drive : Amin, ada materi baru Park Drive tapi belum masuk rekaman.
VJ Daniel : Nanti kita bakal ngomong lebih banyak lagi. So, we have to break. Don’t go anywhere from MTV Global Room. So stay tune.
Kita sekarang mau istirahat dulu. Jangan kemana – mana, okay?
Tetap di MTV Global Room!
This next data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room
program on August 22nd, 2007. In this data, the word progressnya is mixed together with –nya, (suffix as possesive). VJ Daniel uses the word progressnya when he wants to explain the viewers about the progress of Park Drive’s second
album process. He likes to choose that word, progressnya than perkembangannya since that word can be understoodby the guest. It can be seen from the answer of the guest, “Amin, ada materi baru Park Drive tapi belum
masuk rekaman” (Park Drive).
Moreover, he will discuss more about that second album with the guest after the commercial brake. It can be seen from his sentences, “Nanti kita bakal
ngomong lebih banyak lagi. So, we have to break. Don’t go anywhere from MTV
not change the television channel if they want to know more about the progress of Park Drive’s second album.
i. data number 7 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07
VJ Daniel : Welcome back to MTV Global Room masih sama gue Daniel,
Franda and of course Park Drive. Park Drive is MTV Artist bulan
Agustus. Dan tentang repackagenya, congratulation banget karena album ke – 2 kalian bakal masuk mayor label ya?
Park Drive : Album ke – 2 masih dalam proses pembuatan dan sekarang ini
kita baru ngejalanin repackage.
The next data was taken from the second recorded of MTV Global Room
program on August 22nd, 2007. Here, Daniel uses that term, repackagenya when he wants to tell the viewers that the word repackagenya is about Park Drive’s second album. In this data, the word repackagenya is mixed together with –nya, (suffix as possesive). The host also wants to have closer relationship therefore he
likes to use the word repackagenya than album daur ulang because this word is simpler, familiar and commonly used in music industry. It can be seen that the
word is not only used by the host but the group band also. It means the word,
repackage, has been more popular and known than album daur ulang. Similar data can be seen in data number 9/ MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07, data number 15
39
j data number 17/ MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07
VJ Daniel : Okay, yang pasti masih bersama Park Drive dengan album
terbaru repackagenya. Sebentar lagi mereka akan ngeluarin album
keduanya. Ngomong – ngomong album pertama, mayoritas kalian
yang mengcompose sendiri, kalian yang ngerangenya sendiri. Nah album kedua ini gimana? Mungkin kolaborasi dengan seseorang?
Atau bikin lagu siapa gitu?
Park Drive : Dalam album pertama itu featuring Adrian. Terjadi juga ga
sengaja dan dia juga bukan artis siapa gitu tapi dia punya ide yang
asyik banget.
This data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on
August 22nd, 2007. Here the host creates that term, ngerangenya, when he asks the guest about the way in making their first album. The word ngerangenya, is mixed together with –nge and –nya. There is no affix nge- in Indonesian. The
form of –nge is a non standard word in Indonesian language and it is also a kind
of informal Indonesian language and –nya is suffix as possesive. He prefers to use
ngerangenya than menyusunnya because that word is familiar and the guest has known what Daniel asked to them. It can be seen from their answer, “Dalam
album pertama itu featuring Adrian. Terjadi juga ga sengaja dan dia juga bukan
k. data number 18 / MTV GR / Intra.S / S3 – 07
Franda : Ngomongin tentang Jepang, emang suka lagu – lagu Jepang?
Well, apa itu influencenya?
J_Rocks : Ya, karena variatif, bebas, bertanggung jawab, maksudnya
apapun warna musiknya, meski keras pun tetap halus.
This data was recorded from MTV Global Room program in
Global television station on September 3, 2007. The host uses that term when she
wants to ask the guest about the influence of Japan style in their songs. In this
data, the word influencenya is mixed together with –nya, (suffix as possessive). She prefers to use the term influencenya than pengaruhnya since that term is familiar and the guest has understood about what she said by answering, “Ya,
karena variatif, bebas, bertanggung jawab, maksudnya apapun warna musiknya
meski keras pun tetap halus” (J_Rocks). She also wants to make variation in her
speech so the conversation will be more interesting.
1.2 Intersentential Switching
Intersentential switching involves a switch at a clause or sentence
boundary, where each clause or sentence is in one language or another. It may
also occur between speaker turns. It can be thought of as requiring greater fluency
in both languages than tag switching since major portions of the utterances must
41
The characteristics of those intersentential switching data are sentences.
There are also some functions of those intersentential switching, such as,
clarifying; giving information; introducing guest star; having break time;
expressing condolence and expressing thanks feeling. For the further explanation,
it will be given some data below:
a. data number 1 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A21 - 07
VJ Daniel : Welcome back to MTV Global Room. Now we have guest. Selamat datang di MTV Global Room, sekarang kita udah punya
bintang tamu yang sangat terhormat disini dan mereka datang
jauh-jauh dari Bandung. Langsung aja tepuk tangan buat ST 12
(Guest). Disini sudah ada Pepeng, Pepep, dan Charly Van
Houtten.
VJ Millane : Ya, ST 12! (She clapped her hands)
This datum above was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room
program on August 21st, 2007. In this part, VJ Daniel creates intersentential code switching. He speaks in English when he opens the program and greets the
viewers, Welcome back to MTV Global Room. He also says to them that there will be guest star in that program, and now we have guest. Most of the hosts usually use English when they want to greet the viewers. It happens because it is
one of their ways to attract them and make the program is more interesting.
