THE INFLUENCE OF USING LESSONS IN SMALL GROUPS ON THE SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT OF EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS AT A LOWER GYMNASIUM. This research aimed to find out the effect of using small group instruction (X) on the speaking performance of students (Y) in the eighth grade of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro Middle School. This means that the use of small group instruction has a significant effect on the speaking performance of students in the eighth grade of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro High School.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF SMALL GROUP INSTRUCTIONS ON THE SPEAKING PERFORMANCE OF THE STUDENTS UNDER THE EIGHTH GRADE AT THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF MUHAMMADIYAH 1 METRO”.
INTRODUCTION
- Problem Identification
- Problem Limitation
- Problem Formulation
- The Objectives and Benefit of The Study
- Prior Research
In this case, the author attempted to examine the influence of the use of small group instruction on the speaking performance of the eighth grade students of the Junior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. Thus, the researcher will use small group instruction on the speaking performance of the eighth grade students of the Junior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. Is there any positive and significant impact of the use of small group instruction on the speaking performance of the eighth grade students of the Junior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro”.
Based on both of the above studies, the researcher focuses on improving students' speaking performance.
THEORETICAL RIVIEW
The Concept of Speaking
Brown and Yule's framework presents a three part account of the function of speaking; talk as interaction, talk as transaction and talk as performance. Talk as interaction refers to what we normally mean by conversation and described interaction refers to what server is a primarily social function. Talk as transaction refers to situation where the focus is on what is said or done.
Speech as a performance is usually in the form of a monologue rather than a dialogue, often follows a recognizable form (eg a welcome speech) and is closer to written language than spoken language. 5.
The Concept of Speaking Performance
Definition of speech performance. observable, and only through performance can competence be developed, maintained and assessed. Kasihani states that speaking performance means being able to communicate using English patterns based on the situation when people need to express their thoughts, feelings and ideas. 9. From the above explanation, the researcher concludes that speaking performance is one of the linguistic competences of the product to communicate in a second language to the student's success in school and in daily life. b.
In this type of speech performance, there is the ability to imitate a word or phrase or perhaps a sentence.
The Concept of Small Group Instruction
- The Concept of Small Group Instruction
Jane Westergaard states that a small group teaching consisting of people with common needs who will benefit from the opportunity to work with and learn from others to develop skills, knowledge and attitudes. 15. Small group instruction if the group members are three or more and upper limit of maybe ten or twelve. That way, Margaret Hough said, it is customary to define a small group instruction as one whose numbers are three or more and with an upper limit of perhaps ten or twelve.
The teacher can recognize and capitalize on other individual differences (age, heritage, field of study, cognitive style, to name a few) by carefully selecting small groups and by administering different tasks to different groups. Group size will influence the chosen teaching style and delivery method and . may even prevail with small group methodology as the most appropriate modality. Summarizing citing Internet sites, Martha said that the characteristics of small group teaching are used to generate ideas in preparation for a lecture, film, etc.; summarize main points of a text or reading; assesses levels of skills and understanding; revisit ideas presented in previous classes; review exams, problems, quizzes, and writing assignments; process learning outcomes at the end of the class;
In a small group, students can be encouraged to talk, think and share much more easily than in a larger group. Communication is at the heart of any small group teaching and a crucial first step is students' willingness to talk to the tutor and to each other.18. It makes sense that the main objectives of small group teaching are clearly explained to students and that the value of "talking" is explained.
The one-on-one attention they get from small group teaching activities can boost the confidence of students who might otherwise struggle to engage in conversation. Students no longer fade into the background of a large classroom teaching and small groups mean that everyone participates and works towards the same goal.
Theoretical Framework and Paradigm
- Theoretical Framework
- Paradigm
There is more time for students to ask questions and it promotes feedback that goes far beyond a simple grade. The students are not used to conversing in English and usually the teacher does not emphasize this to the student in class. In this regard, the teacher used less variation technique, so the students are low motivated, feel bored and feel sleepy.
So that the students interact with the others and it can help them improve their speaking skills. The researcher therefore assumes that the students can speak well in everyday life by using small groups. If small group instruction is properly applied in English learning, the students' speaking performance will be good.
Based on the paradigm above, the researcher assumes that if the use of small group teaching is effective, the students' speaking performance will be high, this means that there is a positive and significant influence of the use of small group teaching on students' speaking performance. Furthermore, if the use of small group teaching is not effective, the students' speaking performance will be low, this means that there is no significant influence of the use of small group teaching on students.
Hypothesis
- Hypothesis Formulation
- Statistical Hypothesis
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- The Operational Definition of Variables
- Independent Variable
- Dependent Variable
- Population and Sampling Technique
- Population
- Sample
- Sampling Technique
- Data Collecting Method
- Test
- Observation
- Documentation
- Research Instrument
- Instrument Blueprint
- Instrument Calibration
- Data Analysis Technique
It will be implemented for the students in the eighth grade of Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. The Population of the Students in the Eighth Grade of Muhammadiyah Junior High School 1 Metro. Documentation on the condition of the teachers and official employers of Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro.
The result of a pre-test in eighth grade speaking performance of Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. The result of a post-test in speaking performance using small group instruction in the eighth grade of secondary school. Speaking Performance Using Small Group Instruction in Eighth Grade at Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro No.
It can be known that there is significant impact of using small group teaching on students' speaking performance in eighth grade at Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. It can be said that there is significant impact of using small group teaching on students' speaking performance in eighth grade at Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. This means that there is a positive significant influence of using smaller group teaching towards the students. speech performance in eighth grade at Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro.
This research observed the students speaking performance at the eighth grade of the Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. There was significant influence of the use of small group teaching on the students. speaking achievement among the eighth grade at Junior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro.
RESULT OF THE RESEARCH
The Description of Research Location
To take the self-exam, Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro to Punggur Street No. In the academic year of the location of SMP, Muhammadiyah became one location in Khairbas Street Ganjar Agung 14/IV Metro. Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro has medium and good infrastructure to support its teaching-learning process including extracurricular activities.
Sumber: Dokumentasi dari SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Metro di Jalan Khairbas Ganjar Agung 14/IV Metro.
Description of Research Data
Source: The result of a pre-test of students' speaking performance for small group instruction on August 31, 2018. After analyzing the weakness and understanding of students' speaking performance, the researcher conducted the treatment to help the students understand speaking performance. The examiner asks the students about difficulties in speaking through small group instruction until the students understand.
After the students received the treatment and understood them, the researcher further gives the post-test to measure their knowledge of speaking performance with different test and topic. The post-test was conducted to assess the students' speaking performance after treatment. Source: the result of the post-test of students' speaking performance against small group teaching on 1 September 2018.
Hypothesis Testing
Contingency table of expected frequency as a result of students' speaking performance in pre-test and post-test. Putting the data above and into the T-test formula to get the observation t.
Interpretation
- Interpretation of F observation
- Interpretation of T observation
Discussion
- The Pre Survey Data of Students Speaking Mastery
- The Result of Pre Survey of Speaking Performance
- Measurement of Speaking Performance
- The Population of Students
- The Criteria Scoring of Speaking Performance
- Condition of Buildings in Junior High School
- The Teachers and Official Employees List of Junior High School
- The Number of Students at Junior High School Muhammadiyah
- The Result of Pre-Test in Speaking Performance
- The Frequency Distribution of Pre-Test Score
- The Result of Post-Test in Speaking Performance
- The Frequency Distribution of Post-Test Score
- The Contingency of the Expected Frequency
- The Testing Data into Formula Chi-Square
- The Differences Score Between Pre-Test and Post-Test Students‟
The writer uses a pre-test to know the speaking performance of the students before using a small group. The writer uses a post-test to know the speaking performance of the students after using a small group. To investigate whether there is a significant influence of the use of small group instruction on the speaking performance of the eighth grade students of the Junior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro.
Based on the discussion above, the researcher could draw a conclusion that the students' speaking performance builds up after being taught using small group instruction. Finally, the result of this research explained that the theory of the influence of the use of small group teaching on the students' speaking performance was successful in the eighth grade at Junior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro at class VIII.A in the academic year of 2018/2019 . Based on the result of the research, the researcher can conclude that small group teaching has a positive influence on the students' speaking performance under the eighth grade at Junior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro.
It means that there is a positive and significant influence of the use of small group instruction on the speaking performance of the eighth grade students of the Junior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. It is suggested to the teacher to use Small Group Instruction as a learning strategy to improve the students‟. speaking performance.
