Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies

Water Quality Assessment Based on Macrozoobenthos as a Bioindicator in Four Springs of Wana Wiyata Widya Karya Tourist Area, Cowek Village, Purwodadi District, Pasuruan Regency. Water Quality Assessment Based on Macrozoobenthos as a Bioindicator in the Four Sources of Wana Wiyata Widya Karya Tourist Area, Cowek. The characteristics of water quality in the springs in the tourist area Wana Wiyata Widya Karya Cowek Village are quite different (Table 2).

Figure 1. Location of spring in the village of Cowek of Wana Wiyata Widya Karya

An Assessment of Attitudes and Concerns of Residents towards Educational Scout-Based Tourism in Indonesia

An assessment of residents' attitudes and concerns towards educational explorer-based tourism in Indonesia. The study investigated residents' attitudes towards explorer-based tourism development in the village of Lebakharjo, Malang County, East Java, Indonesia. Building trust and confidence can become a concern to strengthen the positive attitudes of residents towards educational explorer-based tourism development.

Table 1. Likert Scale Score for Residents Attitudes towards Tourism

Cultural Transformations into Tourist Attraction

Lack of fishing and the incident of the fisherman (even to death) caused by bad weather will be symbolized by the local people as bad luck or anger from the ghosts of the sea (Antu Laot). It also created a social structure for the authenticity of the ritual before tourism affected it. The performance of the selatan laut ritual was a tradition carried out by the fishing community for generations.

Table 1. Biographical profile of respondents

Women Traders Livelihoods in Tourism Area of Lok Baintan Floating Market

Based on Table 3, 52% of natural resources in Lok Baintan village are still able to support the survival of female merchant households. The social assets in Table 6 are classified as low, at a rate of 50%, meaning that the social assets have not been able to support the livelihoods of women traders in Lok Baintan. Physical resources such as roads, clean water, electricity, home ownership, ownership of motorcycles, toilets and communication facilities have been able to sustain the lives of women traders in the Lok Baintan tourist area.

The survival index values of Lok Baintan floating market traders are shown in Table 10. Natural resources, financial resources, human resources, social, physical resources, accessibility, access and activity can support the survival of Lok Baintan floating market traders Market area. The level of Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) in Lok Baintan Floating Market is presented as in Table 11 and Figure 1.

Both will determine the most influential factors for livelihood of women traders in Lok Baintan floating market. The existence of facilities for water resources, shelter, toilets, motorcycles, electricity and information technology have been able to support the livelihood of the women of Lok Baintan. Tourism activities have not been able to improve the economy of women traders in Lok Baintan due to the low income.

The community is making good use of the development of tourism at the Lok Baintan Floating Market.

Table 1. Research Variable and indicators

Enhancing Porters’ Rights in Mountain Tourism

Mount Semeru in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

National Park authorities conducted interviews to generate information on the implementation and monitoring of policies regarding porter rights in Mount Semeru. In addition, interviews were also conducted with porters in Mount Semeru to find out to what extent porters' rights were ensured by National Park and to investigate porters' involvement in the monitoring system of the policies. The study was also carried out to ensure that the discussion is expected to contribute to the understanding of porter activities, especially in Mount Semeru.

These issues are crucial as discussions on the activities of porters at Mount Semeru are scarce. It was not so surprising since the tour operators offering trekking activities on Mount Semeru came from different regions of the country. The working conditions of porters at Mount Semeru Hall and Brown argue that porters should be paid a 'fair compensation' [26].

Interviews revealed that the maximum load allowed to be carried by a porter in Mount Semeru is 25 kg. They also admitted that the rate increases every year and is sometimes based on seasonal trekking in Mount Semeru. The absence of policy regarding porting activities in Mount Semeru has really contributed to their poor working conditions.

In order to improve the protection of the rights of the porters as well as to improve the monitoring systems of the policies in Mount Semeru in the future, the National Park is proposed to take the following measures in terms of policy.

Table 1. Key Themes Indicated in the Interviews List of

Governing Tourism Destination with Innovation System in Malang Regency

The management of tourism destinations in Malang district has several obstacles, one of which is the weakness in the accuracy of tourism data collection, especially on the development of tourism potential. In the end, the performance of the innovation system must be associated with effectiveness in the generation, distribution and exploitation of the knowledge that brings economic benefits [4]. Tourism destinations in Malang Regency have great potential in the development of tourism, but have problems in managing their destination.

The development of tourist destinations does not work well because many institutions are concerned with their own interests. It was developed from the strategic pillars of improving the innovation system, which consists of the following (Figure 1). The findings refer to the research that SIDa will be important if there is a strong commitment and political will within the stakeholders [23]. It was also in line with the goal of building an ecosystem for innovation and business development.

It consisted of the development and improvement of institutions, the development of information and technology support capacity, and the development of the absorptive power of micro, small and medium enterprises. Focus on developing general frameworks that are conducive to the development of innovation and business. Focus on the collaborative development of innovation and increase the spread of innovations, best practices and results in the field.

Focus on developing and strengthening integration/coherence in promoting innovation systems in the regions.

Figure 1. SIDa Strenghtening Pillar The next step must be a need to make a focus policy framework and never forget the integration as well [24]

Domestic Tourism in Indonesia

Another Story of Inequality between Java and Non-Java

This study used a descriptive analysis of domestic tourism data at the province level in Indonesia. The data was obtained from the results of the 2017 Domestic Tourism Market Study conducted by the Ministry of Tourism and BPS-Statistics Indonesia. In other words, there is evidence of a large gap in the number of domestic tourists between provinces in Indonesia.

This feature is (not surprising), since almost all Javanese provinces, except Yogyakarta, have a high number of domestic tourists that are above the national average (7.96 million). It is much lower than the percentage of domestic tourists from Java traveling to another province which is 35.8%. The differences of domestic tourists between Java and Non-Java provinces can be related to several reasons.

Second, income inequality between Javanese and non-Javanese provinces also plays an important role in shaping the pattern of domestic tourism in Indonesia. The data showed that there is inequality in the number of domestic tourists between the provinces. The data also showed that the differences in the number of domestic tourists were very pronounced, especially when comparing Java and non-Java provinces.

These policies can increase the number of domestic travelers visiting non-Javanese provinces, which in turn also reduces inequality not only in terms of tourism but also in economic development.

Figure 1. The Number of Domestic Tourists by Province, 2017

The Analysis Potentials and Sustainablity Development of Agro-Ecotourism in Palopo, South Sulawesi

But in reality, some of the existing tourism potentials have not been fully exploited by the local government, in this case the Institute for Culture and Tourism. As an empirical fact, the Coyle-Shapiro study showed insufficient participation of the local community in the development of Latuppa agro-ecotourism in Paloppo [9]. SWOT analysis is used to determine the development strategy of the Latuppa agro-tourism area.

The result of the study showed that the ecological characteristic which greatly influenced the sustainability of this dimension was fresh air. This is because the condition of the forest in the agrotourism area is still maintained. To ensure the sustainability of the ecological aspects, it should be established that members of the institution are environmentalists.

The result of the MDS analysis of the sustainability of the technological dimension shows that the Latuppa tourism area is quite sustainable. To maintain the sustainability of the institutional dimension, they need to network with environmentalists, both in terms of activities and financing. The grouping or marking of sustainability status, divided into four and shown in Table 1.

Of these five dimensions, the worst sustainability index is in the economy dimension.

Figure 1. Map of Research Location in Latuppa, Palopo

Cultural Tourism and The Use of Local Wisdom in The Bancakan Salak Galengdowo, East Java

Cultural tourism and the use of local wisdom in The Bancakan Salak Galengdowo, East Java. It is intriguing, considering that the counterculture among the Galengdowo community is no longer a daily practice. Based on the previously mentioned background, this study aimed to interpret what kind of local value represented in the Bancakan Salak process.

This section is crucial to understand the value articulated in the process for the Galengdowo community. On the day of the execution, most of the community gathers in the room and supports as long as they can. Step by step bancakan in Galengdowo today is done in the tradition of Islam.

The thanksgiving was done in the Islamic way as most of the community are Muslims. The next section will elaborate on how tumpeng means to the Galengdowo community, symbolized in the Bancakan Salak festival. The alms element in the tumpeng finds its compatibility in the social practice of the Galengdowo community.

All three found a use for tumpeng in the daily practice of bancakan, which the community has been doing since before.

Figure 1. Tumpeng Salak used in Bancakan Salak 2018 Source: Galengdowo.com [14]

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Importance of CD80/CD86-CD28 interaction in target cell recognition by CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells.