In psycholinguistics, errors in speech production can occur when the speaker does not understand the rule of the target language. This research was conducted to analyze the types of speech production errors and to obtain in-depth information about the factors of speech production errors found in the Department of English Education (TBI) at IAIN Metro. A qualitative analysis of the research data revealed that many students made mistakes in speaking.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan jenis-jenis kesalahan produksi tuturan serta memperoleh informasi mengenai faktor-faktor penyebab kesalahan tutur yang terdapat pada mahasiswa Program Studi Tadris Bahasa Inggris (TBI) IAIN Metro. Menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini aslinya merupakan hasil penelitian penulis, kecuali pada bagian tertentu yang dikutip dari daftar pustaka yang disebutkan. Dosen saya Yeni Suprihatin, M.Pd yang selalu membimbing saya selama proses penulisan skripsi saya.
Dedi Irwansyah, M.Hum, Andianto, M.Pd, Ahmad Madkur, M.Pd always learning and sharing good things, great experience and advice. Her sincere guidance for me during this undergraduate thesis writing enables me to overcome the difficulties I found research writing from the beginning.
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
In foreign languages, errors are defined as due to a lack of language knowledge and semantic noise in the communication process.4 Speech production errors can occur when language learners do not properly understand the rules of the target language. Kovač, “Speech Errors in English as a Foreign Language: A Case Study of Engineering Students in Croatia,” English Language and Literature Studies 1, no. Third, the seventh-semester English education students had a mental block when they got confused while speaking.
The data comes from the audio-or-speech production of seventh-semester students answering the researcher's questions. The total number of speech production errors found in the seventh semester of English students was 226 errors. The categorization of errors in this preliminary study was based on Clark and Clark's psycholinguistic theory.
Therefore, the researcher wants to investigate more about the types of speech production errors found in the participants, the factors behind these errors. Further, the researcher focused on the speech production errors made by the students of English education in IAIN Metro.
Problem Identification
Since mistakes can occur by English education students in the case of language learning, especially in everyday casual conversations, it is important to do a study about this topic.
Problem Limitation
Problem Formulation
Objectives and Benefits of Study
- Objectives of Study
- Benefits of Study
Prior Research
Other previous research on errors in speech was conducted by Sholihah (2019) under the title The Dominant Errors On Speech Production Committed In Speaking Class Interaction. The similarity between this previous research and my research lies in the research topic. While the difference between this previous research and my research is in the focus of data results.
KovaČ under the title Speech Errors in English as Foreign Language: A Case Study of Engineering Students in Croatia.7 The research was to investigate the frequency and distribution of errors and types of given task that affected. 6 Akhadiyatus Sholihah, "The Dominant Errors of Speech Production Committed in Speech Class Interaction" Pedagogical Journal of English Language Teaching 7, No. The similarity between previous research and my research lies in the research topic, which is speech errors.
The difference between this previous research and my research is in the participants of the research, where the participants of previous research were Engineering students in Croatia, while the participants of my research are English teaching students in IAIN Metro, Indonesia. The participants in my research are expected to be able to provide information about what types of errors in speech production are found in English students.
Speech Production
- Definition
- Errors and Mistakes
- Source of Errors
- Types of Errors
Therefore, natural and everyday speech is far from perfect.18 Inconsistencies in human spoken language production contain errors called speech production errors. Errors in the theory of speech production from a psycholinguistic point of view come from Clark and Clark. According to Clark and Clark (1997) as cited by Muthmainnah (2014) Repetitions are repetitions found in speech where the speaker repeats one or more words in a row.24 This type of error can occur when someone speaks spontaneously and quickly.
A correction is similar to a false start, but what distinguishes this type of error is that the correction contains an explicit correction.27 Corrections are what I mean, that's good, etc. My phone isn't working. My laptop, I mean, my phone isn't working. I'll bring your book. I'll bring your bag, oh yours. A false start (false start) is a kind of error in which the speaker corrects a word, but at the same time repeats one or more words before the correct ones.
When someone realizes that they have made a mistake in their speech production, they make a correction to make it correct. The interjection during speech illustrated the reason why speakers stop in the middle of a speech.
The Concepts of Speaking
- Definition of Speaking
- Assessing Speaking
The type of test or activity in assessing speaking may be based on the need of a teacher, lecturer, or researcher. The questions given are usually authentic reference questions from the examiner, in this case it could be a lecturer, lecturer or researcher. Furthermore, asking language learners questions can increase interaction so that learners can improve their speaking skills and express themselves.37 It means that question-and-answer situations can be a good way to promote learners' speaking skills, and can also be used to access students' speak.
In line with that, teacher or researcher in educational field can measure students' speaking through interaction of students both in class or in daily language use. 37 Mona Yousef Al-Zahrani and Abdullah Al-Bargi, "The Impact of Teacher Questions on Creating Interaction in EFL: A Discourse Analysis," English Language Teaching 10, no. Referential question is type of question that the teacher or researcher asking the question does not know the answer to.40 This means that referring question refers to questions to search for information.
Referential question can give more authentic communication with more complex language use.41 The difference between display and referential question is the answer of each question. In other words, using display question can elicit short answers while referring question can elicit long and complex answers. Furthermore, the reason for using certain type of question is according to the need of teachers or researchers about what they are looking for or what information they want to gain.
RESEARCH METHOD
- Type and Characteristics of Research
- Data Source
- Technique of Data Collecting
- Technique of Data Validity Assurance
- Technique of Data Analysis
The purpose is to gain depth and meaningful information from the participants in this research.The data for this research was in the form of English education students‟ speech production with incorrect or error utterances, as transcribed from their. The researcher found that the participants did silent pause that classified as error in speech production. From the graphic, the researcher found slip of the tongue as error in speech production during interview.
61 Nurhayati Sitorus, "Students' Errors in Speech Production in the Interpersonal Speaking Class", Jurnal Studi Guru e Pembelanja 4, no. Al-Zahrani, Mona Yousef and Abdullah Al-Bargi. "The Impact of Teacher Questions on Creating Interaction in EFL: A Discourse Analysis." Teaching English Vol. The silent pause included in the speech error category was among the clauses shared with.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Result of The Research
- History of State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Metro
- Profile of English Education Department of IAIN Metro
State Islamic Institute of Metro (IAIN) is a campus in Metro which was formerly known as STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro. The establishment of STAIN Jurai Siwo was based on the letter of the President of the Republic of Indonesia No. The historical background of IAIN Metro is inseparable from IAIN Raden Intan Lampung which has changed status to UIN Raden Intan Lampung (UIN RIL).
Brief description about the establishment of IAIN Raden Intan Lampung came from the efforts of religious figures included in the Lampung Islamic Welfare Foundation (YKIL). The Ushuludin Faculty was established as a requirement for the construction of STAIN Al-Jami'ah in Lampung. In addition, the establishment of STAIN Al-Jami'ah in the year 1993 changed to STAIN Raden Intan Lampung.
Hence, the name of STAIN Al-Jami‟ah was also changed to STAIN Raden Intan Bandar Lampung. After that, the people of Metro, one of city in Lampung province, asked for the establishment of Tarbiyah faculty and Sharia faculty in Metro city. The history of establishment of campus in Metro city was from handbill of Director General of Bimas Islam No.
Then, the name of STAIN was STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro considering the “Nine Balancing Clans” in Metro city. Currently, STAIN Jurai Siwo that is known as IAIN Metro, has four faculties which are divided into two campus. The aims of TBI are to produce graduates who are knowledgeable and qualified in teaching English.
The vision of English Education Department (TBI) is to make English courses highly qualified in educational understanding and knowledge of English and literature, based on faith and insane, moral and ethical values. Subsequently, the mission of the English Education Department is to create an English language education program of both high quality and beneficial to the Indonesian people to meet the needs of the real world of education and non-educational work at the national and international level. Further, the aim of the English Education Department is to produce graduates who are knowledgeable, proficient and qualified in teaching English and/or performing non-educational duties: Secretarial and Banking, to enter the world of work both at to be fulfilled at the national level. and foreign levels.
Discussion of The Research
- Types of Errors in Speech Production
- Factors of Errors in Speech Production
The types of errors are precisely the silent pause Within the phrase (WP), Between the phrase (BP) and Between the clause (BC).56 Through the following chart, the. From the graph, among the three types of silent pause, participants made the most silent pause within the phrase. Of these three, the silent pause was the most common error found in participants during speech.
