ﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺎ
ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ
ﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺄ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺪﻴﻛ
ﺍﺮﻫﺯ ) ﻼﻴﻣ ( ﻲﻤﻠﻋ
ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺯﺎﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،
ﻱ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
z. elmi@umz. ac. ir
ﺮﺒﺠﻧﺭ ﺪﻴﻣﺍ
١
*
ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ
o_rangbar@yahoo. com ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ : 23 / 3 / 89 ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
25 / 4 / 91
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻱ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ
ﻢﻫ ﻱ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻲـﻳ - ﻦﻴـﻤﺨﺗ ﻭ ﺪـﺷﺭ
ﻢﻴـﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺘـﺸﮔ ﻲﻤﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻥﺯ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻲﻠﻧﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
ﻲﻃ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ 2009 - 1980 ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ .
ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ،
ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ،
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺬـﮔ ﻲﻧﺎـﺴﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻲـﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻱ
ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﻲﻟﺎـﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﺠﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﻲـﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺭ ،
ﺪـﺷﺭ
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ، ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ،
ﻲﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻲﺗﺎﺒﺛ ،
ﻡﺭﻮﺗ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻭ .
ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ
ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻂﺴﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺁ
ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻓ ﻭ ﻱﺍ
ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣﺍﺮ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺩﺭﻭﺁ
ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖـﺷﺍﺩ
. ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﻚـﻳ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ،
ﻥﺎﺒﻳﺮﮔ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﻔﻧ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ ﻲﻣﻼـﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ F11, O47, O19, C23:JEL
ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ:
، ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻱ ﺗ ﻥﺩﻮـﺑ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎـﺠ
، ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺯ ﻦﻴـﻤﺨﺗ ﺎـﻳﻮﭘ ﻲﻠﻧﺎـﭘ ﻱﺎـﻫ
،
ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ
* - ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻱ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺳ ﻭ ﻮﻟﻮﺳ ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛﻮﺌﻧ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ )
1956 ( ﺞﺘـﻨﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﺖﻓﺎﻴﻫﺭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ
ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ، ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻻﻭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ
ﻱ ﻲـﻤﻧ ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﺘـﺧﺍ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺪــﻫﺩ ﺢﻴــﺿﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻦﻴــﺑ ﻱﺩﺎــﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪــﺷﺭ .
ﺕﺪــﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺪــﺷﺭ ﻲﻠــﺻﺍ ﻞــﻣﺎﻋ ﺎــﻴﻧﺎﺛ ،
ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ
ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ،
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ .
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺪـﻳﺪﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱ ،
ﻪـﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺎـﺑ ﻱ
ﺮـﻣﻭﺭ ) 1986 ( ﻩﺩﺮـﻛ ﺵﻼـﺗ ـﻧﺍ
ﺪ ، ﻲـﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺎـﺑ
ﻲﺳﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ،
ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻱ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ، ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻑﺮـﻃ ﺮﺑ
ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺪﻧﺯﺍﺩﺮﭙﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .
ﺪﺷﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻑﻼﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ
ﺍﺯ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻪ
ﺍ ﺪـﻧ ، ﺭﺩ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺎـﻫ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻱ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ
ﺍﺯ ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ .
ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺯﺎـﺳﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎـﻣ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱ ﻩ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ . ﺭﺩ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺎـﻫ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻱ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ
ﺍﺯ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ
ﻦﻤﭙﻠﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻤﺳﺍﺮﮔ )
1991 ( ، ﺮﻣﻭﺭ ) 1990 ( ﻦﻤﮔﻭﺮﻛ ﻭ )
1990 ( ، ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻱﺪـﺷﺭ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﻪﺳ ،
ﻲﻜﻳژﻮـﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺰﻳﺭﺮﺳ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺰﻓ ﻲﻫﺩﺯﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
. ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ، ﻲـﺳﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﺪﺷﺭ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻉﺍﺮﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ،
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
. ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞـﻠﻤﻟﺍ
، ﻩﺪـﻳﺍ ﻥﺎـﻳﺮﺟ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺰﻳﺭﺮﺳ ،
ﻛ ﻉﺍﺮﺘﺧﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ﺎﻫﻻﺎ
ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﻲـﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺪـﻫﺩ
.
ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ
ﻱ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻚـﻳ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺮﺗﺪـﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﻻﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ،
ﺯﺍ ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺗﺪﻟﻮﻣ ﻱ ﻝﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺪﻨﻛ
. ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،
ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺎﻳ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ،
ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻲـﻛﺮﺤﻣ
ﺪﺷﺭ ﺧ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮ
) ﺱﺍﺪﻴﻛﺍﻮﻣﺍﻭ ،١
2002 ﺺﺻ ﻭ 61 - 60 ( .
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ )
(OIC ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ 57
ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻤﻠـﺴﻣ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺮﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻱ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻝﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺪﻧ
. ﺕﻼﻜـﺸﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ،
ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﺰﻣﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺎـﻫ
،
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺰﺋﺎﺣ .
ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ
ﻪـﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮـﺑ ﺭﺍﺬـﮔ
ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ،
ﺮـﺛﺍ ﺚـﺤﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺪﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻲﻛﺮﺤﻣ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ . ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ -
1- Vamvakidis.
ﺮﻧﺭﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺰﭼﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ )١
1997 ﺏ ( ﻲﻠﮔ ﻭ ﻚﻳﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻭ )٢
2004 ( - ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮـﺑ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻱﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ .
ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﻳﻻﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
، ﻙﺪـﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ ﻥﺁ
ﺎـﻫ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺭﺩ
ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﻱﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
)
٣ﮓﻧﺎﻳ ، 1991 ( ﻩﺰـﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺖـﻧﺍﺭ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻭ ﻲﻳﻮـﺟ
ﻱﺪﻨﻠﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻖﻳﺭﺰﺗ )
ﺮـﻧﺭﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺰﭼﺎﺳ )
1997 ﺏ ((
، ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻲﻌﻧﺎـﻣ .
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣ
ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻣﻼـﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ
) ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ، ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲـﺒﻴﻃ )
1387 ( ، ﺮـﺒﺠﻧﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺨـﺳﺍﺭ
) 1387 ((
ﺯﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻊـﻤﺟ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳ )
ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪـﺻﺭﺩ (GDP
، ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ
ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ) ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ (GDP
ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻭ )
ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪـﺻﺭﺩ (GDP
ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ
ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﺐـﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧOIC
ﺪﻫﺩ
، ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 2007 ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴـﺑ 50
ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎــﺻ 22
ﻪــﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎــﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﻱ
ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ ﻲــﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺩﺍ
ﺩ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩ ﻭ
ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ 17 ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱ
ﺖﻔﻧ ﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘـﺷ
ﺍ ﺪـﻧ . ﻝﺎـﺳ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،
55
ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ
) ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎـﻀﻋﺍ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﻮـﻀﻋ ﺮـﻫ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ (
ﻭ 5 / 35
ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ
ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ) ﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ ﺮﻫ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ (
ﻮـﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ OIC
ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗ ﻲﻠﻴﺴﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ، ﻲﻟﺎـﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻳﺎـﺳﻭ ﻭ ﺕﻻﺁ ﻦﻴـﺷﺎﻣ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻪـﻛ
ﻞﻤﺣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻞﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ ﻥﺁ
ﺎـﻫ 11 ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ) ﻱﺎـﻀﻋﺍ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﺵﺭﺍﺰـﮔ
ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ،
2009 ﺺﺻ ﻭ 8 ﻭ 11 ( . ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ، ﺠﺣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻢ
ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗOIC
ﻲﻣ ﺑ ﺪـﺷﺎ . ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎـﺟ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎـﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻛ
ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ، ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺪﺷﺭ ﺑ
ﺷﺎ ﺪ ، ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻱﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮـﺛﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ
ﻲـﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
، ٤
ﻮـﻀﻋ ﺮـﻫ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻲـﻨﻌﻳ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ
ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ
، ٥
ﺮـﻫ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻲـﻨﻌﻳ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻮﻀﻋﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ .
ﻲـﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺍﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﻨﻛ ﺪ . ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﻮﻧ ﻲـﻣ
ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻲـﻣ ﺍﺰـﺠﻣ
ﺪـﻨﻛ . ـﻧ ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﻮ
، ﻦﻴـﻤﺨﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ .
ﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ
ﻲـﺒﻴﻃ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ )
1387 (،
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻱ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ
1- Sachs & Warner.
2- Dowrick & Golley.
3- Young.
4- Intra-OIC Trade
5- Trade with non-OIC countries.
ﻮﻀﻋ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘOIC
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،
ﺭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻱﺪـﺷ
، ﻱﻮـﮕﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱ
ﻞﻴﺗ ﻭ ﻢﺑﺭﺪﺳ )١
2003 ( ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﻛ ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﻧ
، ﺎﻣﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱ ﻪـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ
ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻱ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲـﺒﻴﻃ )
1387 ( ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺘﻣ .
ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻲـﺒﻴﻃ
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻱ
ﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ ،
ﺻ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻉﻮـﻤﺠﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻌﻨ
ﺮـﻛ ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪـﻧ
، ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻱ
ﺎـﻀﻋﺍ ﻥﺎـﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻱﺪـﺷﺭ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ )
ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ
ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ( ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍﺮﻴﻏ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻭ )
ﻲـﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮـﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ (
ﻲـﻣ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮـﭘ . ﻪـﻛ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ
ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻴﻃ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ
ﺍﺯ ﻲﻳ ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ،
ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ
ﺩﺮﻜﻧ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﺠﻨﺳ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﺎـﻫ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺭﺎـﺷﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻱ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ، ﺭﺩ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ،
ﺵﺭﻮﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺐﻳﺍﺮـﺿ ﻥﺪـﺷ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ . ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ
ﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﻳ - ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﻭ ﺎــﻳﻮﭘ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻲﺤﻴــﺿﻮﺗ ﻱﺎــﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲــﻳ ،
ﻭ ﻲﻟﻮــﻤﻌﻣ ﺕﺎــﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪــﺣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﻣ ﻱ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﻧﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﺵﺭﻮـﺗ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻛ ﺪﻨ
، ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﻥﺯ
ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﻼﻜـﺸﻣ ﻲﻣﺎـﻤﺗ ﺮـﺑ ﻲﻠﻧﺎـﭘ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺩ ﺪﻣﺁﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻖﺋﺎﻓ
، ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
، ﻢﻴـﻤﻌﺗ ﺭﻭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﻲﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻥﺯ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺯﺍ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻲﻠﻧﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ٢
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣﻮـﻫﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
ﻲـﻣ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮـﺑ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻮـﺷ
ﺎـﺗ ﺩ
ًﺎـﻧﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﻮـﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺎﻳﺁ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﮕﭼﺭﺎـﭙﻜﻳ ﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗ
ﻩﺭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪـﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻲـﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ
؟ﺮﻴﺧ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱ ﺮﻳﺯ
ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻡﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻱﺮـﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ
ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ،
ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻡﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ
، ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ . ﻡﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ،
ﻊﻤﺟ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ
.
2 - ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻠﻤﻟﺍ
: ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻙﺮﺤﻣ
ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﻜﻳ ﻱﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺍ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪــﺷﺭ ﺮـﺑ ﺭﺍﺬــﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ
ﺎــﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺖــﺳ ﻭ ﻥ
ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻴﻧ ﺖـﺳﺩ ﻉﺎـﻤﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺪـﻧﺍ
. ﺍﺭ ﺮـﻣﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺖـﻠﻋ
1- Soderbom and Teal.
2-Blundell and Bond,1998.
ﻲﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻮﺳ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺾﻗﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﻮﺳ
ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱ ،
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ
ﺍ ﺖﺳ ﺠﺘﺴﺟ ، ﺩﺮﻛ ﻮ . ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ، ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ
، ﻭ ﻙﺮـﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻌﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻒﻟﺍ ( ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ
ﺖﺴﻴﻠﻴﺘﻧﺎﻛﺮﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
، ﺕﺭﺎـﺒﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻳ ﻭ ﺮﻔـﺻ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ
ﺩﺮﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ -
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ،
ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺯ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﺖـﺳﺍ
ﻪـﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺪ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻱ
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ، ﻝﻮﭘ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺪـﻨﻛ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱ .
ﻡﺍﺩﺁ
ﻭﺩﺭﺎــﻜﻳﺭ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻤــﺳﺍ
، ﺡﺮــﻄﻣ ﺎــﺑ ﺩﺮــﻛ
ﻪــﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻥ ﻲﺒــﺴﻧ ﻭ ﻖــﻠﻄﻣ ﺖــﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫ
، ﻩﺪــﻳﺍ ﻱ
ﺖﺴﻴﻠﻴﺘﻧﺎﻛﺮﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﻛ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺍ . ﻥﺁ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ، ﻪﺑ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ ﻢﻴـﺴﻘﺗ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺺـﺼﺨﺗ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻲـﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ ،
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻢـﻬﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ .
ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻜﻴﺳﻼﻛﻮﺌﻧ ،
ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻊﻧﺍﻮﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ،
ﻩﺮـﻬﺑ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻞـﻛ ﻱﺭﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﺮـﺑ
ﺍﺯ ، ﺺﻴـﺼﺨﺗ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻩﺭﺎـﺑﻭﺩ
ﻱ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺖﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ،
ﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺩ
ﺩﻮﺷ ، ﻲﻃ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
ﻱ
ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ، ﺪـﺳﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺮـﺳ ﻝﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ،
ﻲﻣ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. ﻥﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺮﻣﻭﺭ ﻱ ) 1986 ( ﺱﺎـﻛﻮﻟ ﻭ )
1988 ( ،
ﺪـﺷ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩ
. ﺮﮔ ﻦﻤﭙـﻠﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻤـﺳﺍ
) 1991 ( ﻥﺎﻣﺎﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،
ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻝﺪـﻣ
ﺎـﻫ ﻱ
ﺪﺷﺭ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺮﻛ ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻚـﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ :
ﻒﻟﺍ ( ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ
ﻱ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮـﺳ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻱﺍ
ﻱﺍ ، ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮـﺗ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﺮـﺛﺍ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻚـﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﻭ
. ﺏ (
ﻝﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ
ﻨﻛ ﻱژﻮـﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ .
ﺝ ( ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺮـﺼﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺎـﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻑ ﺐﺒـﺳ ﺍﺭ
ﻲـﻣ ﺩﻮـﺷ . ﺩ (
ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻲﻫﺩﺯﺎـﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺵﻭﺮﻓ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﺏ ( ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪـﻨﻫﺩ
ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﻲـﺘﻗﻭ
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺩﺍﺯﻮﻧ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ، ﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣ
، ﻩﺭ ﻲـﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ
ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ
. ﺰﮕﻳﺭﺩﻭﺭ ) 1974 ( ﺵﻮﺒﻧﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ )
1977 (،
ﺭﺩ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻩ ﺍ
ﻪـﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧ ﺯﺎـﻴﻧ ﻱﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ
.
١ﺮﭼﺮﺑ ) 1974 (،
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪـﻫﺩ
، ﺭﺩ ﻲـﺘﻗﻭ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪـﻧ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻚﻳ ،
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺎـﻴﻧ ﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻪـﺑ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻥﺁ .
ﻝﺪـﻧﺎﻣ ﻝﺪـﻣ -
ﮓﻨﻴﻤﻴﻠﻓ
، ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺯﺭﺍ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻢﻳژﺭ ﺖﺤﺗ )
ﻲـﻳﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺭﻭﺎﻨـﺷ ﺯﺭﺍ ﺥﺮـﻧ ﻭ ﻭ ﻲـﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻴﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺎﺟ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ (
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻕﻮـﺳ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ
ﻮﻣ ﻲــﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎــﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻑﺮــﺼﻣ ﺖﻤــﺳ ﻪــﺑ ﺝﺭﺎــﺨﻣ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺪــﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰــﻓﺍ ﺐــﺟ
ﻲــﻣ ﺩﻮــﺷ
) ﺱﺍﺪــﻴﻛﺍﻮﻣﺍﻭ ،٢
2002 ﺹ ﻭ 60 ( . ﻥﺎــﺴﻧﺍﻮﻴﻨﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﺗﺍﻮــﮕﺑ ﻝﺪــﻣ )٣
1985 (،
ﺶﻴــﭘ ﻲــﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺒﻄﻗ ﻭﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ،
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎـﻳ ﻭ ﺩﻮـﺷ
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺪﻨﻛ
، ﺪـﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﺪـﻴﻔﻣ ﻲـﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ
ﺩﻮﺑ . ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺁ ﻥ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ
ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻢﻳژﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺪـﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻲـﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮـﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺪﺷﺭ ﺩﻮـﺑ
. ﺎـﻣﺍ ﻖـﺒﻃ ﺲﻳﺪـﻴﻛﺍﻮﻣﺍﻭ ،
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻱﺍ ﻉﺎـﻓﺩ ﺕﺪـﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘـﺳﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺪﻨﻛ . ﺶﻴﺑ ،ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺮﺗ
ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﻛ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ
ﻨﻛ ﺪ .
3 - ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ
ﻲﻠﮔ ﻭ ﻚﻳﺭﻭﺩ )٤
(2004 ﺮﺛﺍ ، ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴـﺑ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ 100
ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ
ﻲﻃ 1960 - 2000 ﺮﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩ
ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ،
ﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﺪﺷﺭ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ
ﻲﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ،
ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
، ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﻮـﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﻪـﻫﺩ ﻱ
1980 ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ، ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻚـﻤﻛ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮـﻛ
ﻩﺩ ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﻢـﻫ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ
ﺍﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺘﺷ
ﻪ ﺪﻧﺍ ، ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺮﻀﺘﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﺮﻳﺎﻣﺮﺒﻠﻓ )٥
(،2005 ﻦﻴـﻤﺨﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ـﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺘـﺸﮔ ﻲﻤﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻥﺯ
ﻭ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴ
ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻱ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﻳ ، ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻱ
ـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ ﻪ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ،
ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺮـﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ
ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﻢـﻫ ،ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻢﻫ
ﺍﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻲﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
٦ﺦﺳﺍﺭ ) 2007
، ( ﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎ ﺮﻣﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻞﻜﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
) 1999 (،
ﺮـﺛﺍ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻱ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ ﻢﻫ
ﺍﺮﮔ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻲﻳ
ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ
1- Brecher.
2-Vamvakidis.
3- Bhagwati and Sivanesan . 4- Dowrick & Golley.
5- Felbermayr, (2005).
6- Rassekh.
ﻭﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ،
ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ًﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ًﻻﻭﺍ
ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ گﺭﺰﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﻮﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ﻭ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭ .
ﻢـﻫ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ ،
ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻱژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
. ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺶﻴﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﺐﻘﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ
.
ﭻﻟﻭ ﻭ گﺭﺎﻳﺯﻭ )١
2008
، ( ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻂﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺎـﺗ ﺮـﻧﺭﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺰﭼﺎـﺳ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻪـﻫﺩ ﻱ 1990
، ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺮـﺛﺍ
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﻛ
ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﻪﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪـﻫﺩ
،
ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎــﺠﺗ ﻢﻬــﺳ ﻱﺭﺎــﺠﺗ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻻﻭﺍ ﺍﺭGDP
5 ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰــﻓﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ .
ﺎــﻴﻧﺎﺛ
ﻲﻃ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
ﻱ 1950 - 1998 ، ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻢﻳژﺭ ﺮﻛ
ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﻧ ، ﻱﺪـﺷﺭ 5 / 1
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
ﻱ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
ﻱ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺮﻛ
ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﻧ .
٢ﮓﻧﺎﭼ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ )
2008 ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺶـﻘﻧ (،
ﻱﺭﺍﺬـﮔﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲـﻠﻤﻜﻣ ﺕﺎﺣﻼـﺻﺍ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻛ
ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪـﻧ . ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ
ﺪـﻫﺩ ، ﺮـﺛﺍ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ
ﻱ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ،
ﺶـﺨﺑ
ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺮﺗ
، ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳﺯ ﺮﺗﺎﻴﻬﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻭ ﺮﺗ
ﺮﺗ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ،
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
4 - ﺵﻭﺭ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
4 - 1 - ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ
ﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪ
، ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﮓﻧﺎﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ )
2008 ( ، ﻲﻠﮔ ﻭ ﻚﻳﺭﻭﺩ )
2004 ( ﻥﺮـﮔﺮﺑ
ﻝﺍﺩﺭﻮﺟ ﻭ )
2005 ( ﺱﺍﺪﻴﻛﺍﻮﻣﺍﻭ ﻭ )
2002 (،
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱ
ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ،OIC
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻱ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﻳ - ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ
ﺖـﺳﺍ .
ﺽﺮـﻓ ﺎـﺑ ﻚﻴـﺳﻼﻛﻮﺌﻧ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﺭﺍﺪـﻳﺎﭘ ﺡﻮﻄـﺳ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ )
ﻢﻫ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﺍﺯ
ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ( ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻲﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻪـﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻦﻴـﻤﺨﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﺎـﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﻴـﺿﻮﺗ ﻲـﻣ
ﻮـﺷ ﺩ .
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺢﻳﺮﺼﺗ ﺮﻳﺯ
ﺖﺳﺍ :
) 1 ln(Yi,t) ln(Yi,t ) i ln(Yi,t ) ln(openi,t) ln(Zi,t) t i,t(
-t -t =h + b -t + l + q +x +e
1- Wacziarg and Welch.
2- Chang.
ﺭﺩ ﻪـــﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻱ ) 1 (
i,t ،
ln (Y )
ﻪﻧﺍﺮـــﺳ ﺪـــﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﻳﺭﺎـــﮕﻟ ﻱ
ﺭﻮـــﺸﻛ ﺭﺩi
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱ ﻭt
ln (Yi,t-t)
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ .
ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ـﺧﺁ
ﺮ ﺎـﺑ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ
ﺐﻘﻋ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻲﮔﺪﻧ ﻢـﻫ
ﺍﺮﮔ ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻲـﻳ ﺩﻮـﺷ
. ﻭﺭ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ،
ﺐﻳﺮـﺿ ﺐﻳﺮـﺿ ﻪـﺑ b
ﻢﻫ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻲﻳ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﻭﺭ
.
، Open ﻪـﺟﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻱ
ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ Zi,t
ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻱ
ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺭ ،
ﺥﺮـﻧ
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ ،
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ، ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﺷﺎﺑ ﺪ
t . ﻭ x hi
ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﻲﻧﺎـﻜﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺯ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ .
ﻡﻼـﺳﺍ )١
2003 ( ﻲﻠـﺴﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ٢
) 1996 (،
ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ، ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻟﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻱ ) 1 ( ﻲﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺩﻮـﺷ
، ﺐﻳﺍﺮـﺿ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ،
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ
ﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﻳ ، ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻩﺎـﺗﻮﻛ ﺕﺎﻧﺎـﺳﻮﻧ ﺕﺪـﻣ
،
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻩﺩﺯ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ .
ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ، ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻴـﺻﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،
ﺮـﻳﺯ ﺮـﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ
ﻮﺧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺪﻨﻫﺍ ﺩﻮﺑ . ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ hi
ﻩﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻧﺍﺮـﺳ ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
، ﮓـﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺎـﻫ ، ﺎـﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧ ،
ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ،
ﻱژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ،
ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ
ﺖﺳﺍ
i,t . ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ e
ﺽﺮـﻓ ﻖـﺒﻃ ﻪـﻛ ،
ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﻥﺎـﻜﻣ ﻭ t
i
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
4 - 2 - ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻱ ) 1 ( ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻠﻧﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ
، ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪـﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻳﻮﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ،
ﻘﻟﺎـﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎـﺳﺎﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻮ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
: ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﺵﺭﻮـﺗ ﻭ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻑﺬـﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺵﺭﻮﺗ
ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ
٣ﻲﻳ . ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﻪـﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺽﺮـﻋ ﻚـﻳ ﺭﺎـﭼﺎﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺯ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺍﺪﺒﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﻲﻣ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻲﻨﻤﺿ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﻪﻠﻤﺟ
i ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ h
ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺋﺰﺟ ﻭ ﻲﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻱ ﺎـﻄﺧ ،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻠـﺴﻛ ﺎـﻣﺍ )
1996 ( ،
ﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻪﻛ
) 2
i,t i,t i,t i,t (
i i i
E[h(ln(Y -t)]=E[h( ln(b Y - t2)+ qZ +h e+ )]¹0
1- Islam.
2- Caselli.
3- Tsangarides, 2002, P 358.
ﺖﺳﺍ .
i ﻥﻮﭼ E[h2]¹0 ﻲـﻣ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ، ﻞﻗﺍﺪـﺣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻩﮋـﻳﻭ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ﻑﺬـﺣ
ﺎﺑ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
ﻲﻣﺎﻏﺩﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻑﺬـﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﺵﺭﻮـﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺩﻮـﺷ . ﻡﻼـﺳﺍ ) 1995 (،
ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎـﺳﺎﻧ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻑﺬـﺣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﻧﺎـﭘ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﺎـﻳﺁ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻠﻧﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
i ﻱ ﻥﺎـﻤﻫ ﺎـﻳ h
ﻱﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ
، ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ .
ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺽﺮﻓ
ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﻲﺤﻴـﺿﻮﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ .
ﻡﻼـﺳﺍ ) 2003 (،
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺪـﻘﺘﻌﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺩﺭ )
1 ( ، ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻲﻓﺩﺎـﺼﺗ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ
ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺩﻮﺑ
. ﻱﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﺤﻴـﺿﻮﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ
ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻧ ﺍﺯ
ﺖﺴﻴ ، ﺵﺭﻮـﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ
ﺍﺯ ﻲـﻳ
ﻧ ﻲﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻤ
ﺷﺎﺑ ﺪ . ﺯﺍ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ، ﻪـﺑ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻳﻮﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ،
ﻮﺋﺎﻴــﺴﻫ )١
1986 ( ﺪــﻧﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻮــﻧﻻﺭﺁ ﻭ )
1991 (،
ﻩﺩﺮــﻛ ﺕﺎــﺒﺛﺍ ﺖــﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮــﺛﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪــﻛ ﺪــﻧﺍ
ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭ
ﻫﺩ ﺪ .
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﻮﭼ )
1 ( ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ
ﺍﺯ ﺎـﻳﻮﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺤﻴـﺿﻮﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲـﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ،
ﻲﺟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ )
2005 ( ، ﺪﻧﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻮﻧﻻﺭﺁ ﻭ )
1991 ( ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻱﺍ
ﺪﺷ ﻞﺳﻮﺘﻣ٢
. ﻪﺑ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ
ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ
ﻱﺍ ، ﺲﻧﺎـﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ
ﻲﻨﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿ گﺭﺰﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﺪـﻳﺁ ﺖـﺳﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎـﺳﺎﻧ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ .
ﻭﺭ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ،
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺯ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﻧﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻱ ،
ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﻥﺯ
ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﻲﻣ ﺷﺎﺑ ﺪ . ﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻢ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ، ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﺵﺭﻮـﺗ ﻑﺬـﺣ ﺭﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪـﺑ
ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﻭ ﻲﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱ
ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ،
ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻱ ) 1 ( ﻞـﺿﺎﻔﺗ
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻱ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻲﻣ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ،
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻱ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻣ
ـﺷ ﻮ ﺩ . ﻥﺁ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺎﮔ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻴﭼ
ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻥ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ
ﺍﺯ ﻪﻔﻗﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻳ ﻥﺁ ﻱ
ـﻫ ﺎ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻛﺭﻮﻃ ، ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺯ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
: ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻥﺯ
ﻞــﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﻪــﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻱ ﻝﻭﺍ ) ﺪــﻧﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻮــﻧﻻﺭﺁ )
1991 ((
ﻦﻴــﻤﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺘــﺸﮔ ﻲﻤﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﻥﺯ
ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ) ﺪـﻧﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺪـﻧﻮﻠﺑ )
1998 ((
. ﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻬﻨـﺸﻴﭘ ﺪـﻧﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻮـﻧﻻﺭﺁ ﻩ ﺍ
ﻪـﻔﻗﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧ ﻱ
ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ
. ﺪـﻧﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺪـﻧﻮﻠﺑ ﺎـﻣﺍ )
1998 ( ﻭ
1- Hsiao (1986).
2 - ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻱ ﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﻴﻧﺍﻮﺗ Arrelano & Bound (1991) ﻭ
Blundell and Bound (1998)
ﻴﻨﻛ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺪ .
ﺪﻧﻮﺑ ، ﺮﻜﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺮﮕﺋﺎﺟ )١
1995 (،
ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ ﻪـﻛ ﻪـﻔﻗﻭ ﻱ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ،
ﻱﺎـﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻔﻴﻌﺿ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ
ﻱ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ .
ﺪﻧﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺪﻧﻮﻠﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﺣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
،
ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﻥﺯ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻱ ﻲﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺍﺭ
ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻚـﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ،
ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻛ . ﺭﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺪـﺑ ،
ﺭﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ
ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ
j ﻱ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺎـﺳ ﻭ m (Sargrn)
ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺩﻮـﺷ
. ﻩﺭﺎـﻣﺁ
j ﻱ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ m
ﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺎﻄﺧ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎﻳﺮﺳ ﻲﮕ
ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺎﺳ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ .
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻴـﺑ
ﺮـﺗ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱ
ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﺎـﻫ ﺐـﻴﻗﺭ ﻱ ،
ﻥﺯ ﻦﻴـﻤﺨﺗ ﺯﺍ
GMM- System ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
5 - ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ،
5 - 1 - ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
، ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ 32 ﻮـﻀﻋ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ OIC
ﻲﻃ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱ 2009 - 1980 ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻦـﻳﺍ :
ﻲﻧﺎـﺒﻟﺁ ، ﺮـﻳﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ،
ﻦﻳﺮﺤﺑ ، ﺵﺩﻼﮕﻨﺑ ،
ﻦﻴﻨﺑ ، ﻮﺳﺎﻓﺎﻨﻴﻛﺭﻮﺑ ،
ﻥﻭﺮﻣﺎﻛ ، ﺝﺎﻋ ﻞﺣﺎﺳ ،
ﺼﻣ ﺮ ، ﻥﻮﺑﺎﮔ ، ﺎـﻴﺒﻣﺎﮔ ، ﻥﺎـﻳﻮﮔ ،
ﻱﺰﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ، ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
، ﻥﺩﺭﺍ ، ﻱﺰﻟﺎـﻣ ، ﻲﻟﺎـﻣ ، ﻲﻧﺎـﺘﻳﺭﻮﻣ ،
ﺶﻛﺍﺮـﻣ ، ﻚـﻴﺒﻣﺍﺯﻮﻣ ،
ﺮﺠﻴﻧ ، ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﭘ ، ﻱﺩﻮﻌﺳ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺮﻋ ،
ﻝﺎﮕﻨﺳ ، ﻥﻮﺌﻟﺍﺮﻴﺳ ،
ﻥﺍﺩﻮﺳ ، ﻪﻳﺭﻮـﺳ ﻲـﺑﺮﻋ ﻱﺭﻮـﻬﻤﺟ ،
ﻮﮔﻮﺗ ، ﺲﻧﻮﺗ ، ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ، ﺍﺪﻧﺎﮔﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻣﺍ ﻩﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﻱ ﻲﺑﺮﻋ .
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ 2
- 3 - 1 ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺪﺷ ، ﺮـﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻟﺎـﺳ ﺕﺎﻧﺎـﺳﻮﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ )
1 ( ، ﻪﻤﻫ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ) ﻪﻧﺍﺮـﺳ ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮـﻴﻏ ﻪﺑ ﻱ
ﻭ ﻪـﻴﻟﻭﺍ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻱ (
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎـﺳ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺵﻮﭙﻤﻫﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ، ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ :
1984 - 1980 ، . . . . ﻭ 2009 - 2005 . ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻝﺎـﺳ
ﺎـﻫ ﻱ
ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ، ﺮﻳﺯ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ
ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ . ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ :
- ﻢﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳGDP
ﻱ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ) ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﻻﺩ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻪﺑ 2005
:( ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﺐﻘﻋ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﻢﻫ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻲـﻳ ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺩﻮـﺷ
. ﺮـﮔﺍ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
، ﺩﻮـﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮـﺑ ﻚـﻳ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ،
ﻩﺎـﮔ ﻥﺁ ﻲـﻤﻧ ﻪﻴـﺿﺮﻓ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ ﻱ
ﻢﻫ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳ ﺮﻛ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ
ﺩ .
1- Bound, Jaeger and Baker (1995).
- ﻢﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﮔ ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻱﺭﺍﺬ )
ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ
G GDDPP ( :( ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺤ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻱ ﻢﻫ
ﺍﺮﮔ ﻲـﻳ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ
. ﺎـﺑ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﻮﻜﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻥﺁ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺥﺮـﻧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻃ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛﻮﺌﻧ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺰﻳﺭﺮﺳ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ، ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻴ ـﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺮـﺑ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
- ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻢﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻱ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎـﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ:
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ
ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛ ﻭ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻪﻧﺍﺮـﺳ ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺖـﺳﺍ
.
ﺰﺘﻳﻭﻮﻣﺍﺮﺑﺁ )
1986 ( ﺱﺎﻛﻮﻟ ﻭ ) 1993 ( ، ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧ ﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ
ﺎ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎـﺴﻧﺍ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ، ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺶﻴﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻉﺍﺮـﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ﻱژﻮـﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺖـﺷﺍﺩﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ
. ﻭﺭ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﺪﺷﺭ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺑ ﺪﺷﺎ .
- ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻢﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ :
ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،
ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﻪـﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺍ
ﺪﺷﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
- ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻢﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ )
ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ :(GDP
ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎـﺟ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺯﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ
ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺖـﺳﺍ : 1 - ﻞـﻛ ﻢﻬـﺳ
ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ،GDP
2 - ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻞـﻛ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺪـﻜﻳ ﺎـﺑ OIC
)GDP ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ
ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ( ﻭ 3 - ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﻛ ﻢﻬﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻮـﻀﻋﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺎﺑOIC
GDP
) ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ
( .
ﺮﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ
، ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ، ﻱژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ،
ﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
، ﺭﺩ ﺺـﺼﺨﺗ ﺎـﻣﺍ
ﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺖﺷﺍﺬﮔﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻪ
.
- ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻢﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﻱ )
ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ :(GDP
ﺕﺎـﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﺠﻨﻣ ﻱﺮـﺒﺟ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻧﺎﺟ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻲﻣGDP
ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻱﺍ
ﺱﻮﻜﻌ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺎﺑ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
- ﻡﺭﻮﺗ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻢﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ :
ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﺮـﺛﺍ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ .
- ﺪﺷﺭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭGDP
ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ: ﺶﻴﭘ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺗﻭﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪـﻧﺍ
، ﻪـﺑ ﻱﺭﻮـﻃ ﻲـﺑ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻦـﻜﻤﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻲﺗﺎـﺒﺛ
ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻚﻳ
ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﻨﻛ ﺪ .
- ﻲﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﻮـﻫﻮﻣ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺘـﺳﺩ ﻪـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ:
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻱ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺥﺮـﻧ ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ
ﺮﻳﺯ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ
ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻱ ﻲﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﺮﺛﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ
ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻪـﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻪـﺑ
ﺍ ﺪـﻧ . ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻲـﻠﮔ ﻭ ﻚـﻳﺭﻭﺩ
) 2004 (،
ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ 50
ﻲﻳﻻﺎـﻛ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ
ﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻱ
ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻫﺩ
، ﺮﻔـﺻ ﺮـﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺮـﻴﻏ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻚـﻳ ﺮـﺑﺍﺮﺑ
ﺩﻮﺑﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ .
ﻲﻣﻼـﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻫﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ
ﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻪ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﻭﺭ . ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
، ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﻚـﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ .
ﻪﻤﻫ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ )
ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻩ
ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﻳﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
(
ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ )
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ( WDI ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ .
5 - 2 - ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻞﻠﻤﻟﺍ
ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ 57
ﻮﻀﻋ ، ﻚﻳ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﻢﺸﺷ ،
ﻭ ﺖـﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻚﻳ 6
/ 6
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ ) ﻝﺎﺳ 2008 ( . ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ
،
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻝﺎﺣﺭﺩ .
ﺕﺍﺭﺎـﻣﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻩﺪـﺤﺘﻣ
ﻱ ﻲـﺑﺮﻋ ، ﺖـﻳﻮﻛ ، ﻦﻳﺮـﺤﺑ ، ﻥﺎﺘـﺴﺑﺮﻋ
ﻱﺩﻮﻌﺳ ، ﻪـﻨﻴﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﺑﺎﮔ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﻱ
ﻮﺋﺎـﺴﻴﺑ ، ﺩﺎـﭼ ، ﻚـﻴﺒﻣﺍﺯﻮﻣ ،
ﺮﺠﻴﻧ ، ﺎﭘ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺪﻧﺎﮔﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻮﺳﺎﻓﺎﻨﻴﻛﺭﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﻳ
ﻲـﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ـﺷﺎﺑ
ﺪﻨ . ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻦﻴــﺑ ، ﻩﺎــﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮــﻳﺍ ﺭﻮــﺸﻛ 11
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮــﻗ ﻡﺎﻨﻳﺭﻮــﺳ ﻭ ﺮــﻳﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﻌﺑ ﻭ .
ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ، ﺖﻔﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻨﻤﺗﻭﺮﺛ ﻲـﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺰﻴﺧ
ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪـﻨﻫﺩ
ﻩﺭﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺮﻴﻘﻓ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻱ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﻘﻳﺮﻓﺁ .
ﻲﻣﻼـﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﺵﺭﺍﺰـﮔ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ )
2009 ( ، ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ 6
/ 2
ﻭ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ 5
/ 8 ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎـﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎـﻬﺟ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﻪـﺑ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ
ﻞـﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻭﺭﻮـﻳ ﺖـﻤﻴﻗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻔﻧ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺕﺭﺎـﺠﺗ
ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ 14
/ 4 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 2002
ﻪـﺑ 6 / 17 ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ 2006
ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪﻴﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻪﻜﻣ
، ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻢﻬﺳ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ 20
ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 2015 ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ .
ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴـﺑ 50 ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ 22
ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﻮـﻀﻋ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ
ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺩ
ﺪﻫ . ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ 17 ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﻮـﻀﻋ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ
ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﻔﻧ .
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 2006 ، 49 ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻞﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﺍﺭ OIC
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗ ﻲﻳﺍﺬـﻏ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻴـﺴﻓ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﺭﺩ
