مجله علوم و صنا ی ع غذا یی ی ا ران

(1)

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﮏﯿﺘﻨﯿﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز

ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ ﮏﭙﮐ

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ اﺪﺟ

ﺷ ﯽﻨﻏور ﮏﯿﮐ زا هﺪ

ﺎﻣد و ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ

نﺎﯿﭽﺨﻧ ﻦﺴﺣ يدﺰﯾ ﯽﯾﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ هﺪﯾﺮﻓ ،1

2

يﻮﻀﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﻠﻋ ﺪﯿﺳ ،*

ﯽﺒﺤﻣ ﺖﺒﺤﻣ ،2

2

1 - ﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ يﺮﺘﮐد ﯽ

ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ ﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯽﯾ

، ﺳودﺮﻓ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽ

ا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﯾ

ناﺮ

2 - ﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ ،دﺎﺘﺳا ﯽ

ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯽﯾ

، ﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﺳودﺮﻓ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸ

ﯽ ا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﯾ

ناﺮ

تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :

ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد : 09 / 10 / 98

ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ : 26 / 11 / 98

تﺎﻤﻠﮐ يﺪﯿﻠﮐ :

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ

،ﯽﻧز

ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ

،

،ﮏﭙﮐ

،ﮏﯿﮐ

لﺪﻣ يزﺎﺳ .

DOI: 10.52547/fsct.18.05.24

لﻮﺌﺴﻣ

تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ : [email protected]

ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺛا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد )

9 / 0 - 65 /0 ( ﺎﻣد و ) 30 - 15 داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (

ﺮﺑ ود ﻦﯾا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا و

ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﮏﯿﺘﻨﯿﮐ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ

ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ

ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﯽﻨﻏور ﮏﯿﮐ زا هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ

ﺰﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﺮﻤﺨﻣ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد لﻮﮐ ﯽﻨﻔﻣاﺮﻠﮐ

ﯽﻃ رﺎﮔآ 60

لﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و زور و ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ

هداد شزاﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﺘﺴﺟﻮﻟ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا درﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

. هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ درﻮﻣ

ﺎﻣد و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ )

15 ﺎﺗ 25 داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ ﺪﺷ

) 05 /0

<

.(P رد aw

يﺎﻣد زا تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ 25

ﺎﺗ 30 ﻪﺟرد

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ود ﻦﯾا راد

) 05 /0

<

.(P ﮏﭙﮐ ﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ سﻮ

رد

ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ 65

/0 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ دراو ﺪﺸﻧ ﯽﻧز

. ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد 7

/0 و 75 /0 يﺎﻣد رد ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ 15

و 25 ﻪﺟرد

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ مﻮﯿﻠﺴﯿﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﺪﺷر ﺎﻣا داد خر ﯽﻧز

. ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد 8

/0 ﻦﯾا دﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ مﻮﯿﻠﺴﯿﻣ ﺪﺷر ﺎﻣا دﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﻧز

ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يدوﺪﺤﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ .

ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﺪﺷر ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯽﻧز 85

/0 و 9 / 0 يﺎﻣد و 15 و 25 داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد

دﻮﺑ ) 05 /0

<

.(P ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﺷر ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ

يﺎﻣد رد 25

و داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد

ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ 9

/0 ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .

ﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺴ

ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧذﻮﻔﻧ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﮐ ﮏﯿﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ

رد ﮏﯿﮐ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﻣز aw

ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 7 /0 ﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ دﻮﺷ

. ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ شزاﺮﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ

ﻖﯿﻗد ﮏﯿﺘﺴﯿﺟﻮﻟ لﺪﻣ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮﮔ لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣرﺎﭘ زا ﺮﺗ

.

ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ

ﯾ اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯽﯾ

ا ﯾ ناﺮ

www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ

ﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﯽ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ_ ﯽ

[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-12 ]

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1 - ﻣ ﻪﻣﺪﻘ

ﻪﻧاد ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ رد ﺮﺸﺑ طﻮـﻠﺨﻣ داﻮـﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و بآ ﺎﺑ ار تﻼﻏ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ نآ ﻦﺘﺨﭘ ﺎﺑ و دﺮﮐ ﻪـﻤﯿﻧ ،ﺖـﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﯽﻤﻌﻃ شﻮﺧ و ﺪﻣﺎﺟ دروآ

] 1 .[

،درآ عﻮـﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ

،ﯽـﻧدوﺰﻓا تﺎـﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺮﯾﺎـﺳ و ﺮﮑـﺷ ،ﯽـﺑﺮﭼ ،ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮـﭘ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ هدروآﺮﻓ ناﻮﺗ نﺎﻧ عاﻮﻧا ﻞﯿﺒﻗ زا ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪـﭼﻮﻠﮐ ،ﺎـﻫ ،ﺎـﻫ

ﮏﯿﮐ و ﺎﻫﺮﮐاﺮﮐ دﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ار ﺎﻫ

.ا هدروآﺮﻓ نﺎﯿﻣ ز ،ﻦﯾﺮﯿـﺷ يﺎـﻫ

ﮏﯿﮐ ﻦﯿﻓﺎﻣ وﺎﻫ صﺎﺼـﺘﺧا دﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑ ار ﯽﯾﻻﺎـﺑ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ شوﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ

هداد ﺪﻧا . ﻧ ناﺮﯾا رد ﺰﯿ ﻪـﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رد يا

فﺮﺼﻣ ﮏـﯿﮐ

لﺎﺳ ﯽﻃ لﺎـﺳ رد ﻪـﮐ يرﻮـﻃ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ 1395

فﺮﺼـــﻣ ﻪﻧاﺮـــﺳ ناﺰـــﯿﻣ ﮏﯿﮐ

، ﻪﭼﻮﻠﮐ ، ﺮﻔﯾو و ﺖﯾﻮﮑﺴﯿﺑ 10

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺮﻔﻧ ﺮﻫ يازا ﻪﺑ مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ ]

4 .[

ﮏـﯿﮐ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا هدروآﺮـﻓ ﺮﯾﺎـﺳ و ﺎـﻫ

يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺖﺨﭘ رد يا

دراد ﺖﻌﻨﺻ .

فﺮﺼﻣ هزوﺮﻣا -

داﻮـﻣ ﺪـﻗﺎﻓ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧراد ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻤﺗ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ هﺪـﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و ﯽﻧدوﺰﻓا ﻦـﯾا فﺬـﺣ ﺎـﻣا ،ﺖـﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿـﺷ يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ داﻮـﻣ يﺮﯾﺬﭘدﺎﺴـﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ددﺮﮔ . ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ هﺮﻣز ردﺎﻫ ﮏﯿﮐ

) ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ 90

/0 - 75 /0 ( و يزﺎﺑ ﯽﻤﮐ pH ﺑ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎـﻨ

ﮏﭙﮐ ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﯽﮑﺸـﺧ يﺎﻫﺮﻤﺨﻣ و ﺎﻫ

نآ يور ﺖـﺳود ﺪـﺷر ﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ] 8 - 5 .[

هدﺮـﮐ ﺪﺷر ﮏﯿﮐ رد ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫﺮﻤﺨﻣ

ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ ﮏﯿﮐ يﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ دﺎﺴﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ و ]

9 .[

صﻮﺼـﺧ ﻦـﯾا رد

لواﺪﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ زا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﻤﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

يﺪﻧﻮﻣﺮﯿﻠﯾﻮﮔ اﺪﯾﺪﻧﺎﮐ ،1

ﯽﻧﻮﺗرﻮﺑ ﺎﯿﺸﯿﭘ ،2

ـﻧﺎﻫ ﻻﺎـﻣﻮﻧآ ﻻﻮﻨﺴ و 3

ﯽﻨﺴـﻧﺎﻫ ﺲﺴـﯾﺎﻣﻮﯾرﺎﺑد

4

] 10 .[

ﺎﻣا ﺪﺷر ﮏﭙﮐ و رﺮـﺿ ﻪـﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ يرادرﺎﺒﻧا ﯽﻃ ﮏﯿﮐرد ﺎﻫ

نﺎﯾز ﯽﻣ يدﺎﯾز يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫ ددﺮﮔ

. يﺎﻫرﺎﻣآ زا ﯽﮐﺎـﺣ ﯽﻧﺎـﻬﺟ

زا ﺶﯿــﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎــﺳ ﻪــﮐ ﺖــﺳا نآ 90

ﻦــﯾا زا مﺮﮔﻮــﻠﯿﮐ نﻮــﯿﻠﯿﻣ

ﯽـﻣ ﻦﯿـﺑ زا ﯽـﮑﭙﮐ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪـﻧور

. ] 11 .[

ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﮐ ﮏﭙ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﮏـﯿﮐ رد دﺎﺴـﻓ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ يﺎﻫ مﻮـﯿﺗورﻮﯾ

،5

ﯽﻨﭘ مﻮﯿﻠﯿﺳ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ و ﯽـﻣ

ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ ] 12 .[

ﺖـﺨﭘ ﺪـﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽـﻃ

ﮏــﭙﮐ ﺐـﻠﻏا ﻦﯿــﺑ زا هﺪــﺷ لﺎــﻤﻋا تراﺮــﺣ ﻪــﺟرد ﺮــﺛا رد ﺎــﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ و ندﺮﮐدﺮﺳ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد ﺎﻣا،ﺪﻧور

ﻪـﮐ ﯽﺗرﻮـﺻ رد ،يﺪﻨﺑ

ﯽـﻃ ﻪـﮐ هداد خر ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ دﻮﺸﻧ ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ا ﯽﻣ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ يرادرﺎﺒﻧ

ددﺮﮔ . لﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ﺖـﻬﺟ يدﺎﯾز تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ

1. Candida guilliermondii 2. Pichia burtonii 3. Hansenula anomala 4. Debaryomyces hansenii 5. Eurotium

ﻞﯿﺒﻗ زا ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﮏﯿﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ و ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ و هﺪﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺮﻔﺴﻤﺗا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﺪﻨﺑ

لﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ ]

15 - 13 [ ،

ﻢﺴـﯿﻧﺎﮔرا لﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﻊﺸﻌﺸﺗ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﺤﻄـﺳ يﺎـﻫ

ﺶﻔﻨﺑاﺮـﻓ ﻪﻌـﺷا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ]

16 [ ﺰـﻣﺮﻗ نودﺎـﻣ ﻪﻌـﺷا ، ]

17 [ ﻪﻌـﺷا ،

ﻻﺎـﺑ ﺲﻧﺎـﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ]

18 [ يرﻮـﻧ ﺲﻟﺎـﭘ شور و ]

19 .[

شور ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﺷر لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد ﺎﻫ

هدﻮـﺑ ﺮﺛﻮـﻣ ﺎـﻫ ﺎـﻣا ﺪـﻧا

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ داﻮﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ،ﺖﻤﯿﻗ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺖﺴﯾز يﺪﻨﺑ

ﺮﺛا و ﺮﯾﺬﭘ

نآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ،هدروآﺮﻓ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎـﺳ دوﺪـﺤﻣ ار ﺎـﻫ

ﺖﺳا . ر يﺮﯿﮔرﺎـﮑﺑ زا هزوﺮـﻣا و ﺮﺗﺮﺛﻮـﻣ،ﺮﺗ ﻢﻟﺎـﺳ ﯽـﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ يﺎـﻫ شو

ﺖﺳاﺮﺗ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا .]

20 [.

شور ﻦﯾا زا نﺎـﻣﺰﻤﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﺎﻫ

،ﯽـﺑآ ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،تراﺮـﺣ ﻪﺟرد ندوﺰـﻓا ﺎـﯾ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣرﺎـﺑ ، pH

هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ ] 21 .[

ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮـﺑ ﺮﺛﻮـﻣ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز .

داﺪـﻌﺗ ،ﯽـﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ

هوﺮﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑﯿﻣ زا

ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﺷر ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺑﺎﯾ ] 22 .[

ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا نﻮﻨﮐﺎـﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﻪﭼﺮﮔا

ﯽـﺑآ ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﺷر ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺖـﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﻣا ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﯽﻧز

ـﭙﮐ ﮏـﯾ ﺪـﺷر ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ اﺮﯾز ،دراد يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،ﮏ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻄﯾاﺮﺷ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ هدﺎﻣ رد دﺎﺴﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

دﻮﺷ ] 23 .[

ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ

رد ﺎﻫرﻮﭙـﺳا ﯽـﻧز

ﻊﯿﺳو ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ يﺎﻣد ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪـﺑ رﻮﭙـﺳا ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻣا ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ

ﺖﺳا زﺎﯿﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﺑآ .

،ﺪﺷر ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ هوﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ

ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ زا ﺮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗﻮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﺪ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 24 .[

ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪـﺷر ياﺮـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ تراﺮـﺣ ﻪـﺟرد ﺮـﻈﻧ زا ﺎﻫ

، ًﻻﻮـﻤﻌﻣ

نآ زا يداﺪـﻌﺗ ﯽـﻟو ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻞﯿﻓوﺰﻣ

ﺎـﻫ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙـﺳآ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ

ﺎـﻫ

يﺎﻣد رد و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ اﺮﮔﺎﻣﺮﺳ 5

- ﺎﺗ 10 - ﺰـﯿﻧ داﺮـﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷر ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ] 25 .[

رد ﺎـﻣد و ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا

دﺎﺴﻓ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖـﺳا ﺖـﯿﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎـﺣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ رد ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا

.

ﯽﺴﯿﻟ و ﻦﮕﻣ )

1988 ( نﺎﻣز ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ رﺎﻬﻇا ،ﺪﺷر يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ﻪـﻟﻮﻟ دﺎﺠﯾا و ﯽﻧز

ياﺮـﺑ ﯽـﻤﻬﻣ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ 6

ﯽـﻨﻠﮐ دﺎـﺠﯾا ياﺮـﺑ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫرﻮﭙﺳا ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ]

26 [ . ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ فﺪـﻫ

ﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا زا ﺮـﺛا و تراﺮـﺣ ﻪـﺟرد ،ﯽـﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺛا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﻫو

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ود ﻦﯾا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ و يﺮﯿﺧﺄـﺗ زﺎـﻓ ،ﯽﻧز

6. Germ tube

(3)

ﮏـﭙﮐ ﯽﻣﻮﯿﻠﺴـﯿﻣ ﺪﺷر يﻮﮕﻟا سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙـﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎـﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ اﺪـﺟ

7هﺪﺷ ﮏﯿﮐ زا ﺖﺳا ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ رد هﺪﺷ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﻨﻏور .

2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

2 - 1 - ﻪﯿﻟوا داﻮﻣ

ﺎﺑ مﺪﻨﮔ درآ ﻪﺟرد

جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا 77

% ، 14

% ،ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر ﺪـﺻرد 11

%

،ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ 5/

0

% و ﺮﺘﺴﮐﺎﺧ 28

% درآ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ زا بﻮﻃﺮﻣ ﻦﺗﻮﻠﮔ

ﺎﺿر ) نﺎﭼﻮﻗ ناﺮﯾا ، ( ﺪﺷ يراﺪﯾﺮﺧ .

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا ﺮﮑﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﻨﻗ

) ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ناﺮﯾا ، ( ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﻏور ، ﺑ

ﺮﻬﺸﻬ ) ﺮﻬﺸﻬﺑ ناﺮﯾا ، ( و

ﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا ردﻮﭘ ﮓﻨﯿﮑ ﺶﺧرﻮﻫ

) ناﺮﯾا ،رﻮﺑﺎﺸﯿﻧ (

ﻪـﯿﻬﺗ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ .

ﻢﺨﺗ غﺮﻤﯿﺳ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا غﺮﻣ )

ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﭼﻮﻗ (

زا ترﻮـﻨﯾا ﺖﺑﺮـﺷ ،

ﺎﻧﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ )

ناﺮﯾا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ (

ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﮐﺮـﺷ زا ﺰﮐﻮـﻠﮔ ﺖﺑﺮـﺷ ،

سﻮﺗ ) ناﺮـﯾا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ (

ﻪﻓﻮﮑـﺷ شﻮـﻧرذآ ﺖﮐﺮـﺷ زا ﮏـﯿﮐ لژ ،

) ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ (

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا ﻞﯿﻧاو ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ، ) IFF

كرﺎﻤﻧاد ( ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ،

ﺖﺸﮐ رﺎـﮔآ لﻮـﮑﯿﻨﯿﻔﻣاﺮﻠﮐ ﺰﮐﻮـﻠﮔ ﺮـﻤﺨﻣ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺖﮐﺮـﺷ زا8

كﺮﻣ ) نﺎﻤﻟآ ( زا ﻦﯾﺮﺴﯿﻠﮔ ، ﺖﮐﺮﺷ

ﻞﯿﮔرﺎﮐ ) يﺰﻟﺎـﻣ ( يراﺪـﯾﺮﺧ

ﺪﺷ . ،ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ نﻮﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ترﻮـﺻ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻂﺧ زا يا

ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ كﺮﻬﺷ رد ﻊﻗاو ﺗ

سﻮ

) ناﺮﯾا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ (

لﻮﺼﺤﻣ رﺎﺒﻧا زا ﻊﻤﺟ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يروآ .

2 - 2 - هدﺎــﻣآ ﻪــﯿﻟوا نﻮﯿﺴــﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ يزﺎــﺳ

و

ﺺﻟﺎﺧ يزﺎﺳ

10 بﺎﯿــﺳآ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﮏــﯿﮐ ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا مﺮــﮔ )

لﺪــﻣ ،ﺲﮑﻨﯿﻟﻮــﻣ

LM24214A ﻪﺴﻧاﺮﻓ ،

( ﮏﯿﺘﭙﺳا ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻫ

ﻮ و نژﻮـﻣ ﻪـﺑ

90 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﻞﯾﺮﺘـﺳا ﺮﺗاو نﻮﺘﭙﭘ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ 1/

0 % تﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ و ﻪﻓﺎـﺿا 30

تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 100

ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ رود )

ﺲﮑﻤﯿﻧﻮﯾ 1010

،ﻒﻟوﺪـﯿﻫ ،

نﺎﻤﻟآ ( ﺪﺷ هدﺰﻤﻫ .

ﺖﻗر يﺎﻫ 1/

0 و 01 /0 شور ﻪﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا

ﺰﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﺮﻤﺨﻣ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يور ﯽﺤﻄﺳ لﻮـﮑﯿﻨﯿﻔﻣاﺮﻠﮐ

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺸﮐ رﺎﮔآ 5

ﺎﺗ 7 يﺎﻣد رد زور 25

ﻪـﺟرد

داﺮــﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎــﺳ ﻪــﻧﺎﺨﻣﺮﮔ

ﺪــﯾدﺮﮔ يراﺬــﮔ ]

29 - 27 [.

رﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ

ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﮏـﭙﮐ يزﺎـﺳ سﻮﺗﺎـﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙـﺳآ

ﮏـﺗ شور زا

ندﺮﮐ رﻮﭙﺳا ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 9

. راﺪﻘﻣ ﺲﻧآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ

يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ ار چرﺎﻗ رﻮﭙﺳا زا ﯽﻤﮐ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ

7. extracted

8. Yeast Extract Glucose Chloramphenicol Agar (YGC) 9. Single spore

ﺎﻣﻮﺗ مﻻ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ نآ ﺖﻗر 10

. ﻪـﺑ زا ﺲﭘ

ﻂﯿـﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ نﻮﯿﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ زا يا هﺮﻄﻗ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﻗر ندروآ ﺖﺳد ﺪـﺷ هداد لﺎـﻘﺘﻧا ﻞـﮑﯿﻨﻔﻣاﺮﻠﮐ يوﺎـﺣ رﺎﮔآ ﺮﺗاو ﺖﺸﮐ .

زا ﺲـﭘ

ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺪﺷر ﯽﻨﻠﮐ زا يراﺪﻘﻣ ،مزﻻ نﺎﻣز ﺖﺷﺬﮔ رد رﺎﮔآ زوﺮﺘﺴﮐد ﻮﺘﯿﺗﻮﭘ 3

تﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ و ﺪـﺷ هداد لﺎـﻘﺘﻧا ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ

7 5– يﺎﻣد رد زور 25

ﻪﺟرد داﺮـﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪـﻧﺎﺨﻣﺮﮔ

يراﺬـﮔ

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ] 30 [.

ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ سﻮﺗﺎـﮕﯿﻣﻮﻗ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ

ﻦﯿـﯿﻌﺗ و ﺮﮕﯾﺪـﮑﯾ زا

نآ ﺖﯾﻮﻫ ﺎﻫ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ و ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮐﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻨﻠﮐ ﺎـﻫ مﺎـﺠﻧا ﺪـﺷ . ﮏـﭙﮐ ﻪـﯿﻟوا ﺺﯿﺨﺸـﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ،ﻪـﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﺖﺸـﭘ و ﺢﻄـﺳ ﮓـﻧر ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮐﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺎﯾ فﺎﺻ ،نآ يور ﺰﮐﺮﻤﻟاﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﺮﯾاود ﺎﯾ و ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ طﻮﻄﺧ ﻦﺘﺷاد

ﻦﯿﭼ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ،يردﻮﭘ ،يزﺮﭘ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﺘﺷاد ،ﯽﻨﻠﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ ندﻮﺑ راد ،يا

و ﯽﻠﻤﺨﻣ ...

ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . ﺲﭙﺳ ﻖﯿﻗد ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﺮﺗ

ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ شور ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

» يور ﺖﺸﮐ مﻻ

11« مﺎﺠﻧا

ﺪﺷ ] 31 [.

2 - 3 - ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ

ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ aw

يﺎﻫﺪـﺻرد يوﺎﺣ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ رد ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ،

لوﺮﺴﯿﻠﮔ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ]

32 [ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نآ راﺪﻘﻣ و ﻞﺣ aw

ﺮﺘﻣ

) ﺲﯾﻮﺳ ،دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺮﺘﺴﻣ ﺐﻟ ،ﺎﻨﯾزاﻮﻧ (

ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ 003 /0 ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ±

ﺪﺷ ] 33 [.

20 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ هﺪـﺷ ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳا

) يﺎـﻣد 121

ﻪﺟرد ﻧﺎﺳ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 15 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ( ﺖﯿﻠﭘ نورد ﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

ﺎﺑ ﻞﯾﺮ

ﺮﻄﻗ 8 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺨﯾر ﺮﺘﻣ .

2 - 4 - هدﺎﻣآ ﺢﯿﻘﻠﺗ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يزﺎﺳ

ﻪــﯿﻬﺗ رﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﻂﯿــﺤﻣ

يﺎــﻫ

،رﻮﭙــﺳا زا ﯽــﻨﻏ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙــﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ تﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﮏـﯿﮐ زا هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ

7 يﺎـﻣد رد زور 25

ﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻮﺘﯿﺗﻮﭘ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يور

زوﺮﺘﺴﮐد ﺪﺷر رﺎﮔآ

اد ﺪﺷ هد . لﻮﺗﺎﭙـﺳا ﮏـﯾ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺸـﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ نآ زا ﺲﭘ ﻞﯾﺮﺘـﺳا يژﻮـﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ مﺮـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﭙـﺳا و ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷادﺮﺑ ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳا

يوﺎﺣ 5/

0 ﺪﺻرد ) ﯽﻤﺠﺣ / ﯽﻤﺠﺣ ( ﻦﯿﺋﻮﺗ 80 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا .

ﻪﺑ

نﻮﯿﺴـﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ ،ﯽﻔﯾﺎـﻫ تﺎـﻌﻄﻗ و ﯽﻓﺎـﺿا تارذ فﺬﺣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﺪﺷ هداد رﻮﺒﻋ ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳا ﻒﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﻪﯾﻻ رﺎﻬﭼ زا ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﮕﺷرﺎﻤﺷ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ رﻮﭙﺳ رﺎﺑﻮﺌﻧ

ﺪﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا 12

] 34 [.

10.Thoma slide 11. Slide culture

12. Neubauer counting chamber

(4)

2 - 5 - نﻮﯿﺳﺎﺑﻮﮑﻧا

ﺖﯿﻠﭘ برد ﺢﯿﻘﻠﺗ زا ﺲﭘ فﺮـﻇ نورد و ﻪﺘﺴـﺑ ،ﻢﻠﯿﻓارﺎـﭘ ﺎـﺑ ﺎﻫ

دﻮﺷ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ اﻮﻫ لدﺎﺒﺗ زا ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ .

ﺖـﻬﺟ

ﻢﺠﺣ ،نﻮﯿﺳﺎﺑﻮﮑﻧا ﯽﻃ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻪﮕﻧ لدﺎﻌﺘﻣ لوﺮﺴﯿﻠﮔ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ زا يدﺎﯾز ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ )

ﺎﺑ aw

ﺖﺸـﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ (

ﺖﯿﻠﭘ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ راﺮـﻗ ﯽﮑﯿﺘـﺳﻼﭘ فﺮـﻇ نورد ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺪــﺷ هداد . ﻂﯿــﺤﻣ يوﺎــﺣ فﺮــﻇ ﺲﭙــﺳ ﺖــﻬﺟ ﺖﺸــﮐ يﺎــﻫ

ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻣﺮﮔ يﺎـﻫرﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮﮑﻧا ﻪﺑ يراﺬﮔ 15

، 25 و 30 ﻪـﺟرد ﯽﺘﻧﺎـﺳ

داﺮــﮔ لﺎــﻣﺮﺗوﺰﯾا ﻂﯾاﺮــﺷ ﺖــﺤﺗ )

°C 2/

0 (± ﻞــﺻاﻮﻓ ﺎــﺑ 5

ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ يﺮﺘﻣ ) 20 تراﺮـﺣ ﻪـﺟرد ﺮـﻫ رد ﺖﯿﻠﭘ (

ﺪـﺷ ﻞـﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺪﻧ

] 36 - 35 [.

2 - 6 - ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﻧز

ﻪــﻧاﻮﺟ ﮏــﭙﮐ ﯽــﻧز سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙــﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎــﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ تاﺪﻫﺎﺸــﻣ ﺎــﺑ

ﯽﻨﻠﮐ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺎﻫ

يرﻮـﻧ پﻮﮑـﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ )

مﺎـﺳﺮﯾو

ﺎﻘﯾﺮﻓآ ،ﮏﯿﻔﯿﺘﻨﯾﺎﺳ (

مﺮﻧ و ﻮﻨﯾد ﻦﯿﺑرود ﻪﺑ ﺰﻬﺠﻣ ﺮﭽﭙﮐ ﻮﻨﯾد راﺰﻓا

) نﺎﻤﻟآ ،ﺲﯿﺋز (

ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .ﭘ ﺖﯿﻠ ﺪﺻرد ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ يﺎﻫرﻮﭙﺳا ز

ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ هد .

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻦﯾرﺎﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻖﺒﻃ )

1998 ( ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ رﻮﭙـﺳا ، ﻪـﺑ هدز

لﻮﻃ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ قﻼﻃا يرﻮﭙﺳا ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ

گرﺰﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ يوﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﯾ ﺮﺗ

گرﺰﺑ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ رﻮﭙـﺳا دﺎـﻌﺑا ﻦﯾﺮـﺗ ]

37 [ . رﻮﭙـﺳا ﺪـﺻرد

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻞﯾذ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ هدز :

) 1 (

100 × ) رﻮﭙﺳا ﻞﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ /

هدز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ رﻮﭙﺳا داﺪﻌﺗ

=(

ﯽﻧز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد

زا لﺪﻣ ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ) 13

ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ 2 ( و ﮏﯿﺘﺴﯿﺟﻮﻟ ) 14

ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ 3 ( ﻪﺑ

ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا شزاﺮﺑ تﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ]

38 و 39 [ .

) 2 (

) 3 (

نآ رد ﻪـــﮐ ﺎـــﻫ

و A Pmax

ﻪـــﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪـــﺻرد ﺮﺜﮐاﺪـــﺣ ﯽـــﻧز

) ﻊــﻗاﻮﻣ ﺐــﻠﻏا رد 100

% ﺖــﺳا ( ؛

g

و ﺖﻋﺮــﺳ ﻢﻤﯾﺰﮐﺎــﻣ k

13. Gompertz 14. Logistic

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻧز ) d^-1 ( ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﭙـﺳا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﺐﯿﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷر ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻧ رﻮﻃ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

؛ﺪﯾآ

g

زﺎﻓ يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ) (d ؛

نﺎﻣز  ) (d ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ رد Pmax

= ؛P نﺎـﻣز t ) (d و e=exp (1)

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

2 - 7 - ﺪﺷر ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ

ﺖﯿﻠﭘ ﺎﻫ ) ﺮـﻄﻗ ﺎـﺑ 80 ﯽـﻠﯿﻣ ﺮـﺘﻣ ( نﻮﯿـﺳﺎﺑﻮﮑﻧا ﯽـﻃ ﻞـﺻاﻮﻓ رد

ﺺﺨﺸﻣ و ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ عﺎﻌﺷ

نآ ﯽﻨﻠﮐ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷ . ﻢﻤﯾﺰﮐﺎﻣ ﺪﺷر ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ

) ﯽﻠﯿﻣ زور رد ﺮﺘﻣ (

تﺪـﻣ و

زﺎﻓ نﺎﻣز ﺧﺄﺗ يﺮﯿ يﺮﻫﺎﻇ ) 15

زور ( ﺎـﺑ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﯽـﻄﺧ نﻮﯿـﺳﺮﮔر

ﺪﺷر ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﯽﻄﺧ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻖﺒﻃ و

4 ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ]

40 [ :

R_t = _m (t-m) (4)

نآ رد ﻪﮐ نﺎﻣز t

) زور ( ، Rt

نﺎﻣز رد ﯽﻨﻠﮐ عﺎﻌﺷ ) t

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮـﺘﻣ ( ،

m

نﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ﻂﺧ ﺐﯿﺷ )

ﺪﺷر ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻢﻤﯾﺰﮐﺎﻣ (

و

m

نﺎـﻣز

زﺎﻓ يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ﺪﺷر ياﺮﺑ يﺮﻫﺎﻇ )

زور ( ﺖﺳا .

هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ نﺎﻣز ﺪﺷر

) tvg

( ﯽﻨﻠﮐ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﮏﯾ رد ﯽـﻨﻠﮐ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

3 ﯽـﻠﯿﻣ ﺮـﺘﻣ

ﺪﺷ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺖﺳا ]

41 :[

tvg = m + 1.5 /m ⁽⁵⁾

نآ رد ﻪﮐ

m

و

m

ﻮﯿـﺳﺮﮔر سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ هدز ﻦﯿـﻤﺨﺗ ﯽـﻄﺧ ن

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ .

2 - 8 - يرﺎﻣآ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ

يرﺎﻣآ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ

مﺮـﻧ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ راﺰـﻓا

Minitab

ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺢﻄـﺳ رد و ﯽﮐﻮـﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ يراد 5 % ﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ مﺮـﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎ

ﻞﺴـﮐا راﺰـﻓا

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻢﺳر .

ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ هزاﺪﻧا ي ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد ﻞﻣﺎﺷ هﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻧز

و ﺪﺷر ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ مﻮﯿﻠﺴﯿﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﺎﻣد

ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد .

ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ شزاﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ي ﯽـﻧز سﺎـﺳا ﺮـﺑ

لﺪﻣ مﺮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﮏﯿﺘﺴﺟﻮﻟ و ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ راﺰﻓا

curveexpert

professional )

ﻧ ﻪﺨﺴ 2.5.3 ( ﯽﻨﺤﻨﻣ و ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﺪـﺷر يﺎـﻫ

مﺮﻧ ﻞﺴﮐا راﺰﻓا ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺗ

ﺪﺷ . ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا لﺪﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ شزاﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﻄﺧ تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺸﯾر )

R² ( ﺪﺷ هدز ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ .

15. Apparent lag time

(5)

3 - و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺚﺤﺑ

3 - 1 - ﯽــﺑآ ﺖــﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮــﺛا ﺎــﻣد و

ﺮــﺑ ﻞــﯾﺎﻓوﺮﭘ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻧز سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ

Fig 1 Germination of Aspergillus fumigatus as a function of aw at: (a) 15, (b) 25 and (c) 30 °C

ﻞﮑﺷ 1 ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ، ود ﻦﯾا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا و ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،ﺎﻣد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻞﯾﺎﻓوﺮﭘ ﺮﺑ -

ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻧز سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ راد

دﻮﺑ ) 05 /0

<

.(P ﺎـﺑ ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ تراﺮـﺣ ﻪـﺟرد رد ﯽـﻠﮐ رﻮـﻃ ﻪﺑ

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا aw

زﺎﻓ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻧز

ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﻤﺘﯾرﺎﮕﻟ زﺎﻓ رد .

يﺎﻫ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﻪﯿﻠﮐ رد ﺎﻣا

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ،ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ درﻮﻣ رد ﯽﻧز

65 /0 = aw

ﯽﻃ 60 هﺪﻫﺎﺸـﻣ زور

ﺪﺸــﻧ . ﻪــﻧاﻮﺟ يﺎــﻣد رد ﯽــﻧز 15

ﻪــﺟرد داﺮــﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎــﺳ و

75 /0 - 7/

0 = aw

ﺪـﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﯽـﻤﯾﻼﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺐﯿﺷ ﺎﺑ و دﺮـﮐ ا

ﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺘﯾﺎﻬﻧ 6/

21 ﯽﻟا 4/

34 ﺪﯿﺳر ﺪﺻرد .

ﻞﮑﺷ 2 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ، تراﺮـﺣ ﻪﺟرد رد ار ﯽﻧز

15 ﺎـﺗ 37 و

ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ 65

/0 ﺎﺗ 9/

0 ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫد . تﺎـﺷراﺰﮔ ﻢـﻏر ﯽـﻠﻋ

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و كﻮﮔ )

2003 ( تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هدﺮﮐ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﮐ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﯽـﺑآ ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ رﻮﭙـﺳا ﯽـﻧز

ﺖــﺳا توﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ]

42 [ ﯽﻣﺎــﻤﺗ رد ﺎــﻣد ﻪــﯿﻨﻬﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ ﻦــﯾا رد ،

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻣد ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﺑآ يﺎﻫ 25

دﻮـﺑ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد .

ﯽـﻨﻌﻣ توﺎـﻔﺗ ﻪـﮐ داد نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺲﻧﺎـﯾراو ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯿـﺑ يراد

ﻪﺟرد و ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ ﺮـﺑ ود ﻦـﯾا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا و تراﺮﺣ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻧز سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ

دراد دﻮﺟو )

05 /0

<

.(P تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﻪﯿﻠﮐ رد ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻧز

و ﺖـﺳا ﯽﻤﺘﯾرﺎـﮕﻟ زﺎـﻓ ياﺪﺘﺑا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا اﺪﺘﺑا ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺞﯾرﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻤﺘﯾرﺎﮕﻟ زﺎﻓ يﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد ﺲﭙﺳ ﻦـﯾا ﺎﺗ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﺛ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ نﻮﮑﺳ زﺎﻓ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳر

. ﺰﯿﻧ ﻼﺒﻗ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ نﺎﻤﻫ

ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا ناﺪﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ

ﯽـﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد ﯽﻧز 9/

0

دﺎﺘﻓا قﺎﻔﺗا .

يﺎﻣد ﺰﯿﻧ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد 25

ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد

ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ داﺮﮔ ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﮏـﭙﮐ ﯽـﻧز

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ دﻮﺑ

.

Time [day]

(6)

Fig 2 Germination rate of Aspergillus fumigatus as a function of aw at: (a) 15, (b) 25 and (c) 30°C

3 - 2 - زﺎﻓ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ

ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﯽـﻧز

ﮏﭙﮐ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ سﻮﺗﺎـﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ

ﻂﯾاﺮـﺷ ﺖـﺤﺗ

ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و تراﺮﺣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

Fig 3 Lag phase for germination of Aspergillus fumigatus base on Gompertz model as a function of

aw and temperature. Letters indicate significant changes within each temperature (P< 0.05) ﻞﮑﺷ

3 ﻧ ، ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸ و ﯽـﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﺎﻣد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ود ﻦﯾا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ يراد

زﺎﻓ يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ) زور ( ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﮏـﭙﮐ ﯽﻧز سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙـﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎـﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ

ﺪﺷ ) 05 /0

<

.(P ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻫ رد

تراﺮـﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﺎـﺑ ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ

زﺎﻓ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ

يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸﭼ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ندﻮﺑ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﻫد

سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ

رد aw

ﺖـﺳا ﻻﺎـﺑ ]

37 [ . رد ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ

aw

هﺎﺗﻮﮐ ،نﺎﺴﮑﯾ زﺎﻓ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ يﺎﻣد 25 ﻪﺟرد

داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و

يﺎﻣد نآ ﻦﯾ 30

ﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ دﻮـﺑ

. ﻪـﺑ

يﺎـﻣد رد ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ 25

ﻪـﺟرد داﺮـﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎـﺳ و

9/

0 aw = زﺎـﻓ

يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ﮏﭙﮐ و دﻮﺑ هﺎﺗﻮﮐ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﻤﺘﯾرﺎﮕﻟ زﺎﻓ دراو ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . يﺎﻣد رد ﺲﮑﻌﻟﺎﺑ 30

ﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ و

7/

0 aw = زﺎﻓ

يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻧز ﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ 16 ﺪﯿﻣﺎﺠﻧا لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ زور .

رﻮـﻃ نﺎﻤﻫ

ﮐ ﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا ﻼﺒﻗ ﻪ 65

/0 aw = ﻪﯿﻠﮐ رد تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد زا ﻊﻧﺎـﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ دﻮﺑ ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز .

Time [day]

(7)

3 - 3 - ﺪـﺷر ﺮـﺑ ﺎـﻣد و ﯽـﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا

ﮏﭙﮐ مﻮﯿﻠﺴﯿﻣ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ

ﻞﮑﺷ 4 مﻮﯿﻠﺴـﯿﻣ ﺪـﺷر ﺮـﺑ ار ﯽـﺑآ ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺛا ، سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙـﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد رد

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻫد

) 05 /0

<

.(P ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ نﺎﻤﻫ رد ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ ﯽﻋﺎﻌـﺷ ﺪـﺷر دﻮـﺷ

9/

0 - 8/

0 aw = ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ هزﺎﺑ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

aw

دﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﺪﺷر ﺐﯿﺷ .

ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﺪﺷر ﺖﻋﺮﺳ

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ

aw

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ يراد

) 05 /0

<

(P دﺮـﮐ ﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ )

ﻞﮑـﺷ 5 .(

ﺪـﻧور

ﺪﺷر ﺖﻋﺮﺳ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺰﯿﻧ مﻮﻠﯿﺴﯿﻣ

ﯽـﻧز

ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يﺪﻨﺗ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺐﯿﺷ ﺎﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا )

ﯽﻤﺘﯾرﺎﮕﻟ زﺎﻓ ياﺪﺘﺑا (

و

ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻣارآ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ )

ﯽﻤﺘﯾرﺎﮕﻟ زﺎﻓ يﺎﻬﺘﻧا .(

ﻪـﺟرد رد

رد ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ تراﺮﺣ 9/

0 - 85 /0 aw = مﻮﯿﻠﺴـﯿﻣ ﺪـﺷر

ك ﺪـﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ حﻮﺿو ﻪﺑ يﺎـﻣد رد نآ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪـﺣ ه

25 ﻪـﺟرد

ﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ دا و 9/

0 aw = دﻮﺑ .

Fig 4 Effect of aw and temperature on the logarithmic phase of radii growth of Aspergillus fumigatus at: (a) 15, (b) 25 and (c) 30°C

لوﺪﺟ 1،

ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙـﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎـﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ رد ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز

ﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ترا يﺎﻫ 15 ﺎـﺗ 30 نﺎﺸـﻧ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫد . نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و ﻦﯾرﺎـﻣ ﻪـﮐ رﻮـﻃ نﺎﻤﻫ )

1998 ( شراﺰـﮔ

هدﺮﮐ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺪﻧا aw

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ زا ﺮـﺘﻤﮐ ﯽـﻧز

ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ aw

ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺘﺴـﺑاو ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾا و ﺖﺳا ﺪﺷر ياﺮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ

تراﺮـﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﯽـﻣ

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ] 37 [ . ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ aw

ياﺮـﺑ زﺎـﯿﻧ درﻮـﻣ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻧز سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ ﯽﯾﺎﻣد هزﺎﺑ رد

15 ﺎـﺗ

25 ﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ

7/

0 دﻮﺑ ) لوﺪﺟ 1 ( . ﻦـﯾا ﺖـﺤﺗ زﺎﻓ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ

يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ندز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ 12

ﺎـﺗ 16 ﻪـﺑ زور

ﺪﯿﻣﺎﺠﻧا لﻮﻃ .

ﺎﺗ ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا 30

ﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ

aw

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ دﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﻧز

) 8/

0 .(

ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﯽـﻨﻌﻣ ﻦـﯾا

ﻪــﻧاﻮﺟ ﺮــﺑ ﯽــﻔﻨﻣ ﺮــﺛا ﺎــﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰــﻓا ﯽــﻧز

ﮏــﭙﮐ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙــﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ ﺖﺷاد

. ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﺎﻣا aw

ﮏـﭙﮐ ﺪـﺷر ياﺮﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ

ﻪﯿﻠﮐ رد تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﺎـﻫ

) 15 ﺎـﺗ 30

ﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ (

ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 8/

0 ﻦـﯾا ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﺎـﺑ دﺪـﻋ

ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﺑ

دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ]

43 و 44 [.

Time [day]

(8)

Fig 4 Growth rate of Aspergillus fumigatus as a function of aw at: (a) 15, (b) 25 and (c) 30°C Table 1 the minimum aw for germination and growth of Aspergillus fumigatus at different

temperature

Temperature [°C] 15 25 30

Minimum aw for germination 0.7 0.7 0.8

Minimum aw for growth 0.8 0.8 0.8

Table 2 Parameters estimates of the Gompertz model for the germination data of A. fumigatus

A (%) µg (d^-1) ƛg (d) ti (d)

Temp (°C) aw

Value t 95% CI Value t 95% CI Value t 95% CI Value 95% CI P(ti) (%) R²

15 0.65 - - - -

0.70 22.1 134.6 21.7-22.4 1.3 43.1 1.2-1.3 15.4 79.6 15.0-15.8 21.9 21.6-22.1 8.11 0.999 0.75 34.6 177.8 34.1-35.2 2.4 45.5 2.3-2.5 12.9 78.8 12.4-13.3 18.4 12.2-24.5 12.74 0.999 0.80 99.8 192.1 98.7-100.8 16.8 27.0 15.5-18.1 4.7 39.4 4.5-5.0 6.9 6.6-7.2 36.7 0.998 0.85 100.1 301.3 99.3-100.8 17.3 41.2 16.2-18.2 2.9 40.9 2.8-3.1 5.1 4.9-5.3 36.8 0.998 0.90 100.0 291.1 99.2-100.7 27.0 31.2 25.1-28.9 1.5 23.2 1.4-1.6 2.9 2.6-3.1 36.8 0.997

25 0.65 - - - -

0.70 100.7 122.3 98.6-102.7 4.4 48.0 4.2-4.6 14.9 70.8 14.3-15.4 23.3 23.3 37.0 0.998 0.75 101.0 109.2 99.0-102.9 4.3 44.0 4.1-4.5 11.4 46.8 10.9-11.9 20.1 19.6-20.5 37.1 0.999 0.80 100.0 286.6 99.3-100.8 17.3 38.5 16.4-18.2 2.6 34.6 2.4-2.7 4.7 4.6-4.9 36.8 0.999 0.85 99.9 298.6 99.1-100.6 35.5 27.5 32.7-38.3 1.2 21.0 1.0-1.3 2.2 1.9-2.5 36.7 0.996 0.90 100.1 438.6 99.6-100.5 34.8 35.2 32.7-36.8 0.2 3.7 0.1-0.3 1.2 1.2-1.3 36.8 0.996

30 0.65 - - - -

0.70 0.5 144.0 0.48-0.5 0.03 43.6 0.03 15.9 90.0 15.5-16.3 21.6 20.4-22.9 0.2 0.998 0.75 5.70 229.6 5.6-5.7 0.3 70.3 0.3-0.4 14.3 122.7 14.0-14.5 20.4 17.8-23.0 2.1 1 0.80 99.9 210.4 98.9-100.9 7.2 56.1 6.9-7.5 11.0 86.2 10.7-11.3 16.2 15.9-16.4 36.8 0.999 0.85 100.3 567.3 99.9-100.6 13.9 88.2 13.5-14.2 4.2 98.0 4.1-4.3 6.9 6.9 36.9 1

0.90 100.3 322.2 99.7-101.0 18.5 41.8 17.6-19.5 2.2 33.8 2.1-2.4 4.3 3.5-5.0 36.9 0.999

Time [day]

(9)

Table 3 Parameters estimates of the Lojestic model for the germination data of A. fumigatus

Pmax (%) k (d^-1) t (d)

Temp (°C) aw

Value t 95% CI Value t 95% CI Value t 95% CI P(ti) (%) R²

15 0.65 - - - -

0.70 21.6 98.7 21.1-22.0 0.3 26.9 0.2 - 0.3 24.4 134.3 24.1-24.8 10.8 0.998 0.75 33.9 87.3 33.0-34.9 0.3 19.5 0.26-0.33 20.6 94.0 20.1-21.1 17.0 0.995 0.80 99.1 169.3 97.8-100.3 0.7 21.1 0.6-0.8 7.9 100.5 7.7-8.1 49.5 0.997 0.85 99.6 132.6 98.0-101.1 0.7 17.1 0.6-0.8 6.1 57.6 5.8-6.3 49.8 0.994 0.90 99.7 154.0 98.3-101.0 1.1 15.3 0.9-1.2 3.5 50.9 3.3-3.6 49.8 0.991

25 0.65 - - - -

0.70 96.6 69.9 93.8-99.5 0.2 21.3 0.18-0.22 26.2 90.3 25.6-26.8 48.3 0.996 0.75 97.4 71.0 94.5-100.2 0.2 22.7 0.17-0.21 23.2 78.9 22.5-23.8 48.7 0.995 0.80 99.4 164.8 98.2-100.7 0.7 20.3 0.6-0.8 5.7 68.4 5.5-5.8 49.7 0.996 0.85 99.6 154.8 98.2-100.9 1.4 13.2 1.2-1.6 2.7 43.9 2.5-2.8 49.8 0.987 0.90 99.9 476.8 99.5-100.4 1.2 34.8 1.2-1.3 1.7 75.2 1.6-1.7 50.0 0.997

30 0.65 - - - -

0.70 0.5 69.1 0.46-0.49 0.3 17.9 0.2 - 0.3 23.9 97.1 23.4-24.5 0.2 0.994 0.75 5.6 85.5 5.4-5.7 0.3 22.6 0.2-0.3 22.8 108.1 22.3-23.2 2.8 0.997 0.80 97.8 98.9 95.8-99.9 0.3 22.3 0.27-0.33 18.2 98.7 17.9-18.6 48.9 0.997 0.85 99.6 186.7 98.5-100.7 0.6 25.8 0.5-0.6 8.0 103.3 7.9-8.2 49.8 0.998 0.90 99.8 275.9 99.0-100.6 0.8 31.8 0.7-0.8 5.2 109.9 5.1-5.2 49.9 0.998

3 - 4 - ﺎﻫ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ

ﺟ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ هﺪﺷ هدز ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﻧاﻮ

ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻧز سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ

سﻮﺗﺎﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ لﺪﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ

لوﺪﺟ رد ﮏﯿﺘﺴﺟﻮﻟ و ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ

2 و 3 هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧا

. لﺪـﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻒﯿـﺻﻮﺗ ياﺮـﺑ ﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ چرﺎﻗ رﻮﭙﺳا ﯽﻧز ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﺳر تﺎﺒﺛا ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

] 37 [ .

زا ﯽﺤﯿﺤﺻ ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ لﺪﻣ ود ﺮﻫ )A

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﯽـﻧز

(

ار هداد ﻪﺋارا ﺪﻧا درﻮﻣ ود ﺮﻫ رد اﺮﯾز 95

ﺪﺻرد نﺎـﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﻪﻠـﺻﺎﻓ

) ( CI زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ 100 ﺖﺳا ﺪﺻرد .

دﺪﻋ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا ﺸﯿﺑ t

و ﺮﺘ

ﺮﺘﻤﮐ نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻖﯿﻗد ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ

] 39 [ . ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎـﯿﻣ

دﺪــﻋ ياﺮــﺑ t

g

) 30 / 48 ( دﺪــﻋ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎــﯿﻣ زا ﺮــﺘﻤﮐ ياﺮــﺑ t



) 85 / 72 ( ﺖﺳا . ﺪـﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ه

لﺪﻣ زا ﮏﯿﺘﺴﯿﺟﻮﻟ ﻖﯿﻗد ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ

لﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺗ ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮـﮔ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﻪــﻟدﺎﻌﻣ سﺎــﺳا ﺮــﺑ ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮــﮔ ﻪــﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻒــﻄﻋ ﻪــﻄﻘﻧ ti =

g+A/(m×e(1)) ﻪـﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻒـﻄﻋ ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ ﺎـﺑ و ﺪـﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ

ﮏﯿﺘﺴﺟﻮﻟ )

( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ .

رد دراﻮﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ti

زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ دﻮﺑ  .

،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﻫرﻮﭙﺳا مﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﺟ ﺪﺻرد

ﯽـﻧز ﻪﻧاﻮ

P(ti) و ﺎـﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐـﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻒﻄﻋ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ردP() 37

و ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮﮔ لﺪﻣ رد ﺪﺻرد 50

% دﻮﺑ ﮏﯿﺘﺴﺟﻮﻟ لﺪﻣ رد .

4 - ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ

رد ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و يﺬﻐﻣ داﻮﻣ زا ندﻮﺑ ﯽﻨﻏ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯽﻨﻏور ﮏﯿﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫﺮﻤﺨﻣ و ﮏﭙﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ دﺎﺴﻓ ضﺮﻌﻣ .

و ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺟرد

تراﺮﺣ ﺘﻨﮐ رد يﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ود هدروآﺮـﻓ ﻦـﯾا ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ناﺰﯿﻣ لﺮ

ﯽــﻣ رﺎﻤــﺷ ﻪــﺑ دور

. ﻪــﻧاﻮﺟ ﻂﯾاﺮــﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ ﻦــﯾا رد ﯽــﻧز

ﺪﺷر و ﺎﻫرﻮﭙﺳﻮﯾﺪﯿﻧﻮﮐ ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ

ﮏﭙﮐ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ سﻮﺗﺎـﮕﯿﻣﻮﻓ

اﺪﺟ ﮏﯿﮐ زا هﺪﺷ ﯽﻨﻏور

ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد

ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و

ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ YGC

. نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

ﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا و ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،ﺎﻣد ﻪﮐ داد ﯽـﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ود ﻦﯾا ﻞﺑﺎ

يراد

ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ رد ﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﮏـﭙﮐ مﻮﯿﻠﺴـﯿﻣ ﺪـﺷر و ﯽـﻧز

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . زﺎﻓ يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻧز

ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ناﺰﯿﻣ زا ﺮﺛﺎﺘﻣ يا

ﻪـﺟرد ﯽـﺑآ ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و تراﺮـﺣ

دﻮﺑ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ .

ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺎـﺑ ،ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻣد رد ﻪﮐ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ

ﻣز تﺪﻣ ،ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﻓ نﺎ

يﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖـﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﯽﻧز .

ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ

، هﺎﺗﻮﮐ زﺎـﻓ نﺎـﻣز ﻦﯾﺮـﺗ يﺮﯿﺧﺄـﺗ

يﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ 25

ﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ دﻮـﺑ

. رد ﻂﯾاﺮـﺷ ﻦﯿـﻤﻫ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ صﻮﺼﺧ ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز

ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﺪـﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸـﻣ .

ﻪـﺑ

ﯽــﺑآ ﺖــﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد ﻪــﮐ ﺪــﺷ ﺺﺨﺸــﻣ ﯽــﻠﮐ رﻮــﻃ 65

/0 ﮏــﭙﮐ

ﻫ ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯽﻄﯾاﺮﺷ ﭻﯿ ﺪﻧز

. رد

لﺪﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﺘﺴﺟﻮﻟ و ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ

ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺰﺗﺮﭙﻣﻮﮔ لﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ

ﻖﯿﻗد ﯽﻣ ﻪﺋارا يﺮﺗ ﺪﻫد

.

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5 - يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ

ﺪـﮐ ﺎـﺑ يﺮـﺘﮐد ﻪﻟﺎـﺳر زا جﺮﺨﺘﺴـﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻦـﯾا 3/

26331

ﯽــﻣ ﮋﭘ ﺖــﻧوﺎﻌﻣ زا ﻪــﻟﺎﻘﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴــﯾﻮﻧ ،ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺸــﻧاد ﯽﺸــﻫو

ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﯽﺳودﺮﻓ ﯽـﻣ ﺮﮑﺸﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻟﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ

-

ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ . ﺎﻧﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ )

ﮏـﯿﮐ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ (

ﺖـﻬﺟ

ﺖﮐﺮـﺷ و تﺎﺸـﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽـﺧﺮﺑ و ﺎـﻫ يرادﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد يرﺎﮑﻤﻫ نﺎــﻣرآ ﺎــﯿﮐ بﺎﻬــﺷ )

و دراﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳا ﻪﺴــﺳﻮﻣ رﺎــﮑﻤﻫ هﺎﮕﺸــﯾﺎﻣزآ

ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ (

ﻗ ،تﺎﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ ﯽـﻣ ﯽﻧادرﺪ

ددﺮﮔ .

6 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

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Investigating the germination and growth kinetic of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from cake under different conditions of a

_w

and

temperature

Nakhchian, H. ¹, Tabatabaee Yazdi, F. ², Mortazavi, S. A. ², Mohebbi, M. ²

1. Ph.D, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2. Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

ABSTRACT ARTIClE INFO

Article History:

Received 2019/ 12/ 30 Accepted 2020/ 02/ 15

Keywords:

Germination, Water activity, Mold, cake, Modelling.

The impact of aw (0.65-0.9), temperature (15-30°C) and their interaction on the germination and radius growth of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from cake was surveyed on Yeast Extract Glucose Chloramphenicol Agar (YGC-Agar) during 60 days as well as the capabilities of Gompertz and Logistic models for fitting data were explored. Rising aw (from 0.65 to 0.9) and temperature (from 15 to 25°C) caused significant enhancing of germination and growth rate of A. fumigatus (P <

0.05). However, in constant aws, further increasing of temperature (up to 30°C) led to meaningful decreasing of these parameters (P < 0.05). A. fumigatus did not germinate at aw 0.65. In addition, germination was observed at aw 0.7 and 0.75 only when the temperature was 15 and 25°C while the mycelium growth was not occurred at these conditions. Although the germination rate was relatively high at aw

0.8, the mycelium growth was very limited. The most amount of germination and radius growth was for aw 0.85 -0.9 and temperature 15-25°C (P < 0.05).

Consequently, the optimum growth of A. fumigatus was seen at aw 0.9 and temperature 25°C and the best shelf life of cake proved at aw < 0.7. Furthermore, fitting the growth curves demonstrated the more accuracy of Logistic model rather than Gomperts model.

DOI: 10.52547/fsct.18.05.24

*Corresponding Author E-Mail:

[email protected]

Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology

Homepage:www.fsct.modares.ir

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