íæ ƱřźƿřƾſŚƴƃƵźƄůƲưŬƳřƽ ƶƯŚƳ íé íæ æ èç æèîæ
ƶƫŚƤƯ ƾưƬƗƵŚţƺƧƽ
ħŻƹŶƄƠĩŢǀſŚƀůƾſŹźŝ
Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col.: Coccinellidae)
ƶŝ
ĨƫƹƲƛƹŹ
źŞŬƳŹƶǀưſ *
ƭŚƴƃƺųƾƬƗƹ
ǀūƽŻŹƹŚƄĩšŚƤǀƤŰţżĩźƯ ũƺƴƸĩƹŢƟź
ƾŤƀěơƹŶƴƇŢƟźǀū
ææê ìíëæê
ƾĪǀƳƹźŤĪƫřŢƀ욌ŞţŚĪƯƩƺŘƀƯ*
rangbar2007@yahoo.com
The susceptibility of the ladybird Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col.:
Coccinellidae) to volk oil
S. Rangbar* and A. Khoshnam
Agricultural Research Center of Jiroft and Kahnouj, P.O. Box 78615-115, Jiroft, Iran.
*Corresponding author, E-mail: rangbar2007@yahoo.com
Abstract
The susceptibility of the ladybird Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) to different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) of volk oil was studied. The 0.5% concentration was found to be harmless, while the 1.0% and 1.5% concentrations were slightly harmful. The adult males and females as well as the 3rd instar larvae of ladybird's mean feeding on Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) were about 6.15, 6.37 and 7.09 numbers in 24 hours respectively. The simultaneous application of volk oil and ladybird's release is recommended for an effective control of A. orientalis.
ưƷř ǀ ĩźţƝźƈƯƂƷŚĩŢ ǀ
ƃšŚŞ ǀư ǀŚ ƾƿ ƯƱŚŤųŹŵšŚƟōŚŝƵŻŹŚŞƯŹŵ ǀ
ƵŶƃŜūƺƯƵƺ
ƲƛƹŹƶĩŢſř
ƀŝŹŵŚƷ ǀ ŹŚ ƽ ŚūŵŹřƺƯŻř ƿ
żĮ ƿ ƃƭƺưſƲ ǀư
ǀŚ ƾƿ ŶƳƺƃ ĨƫƹƲƛƹŹ ƿĪ
ƾ Żř
ŹŚŬţƩŚĪƃř ƽ
ƲƛƹŹ ŚƷ ƽ ƟřŹŚěƵƹźĭ ǀƴ
ƾ ƶĩŢſřŹƺƄĩŹŵ ľLJƺưƘƯ
ŝƶ ƀƫƺƯřƲƛƹŹšŹƺƇ ǀ
Ʊƺ
ƹ ƶƫƺƯźƟ ƵŶƳƺƃ
ľŚţŶưƗ řźŝ ƽ ĩ ĨƄĜƃ ƩźŤƴ
ŚƷ ƽ ƵŵřƺƳŚų į
Diaspididae
ŝƶ ƹƿ ŵŹŻ ŹřŵźĜſ ƵĦ
ƣźƃ ƾ šŚŞĩźƯ
(Newstead) Aonidiella orientalis
ƹ ĨƄĜƃ ŚƷ ƽ ŵŹō ƶŤƃ ŵƺƫō ƶƴĩ ƹ ŚƷ ŚƷ ƽ
ĭǀ ƷŚ ƾ ƯƵŵŚƠŤſř ƾ ŵƺƃ
(Khalaf & Sokhansanj, 1992; Farid, 1993)
ŻřƾĪƿ ƵźƄůƶŝŢŞƀƳƲƛƹŹƲƿřƽŚƿřżƯ
Ƃĩ ƮĩŚƷ źƐų ƺŝ šřźƄůƹƱŚƀƳřƽřźŝƱōƱŵ
ŶǀƠƯ
ƶŝ ħŻƹŶƄƠĩƵĦƿƹ
Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.)
Ţſř
(Talebi Jahromi, 2007)
ƲƛƹŹ Żř
ƣźƃ ŵŹŻ ŹřŵźĜſ ƩźŤƴĩ ŢƸū Ĩƫƹ ƾ
šŚŞĩźƯ ſƹ ŮƐſ Źŵ ǀƘ
ƾ ƶƤƐƴƯ šŚŞĩźƯ šŚƛŚŝ Żř
į
ū ǀ ƯƵŵŚƠŤſřŢƟź ƾ
ŵƺƃ ưƷřƶŝƶūƺţŚŝ ǀ
Ţ Ʋƿř ħŻƹŶƄƠĩ ƶŝ
ƱřƺƴƗ ŞƏƲưƃŵ ǀƘ ƾ ŹƺĩŸƯŢƟō
ŢƟŚƿŹŵ æí í æèíí
ƁźƿŸě è í æèíî
ÕÏ ƶƫŚƤƯ
ƾưƬƗƵŚţƺƧƽ
řƶƤƐƴƯŹŵ ƿ
ƤŰţƲ ǀ ſŹźŝƝŶƷŚŝƢ ƾ
ŧŐţ ǀ ź Ʋƿř ƹŹƲƛƹŹ ƽ ħŻƹŶƄƠĩ ŹƺƧŸƯ
ƮƷƹ ƴģ ǀ ƯƲ ǀ Ʊřż
ŸƜţ ƿƶ į ƣźƃŵŹŻŹřŵźĜſŻřƱō ƾ
ŶƃƭŚŬƳřšŚŞĩźƯ
ƶŝ ŵŶƗƶſƶƿŸƜţƱřżǀƯƾſŹźŝŹƺƔƴƯ
ƵźƄů į
źƳƪƯŚĩ ŵŶƗƶſ
ƵźƄů į ƪƯŚĩ ƹƵŵŚƯ
ŵŶƗƶſ ƲſƹŹLJ ƭƺſ
ŻřƶĩħŻƹŶƄƠĩ ŹŚƸģ
ſ ŸƜţƪŞƣŢƗŚ ƿ
ŝŶƳŵƺŝƵŵźĪƳƶ ƶ
ƶƳŚĭřŶūŹƺƏ
ƹŹ ƽ īźŝ ŚƷ ƽ ƹŚůšŚŞĩźƯ ƽ
ÐÍ ƣźƃ ŵŹŻ ŹřŵźĜſ ƾ
źŤě ƪųřŵ Źŵ šŚŞĩźƯ ƽ
ŚƷ ƾƿ ŵŚƘŝř ƶŝ
Ò Î
Õ ŤƳŚſ ƾ ŶƃƵŵřŵŹřźƣźŤƯ ŶƳ
źƷ ƿ řŻřĨ ƿ ŹŵƪůřźƯƲ ÎÍ
ƯŚţŶƃƭŚŬƳřŹřźĪţ ǀ
Ʊřż
ŸƜţ ƿƶ į ƶƳřŻƹŹ ƽ ƲſƹŹLJƹƪƯŚĩšřźƄů ƭƺſ
Ƙţ ǀǀ ŵƺƃƲ Żřžě ÏÑ ŢƗŚſ
źŤě ƽ ŵŹƺƯŚƷ
ŵŻŚŝ ƿ ŵřŶƘţ ƹ ŢƟźĭ Źřźƣ Ŷ
ŸƜţ šřźƄů ƿƶ
ŵźĭ ŢŞŧ ƵŶƃ ƿŶ
řƿ ŚƯŻō Ʋ ƿ ƶŝ ƶƬůźƯ ƹŵ Źŵ Ƃ
ƪƇřƺƟ ÎÒ ŶƃƭŚŬƳřƮƷŻřŻƹŹ
Ưǀ ĮƳŚ ǀ ŸƜţƲ ƿƶ į ƱƺƯŻōƎſƺţƵŵŚƯƹźƳžƴūƹŵ
t-test
ŵŹƺƯ
ŚƤƯ ƿ ŢƟźĭŹřźƣƶƀ
Źŵ ƾſŹźŝ ħŻƹŶƄƠĩ ŢǀſŚƀů ƶŝ ŢŞƀƳ
Ĩƫƹ ƲƛƹŹ
ŢƔƬƛ ŚƷ ƽ řŹ ƿ ŵźŝŹŚĩ Ū ƽ
Źŵ
ƶƤƐƴƯ ŢƟźĭŹřźƣźƔƳŶƯ ƹ
ƶſ ŢƔƬƛ Ò å
æ ƹ Ò æ ĨƫƹƲƛƹŹŶƇŹŵ
ƹ ƫƺưƘƯśō ƾ
ƶŝ ţƱřƺƴƗ ǀ ŹŚư ŶƷŚƃ śŚŴŤƳř Ŷƃ ƶŝ ŹŵŹƺƔƴƯ
ƉźƘƯ Źřźƣ ŚƷƹŹLJƱŵřŵ ƽ
ƩƹřƲſ šřźƄůƹ
ƪƯŚƧ ŢƔƬƛ źŝřźŝ Źŵ ħŻƹŶƄƠĩ
ŚƷ ƽ ƲƛƹŹ źƔƳ ŵŹƺƯ
Żř ƶŰƠƇ ƹŵ
ƽ ƃǀ ƶƄ ř ƽ çå
çå
ŤƳŚſ ƾ źŤƯ ƶƧ ƎſƹŹŵ Ʊō
ŚƷ ƬěŜƫŚƣ ƾ ţřǀ ƴƬ ƾ źƐƣƶŝ æç ŤƳŚſ ƾ ŹřźƣźŤƯ ƾƯ ŢƟźĭ
ŵźĭƵŵŚƠŤſř ƿŶ
(Hassan, 1977)
ƶƧ šŹƺƇ ƲƿŶŝ Ʋſ ƹŹLJ Ƶŵ
Ʃƹř ƵźƄů Ƶŵ ƹ
į ŝ ħŻƹŶƄƠĩ ƪƯŚĩ ƶ
ŹƺƏ
ƮƬƣƎſƺţƶƳŚĭřŶū
ŰƯŻřƺƯ ǀ ƁŹƹźěƎ ƶŝ
ƹŹ ƽ ƶŰƠƇ į ƃǀ ƶƄ ř ƽ ŶƳŶƃƪƤŤƴƯ
ŜƫŚƣžĜſ
Ƭě ƾ ţřǀ ƹŹƲƬ ƽ ƠƇ ƶŰ į ƃǀ ƶƄ ř ƽ ŢƟźĭŹřźƣ ƹ
źĜſřĨưĩŚŝ ƽ
Ťſŵ ƾ
ƴƛƹŹƩƺƬŰƯ ƾ
ƹŹ ƽ
ƃŚěŚƷƹŹLJ ǀ
ŶƃƵŶ žě Żř ŤƃřŸĭ Ʋ ƶŰƠƇ į ƃǀ ƶƄ ř ƽ ƹŹƭƹŵ ƽ ƬěŜƫŚƣ ƾ ţřǀ ƲƬ ƱōƝźƏƹŵ
ŹƺţŚŝƺĪƳřƶŝƹƮĪŰƯŲƳƹśƺģšŚƘƐƣŚŝ
ŚƯŵŚŝ ƽ æ t çÒ
ŽƺǀƀƬſ
ŞƀƳŢŝƺƏŹ ƾ
Ò t ÓÒ
ŶƇŹŵ
ƹ æç ŚƴƃƹŹŢƗŚſ ƾƿ
ƹ æç ŢƗŚſ ŹŚţ ƿĪ ƾ ƪƤŤƴƯ ƿŵźĭ Ŷ ř ƿ ŚƯŻōƲ ƿ ŹŵƂ Ñ řźŝŹřźĪţ ƽ
ţ źƷ ǀ ƭŚŬƳř ŹŚư ƃ
Ŷ źŤě ƝƹźƓ ƽ
ŵŻŚŝ ŻƹŹ źƷ ƿ
ƹ ŚƷƹŹLJ ŵřŶƘţ ƹ Ŷ
ƵŵźƯ ƪƯŚĩ šřźƄů
ƿ ŢƃřŵŵŚ ƿŵźĭ
Ŷ ƶŞſŚŰƯ Żř žě
ƽ Ư ƹ īźƯ ŶƇŹŵ ǀ
źƷ ź
ŹŚưǀţ Ƶƹźĭ ƢŞƏ ŚƷŹŚưǀţ ƽŶƴŝ
ƯŻŚſƆųŚƃ ŝƱŚ
ǀ Ʋ ƬƬưƫř ƾ ƵŻŹŚŞƯ į ŝǀ ĥƺƫƺ ƿ Ĩ
IOBC/WPRS
Ƴř ƭŚŬ řƹ ƿ Ʋư źţ ƿ źţźƌƯƹƲ ƿ
Ʋ
řźŝƲƛƹŹŢƔƬƛ ƽ
ŚƷƹŹLJ ƽ ƩƹřƲſ ƪƯŚƧšřźƄůƹ ƘţħŻƹŶƄƠĩ
ǀǀ ŵźĭƲ ƿŶ
ƶƯŚƳ ƵźƄůƲưŬƳřƽ
ƱřźƿřƾſŚƴƃ èç
æ
ÎÐîæ ÕÐ
ƶƧŵřŵƱŚƄƳŪƿŚŤƳ ƯŹŵ
ǀ ŸƜţƱřż ƿƶ į ƵŵŚƯƹźƳžƴūƹŵ
į ŵŹŻŹřŵźĜſŻřħŻƹŶƄƠĩ
ƣźƃ ƾ šŚŞĩźƯ
ƴƘƯšƹŚƠţ ƾ
Źřŵ ƽ řŶƳŵƺūƹ ŵŹ åÒ å
p >
Òè å t =
Ưǀ ĮƳŚ ǀ ŸƜţƲ ƿƶ į źƄů Ƶ ƽ
ƪƯŚĩ źƳ
źƄů Ƶ ƽ ƪƯŚĩ ƲſƹŹLJƹƵŵŚƯ
ƭƺſ ƶŝħŻƹŶƄƠĩ
ţźţ ǀ Ŝ èè å t æÒ Ó
çí å t èì Ó
ƹ ææ å t åî ì ŹŵŵŶƗ çÑ ŢƗŚſ ŶƃƶŞſŚŰƯ
Ưǀ ŧŐţ Ʊřż ǀ ź ŢƔƬƛ ŚƷ ƽ Ĩƫƹ ƲƛƹŹ ƞƬŤŴƯ ƹŹ
ƽ Ʋſ ƹŹLJ Ʃƹř
ƹ ƪƯŚĩ šřźƄů
ħŻƹŶƄƠĩ
Źŵ ƩƹŶū æ ŢſřƵŶƯō
ƶŝƶūƺţŚŝ Ʋƿř
ŚŤƳ ƿ ŚƤƯƹŪ ƿ ƶƀ Ʊōƽ ƘƯŚŝ ǀ ŚƷŹŚ ƽ ŻŹř ƿŝŚ ƾ
ƱŚƯŻŚſ ŝǀ Ʋ ƬƬưƫř ƾ ƵŻŹŚŞƯ į ŝǀ ĥƺƫƺ ƿ řźŝ Ĩ ƽ ħŻƹŶƄƠĩ Ʃƹř Ʋſ ƹŹLJ
ŢƔƬƛ Ò æ ŶƇŹŵ
ƹīźƯŚŝĨƫƹƲƛƹŹ Ư
ǀ ź çÒ íæ ƵƹźĭŹŵ è Śŝ ƎſƺŤƯźƐų
ƹ ŢƔƬƛ ŚƷ ƽ æ ƹ Ò å ŶƇŹŵ
ƶŝ ţźţ ǀ ŚŝŜ źǀƯƹīźƯ
ìÒ ÓÕ ƹ Ò Óç ƵƹźĭŹŵ
ç Śŝ ŗżūźƐų ƾ
ŶƴŤƟźĭŹřźƣ
ƴĤưƷ ǀ Ʋ
ƽřźŝ Ƅů ħŻƹŶƄƠĩƪƯŚĩšřź
ŢƔƬƛ ŚƷ ƽ Ò æ
æ ƹ Ò å ŶƇŹŵ ƶŝ ţźţ ǀ ƹīźƯŚŝŜ Ư
ǀź Ò ìì
ÓÒ ƹ çÒ Óæ ƵƹźĭŹŵŶƇŹŵ ç
ƾŗżūźƐųŚŝ
ŶƴŤƟźĭŹřźƣ
ƩƹŶū æ ŢƔƬƛźǀŧŐţƱřżǀƯ
źǀƯƹīźƯƽƹŹĨƫƹƲƛƹŹƞƬŤŴƯƽŚƷ
ƹŹLJ ƽŚƷ Ʋſ Ʃƹř ƹ
ħŻƹŶƄƠĩƪƯŚĩšřźƄů
C. bipustulatus
Table 1. Mortality of C. bipustulatus treated with different concentrations of volk oil on 1st instar larvae and adults.
Concentration
Life stage 0.5% 1.0% 1.5%
81/25 ± 0/15 68/75 ± 0/21
62/5 ± 0/1 1st instar larva
77/5 ± 0/2 65 ± 0/11
61/25 ± 0/25 Adult
Śŝ źĭ źƔƳ Źŵ ƲŤƟ
ƶƿŸƜţ ƱřżǀƯ
į Ʋſ ƽŚƷƹŹLJ ƹ ƪƯŚĩ šřźƄů ƭƺſ
ħŻƹŶƄƠĩ
C. bipustulatus
šŚŞĩźƯƾƣźƃŵŹŻŹřŵźĜſŻř
ƾƯƍŚŞƴŤſřƲǀƴģ
źƷŹŵħŻƹŶƄƠĩƲƿřƶĩŵƺƃ
ƹŵ ƶƬůźƯ į ƵźƄů į ƹŹLJƹƪƯŚĩ Żř
ŹŚĩ ō ľŚŤŞƀƳƾƿ ƩźŤƴĩƽřźŝƾŝƺƬƐƯ Ʋƿř
ŢƟō ŹřŵŹƺųźŝ
Ţſř
Farid (1993)
żǀƳ ƤŰţŹŵ ǀ ŵƺųšŚƤ
Ʋƿř ŝřŹħŻƹŶƄƠĩ ƶ
źĭŹŚĪƃƱřƺƴƗ ƽ
ƩźŤƴĩŹŵƮƸƯ
řŵźĜſ ƾƯ ƾƟźƘƯ šŚŞĩźƯ ƾƣźƃ ŵŹŻ Ź
ƾƯ ŹŚƸƓř ƹ Ŷƴĩ
źƿŚſ ŹŚƴĩ Źŵ źĭŹŚƨƃ Ʋƿř ƶĩ ŵŹřŵ
ƾƯ ƾƘǀŞƏ ƱŚƴưƃŵ
ƮƄģ ƂƷŚĩ ŶƳřƺţ
ƶƯŚƳźŝ ƦƿŜƫŚƣ Źŵ źƔƳ ŵŹƺƯ ŢƟō ƩźŤƴĩŹŵ ƽźǀĭ
ƽ
ŶƃŚŝ ƶŤƃřŵ ƾƤǀƠƬţ ŢƿźƿŶƯ
ŚǀƳźƠǀƫŚĩ Źŵ
ƾƿōŹŚĩ ŻƹŶƄƠĩ ħ
C. bipustulatus
ƩźŤƴĩ ƽřźŝ
ÕÑ ƶƫŚƤƯ
ƾưƬƗƵŚţƺƧƽ
ƾƿŚǀƳźƠǀƫŚĩ ĨƄĜƃ ÑÑ
Ñæ ŶƇŹŵ Ţſř ƵŶƃ ŵŹƹōźŝ
(Popova, 1971)
ƲǀƴĤưƷ ƹ ƁŹƹźě
ƽŻŚſŚƷŹ Ʋƿř
ƩźŤƴĩƽřźŝħŻƹŶƄƠĩ ƦƄĜƃ
Risso cus citri c Planoco
ŢǀƘưūƂƷŚĩŜūƺƯ
ŶƃśƺƬƐƯŶůŹŵŢƟō ŢſřƵ
(Berlinger & Izahor, 1979)
ģźƷƶĪƴƿřƶŝƶūƺţŚŝ ƮĩƲƛƹŹŢƔƬƛƶ
ƂǀŝƱōźǀŴŞţŢƗźſŶƃŚŝźţ
źţ
ƹŹƱōƭřƹŵ ƽ
ĭǀ ƮĩƵŚ ƹźţ ƶŬǀŤƳŹŵ ƵźƄůšŹŶƣ
Ƅĩ ƾ ƳƱō ǀ Ʈĩż ŵƺŝŶƷřƺųźţ
řźŝŚƴŝ ƿ řźŝƲ ƽ řżƟř ƿ ƶūŹŵƂ į
ĭŶƴƄĩ ƾ ŢƔƬƛŻř ŚƷ ƽ ŝǀ Ƃ ƯƵŵŚƠŤſřƲƛƹŹźţ ƾ
ŵƺƃ ƵƹźĭŪƿŚŤƳƲŤƟźĭźƔƳŹŵŚŝ
ƽŶƴŝ ƢŞƏ
ƲǀŝƱŚƯŻŚſƽŚƷŹŚǀƘƯ
ŞƯƾƬƬưƫř ƵŻŹŚ į Ĩƿĥƺƫƺǀŝ
ƢǀƤŰţŹŵ
źƋŚů ƾƯ ƶŬǀŤƳƱřƺţ
ƶƧŵźƧƽźǀĭ
ƶƤƐƴƯŹŵ į ƶƯŚƳźŝĨƿŜƫŚƣŹŵƾƣźƃŵŹŻŹřŵźĜſƩźŤƴĩƽřźŝũƺƴƸĩƹŢƟźǀū
į ŢƿźƿŶƯ
šŚƟōƾƷƺŞƳř
ħŻƹŶƄƠĩƹĨƫƹƲƛƹŹŵźŝŹŚĩ
C. bipustulatus
ƶǀƇƺţƪŝŚƣ Ţſř
ƶǀƬĩ Żř į šŚƤǀƤŰţ ƂŴŝ ƱřŹŚĪưƷ
ƵŚǀĭ ţ żĩźƯ ƾĪƃżě ƹ ŢƟźǀū ƽŻŹƹŚƄĩ šŚƤǀƤŰ
źĪƄţũƺƴƸĩ ƾƯƾƳřŵŹŶƣƹ
ŵƺƃ
ƖŝŚƴƯ
Berlinger, M. J. & Izahor, J. (1979) Contribution to the phenology of Chilocorus bipustulatus in citrus groves and the control of Planococcus citri in Israel.
Entomophaga 15, 49-54.
Farid, A. (1993) Study on bio-ecology and control of Aonidiella orientalis in Jiroft and Hormozgan. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 61, 96-105.
Hassan, S. A. (1977) Standardized techniques for testing side effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods in the laboratory. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 84, 158-163.
Khalaf, J. & Sokhansanj, M. (1992) Bioecological studies on orientalis yellow scale (Aonidiella orientalis New.) and its control by integrated methods in Fars Province.
Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 60, 53-59.
Popova, A. I. (1971) Chilocorus in the control of the California scale. Zashchita Rastenii 16, 42-43.
Talebi Jahromi, Kh. (2007) Pesticides toxicology. 492 ppTehran University Press. [In Persian].
