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( DOI:10.22059/ijhs.2022.317780.1893
* Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]
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Evaluating the content of some bioactive secondary metabolites and flavonoids in Atriplex patula at different phenological stages
Mohammad Sayyari1*, Sameyea Ghaeloni2 and Ali Azizi3
1, 2, 3. Associate Professor, Graduated M. Sc. Student and Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, BuAli Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
(Received: Jan. 26, 2021- Accepted: Apr. 13, 2022)
ABSTRACT
This experiment was performed to determine the content of some bioactive compounds and flavonoids of Atriplex patula L.
at different phenological stages. Three phonological stages, including vegetative (eight-leaf), flowering and seed production stages, were considered as three treatments of experiment. Some biochemical parameters and also rutin and quercetin were measured at different growth stages. The results showed that the highest (2.06 mg g-1) and lowest (0.88 mg g-1) total chlorophyll content was observed at seed production and vegetative stages, respectively. Also, the highest chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and carotenoids contents were observed in the seedproduction and vegetative stages, respectively. The highest amount of total phenols (132.76 mg gallic acid 100g-1 FW), total tannin (0.057 mg tannic acid 100g-1 FW) and antioxidant capacity (50.28%) were found at flowering stage, while the lowest amount of total phenols (92.24 mg gallic acid 100g-1 FW), total tannin (0.041 mg tannic acid 100g-1 FW) and antioxidant capacity (16.95%) were observed at vegetative stage. The highest and lowest (88.05 and 35.95 mg rutin 100g-1 FW) amount of total flavonoid was found at seed production and vegetative stages. The highest and lowest quercetin levels were observed in seed production and vegetative stages (0.05 and 0.01 mg g-1 dry weight), respectively. Also, the highest and lowest (2.11 and 1.85 mg g-1 dry weight) amount of rutin were found in the seed production and vegetative stages. Due to the high amount of some biochemical compounds in Atriplex patula, the medicinal potential of this plant can be used in the future.
Keywords: Antioxidant capacity, quercetin, rutin, tannin, total phenolics.
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Table 1. Analysis of variance of phenological stages effect on some phytochemical compounds and flavonoids quercetin and rutin of Atriplex patula.
Mean of squares
d.f.
Source of variance
Rutin
Quercetin
Antioxidant activity
Tannins
Flavonoids
Total phenols
Carotenoids
Total chlorophyll
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
0.005 0.000001 1.27
0.00001 2.12
51.26 0.000003
0.006 0.001 0.007 2 Replication
0.05* 0.0013**
1405**
0.0002* 2099**
1286.5**
0.029**
1.14**
0.046**
0.26**
2 Phenological stage
0.004 0.000005 2.55
0.00001 13.0
51.54 0.0009
0.012 0.001 0.01
4 Error
3.46 4.8
6.23 8.55
6.07 6.52
8.41 8.3
14.73 10.48 - C.V. (%)
* **
:ns
0*
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@ >: 'N$
+=2 .
**, *, ns: Significantly difference at 1% and 5% level and no- significantly difference, respectively.
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Figure 1. Mean comparison of chlorophyll (a, b, and total) and carotenoids content of Atriplex patula at different phenological stages.
I * #] 0* DT D=3 ' ( F/&:
76 / 132
+5 &* P , % # 7&%
100 05A& &: 7&%
D%
+!
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+ /i','=3 8
V* +%&*
F/& T - +!
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&* P , % 100
05A& &: 7&%
8 "#! C +%&*
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.- #$ +!
I *
* 05A& DT # g'$ U3 ' ( F/&:
+! V
#] 0*
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100 &: 7&%
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) +C/ + /i','=3 8
D% (+%&*
- +!
0* +C/ 05A& DT # g'$ U3 ' ( F/& T #]
89 / 35 +5 &* F : 7&%
100 &: 7&%
+=2 QU ) # "#! C
* D% 05A&
+!
V*
1 #B) - +!
2 DT F$ : #] F/& C * .(
D% 05A&
#] 0* +!
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&*
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V* + /i','=3 05A& * +C/ 05A& * - #$ +!
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G F/&:
DT F$ :
#] 0* +C/ 05A&
041 / 0 +5 &* 7&%
100 7&%
+=2 QU ) 0T # "#! C &:
05A& *
D%
V* +!
1 #B) - +!
2 I * .(
- 3&j F/&:
+ $;
#] 0* +$ # T 28
/ 50 +%#$ * #J
D% 05A&
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ST '*
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+ $;
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69 / 9 #J
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1 #B) - 'TV + /i','=3 2
.(
s 3 +Cb* ! % +5=3 @ N T&: # ,':
+K ( D '6 1& =T -(: 0T - " % +/
+ $i + &O
& %
(Sellami et al., 2009)
.
Jakovljevic et al.
) (2013
#] 0T #$ &T f G%
+ $; - , 23 DT # g'$ U3 D=3 " % +$ # T
) & NT &
Chelidonium majus
05A& 0* (
. +\ * " % + /i','=3
Naghiloo et al.
) ( 2012
" % 0T +: ] ](: +Y
Astragalus compactus
+5=3 @ N T&: &/ ] 0T #$ &T '=6 #$ 7 e$ L.
+ $; - , 23 05A& 0* " % F/ " R6 +$ # T
05A& &/ ] F/&:? * 0 +\ * " % ' $
; ' " % .- "# "#/ +! "' F/ I/
" % ' $ DA & -3&C _ " % ‰'5* * G $ u ](:
+ $; ') "# G = & C * +5=3 @ N T&:
" R6 S! & C * +$ # T "# < &b !
1 #B) # "#! C 2
+ r/ $ 0* 0B': * 0T ( ':
& C * +/ ') + 5 Š, * " % &T * #/ .- ')&*
G I/ G3 0T &T 6 ' *
+ $; - , 23 05A& * - F D=3 +$ # T
D%
.# * v N: & _ 05A& s & D T +!
c
c
c
b b
b
b
b a
a
a
a
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Total Chlorophyll Carotenoids Pigments (mg g-1FW)
Vegeta ve (8-Leave) Flowering Seed production
1 #B 2 + $; - 3&j DT F$ : DT # g'$ U3 DT D=3 G &* + /i','=3 DA & &. F \$ 0 / ] . 8 59/&:; +$ # T
.
Table 3. Mean comparision of phonological stages effect on total phenolics, total flavonoids, total tannins and antioxidant capacity of Atriplex patula.
Antioxidant activity
(%) Tannins
(mg Tannic acid 100-1 fresh weight) Flavonoids
(mg rutin 100-1 g fresh weight) Total phenols
(mg gallic acid 100-1 g fresh weight) Phenological
stage
16.95 b 0.41 b
35.89 c 92.2 b
8-leaves
50.28 a 0.057 a
54.3 b 132.7 a
Flowering
9.69 c 0.053 a
88.05 a 105.09 b
Seed production
F \$
!
&! 0* C Q &A 1 A xK '
5 #J
@ >:
+=2 .#$ #$
Values within the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% probability level.
Alirezaie Noghgondar et al.
) (2016
G &* + /i','=3 d5 b DA & & .l: +C! q_
+ $; - , 23 # g'$ U3 +5=3 @ N T&:
+$ # T
0T #$ &O + &* ' +CA P &: " % + $; # g'$ U3 D=3 #] F/& C * 7 #$ +$ # T
+/ '!
+C! q_ .- 'B V* # 05A&
F$ : DT # g'$ U3 DT D=3 #] 0T # ~bC I * +! V* 05A& 0$ " " % DT #] F/&:
- # DA & &\/ 0* -N $ )
Zribi et al.,
(2019
a ': "# 7 e$ I! q_ .
Sellami et al.
) (2009
DT D=3 -Z5c @ & W: 0T # ~bC
) +$ * f'e$ & # 1'Y
Origanum majorana
G $ (L.
a ': S! + /i','=3 DA & a ':
#= 3&% &O & .l: -(: +/ '! m; ! ' T 3 +=2 'Y 0* D=3 #]
# _ & W: # 05A& *
DT D=3 #] 0T # ~bC +C! q_ . &T + $; - , 23 D% 05A& P &: " % +$ # T
+!
I * V* 05A& &:
+ +!
# * )
Feduraev et al.,
(2019
% " R6 + &* * . D^B'* 0$ #=! "
- "# ~bC G $ # + /i','=3 d5 b DA &
# g'$ U3 +5=3 @ N T&: #] F/& C * 0T + $; & 5 6 F/&:? * D% 05A& +$ # T
+!
+ M e:
#* / )
Saberi et al., 2018
( I/ ; r/ $ .
0 3 / * G $ &[ A ? * "# &Tt @ ] ](: & C * !
+ 0T +5=3 @ N T&: F/& C * - +$ 'b ! #=$':
0 3&C _ DA & #= * 0 +/ ') # &:
(" % ‰'5* V* # ,': 05A& ) " % 0* #$#/ &% "#! C
- , 23 DT F$ : DT D=3 G F/& C * 0T 'Y #] F/& C * +!#5% 05A& +$ # T + $;
0* 0B': * .# "#! C +! V* 05A& DT # g'$ U3 +Cb* 0* 0T F ]]( &\/ f G% I/ ; F/ r/ $
* 0T ->% F =o F/ ' * #/ # " ^$;
#A 0* +/ ' * @ N T&: M e: " % ' $ -3&C _ + ‰'5*
* #/#B D $ # ,': &* ') " % #
+ " ; V* D C:
.#=T
" #$ - #5 0 , - . /6
7 & ' ()
F &g'T !# g'$ U3 #] &* + /i','=3 DA & & .l:
0$'% F :
A. patula
xK X :&: 0*
1 #J
5 +=2 #J 1 #B) '*
1 " % F I/ G3 * .(
V* 05A& : +C/ + /i','=3 05A&
F/ G +!
I/ G3 X T&:
I * .- 0 3 / F &g'T #] F/&:
V* + /i','=3 05A& F : #] 0* X :&: 0* +!
05 / 0 11 / 2 +5
% &* 7&%
.# "#! C &: 7&
+ /i','=3 05A& F : F &g'T #] F/& T 8 #] 0* X :&: 0* +%&*
01 / 0 85 / 1 +5 &* 7&%
+=2 @ >: 0T # "#! C &: 7&%
DA & *
D% + /i','=3 V* +!
+=2 @ >: .- +!
D% 05A& : F * V* +!
C +!
#C$ "#!
D ) 2 .(
I * - "# f G% +C! q_
#] F/&:
D% 05A& F &g'T I * +!
F : #] F/&:
+ M e: f'e$ & " % +C/ 05A&
#* /
)
Sellami et al., 2009
( P ,'=3 @ N T&: + &* * .
0 / '_'=T "& : " % 0$'% #=o 05 B
+=c "& : F/ ! % 0T # "#! C G $ 8 59/&:;
0* F &g'T 05 B P ,'=3 @ N T&:
'R)
€&*
€&* G $ F : #= ! ! +)&* !
0$'%
+ -3 / ! . '
.# d5 b DA & 8 59/&:; F &g'T F : !# g'$ U3 G F \$ 0 / ] .2 D
Figure 2. Mean comparison of flavonoids rutin and quercetin content of Atriplex patula at different phenological stages.
D% €&* F &g'T ' ( F =h ! F/t;
0* U: _ 8 59/&:; 0$'%
G 0* X :&:
2180
+5 7&%'5 T 7&%
1300 +5
7&%'5 T 7&%
# f G% PC) "
)
Dadáková et al., 2013
( .
Boutaoui et al.
) (2018
0$'%
Atriplex mollis
0T #$ &T * #$ &T '=6 F : +=c +2N=
+ . ' 0 ) = +/ " % P/ '=6 0* #$ ':
F : + $; 1 23 I]$ F &g'T ' 5%
+$ # T
+ #$ ; < ) "#$ 'B' #*
#=$ ':
0*
I=T * S ] 'Y
I/ T !
- I! T
0*
"#==T @UT * S ] & c 'Y .#==T D 6 !
+ $; &. &* " U6 F :
+/ ') +$ # T
G $ +^B': ') )
Kreft et al., 2002
(.
8 # , !
G &* + /i','=3 DA &
- ,'*
" % 0/'$ . !
+ &.L 8 59/&:;
I * # * F$ : DT D=3 #] F/&:
+ /i','=3 05A& +$ # T + $; - 3&j DT D%
05A& DT # g'$ U3 #] F/& C * +!
V* + /i','=3 " % F I/ G3 * .# "#! C +!
D 3 &5T DT D 3 &5T G D 3 &5T a
# g'=: T b
V* + /i','=3 05A& -3 / I/ G3 I * +!
F/&:
!# g'$ U3 " % F/ .# "#! C #]
+ F : F &g'T I * 0T # *
#] F/&:
V* 05A&
ST +!
+ /i','=3 05A& #] F/&:
05A& ^$; '‹A G 0T # "#! C +C/
! +! V*
. '* DT # g'$ U3 #=$
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