! "# $ %
3 4 5 " 67 8*9 &
1;< = > 8*9 &
28*9 0 3 ) <
) <@%/ 6 8*9 &
3%A 5 8*9 &
34
B 8C 8*9 &
) +D
<>
8*9 &
1"8 %7 3 /; @%/
) E 0 F3 G 8*9 &
58*9 &
6#@ I ) E % &
6J 6K 89 8*9
; 8 " &
78*3>9 > 7 &
8 9#@6+< 3 L + ! :
"# $ % & " ' ( )
* +,!
: 17 / 5 / 93 +4 : 6 / 5 / 94
$ &'
:( ) 7 ,! 89+ ) : " ' ;+ <8=
) , >7 ?! ( 7 @: ,! + ! 9> 7 9# A %
=
*# ! 7 .
" ' ;+ : )
) C 8 >( D
>EF$ G # ,! ,%! %! ) 7 1390
- 1389 )%, 7 56 , (
,%, (
% ,! G K % , > #!
8 ! )
8 : !
. #, 7 ) 7 % 8 89 7 > , % : F
7 ,! 899( *( % + 7 $ )
) >
& 8C 899( * +,! % (
7 15 =
% , C # > ) = NO E
8+! ! # > ) 7 ) F P> F$
.
) ) = 7 ,! : P7 Q )! +%, :
G K RS7 ,! + !
*# ! 7 . ) = % 7 ) = ! ! P> F$
*(, % ) T S
;> U 7 9 899(
"
V+,8$ > ! 7 8>
"
"
+ : &W
"
"
7 : ,! +, &, @ *+ X$
P
"
"
! 7 )! 7, (
"
! ! P> F$ % U , @Y 7 & 8C 899( * +,! 7 Z 7 ) =
"
*+ [, +,! & 8C )89
"
%
"
! 7 + #
"
8+! 9 .
+
% ! + :!8 )89 + [, % + ! ) > ! + *+ X$ \ 7 89+ ( ! ! ]+ : .
) 7 ) : 9>@7
7 ,! ! +%,
9= = 89 > % ,! 8@7 ), : ^ ># = >>_$ % P+8"$ G K 8O % 9> 7 ) = ) =
^ 9
> % 8 7
.
,
% : -
3
&
N;O 8 P 3 *5 < B
L 0A
&
& % G Q 9 ) < 3
" P @ &
0 9 R &
1 - ! `ES$ a ! , +! #
+
2 - G K `ES ! , +! #
+
3 - , > ! G K `ES !
+
4 -
(! ( `ES$ a
! , +! # +
5 - (! ( , `ES$ a ! , +! #
+
6 - (! ( )c % `ES$ a ! , +! #
+
7 - ! , > ! ), # EES$ ) (!
+
8 - ! 7 ! C % ?! ( ), # 8 , d 9 , ( +
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
. !%8O # = 5
/ 1 PNQ ?! ( > >
5
,! #
8 > @: "# $ G O ,! ) =, ( 1)
.( Q C % ,!
^ >7
"# $ G O ,! ) =, ( ,!
(! ( > % e >
*# ! ) > f R= ( G # ]9 + .
^g >
9=
^=
98 8h,!
> % e ;+
7 Z 7 =, ( ;+
8 7 .
# ) = 7 iNK @:
) =, ( > ( * 8@7
! N@7 7 8@" = ) 7 * 8@7 , " j Q ,! @:
(! ( * W#
89 = G # $ @: ) =, ( > %
2015 + (! ( > % e > * + 7
5 ! C G #
89=! R= ( " > # %! 7 , .
+ >
# G
1364 N ! + 7 8"7 7 # #! % ,! % 8@7 ) =
90 % + #%, *>" : 8h,!
100 7 ) @ *>" : 8h,!
* W# ) = 7 ) : % > % 8@7 & 8C ), >7 G 9( ># 9> ( % >A
# ) =
@
* % ) =
* $ ( ) 4g % ,! > 7 +4_$ ]+% $ % 9$
8=! R= ( , ! C G # ]9 + (! ( > % e >
2) .( 9 7
*NQ C + g! ) = G K ) =
)k$ # ( *#
# l# $
@:
) 7 * 8@7
N@7 <8= 7 P # (! ( a%89h 7 ), = !
8 O K (! ( * W# ) = `C (
)k$ #
@:
G # ,!
1993 8+! : .
P
,%! ,! m+ ) = ), >7 *+ +8 ,! * 8@7 9(, ( (! (
$ ) = * G @# 7 8>( $ 7
+,n 9
+4_$ o # % pC # ,! % 8@7 & 8C *+ O
> > ) 7 ), >7 )
q C ) = X$, %
) * W#
8 7
3) .(
;>9r =
>@$ P ) % + & s ) 7 p>$ >7
7 ^( ( , C ,! j$ ) 7 +,n 8[ C G @#
G @# * 7 87 , *#! t ,! % ) > > ) 7 ;> +% ! # % pC # ,! ) 7 A
8 7 . . ,%
X$, : +4_$
) EF9 ,! > 7 +4_$
: )
*# )k$ # ;+ +4 + 8:
. ( 8"7 = p+
$ 8 $ 5
, ( 7 G # 8 %,
% < 8= ;+ $ ) 7
>7 ,! > % e > R= ( u
(! ( ; u + 5
*# G #
5) % 4 .( ,%!
) h
11 %,
! )! 8"$ ,
! ( 8> R= ( %, * = + * = 7 iK 9 % =, (
*#
. *# 8 " , ( 8h R>7 ,! [ O G O ,!
3) .( & " ' )!8" $W =, ( ), > 7 ,!
! 8"$ n K &8 ) 7 j# 9 >7 ! ( 8> P>NQ & = A$ ) , ! , >7 (! ( j# 9 9> 7
8X
! C , ( PF ,! n K ,%! ) 7 * 8@7 9(, ( P 8 ! ( >7 , ) 7 > !, m7 9 4)
.(
7 #, 7 ) = ), >7 7 7 X ) 7 , ( ! : ) =
( ! ! @# % 9$
# # &n = 7 ;+
, !
!.
P> $ V ;+ 7 97 v K EES$ ) = > (
] [ R>7 7 , ! C : $ ( 8+! ;+ + : 90
8h,!
+ (! ( ,! ( + = ), >7 5
7 ": 7 9 G #
8 p
*# ! ( < '"
. % 7 + , v K ;+ ,!
%! ,! , >7 (! ( ,% % ) > > ,! )897 XNK 9# % 7 $ %, 2 % = 2 $ = 5 d # 7 #
>g % p k+% &, f * ( 7 %! ,! y,89 & WK
! > p .
7 Z + v K ;+ ) : ^A * Q (
! ,%! ,! *# @7 v K ;+ ! ( 9+! @
89 7 $ ! , 7 + !
+ 89
7 ^=
) : ) 7 ^= % 89 7 9 8 N
. ;+
! 97 " '
* j Q ,! 7 ; ! + : *> 7 Q
G K RS7,! ,%, ( ) 7 ,
!,
, Q #, 7 8=!
. @7 ! # ) 7 ]+ *# 8>
! > , Q ! # !, l# $ .
% v K ;+ K
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
7 ,! 7 ! ( 9+! @ ) 7 + 9N )
8 7 (! ( RS7 ,! + ! #,!
. ;+ 7 97
<8=
9> 7 7 ,! 89+ ) : " ' ;+
, >7 ?! ( 7 @: ,! + !
@ 9# A %
+ :!8 %
! 7
.
8 7 ) C 8 D " ' ;+
) : (
% >h $ &, E7 D NO E i+ K 9# A
* &, h >( " ' .
( " '
% @ ,! (! ( X K #, >7 ,!
;> : + #%, 8@7 ( ! 7 7 %
*# ! 7 .
" ' !, ) =
), # %, 7
8 " ' !, % 8
P (
> ( )
+ !
, (
, > #! % ,%, ( G K RS7 ,!
,!
K G #
1389 - 1390 8 7
. ! 8"$
= 56 ,!
K ,%! %!
*# ! 7
.
) 7 C 8 RS7 )
7 @: * > pf
, >7 ?! ( (
), >7 m+ ) = P " , #! l# $
), (
% ! @9 >
* > pf P , (4
> ( )
P " , #! i7 ' , >7 ?! ( 7 @: 7 PO 8 7 .
> ( ) , ( ,%, (
, > #! % RS7
7 (! (
;+
89 , Q 7 > , !, , 7 .
F ) m :
! ! ),%
( ! 7 &, E9+ 7 = > % & 8X 8"7
% \O N ,% , A9 7 8>$ # ;>7 9= = & :
&, @ ), z$ ^>A9$
9> 7 % =
8+! , 7 .
>EF$ G # ) 8 7 ,!
90 - 89 :
% \O N ,% , A9 7 G K % 8>$ # ;>7 9= = > ^>A9$
] '>O # ,!
) 9> 7 % ), z$
[ %
8 P> $ > 7 > , .
'>O # ,!
) (
> 7 9> 7 % ), z$
% ,%, ( , ( , > #!
8 ! ! . ) G%8:
1 (.
) %, % p+ ,! > $ ) 7 ), z$
&8 7 * # p+
20 &, h ( ,! ), z$ %,
* . ) =%, ! % < 8= % * ( 7 ) F $
m+
= +%,
% >g ...
8 ! ! . * ( 7
8 >@$ S$, % < K ! 7
, Q > , > C ,! % ! !
8 . F ) % +, 9# % ^ > ! # 7 ), z$
"
!, ) : R+ % 8+W# % +%,
=
! 7 . S7
&, @
&, @ ( ,! A !, ) = ) =
]
Skill Lab
[ ,s ]9 ,! ( ,! mQ % !
* &, h .
89=!
d 9 , ( 8 ,
! C % ?! ( ), # % >7 % ), # ! 8 ) ), # X7 # 7 )
*# ! 7 % 9> 7 .
) F P
: )8 : + WU )8+,% & X+, $
8" 89# ; 4 % ) > C % ) > e, % G (, ! 7
( *#
) 7 P ( %, p+ &8 7 ,%! = ) 8 7 ,!
=
> % 8+! V+,8$
.
&, @ ) +! RS7 ) =
7 % X K ,! ( V c,% RS7 ,!
* &, h V c,% , # # &, A .
) >O
,! > 7 +4_$ % ! >
) = , ( ,! 8: , K 7
8 ! ! K 7 .
> 7 ,! ;>9r = 9
7 ,% = ), >7 )897 XNK
, >7 ?! ( ]
;# &, h ,! ?! ( ! C + % ,8 + ,!
,% ) 7 j# 9 [
9+ "
) ! ( P ( , K 7 ?! (
% % 8Q G 9( 8 , ) = &, f ! # ) = N# F ; ( % % & X+, $
%ORS ...
8 ! ! .
&, @ 9> 7 ) = :
( ,! P
,!
(! ( + #%, * 8@7 ( %
&8 7 16 * #
( p % (! ( 8>$ # l# $ % = ) 7
* 8@7
! 7
*#
. *+ @ ,!
, > #! % ,%, (
! # ?! ( ;>": 7 !, C 7 ) 7 ! +%,
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
8 ! ( . L @=
1 :
!" 38G 6 G % & 8S3 R D ) 8 J 85 8G 3
38G T 3
38G .@
!" )
!" # /3
G <" # /3
U !"
: 30 / 7 $ 30 / 8 %, =
&8 7 {Nh 20
%, ,! ( V 9( a $
(! ( ) X K ( |# % R# 9S#
!, " ^ > R+
N (
V3 !"
30 / 9 30 / 12
,! ( ,! ,!
(! ( ) X K ( G% ,%! ) 7
7 ,! , >7 7 , ( % ;+ $
! # , UO
OSCE, Mini- CEX, DOPS
6 G !"
* # 8 $ 12 ;> : + #%, * 8@7 ( ,!
7 %! ,%! ) 7
,! :!8 7 , ( % ;+ $
% p , UO
! # OSCE, Mini-
CEX, DOPS
7 > , u C 8 u u
: O u ) 7 + , u
>
u
( u 7 + , P u A u 9> 7 % ) u
7 u
*# ! . 7
+ u A9 ; u , u
= u N ( ) u
# u %
Min-CEX
%
>@$
)
>
u
# ^ u 8 ! .
"$
u ! 8 u l# $ 8 P> $ ) =
( p+ = u
( , u } F 7 + , ,! > , > #! % ,%,
8 . ) G%8:
2 (
L @=
2 : 6 G % & 8S3 R D " P @ " W ) 8 J 85 G " 38G
) " 3
J8G ) "
;*9 ) "
8 , 7 ,%! + % ;>O
.
) "
8 , 7 ,%! +
Min-CEX 8 , 7 9> 7 ,%! G K ,!
.
> $ 8Q :
* &, h 7 + , % PO $ ,! ), ! N >
.
" ' p+
)
" )s & >7 $ % 8+! 7 + , ) 7 >(
7 >( %, " ' 9# A RS7 ) 7 ;>9r = 15
) > d # 7 :!8 % ! # ! 89 8=
,! , C # > NO E 8 ! # R=%k l>F
.
<8= % ! ( " , ! C NO E ) 8 7 ,! =%k
! ! {>[ $ 899( *( ) 7 , R=%k .
*( 7 ;>9r =
} F % F R$ WK ( ! ! 9> K 899(
% 8
8+! g NO E 899( *( *+ [, j : V 7
)
? G # p+ 8>$ # 7 NO E 8 8>#
.
"
C 7 $ !
7 ) : ,
+ 8>
"
. 7 NO E ) 7
+ !
G # >
"
! C 7 $ ) > ! + % ,
), >7 \O N 7 %, 7 (! ( ) =
+ 8>
"
8 8>#
. E ) 7 + :!8 7 NO
) ?! ( ;+8 % , >7
(
G # >
"
7 ! C ?! ( ,! % #, 7 , ! C 7 $
8>9( 7 %, ;+ ! # .
"
8 8>#
. NO E $ =
8+! lN[ 899( *( : 7 % , &, h 7 NO E D N vW'h ,! % n ) 9g 7 8>#, $ =
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
+ %,! + ^$ +! ( ) F 7 $ WK
! ! 7 )8+8:
=
* + ! ! [ .
NO E 8"7 (8 ,!
$ ( 7 ( V~# % lN[ $ h , )%, =
*#!
8 V+
. 8 !, % 9> K *@: %! =%k
> ( & K $ )
! ( pf % ) 7 , & NO E .
V~#
*#! > ( NO E ) =
, 7 ;+89f % •+ $ lC
%, i7 ' % ), 4 8( , ! lC + 8 C lC 7
"
F P> F$
"
8 >
. % =, >" 7 = ! ! + + % + %,
c % 8 8 C ;>>"$ % *> NX ( >( R=%k ) =
*# 8 ! ! v .
! ! ! 7 +4 P7 Q 9" 7 *> NX
m : % ,! % =
! ! ),%
*# X>XO ) = .
+ $ + $ = ! ! ),% ! R=%k 89+ + : ,!
f )!, = + , % P> F$ % :
= *+ [,
,! ) > , 9( iO & WK ! 7 F 9 € O 8+! *+ , QWC & 8@"$ ! S ! .
) 8+! : ,%! %! ) 7 7 ;+
. )!
1389
>$ + ,! % D%
1390
* + $ C .
! 8"$
,%! %! ,! + ! P
29 ,c # 20 9+
7
P(,! % * 8+ , 56
*# ! 7 ,%! %! ,!
. O ,!
XNK h U * $ =%k = NO E P> F$
&
( , & XNK + % ! # Ph O 7 $ 7 Z 7
) > ! + % ,! f 8>$ # V+,8$ ,! f %, 8+ y S # , ,! ,! f % + ! .
K 7 ) = ^$
8 7 + v 7 .
1 .
"
V+,8$ > ! 7 8>
"
), z$ o
,%! 7 > , ;> 7 2 .
"
!, ! 9 ( + : P
"
,! 8 : ! : m7 9 7 ; 8 *X7 ' o
! : ;> 7 l>F * 8@7 % ,!
3 .
"
% ! ! ! ;=s 7 +, &, @
! 7 )! 7, (
"
4 .
"
* 8C * +,! )89 + [,
"
5 .
"
8 T $ *Q% % ! 7 + #
"
+ = R=%k ,! 899( *( G • (s 7 ;> U p
! !,% > %,! ,!
.
1 . ) G @ 0
# W< @ 3
> " ' ;+ ,! 899( *(, )
8> , V+,8$
89 ! >7 9+ 8>$ # 8 ! ( 7 $ .
"
C 8
"
) = C + g! ) = *NQ
G K
"
%, ( 8>N K ) : F *>= * 7 ;+ ,! ! > !, ) @$, @ i7 ' > V+,8$
! O K ,! ! +%, .
;+ ) = %, ! #
, P>NQ ), z$ ,! V+,8$
+ ) !, ,
dW( ) 7 NQ " ' 7 + ! ! ,
+ ) ^ >
) : R+ % +, 9#
+%, =
! 7
"
.
;+ ) : ,! 8>$ #%, %, ) 7 , ( 8 ! ( ! # V+,8$ ;+ ) =
&, @ j ( 8> ! > !, ) =
89 ! . +
* ! >7 8>$ # +!
.
"
,! + ! ( )!, +
, 899( , 7 8 7 V+,8$ %
.
, = ! # ) # 8 ! ! j ' ) > ! + 8 7 ! % ! # ) 7 ) > 7 R f .
<8=
j ' ) > ! + ! <8= % R ! G X ! # 8 7 . 9# ) @ %, ) > , 7 % ! # 9S#
, + ) 7 = ), z$ p C j ' P ( ! # % ! )
: ;>9r = % 899(
+ ) > ! + ) = pN# (
8 7 &% + ! ! ) > ! + ) 7 *# >
! # &% ) = %, !
.
"
>7 + ! +
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
* ! .
"
89+ ;+ ) : ) 7 ) = %,
8 \ 7 ( 8 ! ( ! # S %, ;+ ! C
! R+ , ! ) = &, @ V+,8$
! % A
897 + X$, ) O *>OWh
"
.
1 - 1 . 3 U !"
7 , 7 ^A RS7 ), z$ ,!
q E C ! C 8=!
. j Q 9> 7 89f =
7 8X > = ), z$ % *#
8 7 .
,!
F + ! 7 ;+ : )
7 : , UO q EC
89 ! *+ [, ! C 8>$ # .
+ ! + r 9f
* ! , @Y :
"
89 ! , UO 8>$ # = ! 7 t C : v K ; A 7 >C 7 , ( \FN p+ %, = 8>$ # , UO ,! 9+
! ^= WNQ 9( a ! 7 m+ \O N P 7 ^>
, 7 = * 8+ , l# $ >7 @ 9 .
"
p ) 7 )! 7, ( , j ' ), z$ ,! + ! 89 ! n 8@7 % ,! 9(, ( ) 7 % .
F 7 ,! Q 9+ = )
7 ?! ( 7 7 X 7 ,!
7 8 ), > = {'# R= ( 8 !
89 ! *+ [, .
"
> % % ! # \O N ( ;> = ; A 7 *# ‚ >C
*#
, C = ! !,! 7 ^> %87 )c %, 7 C f R % ! >7 ), > = {'# R= ( 7 ƒ+ p+ 9+ %
@ ^>9( , ( .
p p+ !,! 7 ( + >f p+ @9+
( ( = % , C `ES % , ( * 8@7 ^ ># $
7 ( h ES +! 7, ( % ^@ >C ; A 7 9(
, 7 8>$ # , UO .
"
) > , ( 7 7 ! 7 8 "# ), z$ 7 ,! 89f =
! p+! ;> 7 % 7 V+,8$ ;+ ) = %,
7 V+,8$ D ;+ h ), z$ *>= P> ! 7 + ! ,%! ;+ ! ( 7 P+ $ >7 % ! ( d O , ;> 7 89 ! .
"
8 "# 9+ 7 ! 7 ), z$ )!%8O $ R ), z$ \F7 >7 ! N , ( &, h 7 >C % 7
^= = G • O ! 7
!, ,
! 7 ), z$ ( ! 7 .
7 ! ( $ ), 'f ^ %!
, ( cn )%, 8+
! ( .
"
, ;> 7 % ) : 7 ,! 89f = ), z$ ,! + ! 8 ! 7 A ,! + ! ) 7 7 + X ,! % 8 ! 7 ! ( $ "Q % , # C ^=
), z$
89 ! 8> , = dW( ;+ +! ) = .
"
; = * 8+ , 7 C =,c # % 9+ ) 7
...
;
! 7 R+, z$ @7 % >7 >C R> * Q .
"
"
v ' ^= >( ! > , 7 dW( ( %, =
•O N ( 9+ % +, z$ ^= 7 % dW( >C @7 % > ), z$
4 ( ) +! ) =
"
( „
&, h 7 + : 7 8>f
"
* S
9> 7 8"7 % V~# % ), z$
"
% ! + ^ O * 7 ), z$ O ,! + ! ! 7 C 7 % ! ( C d O ,%! 8 n K
>O % ,! > , ( P>NQ ) = )
{>: $ , !
$!% 8 ! ! 89 , 4 7
.
"
, ( u
>O ) = u
) u G% 8+ 7 , ,! > +4_$ % !
89 4 ...
F , 7 # 8+ 7 ! + >C j ' ^ O
^+87 ....
! 7 [ , >7 = * 8+ ,
"
;+ ), z$ ( , K 7 + ! 89f = V+,8$ ;+ ) = %, * 7 89+
[ ,
8 ! 7 A 7 % ( ! 7 ), K *>= 8+
89+ ;+ ;> 7 % {>: $ 7 j>g $ , + !
! ( .
"
,! W•
>O + % CPR
; ; ! 7 W % ABC
ABC ), '9+ "Q % …! ( >O , ƒ+ p+ $
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
!, ! †%
. f t C f p+ CPR
8+ 7 ! ( ) >
( * = + = >f ) # p+ 7 ! (, ( % 7 8+! W p ( ^= , 9( ,! 7 ! ( P % 7 8+! 8+ 7 % ! ( 9 9+ P• 899( )897 XNK % $ ^A9 ( 9(
! + 8> S7 ), z$ &, h 7 lX %, 89 ,
* .
"
9+ + ! * 8+ , 9+ ,c # T S mK X
, ,! 8>$ # % +
) ) > ! + * 7 8 ! 7 > ,! \FN
89 ! *+ [, ^= & >7 $ ) F p+ 7 9+ %
, Q 7 > , !, 8 >
89 ! .
+ !
9+ P> ! 7 8 ! ( 7 + , t C , ), z$
\O N + # , ^> % p+ ,%! 8 ! 7 (! ( m+
89 ! .
"
&8 n K , 8X p+ jC % ! N 87 ), z$ A
! 7
"
"
( 8 ! 7 ( = *> C # \O N R+ = C A % ) = : # 8+ >7 * 8 h O Wh
! 7 t C .
"
\O N 8+ 7 + ! A % ! ! ! R= ( ), z$
!! !% 9> 7 , ( 7 .
"
89 # 7 ,! >7 , ...
;=s ,! ;+ % ! 7 , $
8 7 ...
^9>N7 ), K ;+ ƒ+ $ # ,! ) $
n % ^+8+! iNK 8 ! + G @# 9+ f 9"+ 8 € O , &, f ^ $ = S7 ;
^=87 t : .
) 7 7 a,% , * ( 7 ;+ , 7 # f
@N &! C 9+ : 8>9( 7 * > n ‡Wh , @f , 7 ) 7 8 *9=s ) $ % ! ! + *9=s ) $ ) ) 7 % *# t C >C ), z$ : # ) = r7
99( ( , ), z$ ^9(
8
"
^= % 8 ! 7 ! 7 ! # ^= ), z$ %, + !
89 ! *+ [, .
&, h 7 89$ % * 8+ , 9+ ,c #
8 ! ( \F7 , \O N =%
.
, G% %, +
, %! %, % j ' +
U V>(
u 7 , + u )
8 7 $ j ( \ 7 ! C % * 4 ! „ , .
;+
89+ 7 + , 8> , ), z$ $ 8 jN#
.
"
* # 30 / 7 ^>+ : % 2
p+ % ,c # %
%, *> ,% ,c # + % G% 89 = > = * 8+ , 89 = > ,! % P( % 899( > $ R'#% ! „ , 8>$ # % 9( p ( * 8+ , ^> 7 ! # %
899( P ( , ! ^ Q &
.
"
"
v ' G% %, ( •FN = ! 7 )8> 7 W(
8
v ' = V>( %! %, R f 7 %, j ' % 8
-
> 7 ! + @7 ; 7 = r7 $ 8> (
"
"
V>( 8"7 %, ^+! ( , ( ( %, = O K %, + =
;+ 7 (! ( W• ! ( W
+ 8Q ;> % G O 8 ^
> ,! 9=s % (… >f 8
"
2 - 1 .
* ! , @Y + ! + :
"
, ,! ! 7 n +
) + 8 !,% cn ), z$ d,!
+ ^+! ( ! # ^+! ( ! %, = p>$ >7 = , (,! , = &, @ C 7 !,% , ! cn
^+! ! ^= &, h 7 %, >O \F7 ^> C .
,c # 8O ,! ( ) 7 ,! > , ( + % ! 7 t C
^> = 9+ ) 7 ^+87 ^= , 7 p+ ( ;> =
89( p ( >C .
"
3 - 1 .
;> 7
,!
;+ $ $ >O + ;> 7
RS7 ) = 8 7
! # % ! ( + :
89 7 ;> 7 ,! ), z$ ! 7, ( 8= 89 $ .
+ ! 89f =
,! Q ;> 7 ,!
* 7 % 8 ! 7 8 ! +%, ;+ $ 7
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
, @Y !, ! ! :% ! +%, ;+ ,! 9 ( $W 89 ! EES$ ,! ,! ! +%, 7 ;> 7
899( ": ( )
7 !, ! !%8F &8 p+ ,! )! +
@: P ! ( F h%! ! 7 8>X ;+ 7 % !
*# > *Q% , >7 = ) 7 .
"
; %, ! % *+ +% 8O ,! # %! ,! p+ ,!
*#
F h %! e 7 p+ $
*Q% "Q % ! ( , )
*# >
. (! ^ C N ...
7 % 89 8 ,! ! C
899( *X ( =89$ 8 ! 7 ƒ+ ! , K 89+ >7 ), 9+ , 7 ( ...
5 7 7 iNK , ƒ+
lX ) ! C % * + p+ ,! ^+8+! (! ^ C 5
$
7 iNK ^> $ , ƒ+
^+% 7 R>
. f 9+
! 7 ) > > f ! 7 8+ 7 8"7 ƒ+ 7 + = >h $ 7 8 ƒ+ W• 8+, 4 7 , ! )%, 8>= S7 , R % 7 lX ;+ !, 8 + !, ! G @# 8>9>N7 8>= C # 5
$
! ( #, 7 ! ^> % * # p+ ,! ƒ+
...
7
20
$ 20 $ ! ( , ) 7 ;>9f ! ƒ+
...
"
+ 8 : C 8 &, h 7 89+ ;+ (
;+ 7 97 ! 7 !,% > ! :% 7 , ) >>_$ ,! ^ ># % *Q% < h 7 > G " ! +%, 7 *N ! +%,
* ! )! + .
, )! + *Q% ! # $ ! 7 ),% [ ;>9r =
) 7 )89 QW K % !, 4 7 ;> 7 ,! !
*# ! 7 899( p ( ^= 8+! , >7 F ;+ 7 ! # .
ˆ ,! ! 7 $ ! # *+ ,! % h O % Nh j# 9 ! +%, 7 , >7 ?! ( 7 @: ) 7 , (! (
! # . 8>r> ƒF 7 ( ! +%, ;+ *>= * 7
,!
,! % 89+ ! # D :, ^ ># * + 7 , A % 8>$ # , UO % EES$ *>= * 7 X K ;+ ;+ $ ) 7 7 C ) = ( , >7 j>( $ % ( 7 ;+ ) : %! ,%! ,! 8 ! N ! +%, + [, 7 8+8 ( 8 ! # ;> : + #%, * 8@7 )89
! 7 = > G NX # % .
*h % 89( ": ) ( , >7 * 8@7 ( ,!
!, ! ! :% > D :, ) 7 .
"
: ( *# * 8@7 ) = C ) 7 Ph f
*# @7 899 7 $ n K , ,%! 89 7 % !
"
! ,! 9> 7 R+ , # C + ! ,
#, >7 ,! ) : 7 * 8@7 .
89$ , UO ;>9r =
8 (s 89 ! # , > 7 = ,! ,!
.
= ,! ! N ( 89 ! , @Y > ( , K 7
*# , 7 d%,! $ ,!
.
"
>C = ,! * = , ( = ,! ( (
"
7 EES$ ( p+ V c,%
) 7 , , >7 9+ *
> % ! +4 , 8 D :, , >7 + % 89( ! 8 ! +%, ) : ) 7 4 !, ! , UO `ES p
8 7 j# 9 .
8 8 ,! Q + ! 9+ 7 %W ;> : 8@7 ( ,!
(! ( , >7 *N‚
2
$ 5 ( , C > , >7 % G #
2 ) 7 N# 9 h 89+ P> $ , =
*# ! 7 V ! % V + # 9> ) = .
P> $ ;>9r =
,! V+% # RS7 7 899( ": , >7 *N‚
* &, h ;> : * 8@7 ( .
4 - 1 3 G "
,! 7 & Q % T"[ Z X 7 ! 7 , A9 7 ,%! ;>O
@ % )
> ( ,%!
) >
( 8 P 7 7 > ,
+ v 7 > 7 > , Ph O 9# A ]+
*# ! 7 .
"
# = ^> , ,! ) $ ( , 7 =
89 F , 7 p+ PQ 8O , 7 .
ƒ+ $ %!
89+ , ƒ+ ;> # * = ( (! ) Q + ^ C
), : f … 9( 9+ " ), : f ^9>N7 8>9( 9+ "
… 9( !, C 7
"
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
"
>@$ ^ > O ), z$ # ) = F ;+ ! C = % *# ,%! 8 ‰ ( ! 7 ), K ! (
* ! ! ; ) 7 ) > ! + p+ 8(
.
"
% V + # 9>
*N‚ % V !
( ,! V+% # RS7 7 899( ": , >7 8 ! = ) 7 ;> : * 8@7 .
2 . +06 5 < 8=
3
)! 7, ( % 8> , 89+ 89f = + !
) = ! O % p % ! C p ) 7
) 7 j# 9 , , ), >7 7 !, C 7 F % %, 8
% 89 ! j# 9 +! !, ,! ;> 7 ) 7 , > ;+ 7 ! 7 ! a $ @ ) 7 ( ) > ! + P> ! 7 V+,8$ >
89 ! P 7 , ) : P ,! 8 ! 7 [ ,
! ^ ># ;+ ,! +%, ;+ & s , ( : % ,
89 ! 9=
. ( 89 ! , @Y > C 7
8 $ ( 8#, + : 7 p ?! ( #, 7 ,!
;+ 4 !, ! D :, , #! 8=! , ,! C 8 , @7 >A #, * 8C ;+ + v '# ,! , ,! >
89 ! j# 9 , # %
.
"
p+ $ ( *# ;+ h P % *# t C 8>=! D :, m+ # 8 + 8>r> * Q 7 8#, ,s ^> > , # ^> > , @7 ^>=87 D :, , ) >f f * ^>=! , R+ =, ( ! C C % G% 8+ 7
8 O K =, # % = , @7 ) 7 ( *# ), : >7 .
"
p p+ , *>$% 89 ! , @Y ;>9r = 8 $
*# j# 9 * 8@7 ,! , ( ) 7 % 89( ,!
.
"
8=87 D :, 8+ R> ^( >C p ) 7 % !, ! , P W ƒ+ W• ! 7 `S r 9f ,! ( + = ), >7 >7 % `ES W R> !% 7 8+ 7 v K 89( ,! 8 $ p ! C ! 7 ...
X>Q!
) $ ! 7 8 O K * 8@7 ( ,! , ( ) 7
#, >7
"
* S D :, ^ ># 7 ! C 8 ! 7 8X " ;>9r = ,! p+ % *7 p+,! 89=! {>: $ % 89(
! > &, h .
"
7 ( 899( *Ng, = ! C >C #, >7 89+ >
>C ^>=87 D :, ^>= S7 ^> 7 ^= * 8@7 ( ) $ : ;> = r7 ( 8>=87 S p+ 89+ = ! C
! 7 t C .
"
! C 9 ( + : P ( 8 ,% 7 ;+ 7 + ! j# 9 ( 8 ! 7 8X " = * 8+ , % = 9+ !, !
,%!
8 7 ),c # .
"
( *Q% = ! 7 ),c # ; A 7 R+ = 7 >7 , j ' ^>9( : 7 ^>+ >7 ^> # C = {Nh R+ = ,! •( ^+8>#, ( ,! 7 ! ( " '
8+ ! 7 D :, 10
! 7 )! ) = ,! 8h,!
.
"
1 - 2 . K ! : m7 9 7 ; 8 *X7 ' ]+ , j
K h m: + !
u ( j u (!
u ,
, >7 ) 7 i7 ' , ]+ , ,! % 89 C 9 8 ! ! . 8 ! 7 8X " @ .
C 7 ,! i7 ' ,! >
&% ,! D + $ P %, ! %! P>NQ !, ,! # \ 7 ;+ ( *#
! . f
7 K 8>$ # )
! OWh &
! ! 9> K + ! 7 % 8 ! S ,! ( 8
)
! > &, h & OWh 8+8:
.
"
7 ! 7 ,! ( •O N ( ! 7 ;+ * ! ( )! + ‡n%
7 ( u ( u +, ! u ^ u ! a u + * u
>f p u )
&% $ *# ( h t ( 7 % ^+8 C ( *# ;+ ! + ;+ , 7 % *# ! + p+ ;+ % * ! ,! R h ( ^+8+! 8"7 89 ,! , !8 p+
8>$ # A 7 ( = : U"7 % !, ! &% $ t ( 7 # O " ' mQ ( ^> ! 7 $ P (
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
>7 ^> 7 ! : $ ;+ 7
"
"
( ; ! 7 ! + >C &% $ ( : = 8 > 8>$ # ; 7 9+ % 9+ 9+
%8( 7 P• !, C 7 8+ 7 ( + = :
"
2 - 2 . 8@7 % ,! ( ,! 89+ 8 :
+ 7 89+ ;+ ) : ,! + ! ( $W
, ( ,! 8@7 ^ ># " *>"[% 8 ! ( , 89+ ) 7 4 ! ! 7 , ( 7 ,! 89+ ( *#
8 8 , E , 7 C 9>7 R> 89+ ;+
. WK 7
\ 7 8 : % ,! 8@7 ( ,!
8
P " , #! >g ), A 7 % 8 8 , , ( G %, , >7 ( 8+ ": ,! 7 .
i7 ' ) : ;>9f ,! ;+ 7 97
^= 7 7 8+ % *# P ! ( , ( 89+ 7
! ( ! > , v K ;+ 89+ ,! 9> ! ( .
"
@7 ) = C 7 ! C ; ( * = ;+ P * 8
% : ;>9r = ( !, 8 DWK p ‡Wh % ^ , T S 89( : $ ‡Wh =87 ^= % 7 % * = ) .
"
"
89=! o @7 7 ! + 8@7 ( ,!
...
"
"
89( PO , P„ ;+ G K ^9(
...
"
3 - 2 . = Z G " [ /
,! ! N : P7 Q
! : ) = ,!
:
), : EES$ ,! *>= 8 ! 7 8>X ;+ 7 >
D :, + : % 89( ": ) 7 ) 7 , >7 ( *#
! ! u
>7 ! 8"$ ! u
, c,% *>"[% ,! % ! +
89 7 ) = j# 9 , >7 ;+ 4
89 7 . K !8" &n # 9+ , >7 ;+ ;+8 %
! 8># = 8Q 8 , ! , A % 89 > [ ,
! +4 &, h (! ( ) 7 "+ # ,! ,! ( ) # .
"
P7 Q ) = ,! ,! % ! 7 t C ), z$
89>7 , q ES ,! p+ 8+ 7 9"+ ! N : 8
7 8 ƒ+ W•
chief complain
p+ % `S a W• ( * ! , A % 8 EES$ a ,!
% ^+8># G # = % ! 7 !, C 7 EES$
8 T $ *Q% ( .
"
"
C K % 8 R C &% &n # u
R
7 + , P ( , r7 ( 8 )! + *Q% ^>9(
8 T $
"
"
$ : P7 Q * 8@7 ) =, ( ,! ^9( A
$ `S , ( % 8 $!%8F = ƒ+ 8 7
"
"
+ ,!
u + $ p u + ^ u
# p
! C % lX ) 5 , ƒ+ $
^+% 7 R> 7 iNK ^> $ .
7 + = >h $ f 9+
8+ 7 8"7 ƒ+
, R % ! 7 ) > > f ! 7
>= S7 u +, 4 7 , ! )%, 8 u
# 7 8 ƒ+ W• 8
!, 8 + !, ! G @# 8>9>N7 8>= C 7 lX ;+
5 ƒ+ $
! ^> % * # p+ ,!
! ( #, 7 .
"
N# 9 ^9( 8 ! # , = r7 ( ;> : !, ,!
Ph f *#
: ( *# * 8@7 ) = C ) 7
*# @7 899 7 $ n K , ,%! 89 7 % !
"
+ % 8@7 ( 9> 7 j# 9 l>F ;+ 7 97 8 7 (! ( EES$ >g ,!
.
3 . ) G 8G 9 ) 3 Z \ G %*< V . 7
! u ,! + u ( u ?!
8> , ! +%, 7 , , >7
8 ! 7 8X " % 89 ! .
,! 8 \ 7 ! +%, ;+ ;+ $
^># $ 9=s X p+ , (! C , K 7 , >7 7 @:
89+
.
"
% 8+
+ W• 8 , $ ,8Q ;+ % ^ 8 : $ >C P ( ;+ %87 n ( 8 , $ ,8Q ;+ 'C ) =
C , $ 7 %, >f = 9=s ) $ 'C ) = ^ 7 8
^+ > ! + >7 ;+ $ % .
C # 7 !, C 7 K W•
^ %! , (! ( ,!
...
"
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
"
XNK ! C 7 ! C ^ ( p> ( ) $ V c,% j XNK ( 9+ , ! ( 7 C p+ 8 @ ^@7 = )897
+, +897 9( !, C 7 *O , = 7 ! % >
.
"
"
$ ! > 7 U+ p+ Q% ! C ; 7 C >C G z# % ! ! + > C G @# W• ,!
# ^#
u + = G u
# ~7 8+ 7 !%,% %87 G% ( u
! + ^
!
"
*> = 7 ! +%, 7 ,! + ! % D [
% 8 ! 7 TQ % p p+ 9 7 + 9 &,% [ >C ( ;+ 7 %W 8 ! 7 8X "
+ ! + , %, P
p+ 9 7 )% > v K ,! * 8C P> ! 7 89 ?! ( 7 @: ! +%, ;+ 7 * + 7 p
89 7 9 , >7 .
"
, N >C ; [ ,!
,! ! C p 9 7 ^+
PNQ 7 + 9 % ^>9( *> " * 8@7 ) = C + #%, 8 7 8> $ >C !, ;+
.
"
4 . N @P ) J@38 J N< ] ]
) % G ) < 3 [
3 8G ) G @ 0 ) % G N< ]
*Q% ?! ( #, 7 ) 7 9+ (! ( ;+8 % ! ! ! ,! 7 % {>[ $ % ! 4
89 ! P ( *+ [, .
9( $ 89 ! s ,! ), > 7
*# , Q #, 7 !, @ ?! ( > ;+ 7 .
+
89 ! , @Y ,!
:
"
r7 9+
P ( >C , N9+ ! 7 !,% WNQ ,
8 8># G # ; R 8+!
. ;z ' ; 8 ! !
!, 8 ( 8 .
"
"
7 + , P ( , r7 ( 8 R C K 8 T $ )! + *Q % < K p+ % ^>9(
.
"
89 ! *+ [, , >7 89 = ^= + !
n K
, >7 p+ ) 7 *Q% < h % ! + ) F % ,%! ;+ ! 7 89 ! ! ( T $ *Q% , .
"
! 7 )8> % t C 7 ( , K 7 ....
"
"
9 ( ),% [ j ' ! 9+ ! 7 8> >C W( % %87 9( !, C 7 = 7 ^= %, 8 ,!
"
7 ^+, N >C ; [ ,!
,! ! C p 9
PNQ 7 + 9 % ^>9( *> " * 8@7 ) = C + #%, 8 7 8> $ >C !, ;+
.
"
NO E 7 %W + ! ;> 7 9# A ,!
% ,%! , @ *+ [, ( G # R 7 9# A ;> : * 8@7 ( & ;>9r = 8> 9#
8 ! #
, , ! C & ! @9 > 89 $ 8 ! 7 P+ % +
89=87 .
p % Z NU % ^A % ( + ! ! ! ]+
%87 % ^>X , K 7 ( ;+ % 8 , ! P ( *+ [, ( ( , K 7 8 , ! *+ [, 8 % 7%, , >7 7 P
8 ! 7 P+
87 + R+ ,%! G K ( .
89 ! , @Y K
!, 8 ! :% 899( ": D 9$
.
* 8@7 ( 7 899( ": (! ( ,! ;>9r = 8 P 7 9# A ;> : + #%, .
, 7 ,! ,!
)
F ) W & 8C +
) 7 *# C,! % 'C ^
, + ) 8 G # & ! @9 >
. F ;>":
) !, C 7
+ # % %, ! < E F !, ,! {>[ $ 8 ! ! , @Y ,! ), > 7 % 89 ! P ( *+ [, = >h $
7 p ( *# , 7 ;> % ;+ ( 89 ! *NFh @
89(
?! ( ) 7 ( *Q% % =
,! , = % !, 4
O ( 8=! )8
; @ 7 W ( , *+ [, ;+ %
! 8>
.
) G < 85
;+ &,% [ % ! 7 8> A < h + !
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
^= ! ( T $ *Q% % + # , , >7 ?! ( 7 ! +%, 89 ! . ! u + u 7 u
) 7 ( 8 !
), >7 8 , ! ( *Q% G K $ ^@ ) = + # + 7 %
! > , Q *+ % ,! = ), >7 .
,%! p+ ,!
) 5 / 1 =
, * # % !8" ) = ), >7 j ' ! + ^ O +
9> 7 7 *N ), z$ ! 7 n K % 8 T $ C VO \ 7 = ;+ = , & F 8+ X ) 7 , ! 7 + # .
, @Y + !
^( > 89 ! ! + , ),% [ !, ^= % j ' ) $
8 > 7 % *# ! : * ( 7 + ! 7 8= C (
; ! 7 % * > j ' ! ( € O 7 ) >
* ( 7 % =
89+ 7 + , , , >7 ?! ( 89 $ .
"
Wh % ^>9( € O ^>= S7 ( ! N )8O ,! R+ = P $%
9"+ * = * 8@7 ( ,! ( ! 7 ) >f p+ 8 7 ! + ( * > )8O ,! ! ( ! # mQ = ! 8 , ! f 8> 87 lX 7 ! ( *>9=s p+
8>9( ! # 8> $ .
"
"
7 8 7 , Q r7 ! C 7 8+ 7 G% ! 7 : )
‡ "Q % f ˆ # 8 % 7 8"7 8 7 *+ ,! G K ) =
* > )! 7, ( + 7 ,8X
"
"
*N ! 7 G K >f ;+ $8> ( *# ) >f m+ \O N ) = S $ G% = = r7 ( = RS7 + # 7
89 ! + , = ,!
.
"
"
p+ % 899( 8: , V c,% * Q ,! ; A 7 mQ = 8>#, ( ƒ+ ^>9( € O ( 8 7 ) >f * Q >X7 ^>=87 , ;>$%, , ( % ^> 7 € O !%, ( = % * = !, ! &, f p+ ( R+ = ( * = R c,% * Q lX 89( % 8 a,%
+ 7 = 89 7 € O 8 .
"
"
* > *h f ^> 87 , 'C ^+W 8>#, ( ƒ+
^+! 7 % ^+% 7 ^>= S7 ( .
( ^> 8 O >X7 n O >C % * = T S ) = * ( 7 D >f
% ^>9( ^+% 7 ^> $ ( * = T S = P $%
^+,% >7 ,! = .
"
"
, j ' f * 8+ , ) 7 89( D% p> >7
*# , @7 ) 7 ;+ *X>XO ,! f !, 8 ) 8+
....
!, ! , R 8>9 , 7 p+ ) 7 .
"
"
# !,
^+! ! F ^> ! ( ^+! 7 ....
) 7
f ! 7 F "Q % ! 7 t C >C = u
# p+
u )
=,c # ( *# C ,!
%!
89 .
"
"
7 u u 7 u
>
u 7 C % 8 u 7 u
% ! u
> = u ( ;
% 7 R7 C ! ( ! 7 *S# ^+ >7 {Nh ^> # C
r7 ‰ * p+
! 7 ;> = =
"
"
> f * > * ( 7 j ' ! ( € O 7 > >C # #! R@7 *O , >C ! ( *# 7 O K
! 9( € O %, % , N % 8 7 .
"
"
= ), >7 = * > n 899( ( , ! 8"$ *# @7 R> r7 ) 7 ( = % *> = C #
8 ,% >7 R+ 7 , 8+
. , $ c,% ) = >f ) # p+
^ # ) r7 p+ PQ 8O 8+ 7 , R ( ,! % 8 ,% >7 % 8=87 P+ F$
, ( E 9+ 89( P ( , R ,!
8=87 D :, + 89( ,!
.
"
/0
+
" ' ;+ ) = )
! > ( ! ! C 8
!, ! : *> 7 Q ,! ! ( .
* 7 ,!
: v K ( 9( 8@7 % ,! & 8C
! .
) : 8 $ 8 7 > 7 R f
. ) : ,! 9# A
P 9> U 7 7 ;+
"
> ! 7 8>
) V+,8$
"
"
!, ! 9 ( + : P
"
"
&, @
)! 7, ( % ! ! ! ;=s 7 +,
! 7
"
"
)89 + [,
* +,!
* 8C
"
%
"
% ! 7 + #
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
8 T $ *Q%
"
+ , C 8 ;+ 7 )
8 y S # .
,! 8 9 7 " ' ( + :
8 7 ?8 , > 7 , ( {'#
. Q ;+ ,! 4 u
7 *
R=%k C 7
# ,! 8 ) = u
( + u , =,
[ O R=%k ,! C 8 7 N ( !!
, !, C 7 >= ) = &% $ 89 7
. % ! ( $ + #
" ' , = ^ +, ) F % pN# #, 7 <8= 7 )
*NQ *>OWh % = > 7 G K C + g! ) =
,%! ,! „n 8@7 9(, ( )
8 ! ! .
*NQ & " ' + # <WC 7 C + g! ) =
*NQ = Y 7 ( G K
" ' ;+ ,! 89 ! : $ = )
! ! >( 89+
%, ! # 7 , ( =
8=
NO E % ) > 7 7 > #! ) 7 7 ) =
8 ),% m : .
7 ), # !, ,! # # P
! 7 *Q% ! N ( % 9= , .
! # % 9> 7 & F>[ $ j>( $
%,
= 899( P>@ $ ) )
! # t, $ % R !
*NQ 8> ( *# ; G K C + g! ) =
8 7 &W PO , )
5 (.
" ' ,!
)
> [ O 7
*Q%
>7
! 7 : $ !, .
+ +!
9# A ,! " ' ;+ ;> U
"
+ #
8 T $ *Q% % ! 7
"
! 7 . 8> A < h + !
, , >7 ?! ( 7 ! +%, ;+ &,% [ % ! 7 ^= ! ( T $ *Q% % + # 89 !
.
+ !
), >7 ) 7 ( 8 ! 7 *Q% G K $ ^@ ) =
), >7 + # + 7 % 8 , ! (
! > , Q *+ % ,! = .
,!
,%! p+
5 / 1 O = !8" ) = ), >7 j ' ! + ^
, * # % +
7 *N ), z$ ! 7 n K
9> 7
& F
;+ = , C VO \ 7 =
X ) 7 , ! 7 + # % 8 T $ 8+
.
^= % j ' ) $ ^( > 89 ! , @Y + ! * ( 7 + ! 7 8= C ( 8 > 7 ! + , ),% [ !, 7 % * > j ' ! ( € O 7 ) > % *# ! :
; !
89+ 7 + , , , >7 ?! ( 89 $ * ( 7 % = .
" ' 7 [ O " ' &% $ + ! ( ! 7 ;+ ,! „n
7 , > ;+
,! ( 89f = 8 8 ,4 9 7 8>$ # , ( ;> 7 ,! > ;+ 7 =
8 ! ( .
" ' , = % >#
9(, ( ! 9 7 )
*NQ ,%! 8"7 * 8@7 + g! ) =
G K C
8 ! ! >$ ,8 ,!
. !
8"7 * 8@7 9(, ( 9
,%! %, )
*NQ ) =
8 7 + , G K C + g!
. ;+ V h W7
,%!
( ,! = # &8 7 ) " ' ) = ,! 9(, ( ;+ ! ;>>"$ ) 7 > % ,! 8@7
,! ,% % (! ( ,! % )897 XNK 7 + , =
8 . ,! l# $ 8 v ' &W ), > 7
899( *(, ]
&W % G @# # j$
[
! 7 .
>h $ n " * 8@7 9(, ( ,! 7 N# 9 ) =
-
8 ! ! . ! ! + , &n # * > pf ! # K = 89
!, j g ,!
8 ! 7 i &W PO ,! = .
>h $ + hWC ( ,! ,% &, ( +4_$ ) 7 =
*# ": ) 7 ,% % C ,! & "+ < E % ! # !, Z N$, ), Q 7 7 p ( ) 7 m>#% &, h 7
* , Q )
6 (.
,!
)
> ^= [ O " ' %, ;+
% * 8@7 C P>NQ > % *NQ {'# ,! , ,!
j# 9 8@7 ( 9(, ( $
89 ! . % Q F#
" ' , = #, >7 ,! , ( # %! % 7 $ > )
<8= 7 @ h ;>
+ X )
*NQ ,! ,%, ( ! -
+ (! ( + # ) = 5
%! ,! G # G " *NQ %,
*NQ % C + g! ) =
G K ) = ]
[ ,!
8 ! ! (! ( EES$ ,!
. + ,%, (
,!
8 8+! 9> 7 ) = 9= , !, ,! = .
,!
,! ,%, ( ! ,%! + F
) ,! (! ( *+ +%
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
!8 % %!
8 7 + , ;> > ;>7 .
) !
,%! + ,! G 9( % C 8 ,! ,! ,%, ( &% $
* 8 ! :% ), A , ! 9"
. % ;>7 ,!
) =
!, 89f ,! lX * > pf !, N
&% $ =
! 7 ), , ! 9" ), } F 8 8=
. ;> >
) ,! %! ,! ,%, ( !
,%! + ,!
% %! ;>7 % % = ,! R+ ;+ ! 7 + R+
! N , ! 9" ), } F .
P7 Q &% $ 8= 8
&8 ! 7 ^( P> ! 7 *# ; AOW QW ) > > ! 7 $ ( )
8 m: j ( 7 >7
! # ,! ,%, ( ( *h 8 7 = C
) 7 ( =.
" ' i7 ' 8 , " ' 89f )
! N [ O
& >7 $ , *#,! `>S $ ,! ; ! *Q! ^= >
v K ;+
89 ! . 9 7 ) " ' , = % , (
,%! >‚ $ )
5
*NQ %, g! ) =
C +
8 ! ! * 8@7 ( 9(, ( &, @ % R ! 7 G K .
,%! p+ &, h 7 ) = 7 " ' ;+ ,!
)
# u ;>7 %, , @f *O # 7 %, %! % %,
8 ^>A9$ % >@$ = .
89= +, = >O ,! ;+
* .
&, @ % R ! ! N@7 8 + X % %!
. ;> >
)
! 7 + R+ ), ! 9" , K 7 = .
)
%! % 3
/ 46 7 6 / 74 ,%! p+ ,!
) 8
% %,
G% % ) = 40
7 2 / 73 ,%! ,!
) 5
%,
! 7 + ! N@7 .
) R ! )! N@7 l+ $ ,! =
89 % *+k99 +,n +4_$ # ) # ; + G @#
7 % %! =! > > % 8+8 + + ( 7 * G O
! 7 . ;> >
) 9$ &W &, @ 38
7 57 ,!
,%!
8 % %, 41
7 91 ,%! ,!
)
5
! 7 + R+ %, .
G @# &, @ ,! = j>$ $ 7
,%! ,!
8 % %, 5 %, 28 7 67 % 48 7 75 %
=! > ,!
33 7 84 % 42 7 86 + R+
! 7 . ;> > ;>9r = )
,%
= 42 7 89 ,!
,%!
) 8
% %, 37
7 70 ,%! ,!
5
! 7 + R+ %, .
,!
5
%, 813 % ,n!
3
mN9 ) 7 ;>9r = ! 7 8 >Cs 9(, ( ) 7 %, ,!
5 8 7 j# 9 , > 7 %, )
4 (.
" ' ,!
)
,! 8> , V+,8$ %, 8>$ # % > [ O +
! % ) >
, X$
) O *>OWh 89 ! ! C )
. :%
" ' ,!
) G # ,! ! C 1391
) O *>OWh !, ,!
+ ! % 8 +
: 9> 7 *>OWh
O 7 ,! ),% [ Q
8+ t .
Z N$,
, >7 7 p P>NQ 9> 7 ) = N9: $ (
7 |# , >7 7 ! ! NO E % % ) =
; ! *> = ( ! P , , >7 P ( *C 9
) k+%
!, ! *>7 $ % + ,!
).
8 ( >O, >
, = % 9
,%, ( = {'# #, 7 9 7 X>XF$
G 9( 7 q EC ,! P>7!, !
* 8 ! ! v K d # 7 9$ ! O ) = .
75
P> $ , K 7 9 # ! ,%, ( 8 ! 7 ! ( .
*# )! 7 Z 7 & ;> > ;+ $n 7
! ( ) ~# , G K % * 8@7 ) ,%, ( ,%! %! = ( 8
,%! Š>= ( *# )! 7 Z 7 & ;> > ;+ (%
! ) ~# , ) 8
. ,4 ;>7 D ,!
,%! 8 ) =
,%, ( = {'# R+ % * 8@7 % G K ) ,%, (
* G 9( 7 q EC ,!
9" Z N$, 9$ ) =
* ! ! :% ), ! )
9 ( . + ! ^= " ' ;+ ,!
, 8 ,4 8@7 ( ,!
#%, ,! * 8@7 C %
$8>
89 ! . u ( ,!
u u
,!
7 :, + % G O87 , >7 ( V c,% ,! q EC
9> ( ": `>S $ 7 = 899(
j# 9 8 $
8 7 ) > ! + ) 7 .
9> 7 *>OWh R 9# ) = %, ;+ @7 # F
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
> 8 $ 7 > , ) = %, + # , 9( ,! ( *#
< 8= iXF$
% K C 9 )n 7 v '# ,!
%, q ES7 , + ! ,! ( O_
) ,
8=! , Q 7 + , !, .
899( *( Ph O & >7 $
, %, ( ! ! " ' ;+ ,!
: ( 7 >
7 9 ! C ! 7 8> 7 %W *# ! 7 # = ) > ! + 8
*#
. , = % W 1393
" ' ,!
R> 7 + X ,! # ! # ( 8 ! ! ! C 9> 7 *>OWh *@: @7 7 > , $ ) ,%, (
!,% P "7 + ! )
10 ( .
;+8 % *+ [, " ' ;+ 8 ] 9 ;> U + ! 7 v K ;+ ,! ) =
*#
. 9# A ,!
?! ( ) 7 ,! %, ;+ ,! > % ;+8 % 89 ! *+ [, ! C .
! ! % ,!,! ( ! + *Q% < h
( 7 $ j# 9 , u
8 ! . 9+
u
" ' ,!
u ! C
,! v K ; ! ;+8 % > ;+ $ ^@ : 8 + &n # 7 Q! h |# % 8 7
. 7 ;>9r =
7 9+ 7 %W , >7 ?! ( 7 ;+8 % G h + 9
X$, ) 7 *# W# % * 8@7 {'#
*(, *
P>@ $ , ,! ;+8 % {>Fh 8 S7
) 11 .(
% +
&, h 7 C 8 ) : ]+
!8" ) = > 7 7 + , % = ,! % ), z$
% + ! 7 NO E % V + # 9> % V ! # ( ! ! 7 ;+ ,! 899( *( 8>$ # % ,!
7 ;+ ,! 7 + , % > D ,! >
! ( &,8Q ;=s 7 8 ! 7 8X " % 8 ! *+ [, j# 9 )! +%, , D ,! 8=! +,
!, p 8O ,! O % ) , @7 ) = 89 !
p p+ , *# ,! ( r = 8 ! 7 8X " +
!, 8 D :, 7 ) > % 89( ,! 8 $ .
;>9r =
), : ‹9= 8 ! 7 8X "
D :, ! ( *# )
C p+ % : p+ ,! 8 , ! *#%! % 8+
! ,! ?! ( P .
: ) = &% $ C 7 jK 7 ! +%, 7 ,! ,! !
*# ! 7 > ) 7 ) +! G # ) : >
.
& 8C 899( * +,!
) ,!
( , @Y & 8C * +,!
?! ( ) 7 ! +%, ;+ ,! 8 ! 7 8X " % 8 ! *+ [, 4 ) >7 *Q% =
! .
& 1 .1
> ( ) ) F 7 ( + ,!
C 8 ;+ ) :
! *(, u
8 !,8Q u
!!
.
>9r = u ;
# *+ O u
,! % * 8@7 &, % % * 8@7 @:
7 ;+ ) : *+ O ) 7 %
, # ~#
)
! . * % " ) 9" % )! ) = *+ O
% 9 % & uX>XF$
"# $ % & u" ' ( u % ),
7 u $ > h !
P
8+
.
References
1- Madhavi J Mankar, Am Mehendale, Bs Garg.
A role of integrated management of childhood illness [IMCI] strategy for changing child rearing
practices at household and community level.
Bombay Hospital Journal. 2008; 50 [4], 584-591.
2- Nikniaz A, Tajaddini N .Comparison of under 5 year child mortality situation in rural areas of
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
east Azarbaijan in 2004 And 2003.Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
& Health Services. 2006;28[2]: 113-117. [Persian]
3- João Joaquim Freitas Do Amaral, Cesar Gomes Victora. The effect of training in integrated management of childhood illness [IMCI] on the performance and healthcare quality of pediatric healthcare workers: A systematic review. Rev.
Bras, Saúde Matern, Infant, Recife. 2008; 8 [2]:
151-162
4- Kumar D, Aggarwal AR, Kumar R. The effect of interrupted 5-day training on integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness on the knowledge and skills of primary health care workers. Health Policy And Planning. 2009 ; 30;
1–7
5- Takada S, Oudavong B, Kuroiwa C. The successes and challenges of the IMCI training course in Lao Pdr. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2007 ;1(38): 178-87.
6- Simoes EAF, Desta T, Tessema T, Gerbresellassie T, Dagnew M, Gove S.
Performance of health workersafter training in integrated management of childhood illness in Gondar, Ethiopia. Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 1997, 75 [Supplement 1]: 43-53.
7- Eshaghi S R, Shams B, Ahmadi pour H , Zamani N. Comparing the performance of interns
in outpatient care for children under 5 years in the usual care and integrated care for sick children [Mana] of children in specialized clinics Isfahan . Teb va Tazkiyeh Journal, Book of abstracts of the Eleventh International Conference on Medical Education.2007. P. 185. [Persian]
8- Majouji T, Khameh chinan T, Mazouji M.The role of basic science in the professional competence of of physicians in view of clinical sciences Kashan University of Medical Sciences.
Steps in the Development of Medical Education2012;9(1):91_96. [Persian]
9- Mirza Rahimi M, Ismaili F , Naslsaraji F . Awareness detection of the Ardabil medical university interns about the acute respiratory tract infection control[according to MANA strategy]..
[Dissertation], Islamic Azad University of Ardebil, Ardabil; 2010. [Persian]
10- Allami A, Saffari F.Correlation of OSCE and Pre-internship examination results. Journal of
Medical Education Development.
2014;7(13);57_6. [Persian]
11- Zeinali Z, Mirhaghjou N, Mirzaee M, Alhani F, Kazemnejad Le, Dehghani M. The effect of family centered care on meeting parental information needs of hospitalized children.
Holistic Nursing. 2012;22(67);30-37. [Persian]
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
Presenting IMCI National Program to Medical Trainees, Interns and Pediatric Residents in Approaching Sick Children
Foladi Nejad M1, Jouybari L1, Arian Nejad S1, Mohammadian S1, Cheraghali F1, Alai E1, Sobhani Shahmirzadi M1, Safaeyan B1, Amoeyan S1, Sanagoo A1, Sabzi Z1, Kalantary S1
1Deputy Of Education, Education Development Center & Taleghani Pedicatric Teaching Hospital Golestan, University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan Iran
Corresponding Author: Jouybari L, Education Development Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Email: [email protected]
Received: 12 May 2015 Accepted: 28 Jul 2015
Background and Objective: The purpose of this project was applying IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) as an educational intervention for the medical trainees, interns and pediatric residents in approach with sick children.
Materials and Methods: In this educational intervention all of the trainees, interns, and residents at Golestan Medical Sciences University in 2010-2011 participated in the research. The procedures of implementation and evaluation were documented. In order to study the participants' experiences and perspectives (faculty members, students, mothers of children) semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data was analyzed using content analysis method.
Results: The MANA Program was a practical approach in educational programs for the medical students in pediatrics wards. The analysis of participants' experiences revealed five themes "usefulness of IMCI teaching method", " IMCI implementing problems", "algorithmic thinking", and "feasibility". The analysis of care receivers' experiences indicated two main themes "satisfaction" and "sometimes boredom".
Conclusion: To get the best results in implementing IMCI Program in clinical pediatrics courses, modifications and changes in the current health care settings and also integrated and continuous coordination is highly essential.
Keywords: MANA, Disease management, Sick child, Pediatrics, Medical students, Educational intervention, Qualitative research
Downloaded from zums.ac.ir at 8:28 IRDT on Sunday May 14th 2017
