ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﺛا ﻪﺷﻮﺧﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ لﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر
يا
يﺮﻗﺎﺑ اﺮﻫز
1
نﺎﮔدازﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﻠﻋ ،
نﺎﺧ ﺎﺿر ،
2ﯽﺋﺎﺑﺎﺑ يدﺎﻫﺮﻓ بﻮﯾا ،
34
1 - يرﺎﺳ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
2 - ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد يرﺎﺳ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ
3 - ﻞﺑﺎﺑ ﯽﻧاوﺮﯿﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﮏﯾﺰﯿﻓ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا
4 - يرﺎﺳ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻣاد مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا
) ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :
29 / 03 / 98 شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :
16 / 06 / 98 (
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ يا
ﺑ ،هﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ يراﺰﺑا هداد ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﯽﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ياﺮ
هﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ يﺎﻫ )
ءاﺰﺟا ،تاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ (
هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ .
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ شور بآ و ﺮﯿﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺎﺑ يا
ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ) نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ (
ﻒﮐ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻣد و مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ تﺎﻔﺻ زا يﺮﺴﮑﯾ ﺮﺑ ،ﯽﺷﻮﭘ
ﺪﺷ . زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد 4
و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ عﻮﻧ 6
ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﻧر يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ و ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ،ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد تﺎﻔﺻ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻣد
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﺪﻨﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا ار ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ يﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ .
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ رﺎﺨﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻣد رد ،ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻨﻘﺒﻃ
وﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻮﻬﺘﯿﺴﻧاد داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳ
) 05 /0
<
.(p ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ
و a ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ b .
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ،ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ نورد ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ مﺪﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ،يا
2 ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﺪﺷ . ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻦﯾا رد بآ يﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ،
ﻒﮐ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ رد ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﻣ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺷﻮﭘ
درﻮﺧ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ،ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ )
(L ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫردﻮﭘ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ و ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺗ
ﺪﻧراد يﺮﺗ . زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﻒﮐ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ياﺮﺑ يا
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ شور ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
نﺎﮔژاو ﺪﯿﻠﮐ :
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﻒﮐ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ،ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ،يزﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ ،يا
ﯽﺷﻮﭘ
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ :
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯾ
هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺨﭘ هرﺎﺑود ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺎ ﯾ1
ﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻨﺒﻟ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﮏ
بآ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ،ﺖﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻟﺎﺘﯾا ﯿﻨﭘ
يﺮ ﯾ ﯽﻨﺒﻟ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ زا ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﮏ
ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ،زﻮﺘﮐﻻ يوﺎﺣ ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ داﻮﻣ ،لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ
دوﺪﺣ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺮﯿﺷ ﯽﺑﺮﭼ و 50
ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﻫد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﺮﯿﺷ ]
1 .[
و ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﯿﻟوا pH 6
ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ صاﻮﺧ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ و دراد ،ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ،يا
ﯿﻤﯿﺷ ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ،نآ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﯿﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎ
ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 2 .[
ﻒﮐ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﺷﻮﭘ
ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
،يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
شور ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻫ يﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ و ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ار .
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻒﮐ
نآ ﯽﻃ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ شﻮﭘ
ﮏﯾ ﯽﻣ هدﺰﻤﻫ ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ ﺎﯾ ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﻒﮐ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ
شور ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ،دﻮﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ . ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻣد ،زا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ شور ﻦﯾا ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﯾاﺰﻣ
ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ هﺎﺗﻮﮐ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز و ﺮﺗ
] 3 .[
ﻒﮐ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﺷﻮﭘ
ﺎﯾ و ترﺎﺴﺧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﻒﯿﻔﺧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ رد ﯽﺋﺰﺟ دﻮﺷ
] 4 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻒﮐ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا يﺎﻫردﻮﭘ رد ﯽﺑﻮﺧ يزﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ،ﯽﺷﻮﭘ
ﺪﻧراد بآ ] 5 .[
و يدورو ياﻮﻫ يﺎﻣد زا ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺛا
شراﺰﮔ ﺎﻫردﻮﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺮﺑ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ . هﺮﯿﺧذ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻦﯾا زا
ﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ،يزﺎﺳ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ،ﺎ
ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ و يﺪﻨﺑ دﻮﺷ
] 6 .[
شور ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻒﮐ شور زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﯽﺷﻮﭘ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﺑ يردﻮﭘ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ،ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻣارﺎﭘ و ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﯽﻣ ردﻮﭘ ﯽﮕﻧر يﺎﻫﺮﺘ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺷور يا
هوﺮﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يﺪﻨﺑ يﺎﻫ
اﺰﺟا زا ﻦﮕﻤﻫ )
تاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،دراﻮﻣ ﺎﯾ (
ﯽﻣ هﺪﯿﻣﺎﻧ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
.
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ رد اﺰﺟا ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻪﮐ هزاﺪﻧا نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺑ صﺎﺧ يا
ياﺰﺟا ﺎﺑ دراد نﺎﮑﻣا ﺰﯿﻧ هزاﺪﻧا نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ]
7 .[
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ زا فﺪﻫ يﺪﻨﺑ
هوﺮﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ هداد ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺪﻨﺑ
گرﺰﺑ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﮏﯾ زا ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫ
هداد ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رﺎﺘﻓر زا ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻤﻧ دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ ،هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 8 .[
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ،ﻪﺘﺳﺪﻨﯾارد ﻪﺷﻮﺧ زا ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫ
دﻮﺸﯿﻣ عوﺮﺷ ﯽﮑﺗ .
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﯾ
مﺎﻏدا ﻪﭼرﺎﭙﮑ ﺎﺗ هﺪﺷ
ﻮﺧ ﻪﺷ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ود مﺎﻏدا زا ﺲﭘ ،ﺪﻨﻫد ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ار ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺪﻨﭼ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ شور ،ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ مﺎﻏدا ﺎﺑ نﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ هﺮﻣﻮﻠﮔآ يﺪﻨﺑ
1. Recooked
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ زا يﺮﮕﯾد ﺖﻔﺟ ﯽﻣ اﺪﯿﭘ ﻪﻣاداﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﮐ . ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﺎﺗ شور ﻦﯾا
ﯽﻣ ﻪﻣادا ﯾ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺑﺎ مﺎﻏدا گرﺰﺑ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد يﺪﻨﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺰﯿﻣآ ]
7 .[
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و رﻮﭘﺰﯾﺰﻋ )
2017 ( ﺮﺛا
لﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ار ﻮﮕﯿﻣ هرﻮﭘ ﻒﮐ صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺋﻮﻠﮐورﺪﯿﻫ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺪﻧداد راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ يا
. عاﻮﻧا ﺮﺛا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد
ياﺮﺑ ﻮﮕﯿﻣ ﻒﮐ صاﻮﺧ يور ﺮﺑ ار ﺎﻫﺪﯿﺋﻮﻠﮐورﺪﯿﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﮐراﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا .
نوﺪﺑ ﻮﮕﯿﻣ ﻒﮐ
ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽﺸﮐ هز ﻢﺠﺣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ،ﻎﻤﺻ ندوﺰﻓا ﻎﻤﺻ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻒﮐ ﯽﺸﮑﻫز ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﻫ
دﺮﮐاﺪﯿﭘ . ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺑﺮﻋ ﻎﻤﺻ،يا
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻪﺳ رد )
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ 5 ( ﺮﺛا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ )
ﯽﺸﮑﻫز ﻢﺠﺣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ
ﻒﮐ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد و (
ﻣ هرﻮﭘ صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ار ﺖﺷاد ﻮﮕﯿ
] 9 .[
و نﺎﺒﺳﺎﭘ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2014 ( ار نﺎﺘﻧاز ﻎﻤﺻ و ﯽﻣﻮﺑ يﺪﯿﺋﻮﻠﮐورﺪﯿﻫ تاﺮﺛا
ﻪﻤﮐد چرﺎﻗ هرﻮﭘ ﻒﮐ صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﻔﺳ يا
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يا .
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ
رد نﺎﺘﻧاز ﻎﻤﺻ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ و w / w
1/
0 ﻪﻧاد ﻎﻤﺻ و رد ﯽﻫﺎﺷ
w / w 3 /0 و 5/
0 رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ
ﻪﻤﮐد چرﺎﻗ هرﻮﭘ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﯿﻔﺳ يا
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗ ] 10 .[
تاﺮﺛا ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا فﺪﻫ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد و ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻒﮐ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺷﻮﭘ
ﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ و ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - داﻮﻣ
بآ ردﻮﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﮏﺸﺧﺮﯿﺷ و ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
) هﺎﮕﭘ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ
سرﺎﻓ ( غﺮﻣ ﻢﺨﺗ هﺪﯿﻔﺳ ردﻮﭘ ، )
مزاﻮﻟ هﺎﮕﺷوﺮﻓ زا هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
يدﺎﻨﻗ ( نﺎﺘﻧاز ﻎﻤﺻ و )
نﺎﯿﺳرﺎﭘ مﺎﮔ نﺎﺤﯾر ﺖﮐﺮﺷ (
يراﺪﯾﺮﺧ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻣﺎﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ تاﺰﯿﻬﺠﺗ نوآ ﻞ
) لﺪﻣ UFLLO
، Memert
نﺎﻤﻟآ ،
( ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ،
) لﺪﻣ T4-50CC ناﺮﯾا ،ﺰﯿﻬﺠﺗ مورُا ،
(،
ﯽﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﯽﻗﺮﺑ نﺰﻤﻫ
) لﺪﻣ GHM818 ،
GOSONIC ﻦﯿﭼ ،
( ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ، بﻮﮐ
ﯽﻗﺮﺑ ) لﺪﻣ MQ-320
، Braun نﺎﻤﻟآ ، ( لﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد يوزاﺮﺗ ، )
HS-
،300S MT electronic ﻦﯿﭼ ،
( ، ﺮﺘﻣpH ) لﺪﻣ CP-511 ،
ELMETRON
، نﺎﺘﺴﻬﻟ ( ﻪﺸﯿﺷ مزاﻮﻟ و دﻮﺑ يا
.
2 - 2 - ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ عﻮﻧ رﺎﻬﭼ بآ و ﺮﯿﺷ زا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
) نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ 1
: 0 - 100 نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ، 2
: 3/
33 - 7/
66 ،
نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ 3
: 7/
66 - 3/
33 نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ، 4
: 100 - 0 ( ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ .
بآ ردﻮﭘ زا ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﭘ
و ﺮﯿﻨ
و ﺪﺷ ﻞﺣ بآ رد ﮏﺸﺧﺮﯿﺷ دﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ نآpH
) 1 لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ( دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ
7 ﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ .
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 15 يﺎﻣد رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 86
تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد
ﺲﭙﺳ و هﺪﯾد ﮏﯿﺘﮐﻻﺪﯿﺳا ﺎﺑ نآpH
) 1 لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ( ﻪﺑ 5 ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ . رود ﺎﺑ ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ زا ﻪﺘﺨﻟ دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ 4000
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 10
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ]
11 .[
2 - 3 - هدﺎﻣآ ﻮﻤﻧ يزﺎﺳ ﻪﻧ
ﺎﻫ
،ﻒﮐ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ 20
هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ مﺮﮔ 3
ﺪﺻرد
و ﻦﯿﻣﻮﺒﻟآ 15
/0 بآ ﺎﺑ ،نﺎﺘﻧاز ﻎﻤﺻ ﺪﺻرد )
نﺪﯿﺳر ياﺮﺑ
نزو ﻪﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ 100
مﺮﮔ ( ﺪﺷ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ .
ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺪﺷ هﺰﯿﻧژﻮﻤﻫ ﯽﻗﺮﺑ بﻮﮑﺘﺷﻮﮔ 5
نﺰﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
ﺪﯾآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻒﮐ ﺎﺗ هدﺰﻤﻫ ،ﯽﻗﺮﺑ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺎﻫ
ﻒﮐ ي
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺎﺑ 5
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ رد ﺮﺘﻣ 6 ﺎﻣد ) 50℃ ، 55℃ ، 60℃ ، 65℃ ،
70℃ ، 75℃ ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ .
2 - 4 - هزاﺪﻧا ردﻮﭘ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ يﺮﯿﮔ
2 - 4 - 1 - ردﻮﭘ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﺎﺗ جرﺪﻣ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا رد ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ ،يا هدﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ 10
ﺪﺷ نزو ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪﺘﺨﯾر ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ]
12 .[
2 - 4 - 2 - ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ
1 ﻫ ردﻮﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺮﮔ رد ﺪﯾﺮﻠﮐ ﻢﯾﺪﺴﻋﺎﺒﺷا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤ
هداد راﺮﻗ رﻮﺗﺎﮑﯿﺳد ﺪﺷ
. زا ﺲﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 10
- 7 ﺲﻧﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ زور
مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺪﯿﺳر دﻮﺧ فاﺮﻃا ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺷ ] 13 .[
2 - 4 - 3 - ردﻮﭘ ﮓﻧر ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
ﮓﻧر ردﻮﭘ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺞﻨﺳ ﮓﻧر Hunter ColorFlex
ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا ) L ﯽﮔﺪﻨﺸﺧرد ،ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور (،
) a ﺰﻣﺮﻗ و ﺰﺒﺳ ( و ) b درز
و ﯽﺑآ ( هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ ﺪﺷ . ﮏﯾ ﻪﺸﯿﺷ 5/
2 ﯽﭽﻨﯾا يوﺎﺣ ردﻮﭘ
،ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
رد يﻻﺎﺑ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ رﻮﻧ راﺮﻗ هداد ﺪﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ تﺎﻣ هﺪﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘ هﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳا .
،ﺲﭙﺳ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ
،L و a ﺖﺒﺛ b و هﺪﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫﻮﻬﻗ
نﺪﺷ ) (BI ﻪﺑ2
ترﻮﺻ ﺮﯾز ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﺷ : [14]
2 - 5 - يرﺎﻣآ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ
ﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻋ ود ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﮏﯾ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺮ
ﺎﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ حﺮﻄﺒﻟﺎﻗ 3
ﺪﺷ اﺮﺟا راﺮﮑﺗ .
ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ
ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو )
ANOVA (
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ
ﺮﯿﻨﭘ بآ و ﺮﯿﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ )
4 ﺢﻄﺳ ( ﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ ) 6 ﺢﻄﺳ ( ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا و
2. Browning Index
لﺪﻣ ﻪﯾور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻄﺧ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻢﯿﻤﻌﺗ )
(GLM يرﺎﻣآ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رد ﺶﯾاﺮﯾوSAS
1/
9 ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
2 - 6 - ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ
3
يا
ﺎﻣد ﻦﯿﺑ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ )
75℃ - 55 ( ﺮﯿﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ و
ﺮﯿﻨﭘ بآ ﻪﺑ )
100 - 0 ( و ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ،ردﻮﭘ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد تﺎﻔﺻ زا
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ شور زا ﮓﻧر يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يا
.
رد ﻦﯾا شور ﻫ ﺮ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﮏﯾ رد
ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ
و ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺎﺗ رﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا و ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ
ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ياراد ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﮏﯾ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﯽﺒﺗاﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ يﺪﻨﺑ )
(AHC
4
ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا شور Ward ياﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
AHC ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ نﻮﺳﺮﯿﭘ
و
ﯽﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ نزو نوﺪﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻔﺟ شور )
UPGMA
5(
راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رد ﯽﻌﻤﺠﺗ شور ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ XLSTAT 2016
درﻮﻣ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ]
9 .[
3 - ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﺮﺛا ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ و ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد و نﻮ ،هدﻮﺑ راد
ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺢﻄﺳa
95 %
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﯽﻣ راد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 05 /0
<
) (p لواﺪﺟ 1 ، 2 ، 3 و 4 .(
3 - 1 - ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
،ﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ،يزﺎﺳ هﺮﯿﺧذ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ ردﻮﭘ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد و يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ
ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ،دﺮﯿﮔ
و تارذ صاﻮﺧ درﻮﻣ رد ار يﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،تارذ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺋارا تﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺪﻫد
] 6 .[
لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 2
ﺮﺛا و ﺎﻣد ،نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﺛا ،ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ
ﺢﻄﺳ رد ردﻮﭘ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ
% 95 ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﯽﻣ راد ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
) 05 /0
<
.(p ﻪﮐ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻃ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ ﯽﺴﺣ و
ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
يﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﮏﺸﺧ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ شور ﻒﮐ ﯽﺷﻮﭘ
رد ،ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﻄﺑار
ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻣد ﺮﺑ
،ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد رد يﺎﻣد رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﺖﻋﺮﺳ رﺎﺨﺑ
،ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺗ و رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﺮﺗﺰﯾر ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ و ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ كوﺮﭼ ﯽﮔدرﻮﺧ تارذ
ﯽﻣ
،دﻮﺷ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ اد ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 15 .[
يﺎﻫﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ
ﮏﺸﺧ نﺪﺷ ﯾ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑ
،تارذ ﯽﮔﺪﯿﮐوﺮﭼ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ
هﺪﺷ تارذ و
ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ ] 16 .[
3. Cluster analysis
4. AgglomerativeHierarchicalClustering
5UnweightedPairGroupMethod with Arithmetic mean
هداد ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ردﻮﭘ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) لوﺪﺟ 1 .(
ﯽﻟﺎﮕﭼ هدﻮﺗ
،يا ﯾ ﮏ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ
ﯽﻟﻮﻧاﺮﮔ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ زا ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ تارذ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ هزاﺪﻧا و
يﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ تارذ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺖﺳا ] 17 .[
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﻻد يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا و يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
،دﺎﯾز ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد هدﻮﺗ يا
ﯾ ﯽﮑ زا ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫردﻮﭘ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ
،ﺪﻧداد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يﺎﻣد ياﻮﻫ و يدور ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد هدﻮﺗ يا ﯽﻣ ردﻮﭘ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﺖﺷاد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ
] 16 و 18 و 19 .[
هدﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،دراد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ ردﻮﭘ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ يا
ﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﺻرد و ﯽﺑﺮﭼ )
يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ (
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ
ﯽﻣ ردﻮﭘ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد دﻮﺷ
] 14 .[
و ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ هداد ﺲﻧﺎﯾرا
ﺮﺑ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ردﻮﭘ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﯿﺷ ﺎﺑ يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ار ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ دراد ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ
) لوﺪﺟ 1 .(
Table 1 Effect of Formulation and Foam mat Drying Temperature on Density and Hygroscopicof Ricotta Cheese Powder
Hygroscopic Density
Temperature Formulation
0.0029gh
± 0.078 0.022abcdef
± 0.6802 50
0.005fgh
± 0.083 0.035cdefg
± 0.664 55
0.0028gh
± 0.077 0.053abc
± 0.707 60
0.0022efg
± 0.09 0.01bcdef
± 0.678 65
0.0033fgh
± 0.085 0.059hi
± 0.607 70
0.0025efgh
± 0.088 0.016abcd
± 0.696 75
1
0.0095fgh
± 0.08 0.025i
± 0.596 50
0.0085efgh
± 0.086 0.012i
± 0.5967 55
0.005h
± 0.073 0.019efghi
± 0.643 60
0.005h
± 0.0732 0.023fghi
± 0.63 65
0.0094efgh
± 0.088 0.022cdefg
± 0.66 70
0.0032efgh
± 0.0885 0.014a
± 0.731 75
2
0.0037efg
± 0.091 0.025abcd
± 0.703 50
0.0033fgh
± 0.083 0.024cdefg
± 0.662 55
0.0133def
± 0.096 0.017ghi
± 0.619 60
0.017fgh
± 0.0835 0.01fghi
± 0.634 65
0.009cde
± 0.102 0.028defgh
± 0.652 70
0.0054cd
± 0.108 0.031abcde
± 0.687 75
3
0.004b
± 0.13 0.034abc
± 0.707 50
0.0064ab
± 0.138 0.013abcd
± 0.7 55
0.013b
± 0.133 0.01bcdef
± 0.678 60
0.011c
± 0.115 0.015ghi
± 0.624 65
0.0057b
± 0.1332 0.012ab
± 0.721 70
0.014a
± 0.149 0.027abc
± 0.71 75
4
Different lower case superscripts in the column indicate significant difference (P<0.05)
3 - 2 - ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر بﺬﺟ ياﺮﺑ ردﻮﭘ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ،ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﺖﺳا . ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ،ﺎﻫردﻮﭘ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رد )
بذﺎﺟ
ﻪﺑﻮﻃﺮﻟا ( ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر بﺬﺟ ياﺮﺑ اﺬﻏ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ و لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽﻠﺻا تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
] 19 .[
ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا و ﺎﻣد ،نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﺛا ،ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺎﻫردﻮﭘ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﺮﺑ راد
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) 05 /0
<
(p
) لوﺪﺟ 2 .(
ﯽﯾﺎﻫردﻮﭘ ﻪﮐ
رد يﺎﻣد ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻪﺑ يﺎﻣد ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﺪﻧراد ﯾ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﯽﻨﻌ ﺐﯿﺷ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧراد ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر بﺬﺟ ياﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﻠﻏ دﺎﯾز و لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ بآ ﺖﻈ ياﻮﻫ
ﺖﺳا نآ فاﺮﻃا .
ﻦﯾا
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ دﻮﺑ ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ
]
21 - 18 .[
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يﺎﻣد ياﻮﻫ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺎﻫردﻮﭘ ﯽﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ردﻮﭘ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
دراد ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ]
18 - 13 .[
هداد ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ط
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ
يﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ 75℃
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﯽﻃ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ
ردﻮﭘ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ رﺪﻨﻐﭼ بآ
ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ شور ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ
بآ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ هﺮﺘﻧﺎﺴﻨﮐ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ،ﯽﺸﺷﺎﭘ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
) (wpc ﺮﺑ ار
ﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ردﻮﭘ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،ﺞﯾﺎﺘ
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ ار ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ داد نﺎﺸﻧ wpc
] 18 .[
هداد ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﺮﺑ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ياﺮﺑ ار ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ عﻮﻧ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ 4
داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﯿﺷ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ )
لوﺪﺟ 1 .(
Table 2 Results of analysis of variance of temperature and formulation on Hygroscopy and density of ricotta cheese powder(P<0.05)
Source Density Hygroscopy
df Sum of squares
Mean
square Pr> F df Sum of
squares Mean square Pr> F Formulation 3 0.028 0.0095 <.0001** 3 0.041 0.0138 <.0001**
Temperature 5 0.037 0.0075 <.0001** 5 0.003 0.0006 <.0001**
Formulation Temperature
15 0.081 0.0054 <.0001** 15 0.002 0.0001 0.0187*
Error 72 0.068 0.0009 72 0.006 0.00009
Total 95 0.216 95 0.054
3 - 3 - ﮓﻧر ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
ﯾ ﮓﻧر ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﮏﯾ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﮓﻧر رد بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
دﻮﺷ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ نآ ﯽﺑﺎﯾرازﺎﺑ شزرا و ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻣد .
و نﺎﻣز
ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ زا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ
ﺮﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﮓﻧر داﻮﻣ
ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ] 22 .[
ﺮﺛا ،ﮓﻧر ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ
،L و a ﯽﻨﻌﻣ b ﺪﻧدﻮﺒﻧ راد .
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﺢﻄﺳ رد a
% 95
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺷ راد ) لوﺪﺟ 4 .(
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
يﺎﻣد
ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ ﻒﮐ ﯽﺷﻮﭘ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﮐ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ و a ﺶﻫﺎﮐ b
و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻓا L
ﺶﯾاﺰ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ نﺎﻣز ﮏﺸﺧ
ندﺮﮐ و ﮏﺸﺧ نﺪﺷ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 23 و 24 .[
ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ
رد a هزاﺪﻧا سﺎﺴﺣ ،ﮓﻧر يﺮﯿﮔ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ زا ﺲﭘ ار ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ردﻮﭘ رد تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺪﻫد
.
ﯽﻣ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا ﺪﻨﮐ
] 22 - 18 .[
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد ﮓﻧر تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
هﻮﻬﻗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻤﯾﺰﻧآﺮﯿﻏ نﺪﺷ يا .
ﻞﮑﺷ هﻮﻬﻗ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر يﺮﯿﮔ رد يا
ﯽﻣ درﻼﯿﻣ ﺶﻨﮐاو ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ،نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻃ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
] 22 .[
ﯽﻠﻣاﻮﻋ نﻮﭼ تراﺮﺣ ) رد لﻮﻃ يروآﺮﻓ (،
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر دﺎﯾز و
يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ رد
يﺎﻣد ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﯾﻮﻘﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖ
ﺶﻨﮐاو هﻮﻬﻗ نﺪﺷ يا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ] 25 .[
و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ،ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ هﻮﻬﻗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد نﺪﺷ يا
) (BI
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﺎﺗﻮﮑﯾر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ .
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳر
) 75℃ - 70℃ ( ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻻﺎﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺪﺷ
،ﻒﮐ
مزﻻ نﺎﻣز ياﺮﺑ
مﺎﺠﻧا ﺶﻨﮐاو يﺎﻫ هﻮﻬﻗ يا نﺪﺷ و رد ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ هﺮﯿﺗ
نﺪﺷ ﮓﻧر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد )
55℃ - 50℃ (
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ]
15 .[
ﺮﺑ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ بآ زا يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ يﺎﻫردﻮﭘ ،ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ) (L ﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺘ
ﺪﻧراد ﺮﯿﺷ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ )
لوﺪﺟ 3 .(
تارذ بآ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺰﯾﺎﺳ يﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ تارذ ﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﻧراد ﻦﯾا تارذ ﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ
ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ رﻮﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ هدﺮﮐ و رد ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ) ( L
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ردﻮﭘ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ هﺪﺷ بآ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
راد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ يا و a
ﯽﻣ b ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ]
26 - 23 .[
ﮓﻧر يدرز )
(b ﺖﺤﺗ ، ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﯽﺑﺮﭼ و ﺰﯾﺎﺳ يﺎﻬﻟﻮﺒﻠﮔ
ﯽﺑﺮﭼ هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯾ ﺎ ﺲﮑﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣرد ﺖﺳا ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ
.
لﻮﺒﻠﮔ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺑﺮﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺰﯾﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
يور ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور و
ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﺗﺪﯿﻔﺳ ﻧراد ﺪ . زا ﺎﺠﻧآ ﻪﮐ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ردﻮﭘ b
يﺮﯿﻨﭘ
رد ﻪﮐ ﺶﻧﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ يوﺎﺣ
ﺮﯿﺷ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﺳا ياراد ﯽﺑﺮﭼ
ﺑﯿ يﺮﺘﺸ هدﻮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد دراد يﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑ b
] 14 .[
Table 3 Effect of Formulation and Foam mat Drying Temperature on Color Factorsof Ricotta Cheese Powder
Table 4 Analysis of variance of temperature and formulation effects on color parameters of ricotta cheese powder (p<0.05)
Source L a b BI
df Sum of squares
Mean
square Pr> F df Sum of squares
Mean
square Pr>F df Sum of squares
Mean
square Pr>F df Sum of squares
Mean
square Pr>F Formulation 3
0.012 0.0041 ˢⁿ0.48 3 0.0012 0.00042 0.13ns 3
0.0051 0.0017 0.44ns 3
0.003 0.0012 0.55ns Temperature 5
0.024 0.0048 ˢⁿ0.44 5 0.002 0.00041 ˢⁿ0.11 5
0.0085 0.0017 0.49 ns 5
0.006 0.0012 0.62ns Formulation
Temperature
15 0.076 0.005 ˢⁿ0.45 15 0.0062 0.00041 0.04* 15
0.022 0.0015 0.68 ns 15
0.001 0.001 0.86ns Error 72
0.36 0.005 72
0.016 0.0002 72
0.138 0.0019 72
0.12 0.0017
Total 95 0.47 95 0.025 95 0.175 95 0.15
3 - 4 - ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ يا
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ يﺪﻨﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﻫردﻮﭘ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ
. ﻞﮑﺷ 1
هداد رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫد . ﻪﮑﯿﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺢﻄﺳ مﺪﻋ
ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ يﻮﻗ6
،ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ هداد ﻪﮐ ﻢﯾﺪﯿﺳر ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
هوﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺳد ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ .
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ و
رﺎﮐدﻮﺧ زا ﻦﯾا رﺎﯿﻌﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ يﺮﯿﮔ رد درﻮﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﺗ
6. Dissimilarity level
هوﺮﮔ يﺪﻨﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ . ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺪﻌﺗ دا ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺎﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ
،ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ مﺪﻋ تﻼﭘ ﻢﺳر
ﺪﺷ . ماﺮﮔورﺪﻧد ﻦﯾا زا )
ﻞﮑﺷ 2 (
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ هداد يا
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ مﺪﻋ تﻼﭘزا )
XLSTAT 2016 (
ﺪﺷ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ .
ماﺮﮔورﺪﻧﺪﻨﯾا رﺎﮐ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ
ار ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا ياﺮﺑ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ يﺪﻨﺑ
هداد
،ﺎﻫ و ﺲﭙﺳ هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ رد ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ نو
ار ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫد . رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
،دﻮﺷ ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ
ﻪﻤﻫ هداد ﺎﻫ ار ﻪﺷﻮﺧ هدﺮﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺖﺳا
. ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﯿﭼ نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻨﻫد
BI b
a L
Temperature Formulation
182.44±0.17a 0.092±0.185a
-0.038±0.06b 99.97±0.07a
50
182.3609±0.00041b -0.006±0.001b
0.012±0.0008a 0.07a
± 99.992 55
182.3609±0.0004b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.9975±0.0005a
60
182.361±0.0005b -0.0055±0.0008b
0.011 ±0.00a 99.993±0.0008a
65
182.3653±0.007b -0.0015±0.007b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.991±0.001a
70
182.3616±0.0008b -0.0052±0.00b
0.011±0.00a 99.996±0.0005a
75 1
182.3655±0.0079b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.9977±0.0004a
50
182.3617±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.9977±0.0004a
55
182.3609±0.0004b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.9972±0.0004a
60
182.3609±0.0004b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.9972±0.0004a
65
182.3611±0.0002b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.997±0.0007a
70
182.361±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.998 75
2
182.361±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.998 50
182.361±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.998 55
182.361±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.998 60
182.361±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.998 65
182.361±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.998 70
182.361±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.998 75
3
182.3609±0.0004b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.998 50
182.3609±0.00043b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.826±0.29b
55
182.361±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.999 60
182.3609±0.00043b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.998±0.0004a
65
182.3609±0.00b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 0.00a
± 99.998 70
182.3609±0.0004b -0.006±0.001b
0.012 ±0.00a 99.998±0.0004a
75 4
Different lower case superscripts in the column indicate significant difference (P<0.05)
ﻒﻗﻮﺗ رﺎﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ندروآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ياﺮﺑ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ زا بﻮﺧ يﺪﻨﺑ زا ،ﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ
ﺎﺑ AHC
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﺳ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﮏﯾ رد نﺎﺸﯾﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ .
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﺳ نﺎﯿﻣ زا 2
ﻪﺑ
هﺪﯾا ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا لآ
. لوﺪﺟ 5 نورد ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو
نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺖﯾﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ و ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ و ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ،ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫد . ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ يﺪﻨﺑ
،هﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﯾا يﺎﻫ
% 01 / 34 ﯿﻐﺗ و ﻪﺷﻮﺧ نورد تاﺮﯿ
% 99 / 65 ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻦﯿﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺪﻫد
) لوﺪﺟ 6 .(
لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 7
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﮐ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻢﻫ زا ﺎﻫ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ،ﺪﻫد
1 و 2 ، 104 /0 و
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ 1 و 3 ، 065 /0 ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ و 2
و 3 ، 046 /0 ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ياﺰﺟا 1
نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ 2
%) 7/
66 بآ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
% / 3/
33
ﮏﺸﺧﺮﯿﺷ (
يﺎﻣد 55℃
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ، 2 نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ 3
%) 3/
33
بآ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
% / 7/
66 ﮏﺸﺧﺮﯿﺷ (
يﺎﻣد 60℃
، ﻪﺷﻮﺧ 3
نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ 1
%) 100 بآ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ( يﺎﻣد 65℃
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) لوﺪﺟ 8 .(
و ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ مﺪﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ،ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ،ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ نورد ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ 2
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد هدﻮﺗ يا ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ردﻮﭘ ﺖﺳا . ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯽﺑﺮﭼ
ﺐﺒﺳ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد هدﻮﺗ يا ردﻮﭘ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ردﻮﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
هﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
زا بآ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ،ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 16 - 14 .[
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ
،ﺪﻨﻫد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يﺎﻣد ياﻮﻫ يدورو ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
د ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧا هدﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ يا دﻮﺷ ] 19 .[
رد يﺎﻣد رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ رﺎﺨﺑ
،ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ
،دﺎﯾز ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﻢﺠﺣ
،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ تارذ هﺪﺷ
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ كوﺮﭼ
ﯽﮔدرﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ تارذ
ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﻦﯾﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،دﻮﺷ ﯾ
ﺪﺑﺎ
] 27 - 18 .[
ﭘ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر بﺬﺟ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ فﺮﻌﻣ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ زا ردﻮ
ﯽﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يﺎﻣد ياﻮﻫ يدورو ﺚﻋﺎﺑ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻊﯾﺮﺳ
ﻪﯾﻻ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﺢﻄﺳ هرذ دﻮﺸﯿﻣ . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
هزاﺪﻧا تارذ رد رﺎﻨﮐ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ﯽﮕﺘﺧﻮﺳ رد 7
تارذ رد يﺎﻫﺎﻣد
دﻮﺷﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ . ﻦﯾا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ رﺎﺨﺑ
رد ﺢﻄﺳ هرذ و ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﺒﺣ بﺎ يﺎﻫ رﺎﺨﺑ و
شﺮﺘﺴﮔ تارذ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 28 .[
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يﺎﻣد ياﻮﻫ ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺎﻫردﻮﭘ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 18 .[
يﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد
ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻻﺎﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺪﺷ ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ نﺎﻣز ،ﻒﮐ
7. Casehardening
ﺶﻨﮐاو مﺎﺠﻧا هﻮﻬﻗ يﺎﻫ
ﮓﻧر نﺪﺷ هﺮﯿﺗ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧرد و نﺪﺷ يا
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
بآ ردﻮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ) (L ﯽﻣ ردﻮﭘ دﻮﺷ . تارذ بآ ﺰﯾﺎﺳﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﺖﺒﺳ تارذ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﻧراد ﻦﯾا تارذ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ
ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻧ رﻮ ﮏﻤﮐ هدﺮﮐ و رد ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ) ( L ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﯽﻣ وﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺶﻫ
دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ ]
15 .[
تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ رد يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ chroma
و ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ BI ﻪﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ b
ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺖﺳا ] 12 .[
Fig 1 Histogram of node levels
Fig 2 Dendrogram of hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward’s method) of Physical Characteristics of
Ricotta Powder: cluster (C), Formulation (A), Temperature (B)
Table 5 Results by class
Class 1 2 3
Objects 9 8 7
Sum of weights 9 8 7
Within-class variance 0.002 0.001 0.001 Minimum distance to centroid 0.011 0.008 0.015 Average distance to centroid 0.033 0.021 0.026 Maximum distance to centroid 0.067 0.035 0.043 A1B1 A1B2 A1B4
A1B6 A1B3 A1B5
A2B4 A2B1 A2B5
A3B1 A2B2 A3B3
A3B4 A2B3 A3B5
A4B1 A2B4 A4B3
A4B2 A3B2 A4B4
A4B5 A3B4
A4B6
Table 6 Variance decomposition for the optimal classification Absolute Percent
Within-class 0.001 34.01%
Between-classes 0.002 65.99%
Total 0.003 100.00%
Table 7 Distances between the class centroids
1 2 3
1 0 0.104 0.065
2 0.104 0 0.046
3 0.065 0.046 0
Table 8 Central objects
Class Powder density Hygroscopy Color
1 (A3B4) 0.736 0.116 182.361
2 (A3B2) 0.632 0.088 182.361
3 (A2B5) 0.673 0.101 182.362
4 - يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ
ﺎﻣد و نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ،هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و هدﻮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺘﯿﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ و ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺎﻣد و نﻮﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ
% 95 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ a
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رد
يﺎﻣد ﻻﺎﺑرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﺖﻋﺮﺳ رﺎﺨﺑ
،ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺎﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺗ و رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﺗﺰﯾر ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ و ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ كوﺮﭼ
ﯽﮔدرﻮﺧ تارذ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ و ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد و ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ دﻮﺷ
. ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻣد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ندﺮﮐ و a
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ b .
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﺻرد
ﯽﻣ نآ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ دﻮﺷ
. ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ندﻮﺑ ﻢﮐ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر بﺬﺟ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ردﻮﭘ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ) ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ (
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ،يا
2 ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ نورد
ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻪﺷﻮﺧ لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ رد ،يﺪﻨﺑ
2 ،
نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ 2
ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﺎﻣد و ردﻮﭘ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻦﯾا رد ،ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
بآ يﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﻣ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ درﻮﺧ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ
هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫردﻮﭘ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ﻞﺒﻗ تﺎﺤﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻣد رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮕﯿﻫ و ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺗ
ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﻢﯾراد يﺮﺗ .
5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Effect of Formulation and Different Drying Temperatures on Physical Properties of Ricotta Powder with Cluster Analysis
Model
Bagheri, Z. 1, Motamedzadegan, A. 2 , Khanbabaie, R. 3 , Farhadi, A. 4
1. Master student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesUniversity,Sari, Iran
2. Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesUniversity,Sari, Iran
3. Assistant Professor, Departmentof Physics, Noushirovani Industrial University of Babol,Babol, Iran 4. Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and
Natural ResourcesUniversity,Sari, Iran (Received: 2019/06/19 Accepted:2019/09/07)
Cluster analysis (CA) is a multivariate tool used to organize a set of multivariate data (observations, objects) into groups called clusters. The cluster analysis method was carried out on characteristics of Ricotta cheese powder, with the effect of milk/whay ratio (formulation) and foam mat drying temperature. In this study, 4 types of formulations and 6drying temperature were used to study the density, hygroscopic and color factors to find the formulation and optimal temperature that created the proper physical properties. The results of analysis of variance showed high temperature due to higher vapor velocity, decreased density and increased hygroscopicity (p<0.05). Also, with increasing temperature, the index "L"decreased and the indices "a" and "b" decreased. According to the results of cluster analysis, cluster 2 was selected as the best cluster for the least disparity between treatments and also due to the lowest Within-group variance. In this cluster, cheeses with a high percentage of whey in the formulation combination and low temperatures are found to foam mat drying.According to the results, the Lightness (L) of the powders of this cluster is higher, and at lower temperatures the density and hygroscopy are lower. Based on the results in general, the use of cluster analysis to select formulations for foam mat drying of ricotta cheese is a suitable method.
Keywords: Cluster Analysis ,Modeling , Ricotta , Foam Mat Drying
Corresponding Author’s E-Mail: [email protected]
