ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ٦٢
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ٢ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ، ١٣٨٨ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ١٦٧
ﺎﺗ ١٧٤
١٦٧
ﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻱ Medicago
sativa
،
Trifolium repens Sanguisorba minor ،
Trifolium pratens ﻭ
ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺪﻧﺯﺍ
ﻭ ۱
ﯽﻗﺩﺎﺻ ﺎﺿﺭﺪﻴﻤﺣﺪﻴﺳ
۲*
ﺶﻧﺍﺩ۱
ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﺍﺩ ،ﯽﻳﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﯽﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﯼﺭﺍﺩ
ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،
ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻴﺸﻧﺍﺩ۲
، ،ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﯽﻳﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ ﯽﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
١٨ / ٩ / ٨٥ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ، :
١٢ / ١٢ / ٨٧ (
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎﻫﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﻭ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻢﻴﻠﻗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺎﻫﺪﻤﻋ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺁ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪ
ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﯼ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻫﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
. ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﯽﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ
ﻧﻮﮔ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻪ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻱ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ
Medicago sativa Trifolium repens،
Sanguisorba minor، ﻭ
Trifolium pratens ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫﻭ
ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ
ﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻲﻃ ﺭﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺱﺭ
١٣٨٤ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪ
ﺎﻫ ﯼ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ
٢٧ / ٥٠ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ ٨٥
ﺯﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺯﻭﺭ ٣٠
ﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ٢٢
ﺮﻴﺗ ﻲﻧﺯﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺷ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻱﺎﻫ
Trifolium pratens Medicago sativaﻭ
ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ٢٥٣ / ٤٩٨ ﻭ ٢٧٤ / ٥٩ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ .
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﯽﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﻮﮐﺍ ﯽﺑﺁ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
ﻼﺻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﯼﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺣ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺯﺎﺳ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯼﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﯼﺍ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﯽﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ :
ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ,
ﻲﻧﺯﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ Medicago sativa,
Sanguisorba minor ، Trifolium pratens،
Trifolium ،
repens
ﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ * ﻝ
: ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : ٠١٢٢٦٢٥٣١٠٢
ﺲﮐﺎﻓ : ٠١٢٢٦٢٥٣٤٩٩ E-mail: [email protected]
۱۶۸
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
…
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺣ ﺮـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ ﺮـﻘﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﺎﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺩﻭﺪ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ . ﻲـﻣ ﻲﮔﺪـﻧﺯ ﻲﻃﺎﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
ﺎﻧﺁ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻥ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ .
ﺴـﻧﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﻧ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻥﺎﻧﺂ
ﻲﻣ ﺏﺁ ﺏﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺧﺮﺑ ﻮﺸـﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲ ﺭ
ﺖـﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻜﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻛﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﭘ ١
ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻋﺫﺍ ﻭ ﺪـﻧﺍ
ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ ﻪـﻛ
ﻲﻜﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻛﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺯﺎﺑ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ
ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻲـﻣ ﺏﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
) ۵ (.
ﻩﺪـﻤﻋ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻴـﻠﻗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸـﻛ ﻊـﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻤ
ﻪ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻚﺸﺧ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺍﺬﻟ ، ﻩﺮـﻬﺑ ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻨﻴﻬﺑ
ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺍﺭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻱﺮﻣﺍ ﻲﻜﻳﮊﻮﻟﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ )
٣ .(
ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻭ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﮏﻳ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ،ﻥﺁ ﺖـﺳﺩ
ﺭﺩ ﯽـﻤﻬﻣ ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﯽـﺑﺁ ﺕﺎـﻔﻠﺗ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺏﺁ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ) ۸ .(
ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﻲﻳﺎـﻣﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻮﻣ
ﺏﺁ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻉﺎﺒﺷﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ
ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺎـﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺍﻮﻫ ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ
. ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ
ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻡﻭﺰﻟ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺁ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺎﺑ ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻛ
ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﻫﺩﺯﺎـﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻑﺮﺼـﻣ
ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
. ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺣﻼـﺻﺍ ﯼﺎـﻫ
ﺮﺑ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ
ﻧﻮﮔ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻪ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﯼﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴـﺑ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲﻠﻛ ﯽـﻟﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﯽﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺛﺎﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ
٢ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﮏـﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻭ ﯽﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ
ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﯼﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮﺗ
) ۱ .(
ﯽﺗﺭﺎـﺒﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻳ ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ
ﻱﺍﺰـﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻜﻳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﮏﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﺏﺁ ﻪـﺧﺮﭼ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ .
ﻪـﺑ ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺮـﺑ ﻢﮐﺎـﺣ ﯽـﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﻭ ﯽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ
ﻪﺑ ﯼﺎـﻣﺩ ﻑﻼﺘـﺧﺍ ،ﮒﺮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ،ﺍﻮﻫ ﺭﺎﺨﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ
ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﯽﻫﺎـﻴﮔ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ،ﮒﺮﺑ ﻝﻮﻃ ،٣
،ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ،ﺵﺭﺎﺑ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ
ﻭ ﺍﻮﻫ ﯼﻮـﺘﺤﻣ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﮎﺎﺧ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃﺭ )
۹ ، ۱۰ ، ۱۱ ﻭ ۱۶ .(
ﻑﻼـﺧ ﺮـﺑ
‐
١ Ecological Crisis
‐
٢ Transpiration
‐
٣ Leaf Area Index, LAI
ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻩﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻞـﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻉﻮـﻧ ﺮـﻫ ﺭﺩ
ﻲــﻣ ﻡﺎــﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﺤﻄــﺳ ﻩﺪــﻳﺪﭘ ﻚــﻳ ﻕﺮــﻌﺗ ﺩﻮــﺷ
ﻲﺘﺴــﻳﺯ ﻭ
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻜﻳﮋﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ
ﻝﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﻱ
ﻚﻨﺧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺍﺭ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺯﺎﺳ . ﺪـﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ
ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺩ ﺏﺁ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺭ ﻪـﺑ
ﻪﺳ ﻪـﻧﺯﻭﺭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻜﺷ
٤ﻱﺍ ﻲﻟﻮـﻜﻴﺗﻮﻛ ، ﻱﺬـﻔﻨﻣ ﻭ ٥
ﻢﻴﺴـﻘﺗ ٦
ﻲﻣ ﻪـﻧﺯﻭﺭ ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ ﻥﺎـﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻪـﻴﻘﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﺮـﺗ
ﻲــﻣ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ) ۵ .(
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎــﻣﺯ ﺕﺍﺮــﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻕﺮــﻌﺗ ﻩﺪــﻳﺪﭘ
ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﻣ ،ﺯﻭﺭ
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪـﻤﻋ ﺭﻮﻃ
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺕﺍ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺎـﻴﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻳﮋﻟﻮـﻳﺰﻴﻓ
ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺸـﻳﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
) ۲ .(
ﻪﺴـﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪـﻨﻴﻣﺯ ،ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻅﺎـﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺍﺭ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ
ﻲـﻣ ﺩﺯﺎـﺳ . ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ
ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﻫﺎـﻴﮔ ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻲﻃ ﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺑﺁ ﺖـﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺮـﺛﺍ
ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺎـﻴﮔ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻭ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ
ﺭﺎﻤـﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻭﺭ . ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺮـﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﺪـﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻢـﻫ ﺎـﺑ
ﺡﺮـﻄﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﺍﺮـﻳﺯ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ
ﻭ ﻲـﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻱﺯﺎـﺳﺍﺪﺟ
ﻥﺎـﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻲﺘﺨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﺩﺮـﺑ ،
ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﮑﻟ ﺎﻧﺁ
ﻥ ﺖـﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﯽﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺍﺪــﻠﮔ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﯽــﻧﺯﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪــﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯼﺮﺘﻤﻴﺴــﻳﻻ ﺎــﻳ ٧
ﺯﺍ ٨
ﻩﺩﺎــﺳ ﻲــﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮــﺗ ﻦﻳﺮــﺗ
ﻥﺎــﻧﺁ ﻪــﺑ ﻲــﻣ ﺭﺎﻤــﺷ ﺪــﻳﺁ
) ۱۱ ( .
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ ﯼﺮﻴﮔ
ﯽﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻦﻴﺘﺴـﺨﻧ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋــﭘ ﺎــﺑ ﻪــﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻨــﻛﺍﻭ
ﻪــﻧﻮﮔ ﻕﺮــﻌﺗ Atriplex
nummularia ﺮﻤﻟﺎﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﮎﺎﺧ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻭ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ )
۱۹۶۴ ( ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ،
ﯼﺮـﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ Atriplex nummularia
،ﻪـﺒﻨﭘ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ
ﺷ ﻭ ﯽﮑﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻂﻳﺍﺮ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﯼﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ
‐
٤ Stomatal transpiration
‐
٥ Cuticular Transpiration
‐
٦ Lenticular Transpiration
‐
٧ Gravimeteric Method
‐
٨ Lysimeter
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ٦٢
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ٢ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ، ١٣٨٨ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ١٦٧
ﺎﺗ ١٧٤
١٦٩
) ۱۵ .(
ﺭﺪﻟﺎﮐ ) ۱۹۷۸ ( ﻑﻮـﻛ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺴـﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﻣ
) ۱۹۸۵ ( ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺰــﻳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺰــﺗﺮﺑﺍﺭ ،ﭗــﻟﺁ ﻩﻮــﮐ ﻪــﻨﻣﺍﺩ )
۱۹۹۳ ( ﺏﻮــﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺪﻨﻫ )
۲۰۰۰ ( ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺪﺋﻮﺳ ﺭﺩ
ﺝﺎﮐ ﯽﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﭗﻴﺗ ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺘﻳﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﮕﻨﺟ ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﯼﻭﺭ ،ﺮﺑﻮﻨﺻ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺗ ﺍ ﯽﻠﮕﻨﺟ ﯼﺎﻫ ﻭ
ﺪـﻗ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻥﺎﺘﺧﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺱﻮﺘﭙﻴﻟﺎﮐ
Pinus ponderosa ﺎـــﺑ
ﻩﺮـــﻬﺑ ﻱﺮـــﻴﮔ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺎـــﻫ
ﻻ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏ ،ﻦﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﻳ ﯼﺮﺘﻤﻴﺴﻳ ﻩﺍﺭ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﯼﺮﻴﮔ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ
ﺭﺩ ﺏﺁ ﻥﺎـﻳﺮﺟ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﯼﮊﻮﻟﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﯼﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻢﻠﻳﺰﮔ ﺪـﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﯼﺮﻴﮔ
) ۹ ،
۱۰ ، ۱۶ ﻭ ۱۸ .(
ﻛ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻙﺎـﻧﺮﻴ )
۲۰۰۱ ( ﻪـﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺎـﻴﮔ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺶﻳﺎﭘ Solanum melogenea
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻠﮔ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺯﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﺁ
ﯽﮑﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﯽ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﺕﺪـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﮎﺎﺧ
۱۶ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﺘﻔﻫ ﺖﻋﺎــﺳ
ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻪــﮐ ﺪــﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸــﻧ ،ﺯﻭﺭ ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ۶ ﻭ ﺢﺒـﺻ ۸
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺐﺷ ۲
ﺍ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﺮـﻬﻇ ﺯ ﻲـﻣ ﺥﺭ ﺪـﻫﺩ
) ۱۱ .(
ﺖﺴﻳﺮﺑﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ )
٢٠٠٣ ( ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ
ﻕﺮــﻌﺗ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮــﺑ ﺱﺎﮔﻮــﺳﻻ ﻩﺎــﻴﮔ
Bromus tecturum
ﻭ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴــﻣ ﻪــﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﺸــﻳﺭ ﻝﻮــﻃ ﺖﻣﺎﺨــﺿ )
١٤ (.
ﻭﺭﻮــﻣ ﻭ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ )
٢٠٠٤ ( ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺮـﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺭ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻩﺮﻴﺷ ﻱﻭ Phragmites australia
ﺎـﺑ ﺪﻨﺘـﺷﺍﺩ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻫﺎـﻴﮔ ﻩﺮﻴـﺷ ﻥﺎـﻳﺮﺟ ﻲﻳﺎـﻣﺮﮔ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻩﺍﺭ
ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖـﺳﺩ ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ .
ﻥﺎـﻧﺁ
ﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻱﺎـﻣﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﻲﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﻭﺭ
ﺏﻮـﻃﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮـﺑﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺍﻮﻫ ﺍﺩ ﺲــﮑﻋ ﺖﺒﺴــﻧ ﺩﺭ
) ١٣ (.
ﺲﻴﺋﻮــﻟ ﻥﺍﺭﺎــﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ )
٢٠٠٥ ( ﺭﺩ
ﻞﻴﻳﺍﺮﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺮﺘﻤﻴﺴـﻳﻻ
ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ
ﻕﺮـﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺘﺸـﻛ
ﻪـﺟﻮﮔ
ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﺶﻨﺗ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺭﻮﺷ ﻭ
ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎـﻴﺑ
ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻭﺩ
ﻲــﻣ ﺰﻴﻳﺎــﭘ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻥﺎــﻧﺁ ﺮﺘﺸــﻴﺑ ﺶﺑﺎــﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺮــﻣﺍ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻞــﻴﻟﺩ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺍﻮﻫ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺭﺎﺨﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻴﺷﺭﻮﺧﺭﻮﻧ )
١٢ .(
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻘﺴﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ،ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ ﻂﻳﺍﺮ
ﻝ ﻭ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺎﺑ .
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪ
ﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ
ﻝﺎﺳ ١٣٨٤ ﻲﻠﭘ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻠﻴﺗﺍ
ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ٢٧ / ٥٠ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ
ﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ .
ﻴﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ ﮎﺎﺧ ﻲﻧﺍﺰ
ﻲﻨﺷ ﻲﻣﻮﻟ ﺎﺑ
ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﻥﺎﻧﺁﺪﻠﮔ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﻟ ﺎﺗ ﻲﻟﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺨﻳﺭ
ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻧﻮﮔ
ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ M. sativa
، Tr. repens
، Tr.
pratens ﻭ
Sa. minor ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺰﺟ ﻪﻛ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻃ
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺭﺩ ٥
/ ٠
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ) ١٧ ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﮐ ﮎﺎﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ .
M. sativa ﺎﻳ
ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﺠﻧﻮﻳ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ،
٣۰ _ ٨٠ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ،ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻧﺩ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺍﺩ
، ﺎﻳ ﺶﻔﻨﺑ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻞﮔ
ﻲﺑﺁ
، ﻡﺎﻴﻧ ﻩﻮﻴﻣ
، ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻞﮔ ﻲﻫﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻭ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺍ .
Tr. repens ﺎﻳ
ﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ،ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﺭﺪﺒﺷ ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﺳ
ﻱﺍ
،
ﻞﮔ ﻔﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻪﭙﮐ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻣ ﺪﻴ ﻲﻏﺮﻣ ﻢﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺍ
ﮏﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺯﻮﻗ ﻡﺎﻴﻧ ﻩﻮﻴﻣ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ,
ﺮﻴﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻞﮔ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ
ﺖﺳﺍ . Tr. pratens ﺎﻳ
ﻪﭽﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ،ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺭﺪﺒﺷ
ﮎﺎﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻴﺑﺍﻮﺧ ﻦﺑ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﮒﺮﺒﻣﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺍ
،
ﻞﮔ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺎﻳ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﻫ
، ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﻞﮕﻣﺩ
ﻧ ﻩﻮﻴﻣ ،ﮒﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺍ ﻞﮔ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ،ﺭﺍﺩﺯﻮﻗ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻴ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ .
Sa. minor
،ﻲﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﺕﻮﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻔﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ
،
ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪﮐﺮﮐ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ،ﺭﺎﻤﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺱﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻣ ﺰﺒﺳ ،ﺰﻳﺭ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻞﮔ ،ﮎﺮﮐ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ
ﻞﮔ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ،ﮏﺸﺧ ﻩﻮﻴﻣ ،ﮎﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻞﮕﻣﺩ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﻫﺩ
ﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺍ ﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ) ۷ .(
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ
ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ
ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺪﻠﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺍ ﻥ ﻫ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎ
ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺪﺷ . ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻞﻜﺷ ١ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ .
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁﺪﻠﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ
ﻭﺭ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﺑﺍﺩﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺁ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﮑﻳ ﺯ
١٠
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺐﻌﮑﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ .
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ١٤
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺝﻭﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ
) ١١ (
۱۷۰
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
…
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻩﺩ ﻚﻳ ﺖﻗﺩ ﻱﻭﺯﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ٨٥
ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺯﻭﺭ
ﺯﺍ ٣٠ ﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ٢٢
ﺮﻴﺗ ١٣٨٤ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺷ . ﻦﻳﺪﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﻧﺯﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻱﺍ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﮐ
ﻭ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺁ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ
ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻲﻃ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺁ
ﺭﺩ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﻕﺮﻌﺗ
ﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻪ
ﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﺪﺷ . ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ
۸۵ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺯﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ , ﺪﻠﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ
ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺮﺑ ﻒﮐ ﺍﺭ
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻦﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻪﻳﺎﺳ .
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻊ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻩ
ﺎﻫ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺐﺗﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ
ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺩ
Excel ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ
ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺪﺷ . ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻪﻓﺮﻄﻜﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ
ﻦﮑﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺩ SPSS11.5
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺷ .
ﻞﻜﺷ ۱
‐ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻣﺩ ﻭ ﺞﻨﺳ ﺞﻨﺳ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﻧ ﻭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺁ ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻳ ﺭﺩ
ﺕﺪﻣ
٨٥ ﺯﺍ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺯﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺯﺍ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ
،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻧﻮﮔ ﻚﺸﺧ
ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱ ٢
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .
ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
Medicago sativa
، Trifolium repens
،
Sanguisorba minor ﻭ
Trifolium pratens ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ۶۰۹
/ ۱ ، ۲۳۴ / ۰ ، ۲۲۸ / ۰
ﻭ ۲۰۸ / ۰ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺝﺭﺪﻨﻣ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ۱
ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
٦٢ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ٢ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ، ١٣٨٨ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ١٦٧
ﺎﺗ ١٧٤
١٧١
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١
‐ ﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ،ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻱ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
Tr. pratens
Sa. Tr. minor M. repens sativa ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ٦٣٧
/
١٠٣ ٧٨/٦١٥ ٨٣/٣٥٧ ٩٥/٣٧٢ (ﺮﺘﻴﻟﻲﻠﻴﻣ) ﻞﮐ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ
٢٠٨ /
٠ ٠/٢٢٨ ٠/٢٣٤ ١/٦٠٩ (ﻡﺮﮔ) ﮏﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ
٢٥٣ /
٤٩٨ ٣٤٤/٨٠٤ ٣٥٦/٢٢٥ ٥٩/٢٧٤ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
) ﻠﻴﻣ ﻲ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ (
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ
ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ
ﻧﻮﮔ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪ
ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ
٢ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻭ ٢ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ
.
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢
‐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺑ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ
ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ
ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ
٣٩٩**
/ ٤٥١ ١٩٦
/ ١٣٥٤ ٣
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ
٧٦٨**
/ ٢ ٢١٨
/ ٨١٩ ٢٩٦
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ**
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ۱
%
) ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺖﺳﺎﻫ
(
ﻞﮑﺷ ٢
‐ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺑ ﮏﺸ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ٨٥
ﺯﻭﺭ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ
ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤ
ﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻱ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ )
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ ( ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪ
ﻱﺎﻫ Tr. pratens ﻭ
M. sativa ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
.
ﺭﺩ ﺖﻗﺩ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲ
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
b
c
a
b
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Trifolium repens Sanguisorba minor Medicago sativa Trifolium pratens species
Transpiration(ml/Day)
Trifolium repens Sanguisorba minor Medicago sativa Trifolium pratens ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ
قﺮﻌﺗناﺰﻴﻣ)ﻲﻠﻴﻣزورردﺮﺘﻴﻟ(
۱۷۲
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
…
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ Tr. pratens
، ﺭﺩ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺏﺁ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻢﻴﻧ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﮔ ﻪﻧﻮ
M. sativa ﺩﻭﺪﺣ
۴ / ۸ ﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻲ
۵۹
ﻠﻴﻣ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ .
ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ M. sativa
ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻫﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻧﻮﮔ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ -
ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻭ ٢
ﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﺷﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﻛ
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
Tr.
pratens ﻭ
M. sativa ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
Sa. minor ﻭ
Tr. repens
ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﮕﻨﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺰﺗﺮﺑﺍﺭ )
۱۹۹۳ ( ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺭ ﻭ
) ۲۰۰۰ ( ﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) ۳۰ ﻭ ۳۳ ( ﻫﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻲ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ
ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻩﺍﺭ
ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﮐ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺩﺮﮐ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺍ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯ
ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ Tr. pratens
ﻭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
M. sativa ﻲﻫﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻣﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻱﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻲﻜﻳﮋﻟﻮﻨﻓ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ۷ ( ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ
ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
ﻪﻧﺯﻭﺭ ﺶﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ،ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﻴﻀﻔﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻳﺮﺑﺍ
) ۲۰۰۳ ( ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻮﻣ ، )
۲۰۰۴ ( ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺲﻴﺋﻮﻟ ،
) ۲۰۰۵ ( ﻲﻘﺗ ، ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ) ۱۳۵۵ ( ﻢﻴﺣﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻖﻠﻫ ) ۱۳۸۳ (
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻬﻳﺪﺑ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻲ ﺑﺁ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻲ
ﻡﻮﺑ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻲ ﺤﺗ ﺖ
ﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲ
ﻭ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺯﺎﺳ
ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .
ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔ
ﻱ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ
ﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻲ
ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ
، ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲ ﻣﻮﺑ ﻲ ﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲ
ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻭ
ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ،ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﺧﺩ
ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﺑ
ﻱ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ
ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲ
ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻮﻟﻮﻨﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﮑﻳﮊ
ﻲ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻴﭘ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻲ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺮﺗ
ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺮﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ
ﺯﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻲ
ﻲﻣ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺕﺎﻤﺣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ
ﺎﻗﺁ ﻱ
ﺪﻬﻣ ﺱﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻱ
ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻫﺎﻨﭘ ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺱﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻲ
ﻪﺑ
ﺕﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺮﮑﺸﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ .
ﻣ ﻨ ﻊﺑﺎ
١
‐
،ﺱﺎﮔﺁ ﺝ . ، ١٧٣٠ . ﻭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻝﻮﻠﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻡ ،ﻲﻧﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ، .
ﻥ ﻭ . ﻥﺍﺮﻤﭼ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺑﺎﻫ
،ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ٥٨١ ﺹ .
۲ _ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﺡ ،ﻩﺩﺍﺯ . ، ۱۳۶۹ . ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﮋﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ۵۸۴
ﺹ .
۳ _ ﺑ ﺱ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺒﻬ .
ﻡ .ﺭ . ، ١٣٨٠ .
،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻱﺎﻬﺑﺁ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ٤٨٤
ﺹ .
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺰﻴﺨﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻊﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ٦٢
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ٢ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ، ١٣٨٨ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ، ١٦٧
ﺎﺗ ١٧٤
١٧٣
٤
‐ ،ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻲﻘﺗ ﺥ
.،
١٣٥٥ . ،ﮓﻨﺟ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺍﻮﻫ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ٢٣٣
ﺹ .
٥ _ ﻴﺣ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﻱﺭﺪ ﺡ ،ﺩﺎﺑﺁ
. ، ١٣٨٣ . ﻲﻟﺎﺴﻜﺸﺧﻭ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ ﻲﻠﻣ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ،ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺖﻧﻭﺎﻌﻣ ،ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺩﺎﻬﺟ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ،ﻕﺮﻌﺗﻭ ﺏﺁ ﺏﺬﺟ
،ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ١٩٤
ﺹ .
٦ _ ﻥ ،ﻖﻠﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻢﻴﺣﺭ .
، ١٣٨٣ . ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﻨﻴﻤﺳ ،ﻲﻌﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ
،ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ٣٠ ﺹ .
٧
‐ ﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻬﻗ .،
١٣٧٩ . ﻓ ﻊﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﮕﻨﺟ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﻠ .
٨
‐ ﻲﻨﺴﺤﻣ ﻡ ،ﻱﻭﺭﺎﺳ .،
١٣٧٣ .
،ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﻲﮑﻳﮊﻮﻟﻭﺭﺪﻴﻫ ﻞﮑﻴﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻕﺮﻌﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ٢٢
: ٩٠
‐
٩٢ 9- Calder, I.R., 1978. Transpiration observation from a spruce forest and comparison with predictions from an evaporation model, Journal of Hydrology, 38:33-47.
10- Kaufmann, M.R., 1985. Annual transpiration in subalpine forests: Large differences among four tree species, J. Forest Ecology and Management, 13: 235-264.
11- Kirnak, H., Kaya, C., Tas, I., and Higges, D., 2001. The influence of water deficit on vegetative growth, Physiology, fruit yield and quality in eggplants, Journal of Plant Physiology, 27(3-4): 34-46.
12- Louise, K., Alon B.G., and Erik, J., 2005. Modelling transpiration and growth in salinity- stressed tomato under different climatic conditions, J. Ecological Modelling, 51: 69-82.
13- Moro, M., Domingo F., and Lopez, G., 2004. Seasonal transpiration pattern of Phragmites australis in a wetland of semi-arid Spain, Hydrological Processes, 18: 213-227.
14- Obrist, D., Verburg, P.S.J. Young, M.H., Coleman, J.S., Schorran, D.E. and Arnone, J.A., 2003. Quantifying the effect of phonology on ecosystem evapotranspiration in planted grassland mesocosms using Ecocell technology, J. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 118:173-183.
15- Palmer, J.H., Trickett, E.S., and Linacre, E.T., 1964. Transpiration response of Atriplex nummularia Lindi and upland cotton vegetation to soil-moisture stress. J. Agricultural Meteorology, 1: 282-293.
16- Roberts, J. and Rosier P.T.W., 1993. Physiological studies in young Eucalyptus stands in southern India and derived estimates of forest transpiration. J. Agricultural Water Management, 24: 103-118.
17- Roberts, J., 2001. The influence of physical and physiological characteristics of vegetation on their hydrological response, Hydrological Processes, 14: 2885-2901.
18- Ryan, M., Bond, B., Law, B., Hubbard, R., Woodruff, D., Cieniala, E. and Kucera, J., 2000. Transpiration and whole-tree conductance in ponderosa pine trees of different heights, Oecologia, 124: 553-560.
174 174 - 167 . pp . 2009 , 2 . No , 62 . Vol , anian Journal of Natural Resources Ir
, shed Management Journal of Range and Water
Comparative study of transpiration and dry matter production in rangeland species of Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens,
Sanguisorba minor and Trifolium pratens
S. Ebrahimi Azandaryani1 and S. H. R. Sadeghi*2
1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Rangeland Management College of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I.R.Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, I.R.Iran
(Received: 09 December 2006, Accepted: 02 March 2009)
Abstract
Recognition of rangeland species with the maximum efficiency and the minimum water usage is very important, since major parts of rangelands in Iran are located in arid and semiarid climate. In addition, the rangeland improvement and management on the basis of transpiration rate of rangeland species in different climatic conditions has great importance. The goal of this research is comparison and measurement of transpiration rate in four important species of Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Sanguisorba minor and Trifolium pratens as well as the assessment of their efficiency in dry matter production under semi natural conditions in College of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, during spring and summer of 2005. The rates of daily transpiration of the mentioned species were measured in small vases with upper area of 50.27cm2 in 5 replications and adjacent to five control vases during 85 days using weighting method. The results of the study showed that the maximum and minimum rate of transpiration per dry matter is related to Trifolium pratens and Medicago sativa with the values of 498.253 and 59.274 ml, respectively. The applications of such type of result facilitates the determination of water requirement of rangeland ecosystems under improving operations and also lead to select the most suitable improvement method and rangeland species as well.
Key words: Daily transpiration, Weighting method, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Sanguisorba minor, Trifolium praten.
*Corresponding author: Tel: +98 122 6253102 , Fax: +98 122 6253499 , E-mail: [email protected]
