Attitude of Youth towards Marriage in Qaemshahr, Iran
Seyed Abolhassan Naghibi1, Mehraneh Hamidi2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2 BSc Student in Public Health, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
(Received February 21, 2015 Accepted, September 30, 2015)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Marriage is beginning of family and the cause for reproduction and genetic survival. One of the most important criteria for evaluating the physical and mental health of individuals is the age of marriage. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitude of youth towards marriage in Ghaemshahr, Iran.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 267 unmarried young individuals aged 18-38 in 2014. The samples were selected using random sampling. Data was collected by a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic characteristics, attitudes, and the criteria for choosing a spouse. The data was then analyzed in SPSS V.22.
Results: Some factors including economic (mean score: 3.78), social (3.65), individual (3.53) and cultural (3.25) were the main variables that could predict and explain the attitude of youth towards marriage. Among economic, social, individual and cultural factors, the employment status, taking responsibility, not finding an appropriate spouse, and religious beliefs were more important, respectively.
The main criteria for choosing a spouse were loyalty and moral commitment (mean score: 4.82). No significant relationship was found between demographic variables and the attitudes of studied individuals towards marriage.
Conclusion: According to this study, the attitude of youths towards marriage is formed by a combination of economic, social, individual and cultural factors. Thus, appropriate policies are recommended to promote marriage while prioritizing economic factors.
Keywords: Marriage, attitude, youth
J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2015; 25(131): 159-164 (Persian).
هرود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ هرﺎﻤﺷ 131 رذآ لﺎﺳ 1394 ) 164 - 159 (
نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد جاودزا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺮﻬﺸﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﺪﻴﺳ ﻦﺴﺤﻟاﻮﺑا ﻲﺒﻴﻘﻧ
1
يﺪﻴﻤﺣ ﻪﻧاﺮﻬﻣ 2
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ فﺪﻫ و : و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ جاودزا ﺖﺳا نﺎﺴﻧا ﻞﺴﻧ يﺎﻘﺑ و ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ
. ا ﻲﻜﻳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ز ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا ياﺮـﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻚﻳ داﺮﻓا ﻲﻧاور و ﻲﻤﺴﺟ
ﺖﺳا جاودزا ﻦﺳ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ نﺎـﻧاﻮﺟ شﺮـﮕﻧ ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ فﺪـﻫ ﺎـﺑ
جاودزا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﺮﻬﺸﻤﺋﺎﻗ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد .
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
: ﺖﺳا ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ
267 نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ زا ﺮﻔﻧ 18
ﺎﺗ 35 جاودزا ﻪﻟﺎـﺳ
ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور ﺎﺑ ﺮﻬﺸﻤﺋﺎﻗ هدﺮﻜﻧ لﺎﺳ رد
1393 ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ .
هداد يروآدﺮـﮔ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨـﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ يا
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺮﺴﻤﻫ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا كﻼﻣ و شﺮﮕﻧ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ،ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ .
هداد ﻪﺨـﺴﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
22 مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا نﻮﻣزآ وSPSS
رﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ي .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ نﻮﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ 78
/ 3 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ،
65 / 3 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ يدﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ، 53
/ 3 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و 25
/ 3 ﺗ ار جاودزا ﻪﺑ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ يﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﻴﭘ و ﻦﻴﻴﺒ
ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
هدﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻧا . ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ رد ،ندﻮﺑ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ رد ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ يدﺮـﻓ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ رد ،ﻦﻴﻓﺮـﻃ يﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ تادﺎﻘﺘﻋا ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ رد و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ دﺮﻓ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﻴﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد يﺮﺗ
. ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﺮـﺴﻤﻫ بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا كﻼـﻣ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﻮﺳ دﺎﻓو ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻗﻼﺧا ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و يرا 82
/ 4 دﻮﺑ . جاودزا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ شﺮﮕﻧ و ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ يراد
.
جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا نآزا: ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا،يدﺮﻓ ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ زا ﻲﻘﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺟ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ار جاودزا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ذﺎﺨﺗا ،دﻮﺷ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻟا ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ جاودزا ﺞﻳوﺮﺗ يا ددﺮﮔ
.
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو :
نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ ،شﺮﮕﻧ ،جاودزا
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
جاودزا ﻋ ﻞﻣﺎ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻞـﺴﻧ يﺎـﻘﺑ و ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ
ﺖــﺳا نﺎــﺴﻧا .
ﺪﻫﺎــﺷ ﺮــﻴﺧا نﺮــﻗ ود ﻲــﻃ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧا ﻊــﻣاﻮﺟ
هدﻮﺑ جاودزا ﻦﺳ رد ﻲﺳﺎﺳا تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
اﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦـﻳا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧا ت
و دﺎﺘﻓا قﺎﻔﺗا ﻲﻳﺎﭘورا يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ رد ﺖﺴﺨﻧ نﺮﻗ رد ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺖﻳاﺮﺳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ لﺎﺣ رد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ دﻮﻤﻧ
) 1
. (
ناﺮﻳا ﻢﻫ
رد مﻮـﺳ نﺎﻬﺟ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ نﻮﭼ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ
راﺬـﮔ زا
ﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻴﻧرﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻨﺳ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐ
رد ار ﻲﻌﻴﺳو ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
هﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮔﺮﺴﻤﻫ و جاودزا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫ
دﺮﻛ دﺎﺠﻳا ﺖﺳا ه
.
ﻲـﻣ نﺎـﺸﻧ دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻣآ ﺪـﻫد
ﻪـﻛ
هﺪﻤﻋ لﻮﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ جاودزا ﻦﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ وﺮﺑور يا
) 2
.(
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﻮﻣ :
ﻲﺒﻴﻘﻧ ﻦﺴﺤﻟاﻮﺑاﺪﻴﺳ ﻢﻈﻋا ﺮﺒﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻣ ،يرﺎﺳ-
) ص ( ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هوﺮﮔ ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،
[email protected] E-mail:
1 . رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا
، هوﺮﮔ ﺑ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬ
،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ
،ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ
،نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ
،يرﺎﺳ ناﺮﻳا
2 . ،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ
،ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻳا، يرﺎﺳ ،
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد : 2 / 12 / 1393 ﺟرا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ تﺎﺣﻼﺻا ﺖﻬﺟ عﺎ :
10 / 12 / 1393 ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
8 / 7 / 1394
ﺳ ﻴ ﻦﺴﺤﻟاﻮﺑاﺪ ﻘﻧ
ﻴ ﺒ ﻲ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ
ﻦﻴﻨﺳ هدﺮﻜﻧ جاودزا ﺰﮔﺮﻫ نﺎﻧز ﺖﺒﺴﻧ 20
ﺎـﺗ 24 زا لﺎـﺳ
4 / 21 لﺎﺳ رد ﺪﺻرد 1355
دوﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ 40 ﺪـﺻرد رد لﺎـﺳ
1385 ﺖﺳا هﺪﻴﺳر .
و ناﺮﺘﺧد جاودزا ﻦﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ناﺮﺴﭘ
لﺎﺳ رد 1375 ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ 4
/ 22 و لﺎـﺳ 6 / 25 هدﻮـﺑ لﺎـﺳ
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا لﺎﺳ رد 1390 ﻪﺑ 4 / 23 و لﺎﺳ 7 / 26 هﺪﻴـﺳر لﺎﺳ
ﺖﺳا .
و غﻮـﻠﺑ ﻪﻠـﺻﺎﻓ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا رد جاودزا
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ
) 3
.(
نآزا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺟ يﺎﻫ
داﺮـﻓا ﻲـﻧاور و ﻲﻤـﺴﺟ ﺖﻣﻼـﺳ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ياﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺖﺳا جاودزا ﻦﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻚﻳ
، ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﺘﻓر ﻻﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ جاودزا ﻦﺳ ﻴﺴﻣ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻲـﺗﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮ
دروآ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ
) 4
.(
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺎﻴﭘ يﺎﻫﺪﻣ هﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻣ
ناﻮـﺗ
و باﺮﻄـﺿا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ
ﻲﺒـﺼﻋ رﺎـﺸﻓ
؛
ﻲﮔدﺮـﺴﻓا عﻮﻴـﺷ
،
ﺐﻴﺳآ و يرﺎﺘﻓر تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﺴﻨﺟ يﺮﻳﺬﭘ
؛ و ﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﺎﻫرﺎﺠﻨﻫ ي جاودزا
؛ ﺎـﺑ ﻲـﻗﻼﺧا دﺎﺴﻓ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻪـﺑ ﺶﻳاﺮـﮔ
ﻢﺋاﺮﺟ
؛
دﺮـﻛ هرﺎـﺷا ﻞـﻜﻟا فﺮـﺼﻣ و دﺎـﻴﺘﻋا و
) 5
.(
نوﺪـﺑ
ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد جاودزا ﺞﻳوﺮﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ﻚﺷ و جاودزا هﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ
ﺖـﺳا جاودزا ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ .
رد درﻮﻣ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ مﺪﻋ و ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ
جاودزا ﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﻲــﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎــﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘ )
ناﺰــﻴﻣ و ﻲــﻨﻳد ﺶﻳاﺮــﮔ
ﺳر زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻧﺎ
، ﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟ يﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
،
يروﺮﭘﺪـﻧزﺮﻓ ﻚﺒـﺳ
،
گرﺰـﺑ رداﺮﺑ و ﺮﻫاﻮﺧ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺮـﺗ
( ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا يﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ و
) ناﺰــﻴﻣ ،تﻼﻴــﺼﺤﺗ ﻲﺗﺎــﻘﺒﻃ ﺖــﻳﻮﻫ
، داﺮــﻓا ﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟ
،
ﺲﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ،
يدﺮـﺠﻣ زا تﺬـﻟ ،
تارﺎـﻈﺘﻧا ندﻮـﺑ ﻻﺎـﺑ
،
ﺖﺨﺳ
ﻦﻳﺪـﻟاو يﺮـﻴﮔ (
و يدﺎـﺼﺘﻗا يﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ )
ﺖﻴﻌـﺿو
ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ، ﻦﻜﺴﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
، رد ناﺰﻴﻣ
،ﺪﻣآ او ﻞﻐﺷ ﻻﺎﺑ و ﻦﻳﺪﻟ
ﻪﻳﺮﻬﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ ندﻮﺑ (
هرﺎـﺷا
ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ
) 8 - 6
. (
ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ
هزﻮﻣآ رد جاودزا عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا و ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﻲﻨﻳد يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻫ ﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗ و ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼـﺳ يﺎـﻘﺗرا رد نآ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ
ﻢﻬﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ يﺎﺘـﺳار رد و ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ نﻮﻧﺎـﻛ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ترازو ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ و ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ
ﻜﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا ﻲ ﺞﻳوﺮـﺗ رد لﻮﺌـﺴﻣ و ﺮـﻴﮔرد يﺎـﻫ
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،يروآﺪﻧزﺮﻓ و جاودزا ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ فﺪـﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺮﻬـﺷ رد جاودزا
ﺮﻬـﺸ مﺎـﺠﻧا
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
ﺎﻫ شور و داﻮﻣ
ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا ﻲـﻌﻄﻘﻣ و ﻲﻔﻴـﺻﻮﺗ عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ 267
نﺎـﻧاﻮﺟ زا ﺮـﻔﻧ 18
ﺎـﺗ 35 جاودزا ﻪﻟﺎـﺳ
ﺮﻬﺸﻤﺋﺎﻗ هدﺮﻜﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور ﺎﺑ
لﺎـﺳ رد ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ يﺮﻴﮔ 1393
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ .
ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﻳد شزﻮـﻣآ ناﺮﮕﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﺖﻳﺎـﺿر ﺐـﺴﻛ ﻦﻤﺿ ،ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺞﻨﭘ رد ﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻤﺠﺗﺮﭘ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ياﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻫﺎﻔﺷ ﻞـﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨـﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺪﺟاو يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ . ﻦﻴﻨﺳ داﺮﻓا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ دورو يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ 18
ﺎﺗ
35 ﻞﻳﺎﻣ هدﺮﻜﻧ جاودزا ﺰﮔﺮﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﻪﺑ
دﻮﺑ . ﻪـﺑ ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺗ مﺪـﻋ هﺪـﻧﺮﻴﮔﺮﺑ رد ﺰـﻴﻧ جوﺮـﺧ يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ و ﻲﻨﻫذ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ زا يرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ مﺪﻋ و ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
دﻮﺑ ﻲﻧاور . هداد يروآدﺮﮔ راﺰﺑا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻚﻳ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ دﻮﺑ
ﻚـﻴﻓاﺮﮔ ﻮـﻣد تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻪﻛ
) 14 لاﻮﺳ ( شﺮﮕﻧ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ، )
35 لاﻮﺳ (
ﺎـﺨﺘﻧا كﻼـﻣ و ، ب
ﺮﺴﻤﻫ ) 10 لاﻮﺳ ( ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ رد ار ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
. ﻪﻳﻮﮔ تﻻاﻮﺳ يﺎﻫ
تﺮـﻜﻴﻟ سﺎـﻴﻘﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ مﻮﺳ و مود ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ) هﺮﻤﻧ 1 ﺎﺗ 5 ( هﺮـﻤﻧ دﺎـﻳز ﻲـﻠﻴﺧ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﮔ ياﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻛ دﻮﺑ 5
،
هﺮﻤﻧ دﺎﻳز ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ 4
هﺮﻤﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ، 3
، هﺮﻤﻧ ﻢﻛ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ
2 هﺮﻤﻧ ﻢﻛ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ و 1
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺪـﺷ
. اﺮـﺑ ي
ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ر او ﻲﻳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا اور ﻲﻳ ﻮﺘﺤﻣ ا و ﺐﺴﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ 10
ﺮﻔﻧ زا ﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻴ ﻦ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ . ﺑ ﻪ
ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ
ﺎﭘ ﻳﺎ ﻲﻳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﺿ ﻳ ﺐ ﺎﻔﻟآ ي خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ
راﺪـﻘﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ نآ
لدﺎـﻌﻣ 90 / 0 دﻮـﺑ . هداد ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﻪﺨﺴﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 22
مﺮﻧ ﺰﻓا را وSPSS
نﻮﻣزآ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ
ا و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ
ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳ
ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ شﺮﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ياﺮﺑ نآ يراﺬــﮔ مﺎــﻧ و جاودزا ﻲﻠﻣﺎــﻋ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ شور زا ﺎــﻫ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﻓﺎﺸﺘﻛا .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺚﺤﺑ و
ﻲـﻣ نﺎـﺸﻧ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦـﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻫد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ 62 / 4 94±
/ 23 و 6 / 38 ﺪﺻرد ﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧﻮ
ﺎـﻫ
و دﺮﻣ 4 / 61 ﺪﺻرد ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ نز ﺪﺻرد .
لﺎـﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ يﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ 94
/ 13 دﻮـﺑ لﺎﺳ . ياﺮـﺑ آ ﺰﻴﻟﺎـﻧ
نارود زا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ داﺪﻌﺗ
varmax
ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ﺎـﺗ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ار ﻞـﻛ تاﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ زا ﺪـﺻرد ﺪﻨﭼ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻳا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . نﻮـﭼ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ،ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ
ﻗا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﺎـﺑ يدﺎـﺼﺘ 78
/ 3 ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ،
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 65 / 3 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﺎـﺑ يدﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ، 53
/ 3 ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ و
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ 25
/ 3 ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ يﺎﻀﻓ
ﺶﻴﭘ و ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ار جاودزا هدﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺪﻧا . ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
رد اﺰـﺠﻣ ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ رﻮﻛﺬـﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ لوﺪـﺟ
هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺳا
.
لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 1
شﺮـﮕﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ي ﺎﻫ هزﺎﺳ ﻲﻓﺎﺸﺘﻛا ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ:
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد جاودزا ﻪﺑ -
لﺎﺳ
93
ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
،ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻪﺑ رﺎﮕﺘﺳاﻮﺧ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو ،جاودزا ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﻪﻳﺰﻴﻬﺟ ،ندﻮﺑ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺪﻣآرد ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ
يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
ﺧ ود ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ و ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ ﻲﺘﺳود ،هداﻮﻧﺎ
يﺮﻳﺬـﭘ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ
ﺖﻟود تﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ و ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ،دﺎﻳز ﻪﻳﺮﻬﻣ ،دﺎﻴﺘﻋا ،ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻃ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
ﻞﻴــﺼﺤﺗ ﻪــﻣادا ، يزﺎﺑﺮــﺳ رد ﻞﻜــﺸﻣ ، ،ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ دﺮــﻓ ندﺮﻛاﺪــﻴﭘ زا سﺮــﺗ
زا سﺮــﺗ ،ناﺮــﮕﻳد ﻖﻓﻮﻣﺎــﻧ تﺎــﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ زا سﺮــﺗ ،يدازآ نﺪــﺷ دوﺪــﺤﻣ
ﻴﺛﺎـﺗ ،ناﺮـﮕﻳد ﺎـﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻲﮔﺪﻧز تﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻪﻜﺒـﺷ ﺮ
و ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا يﺎـﻫ
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ
يدﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
فﻼﺘﺧا ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﻲﻨﺳ ﻪﻄﺳاو
،ﺎﻫ ﻞﻜﺷ
،يﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺖﺨﺳ ،ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ دﺎﻘﺘﻋا يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻖﺑاﻮـﺳ ،ﻦﻳﺪـﻟاو ﻲﺘـﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ،ﻦﻳﺪـﻟاو يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ،تﺎـﻌﻗﻮﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ،ﺮـﺘﮔرﺰﺑ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ جاودزا ﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗ ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﺞﻳوﺮﺗ ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﺪﻨﺴﭘﺎﻧ و ﻢﺸﭼ ﻢﻫ دزا ﻪﺑ دﺎﻘﺘﻋا ،ﻲﻤﺸﭼ جاودزا ﺎـﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﺿر ،ﻲﻠﻴﻣﺎﻓ جاو
ﺮﺘﺧد ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻂﺳﻮﺗ يرﺎﮕﺘﺳاﻮﺧ ،ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ رد داﺮﻓا
ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
ﺶﻴﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ رد ﺎـﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
54 / 4
ﻢﻛ و ندﻮﺑ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺎـﺑ نآ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
21 / 3
ﻪـﺑ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ
ﻦﻳﺪـﻟاو ﻪـﺑ رﺎﮕﺘـﺳاﻮﺧ ﻲﻟﺎـﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو دﻮـﺑ
ﺖﻤـﺴﻗ رد و
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
، ﺶﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺶﻴـﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ هﺮﻤﻧ 39
/ 4 ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ و ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻃ يﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﻢﻛ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ 54
/ 2 ﺖﺷاد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ ﻲﺘﺳود ﻪﺑ .
ﻢﻫ ﺶﻴﺑ يدﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ رد ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
16 / 4
و جاودزا ياﺮــﺑ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ دﺮــﻓ ندﺮــﻛ اﺪــﻴﭘ رد ﻞﻜــﺸﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﻢﻛ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ 29
/ 3 ﻪـﺑ هراﻮﻫﺎـﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ
ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ ﻖـﻠﻌﺗ .
رد
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺎـﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ هﺮـﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
04 / 4 ﻪـﺑ
ﻢـﻛ و ﻲﺒﻫﺬـﻣ تادﺎﻘﺘﻋا ﺎـﺑ نآ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
43 / 2 ﻪـﺑ دﺎـﻘﺘﻋا ﻪـﺑ
ﺖــﺷاد صﺎــﺼﺘﺧا ﻲﻠﻴﻣﺎــﻓ جاودزا .
ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ﻢﻬﻣ جاودزا ﻪـﺑ شﺮـﮕﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ سﺎـﺳا ﺮـﺑ
يدﺎـﺼﺘﻗا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ )
78 / 3 (
، ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا
) 65 / 3 ( يدﺮــﻓ ، ) 53 / 3 ( ﻲــﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و )
25 / 3 ( دﻮــﺑ . ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ
) 15 - 12
ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا هداد نﺎـﺸﻧ ﺰـﻴﻧ(
تﺎـﺒﺛ ﻦﺘـﺷاﺪﻧ ،يرﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ،يدﺎـﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﻴﻌـﺿو ندﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ
ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻲﻓﺎـﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ زا يرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ مﺪﻋ و ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﺖﻳﻮﻟا يﺎﻫ مﺪﻋ ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﺑ جاودزا ﺪﻧا
. زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ رد
ﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺰﻴﻧ و تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
ﻢﻬﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻣآرد و ﻲﻠﻐﺷ جاودزا ياﺮـﺑ ﺖـﻳﻮﻟا ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا
) 9
، 10
.(
رد ﻪـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا يﺎـﻫ
ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد ،ﺪـﻟﻮﺗ ﻪـﺒﺗر ،ﻞﻐـﺷ ،تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ
شﺮﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺳ ﻞﺤﻣ و رﺪﭘ ﻞﻐﺷ ،راﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻄﺑار جاودزا ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يراد
) 05 / 0
p>
(.
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
Dasgupta
لﺎﺳ رد 2008 ﻦﻴﺑ شﺮﮕﻧ و ﻦﺳ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا جاودزا ﻪﺑ
ﺖـﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮـﺟو يراد .
رد ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
لﺎﺳ رد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ وChow
2008 ﻦﺳ زا نﺎـﻜﻣ ،ﺲﻨـﺟ ،
ناﻮــﻨﻋ ﻪــﺑ ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟا و يدﺎــﺼﺘﻗا ﺖــﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ و ﻲﻳﺎــﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﺪﻳا نﺪﻣآ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ه
شﺮﮕﻧ و ﺎﻫ هرﺎﺑرد ﺪﻳﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺮﺑ مﺎﻧ جاودزا ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ
دراﺪﻧ ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ
) 11
، 12
ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻧاﻮـﺨﻤﻫ مﺪـﻋ ﺖـﻠﻋ ﺪﻳﺎـﺷ ،(
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟو ﻊﻣاﻮﺟرد توﺎﻔﺗ
،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖـﺴﻧاد ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣ توﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا .
سﺎـﺳا ﺮـﺑ
ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ ﻧا رﺎــﻴﻌﻣ درﻮــﻣ رد ،ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ
بﺎــﺨﺘ ﺮــﺴﻤﻫ
ﺶﻴــﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ هﺮــﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮــﺗ ﺎــﺑ
82 / 4 ﺪــﻬﻌﺗ و يرادﺎــﻓو ﻪــﺑ
ﻢﻛ و ﻲﻗﻼﺧا ﺎـﺑ نآ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
25 / 2 ﻖـﻠﻌﺗ ﻲﻠﻴﻣﺎـﻓ جاودزا ﻪـﺑ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ
كﻼﻣ و ﻲﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺴﻤﻫ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يﺎﻫ ﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ يراد
) 05 / 0
>
(.p
ﻢﻬﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺮـﻫ رد ﺮـﺴﻤﻫ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا كﻼﻣ
ﺲﻨﺟ ود ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺷ شراﺰـﮔ ﻲﻗﻼﺧاﺪـﻬﻌﺗ و يرادﺎـﻓو
دراد ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
) 13
، 14
.(
ﺖﻗاﺪﺻ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و )
2007 ( ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ناﺮﺴﭘ
ﻪﺑ كﻼﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻢﻫ نﻮﭼ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ
،ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻪﺑذﺎﺟ
،ﻲﺴﻨﺟ
،يرادﺎﻓو
،ﻲﻳﺎـﺒﻳز
ﺳ ﻴ ﻦﺴﺤﻟاﻮﺑاﺪ ﻘﻧ
ﻴ ﺒ ﻲ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ
ﺖﻟﺎــﺻا
،هداﻮﻧﺎــﺧ شﻮــﺧ
،ﻲﻣاﺪــﻧا
،ﻲﻨﻣاﺪــﻛﺎﭘ شﻮــﻫ
و
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا داد ه رد ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ ناﺮﺘﺧد ﻪﺑ كﻼﻣ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ
نﻮــﭼ ﻞﻐــﺷ
،ﺮــﺴﻤﻫ ﺲــﺣ
،ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌــﺴﻣ كرﺪــﻣ
،ﻲﻠﻴــﺼﺤﺗ
لﻼﻘﺘﺳا يﺮﻜﻓ و
،ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺲﺣ
،ترﻮﺸﻣ ﻦﻜﺴﻣ و ﺖﻗاﺪﺻ
ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد
) 15 .(
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ
) 16
، 17
هداد نﺎﺸﻧ(
ﺪﻧا
ﺮــﺴﻤﻫ بﺎــﺨﺘﻧا كﻼــﻣ و ﻚــﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد ﻞــﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻴــﺑ ﻪــﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ دراد دﻮﺟو يراد
. ـﺘﻧ رد تﺮﻳﺎﻐﻣ ﺖﻠﻋ ار ﺞﻳﺎ
ﻲﻣ توﺎـﻔﺗ و يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻲـﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ يﺎـﻫ
داد ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ .
ﺖــﻓﺎﻳرد ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ درﻮــﻣ رد ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦــﻳا ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا داد نﺎـﺸﻧ جاودزا درﻮـﻣ رد ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺪـﻟاو ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺗﺎـﻋﻼﻃا ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
) 3 / 63 ﺪﺻرد ( نﺎﺘﺳود و نﻻﺎﺴﻤﻫ ، )
4 / 18 ﺪﺻرد (
، ﺖـﻧﺮﺘﻨﻳا ﻪﻜﺒــﺷ و
ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟا يﺎــﻫ )
6 ﺪــﺻرد ( نﻮــﻳﺰﻳﻮﻠﺗ و ﻮــﻳدار ،
) 6 ﺪﺻرد ( ناﺪﻧوﺎﺸﻳﻮﺧ ، )
5 / 4 ﺪﺻرد ( بﺎﺘﻛو ) 9 / 1 ﺪﺻرد (
ﺖـــﺳا هدﻮـــﺑ .
نارﺎـــﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲـــﺗاود ﻪـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد )
2009 (
ﻢــﻬﻣ ،نﺎﺘــﺳود ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪــﺑ تﺎــﻋﻼﻃا ﺐــﺴﻛ ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮــﺗ
نﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻠﺗ
، ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ و ناروﺎـﺸﻣ ،تﺎـﻋﻮﺒﻄﻣ ،ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺐﺘﻛ
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ دراﻮﻣ
) 18
ﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ(
ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ رد ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌ
نﺎﺘﺳود دراد ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ .
ﻲﻣ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ رد ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ
ﻪﻛ دﺮﻛ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد
،يدﺮﻓ ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ زا ﻲﻘﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﻲـﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ﻲـﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ار جاودزا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ شﺮﮕﻧ وﺮﻤﻠﻗ دﻮـﺷ
.
ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ذﺎﺨﺗا ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖـﻳﻮﻟا ﺎـﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ يﺎـﻫ
ﺞﻳوﺮﺗ ياﺮﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا جاودزا
ﺖﺳا يﺪﺟ تروﺮﺿ ﻚﻳ .
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