69 1389 ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ،38 ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ
ﺰﻛﺮﻣ یﺎﻬﺘﺴﺸﻧ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﻦﻴﻤﺠﻨﭘ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺘﻔﻫ ﻩﺎﻣﺭﺫﺁ ﻡﺍ ﯽﺳ ،ﻪﺒﻨﺷﻭﺩ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺮﺼﻋ ،ﺏﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﺙﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﯽﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻦﻴﻣﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻤﻧﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺏﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﺙﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﯽﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺝﺭﺍ ﮥﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﺝﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻤﻧﻭﺭ .ﺪﺷ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﯽﻘﺣﺎﻳ ﺮﻔﻌﺟﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺖﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺝﺭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ یﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺴﺟ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ،ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ یﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﯽﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺭﺩ 1306 ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ﻡﻭﺩ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻳﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ .ﺪﺷ ﺪﻟﻮﺘﻣ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ یﺍﺮﺑ 1325 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ .ﺪﻣﺁ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ یﺮﺘﻛﺩ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ 1330ـ1328 یﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ًﺎﻤﺳﺭ 1329 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ۀﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﯽﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ .ﺪﻧﺍﺭﺬﮔ ﻢﻫ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ 1324 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ۀﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺱﻭﺭﺩ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺪﻣﺁ ﻞﺋﺎﻧ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺸﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺨﺘﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ 1358 ﺮﻬﻣ ﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ یﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ یﻼﺘﻋﺍ یﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻕﻮﻓ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ یﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻟ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ یﻭ یﺎﻬﺷﻼﺗ ﻥﻮﻫﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ یﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ یﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ یﺎﻫﺮﻔﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻜﻳ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻗﺎﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ یﺎﻫﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﯽﻃ ،ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺮﺒﻛﺍ ،ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ،ﻪﺴﻠﺟ یﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻢﻳﺮﻜﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻨﺨﺳ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ یﻼﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ یﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﯽﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﮥﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻭ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺍ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﺷﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻉﺎﺟﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻪﮕﻧ ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﺍﺭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻥﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﮥﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ پﺎﭼ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﺗ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﯽﺗﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ یﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ...ﻭ ﺲﻳﺪﻨﺗ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﯽﺗﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﻩﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ،ﯽﻘﺣﺎﻳ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺕﺎﻤﺣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ یﺎﻬﻫﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ یﺮﺛﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺝﺭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ یﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻭﺯﺭﺁ ،ﻭﺍ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻴﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻭ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻭﺍ ﻩﺍﺭ ۀﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻝﻮﺼﻓ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺝﺭﺍ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻘﺣﺎﻳ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺝﺭﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭﺮﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻴﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﺸﻟﺎﺳ :ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﺮﻤﺷ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻧ ﻪﻛ یﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﻴﺤﺼﺗ ؛ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ ،ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ ﯽﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺭﺎﻛ ؛ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﯽﻣﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ی ﺍ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻬﻠﻣﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺍ ﮥﻳﺎﻤﻧ ،ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺝﺭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺕﺎﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ،ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺴﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻘﺣﺎﻳ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ
1389 ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ،38 ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ 70
ﺩﺮﻛ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ یﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ،ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻮﻜﻴﻧ ﻮﻴﺷﺭﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ یﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ پﺎﭼ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯽﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺲﭘ ،ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﯽﻧﺎﻨﺨﺳ ﻦﻤﺿ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ ،ﺏﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﺙﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﯽﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻘﺣﺎﻳ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺪﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻖﺸﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻔﮔ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺘﺳﺩ یﻭ ﻑﺮﺷﺍ ﯽﻠﻋ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻨﺨﺳ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﮥﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ یﺮﺛﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺗﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻦﻤﺿ ،ﯽﻗﺩﺎﺻ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ یﺎﻬﺘﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻗﺩﺎﺻ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺶﺤ َﺤﺼﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻨﺨﺳ یﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻭﺍ ،ﺮﺧﺁ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺘﺳ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺍ پﺎﭼ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﯽﻗﺩﺎﺻ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ یﺍﺮﺑ یﺮﺛﺍ پﺎﭼ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ۀﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻥﻮﭼ یﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﻛ
ﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻭ ﺎﺸﮔ ﻩﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻋﺯ ﻪﺑ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻭ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ؛ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ،ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺰﻔﻴﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻴﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺗﻻﺎﻘﻣ یﺎﺟ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻨﺨﺳ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩ ﯽﻟﺎﺧ ،ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﺝﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ یﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﯽﺘﺳﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﺟ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻣﺍ ﯽﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻭﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻟﺪﺑ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﯽﻗﻼﺧﺍ ﮥﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻟﺪﺑ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﯽﻜﻳ :ﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ پﺎﭼ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ
یﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻌﻣ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻜﻳ ﻭ ﻦﻓ ﻞﻫﺍ یﺍﺮﺑ .ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻨﺨﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ ،ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺗﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﺪﻴﻤﺣ
.ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻗﺍﺪﺻ ﻭ ﯽﻛﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻕﻼﺧﺍ ﺮﻬﻈﻣ ﺍﺭ یﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﯽﻳﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﮥﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻭﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺭﺩ یﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻑﺍ ﯽﻠﻋ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻑﺍ ﯽﻠﻋ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﺝﺭﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﻳﺎﻤﻧﻭﺭ ﯽﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ
71 1389 ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ،38 ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻘﻧ ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ
ﻱﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ
ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻘﻧ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﺴﺸﻧ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﻦﻴﻤﻫﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺖﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺐﻄﻗ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﻮﻔﺻ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺳ ﺪﻴﺳ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻱﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻩﺎﻣﺭﺫﺁ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺒﻨﺷﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ۀﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﺟﺭ ﺭﻻﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ 1388 ﺙﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻌﻳﺮﺷ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺎﺿﺭﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻥﻭﺰﻓﺍ ،ﺪﺷ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺏﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻨﺨﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﺪﻴﻣﺍ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻭ ﻞﺼﺤﻣﺪﺷﺍﺭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻬﻫﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ
ﺐﻄﻗ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻲﻘﺣﺎﻳ ﺮﻔﻌﺟﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﺮﺴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﻮﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺵﻮﻬﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻡﺪﻘﻣﺮﻴﺧ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺷﻮﮔ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻘﻧ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﺴﺸﻧ ﺮﻴﺑﺩ ،ﺖﻛﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺳ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ۀﺪﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺟﺍ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻞﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺮﺴﻤﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،پﺎﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ۀﺮﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺏﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﺙﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ
ﮥﻘﺑﺎﺳ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﮥﻧﺎﮔ ﺶﺷ ﺮﺗﺎﻓﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺍ ،ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻢﺠﺣ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﮥﻤﻫ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﺮﺗﺎﻓﺩ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻳﺎﻜﺣ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﻮﻟﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺎﻜﺣ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺍ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻱﺎﭘ ﻩﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﻞﻴﺨﺗ ﮥﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﻮﻟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻬﻧﺪﻳﺮﭘ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻱﻭﺭ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺒﻠﻗ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻬﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺎﻳ ﻭﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﺣﺮﻃ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻱﻮﻟﻮﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﮥﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﺖﻛﺎﺳ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺍﺭﺬﮔ ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺴﻠﻜﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺯ ﺱﺪﺣ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﺮﺗﺎﻓﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻭﺍ ﻢﺴﻴﻠﻟﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﻞﺻﺍ ﻭﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ (chiasmus) ﻊﻃﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻧﺍ ﻭ (parallelism)
ﺖﺳﺩ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﺎﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻲﻠﻛ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﻮﻔﺻ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺳ ﺪﻴﺳ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻱژﻮﻟﻭﺪﺘﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﮥﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻨﻣﺮﻫ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﮥﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻭﺍ .ﻡﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ (ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ) ﻚﻴﺘﻨﻤﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﮥﺻﺮﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻨﻣﺮﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ :ﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺪﺿ .ﻡﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ۀﺪﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﭽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ یﻮﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻱﺮﺋﺎﺣ ﻱﺩﺎﻫ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﭘ ﻥﺁﺮﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﺟ ﯽﻳﻮﺳ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺁﺮﻗ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺁﺮﻗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻧﻻﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻭﺮﺳ
؟ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻬﺣﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺍﺭ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ
1389 ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳﺩﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ،38 ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ 72
(synoptic) ﺮﮕﻧ ﻞﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭﺍ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﮥﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ) ﻑﺍﺮﮔﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺧ (ﺎﻬﺸﺨﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ) ﻥﺎﻤﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ (ﺎﻬﺸﺨﺑ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﻔﮔ ﻩﺩﺯﺍﻭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺡﻭﺭ ﻁﻮﺒﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻨﺌﻤﻄﻣ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻪﻛ (ﻉ) ﻲﻠﻋ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ .ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺼﺤﻣﺪﺷﺍﺭ ﺎﺿﺭﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﺨﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻮﻧ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻴﺠﻤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻬﻫﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﮔﺍ :ﺖﻔﮔ ،ﻱﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﻢﻫ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ :ﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺏﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺳﺮﻧ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻦﻫﺫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺣﺮﻃ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻱﻮﻟﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻋﺎﺷ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ .1 :ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ .2 .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻱﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺢﻘﻨﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻞﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﺷﺍﺭ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ :ﺩﺮﻛ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺎﻳﺁ ؟ﺖﺴﻴﭼ ﺎﻬﻠﻟﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ؟ﺪﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﭼ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺮﮔﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻤﺘﻔﮔ ﺎﻳ ﺎﻬﺸﺨﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺲﭘ ﺪﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻭ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺲﻛ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﺪﻴﻣﺍ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﻞﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﺷﺍﺭ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﺨﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻱﻭ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻬﻫﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ :ﺖﻔﮔ (discorse) ﻥﺎﻤﺘﻔﮔ ۀژﺍﻭ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺎﻔﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺖﻨﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺍﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻧﺍﺭﺍﺪﻓﺮﻃ ﻭ ﻮﻛﻮﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ .ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺰﮔ ﻲﻣﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﮥﺘﺳﺩﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻘﻧ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻄﺑﺭ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﻻﺎﻜﺷﺍ .1 :ﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻜﻧ .2 .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎﻄﺑﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﮥﻳﺮﻈﻧ
ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺪﻘﻧ .3 .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﮥﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺾﻗﺎﻧ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﺨﺳ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ﻱﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻇﺎﻧ ﻪﻛ ۀﺪﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﻦﻣ .ﺖﺴﻳﺮﮕﻧ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻚﺷ ﻑﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻭﺍ ۀژﺍﻭ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻨﻣﺮﻫ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻨﻌﻣ ،ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ text ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ intertextuality ۀژﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻥﺭﺪﻣﺎﺸﻴﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻴﺸﻛ ﺪﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻳﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻒﻟﺆﻣ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻣ ﻭ ﻁﻮﺴﺒﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻪﺑ «ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺲﻜﻋ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻃ» ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﮥﻴﻜﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ «ﻊﻃﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻧﺍ» ﻱﺎﺟ ﻱﺮﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺮﻇﺎﻨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻧﺍ ﻕﺩﺎﺻ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﻣﺎﻧ ﺭﺩ «ﺍﺬﻏ» ﮥﻤﻠﻛ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ۀﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﻭ ﺮﻴﺒﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣﺎﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻢﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ .ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻱﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﮥﻤﻠﻛ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻥﻼﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻨﺌﻤﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ (reduction) ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻓﺮﻋ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﻛﻭﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻜﻧﺁ ﻱﺎﻬﻴﮔﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺣﺮﻃ ﻥﺪﻨﻜﻓﺍ .ﺩﺯﺭﻭ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻠﻔﻏ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻱﻮﻔﺻ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺪﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻬﻫﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺎﻫﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﺘﻔﮔ .ﺖﻔﮔ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺏﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﺙﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻒﻴﻔﺨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﻮﻨﺜﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳﺍ
ﺖﻛﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻼﻴﻬﺳ
