Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Drivers Towards Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Control of Car-Caused air Pollution in Yazd 

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J TOLOOEBEHDASHT, School of Public Health,Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Received:2016/08/14 Accepted:2016/11/02

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Drivers Towards Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Control of Car-Caused air Pollution in Yazd

Batol Ghaneh (M.Sc.)¹, Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian (Ph.D.)², Mohammad Ali Morowatishariffabad (Ph.D.)³, Mahboobeh Dehvari (M.Sc.)⁴, Maryam Nikfard(M.Sc.)⁵,Mohsen Amrollahi (M.Sc.)⁶

1. M.Sc. in Health Education, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran.

2.Corresponding Author:Associate Professor,Environmental Science and Technology Research Center,Department of Human Ecology, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science and Health Servies,Yazd, Iran.

Email:[email protected] Tel: 09133565457

3. Professor, Elderly Health Research Center,School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

4.PhD student, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

5.M.Sc. in Heal thcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

6.M.Sc. Department of Environmental Health Engineering,School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Motor vehicles are known as an important artificial source of air pollution, where personal cars account for 90% of total consumed energy in transportation system. Human factors have a critical role in car-caused air pollution. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of drivers towards reduction of fuel consumption and control of car-caused air pollution in Yazd.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on drivers in Yazd city. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic variables, drivers' knowledge, attitude and practice. A simple random sampling was used and 250 questionnaires were completed. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.

Results: According to obtained results, the drivers' knowledge, attitude and practice significantly increase as age increases (P<0.05). The average score of the KAP towards reduction of fuel consumption and control of car-caused air pollution was higher in men compared to women. The knowledge of drivers with less than 2 years driving experience was significantly less than others and the attitude score of drivers with more than 5 years driving experience was significantly higher. The score of knowledge of 186 drivers (74.4%) was average, and 161 (64.4%) had an average score of practice towards reduction of fuel consumption and control of car-caused air pollution. There was a statistically positive correlation between the drivers' KAP.

Conclusion: Regarding the results of the present study, the drivers' knowledge, attitude and practice towards ways of reducing fuel consumption and control of car-caused air pollution was found to be average, hence further education is required.

Keywords: Air pollution, Attitude, Drivers, Fuel Consumption, Knowledge, Practice Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no Conflict interest

This Paper Should be Cited as:

Batol Ghaneh, Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian, Mohammad Ali Morowatishariffabad, Mahboobeh Dehvari, Maryam Nikfard,Mohsen Amrollahi . Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of drivers towards…… TolooebehdashtJournal.2018;17(1):24-34 .[Persian]

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ود ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ

لﺎﺳ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا و ﻦﻳدروﺮﻓ، لوا هرﺎﻤﺷ، ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ 1397

و ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ

وردﻮﺧ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

ﻊﻧﺎﻗ لﻮﺘﺑ :نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ

،1

نﺎﻴﻌﻧﺎﻗ ﻲﻘﺗ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ

،2

دﺎﺑآ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﻲﺗوﺮﻣ ﻲﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ

،3

يراﻮﻫد ﻪﺑﻮﺒﺤﻣ دﺮﻓ ﻚﻴﻧ ﻢﻳﺮﻣ ،4

،5

ﻲﻬﻠﻟاﺮﻣا ﻦﺴﺤﻣ

6

1 ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ شزﻮﻣآ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ.

تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻳا،دﺰﻳ،دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ

.

2 :لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ . ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يژﻮﻟﻮﻛا هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد

، ﺪﻴﻬـﺷ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣرد ﻲﺘـﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ و ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

ناﺮﻳا ،دﺰﻳ ،دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ :سﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ

09133564547

[email protected] Email:

3 ،يﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ هوﺮﮔ دﺎﺘﺳا .

، ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ناﺮﻳا،دﺰﻳ،

.

4 هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺮﺘﻛد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد . ،زاﻮﻫا رﻮﭘﺎﺷ يﺪﻨﺟ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ

ناﺮﻳا ،زاﻮﻫا .

5 ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ.

، ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﺪﻴﻬـﺷ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣرد ﻲﺘـﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ و ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ مﻮـﻠﻋ هﺎﮕـﺸﻧاد

دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ناﺮﻳا،دﺰﻳ،

.

6 و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ . دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ

ناﺮﻳا،دﺰﻳ،

.

ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ

ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ ود دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ لﺎﺳ لوا:هرﺎﻤﺷ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا و ﻦﻳدروﺮﻓ 1397

:ﻞﺴﻠﺴﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ 67

:لﻮﺻو ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ 24

/ 05 / 1395

:شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ 12

/ 08 / 1395 هﺪﻴﻜﭼ

:ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﻲـﻣ بﻮـﺴﺤﻣ اﻮـﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا يرﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎﺳو

ﻞـﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗا ،نﺎـﻴﻣ ﻦـﻳا رد و ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ يﺎـﻫ

ﻢﻬﺳ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ 90

.ﺪﻧراد ار ﻞﻘﻧ و ﻞﻤﺣ ﺶﺨﺑ رد هﺪﺷ فﺮﺼﻣ يژﺮﻧا ﻞﻛ زا يﺪﺻرد ﻲـﻤﻬﻣ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ

دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮـﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ اﺬﻟ .ﺪﻧراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ وردﻮﺧ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا وردﻮﺧ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار :ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا

- دﺰـﻳ ﺮﻬـﺷ نﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻧار ،ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ترﻮﺼﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ

ﻲﻣ و شﺮـﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآ،ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ يﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻚﻳ ،ﺎﻫ هداد يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ راﺰﺑا .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .دﻮﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد و دﻮﺑ هدﺎﺳ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ شور ﻪﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ

250

ـﺳﺪﺑ تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا .ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ هﺪـﻣآ ﺖ

يرﺎﻣآ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رد ندﺮﻛ ندراو زا ﺲﭘ .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ،SPSS

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻄﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻦﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ:ﺎﻫ ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ

) 05 /

<0 P

ﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻧار دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮـﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ .(

ﻪـﻨﻴﻣز رد دﺮـﻣ ن ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ يﺎـﻫرﺎﻜﻫار

وردﻮﺧ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪـﻛ يداﺮـﻓا ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآ ناﺰـﻴﻣ .ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻲـﻣ نز نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ 2

ﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد لﺎﺳ ﻪ

) دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ 000

/

=0

زا ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار شﺮﮕﻧ و (P

5 ) دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ترﻮﺼﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد لﺎﺳ 002

/

=0 ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ .(P 186 ) ﺮﻔﻧ 4 / 74 نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار زا (%

يﺎـﻫرﺎﻜﻫار درﻮـﻣ رد

وردﻮﺧ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ،

161 ) ﺮﻔﻧ 4 / 64 ﺪـﺣ رد نﺎﻧآ زا (%

ﺮﻈﻧ زا .دﻮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ يرﺎﻣآ

يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ

.ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ،

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ :يﺮﻴﮔ لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ و ﺖﺧﻮـﺳ فﺮـﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ يﺎـﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ

.ﺪﻧراد يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ داﺮﻓا ﻦﻳا و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ،وردﻮﺧ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ

هژاو :يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار ،ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ،اﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ،دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ

.

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لﺎﺳ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا و ﻦﻳدروﺮﻓ، لوا هرﺎﻤﺷ،ﻢﻫﺪﻔﻫ 1397

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

اﻮﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻪﻣادا ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا .ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ

هدﻮﻟآ هدﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻳ ﻚﻳ دﻮﺟو زا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ اﻮﻫ ياﻮﻫ رد هﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ياﺮـﺑ و هﺪـﺷ اﻮـﻫ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺪﻣ و راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ دازآ هﺎﻴﮔ ،ناﻮﻴﺣ ،نﺎﺴﻧا نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺑ ﺎﻳ و

.ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﻀﻣ ﻲﺨﻳرﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ اﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ هﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ

نﺪﺷ

ﺶﻳاﺰــﻓا ،فﺮــﺼﻣ يﺎــﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﺶﻳاﺰــﻓا ،ﺎﻫﺮﻬــﺷ ﺪــﺷر ،ﺎﻫرﻮــﺸﻛ هرﺎـﺷا يدﺎـﺼﺘﻗا ﻊﻳﺮـﺳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ و يژﺮﻧا فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ،ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﺗ ) دﺮــﻛ 1 اﻮــﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮــﻟآ .(

ﺶﻳاﺰــﻓا ﺐــﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎــﻬﺟ ﺢﻄــﺳ رد

يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻫ و ﻢـﺸﭼ شزﻮـﺳ ،ﺪـﻳد ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ،ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ،ﻲﺒﻠﻗ يﺎ نارﺎــﺑ ،يﺮﻔــﺳﻮﺗاﺮﺘﺳا نزا ﺖــﻓا تﺎــﻧاﻮﻴﺣ ،نﺎــﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪــﺑ ترﺎــﺴﺧ

ﻲـﻣ ﻲـﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳز دﺎﻌﺑا زا ﻦﻳاو ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هﺮﻴﻏ و يﺪﻴﺳا ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

) 4 - 2 .(

و ﻲــﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ هﺪــﻨﻳﻻآ ﻊــﺒﻨﻣ سﺎــﺳا ﺮــﺑ اﻮــﻫ يﺎــﻫ هﺪــﻨﻳﻻآ

ﻪـﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻋﻮﻨـﺼﻣ ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ زا هﺮـﺸﺘﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻨﻳﻻآ .ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ ﻲـﻣ يﺪـﻨﺑ

يرﻮــﺗﻮﻣ ﻪــﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎــﺳو ه يﺮﻬــﺷ ﺪــﻨﻨﻛ هدﻮــﻟآ ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮــﺘﻤﻬﻣ

ﻲﻣ )ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 1 (.

يرﻮﻄﺑ ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻛ و ﻦﺑﺮﻛﺪﻴـﺴﻛﻮﻧﻮﻣ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ زا ﺪﻫد

ﻦﺑﺮﻛورﺪﻴﻫ ﻪﺘﺧﻮـﺴﻧ يﺎﻫ

ﻚـﻴﻓاﺮﺗﺮﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ياﻮـﻫ ﺐـﺗاﺮﻣ ﻪـﺑ

هدﻮﻟآ ﻲـﻣ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣ زا ﺮﺗ ) ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

7 - 5

ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮـﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ .(

زا

ﺪــﻨﻳآﺮﻓ زا هﺪــﺷ دﺎــﺠﻳا ﻲﺒﻧﺎــﺟ تﻻﻮــﺼﺤﻣ ﻞﻴﻟﺪــﺑ ﻪــﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎــﺳو ﻲﻣ ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ و (زوﺰﮔا ﻲﺟوﺮﺧ) قاﺮﺘﺣا هﺪـﻨﻳﻻآ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

يﺎـﻫ

ﻦﺑﺮﻛورﺪــﻴﻫ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻞــﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗا زوﺰــﮔا زا ﻲــﺟوﺮﺧ يﺎﻫﺪﻴــﺴﻛا ،ﺎــﻫ

يد و ﻦﺑﺮﻛﺪﻴﺴﻛﻮﻧﻮﻣ ،نژوﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﺮﻳدﺎـﻘﻣ رد ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﺑﺮﻛﺪﻴﺴﻛا

نﺎﻳز ﺰﻴﻧ ﻢﻛ ) ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ روآ

10 - 8 آ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ .(

زا ﻲـﺟوﺮﺧ ﻲﻤﺳ ﻲﻟ ﻲﻣ نﺰﻨﺑ و ﻦﻴﺋﺪﻟﺎﺘﺳا ،ﺪﻴﻫﺪﻟﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎﺳو

ﺰـﻴﻧ ،ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ

) ﺖﺳا ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ زا 11

.(

زا ،ﺖـﺴﻴﻧ فﺮـﺼﻣ و ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ زﺎﮔ و قﺮﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻘﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﺪﻴﻔـﺳ ﺖـﻔﻧ و ﻞﻴﺋوزﺎﮔ ،بﻮﭼ ،ﮓﻨﺳ لﺎﻏذ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﻛ هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،نﺎﺘﺴﻣز رد صﻮﺼﺨﺑ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ زا ﻲـﮔرﺰﺑ

) ﺪﻧراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﻪﺑ ار اﻮﻫ 7

- 5 (

ﻢـﻫ و ﻦﻴـﻣز هﺮـﻛ نﺪﺷ مﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓ

ﻲﮔدﻮـــﻟآ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـــﻧ تاﺮﻴﺛﺄـــﺗ ﻦﻴـــﻨﭼ قاﺮـــﺘﺣا زا ﻲـــﺷﺎﻧ يﺎـــﻫ

ﺖﺧﻮــﺳ ﺖﻧﻮﻜــﺳ رد ﻲﻠﻴــﺴﻓ يﺎــﻫ هﺎــﮔ

زا يرﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ،يﺮﻬــﺷ يﺎــﻫ

فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﺷاد نآ ﺮﺑ ار ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ يژﺮــﻧا ﺎﻫﺮﻬــﺷ رد ﻲﻠﻴــﺴﻓ يﺎــﻫ

هﺪــﻤﻋ ﺶــﺨﺑ .ﺪــﻧزادﺮﭙﺑ زا يا

يژﺮﻧا ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻪـﺑ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻴﻨﻛﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ فﺮﺼﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗا نﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳا رد و ﺖﺳا ﻞﻘﻧ و ﻞﻤﺣ ﻢﻬـﺳ ،ﻲـﺼﺨﺷ يﺎـﻫ

90

ار ﻞـﻘﻧ و ﻞـﻤﺣ ﺶـﺨﺑ رد هﺪـﺷ فﺮـﺼﻣ يژﺮـﻧا ﻞﻛ زا يﺪﺻرد ) ﺪـﻧراد 1 ﻚـﻴﻓاﺮﺗ .(

هدﺎـﺟ يﺎـﻫ تارﺎـﺸﺘﻧا رد ار ﻲﻠـﺻا ﻢﻬـﺳ ،يا

ﻬﺷ ﻲﺣاﻮﻧ رد اﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ هﺪـﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ .ﺪﻧراد يﺮ

ﻢـﻫ و هدﻮـﺑ ﺮـﻴﻣ و گﺮﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يﺰﻳر تارذ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ وCO

NOx

ﻲﻣ ) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ 14 - 12 .(

ﺎـﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا داﻮﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻲﻣ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻘﻧ و ﻞﻤﺣ ﺶﺨﺑ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎﺳو ﺮﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ

و ﻲﻳاﻮﻫ و بآ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎﺳو ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ و ﻒﻴﻌﺿ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ) دﺮــﻛ هرﺎــﺷا ،رﻮــﺸﻛ رد هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا درﻮــﻣ ﻪــﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎــﺳو ناﺰــﻴﻣ 9

.(

ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻲﻣ هرﺎﺷا نآ زا يدراﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ دراد دﻮﺟو ﺎﻫوردﻮﺧ زا :دﻮﺷ

1 - ﺑ ﻲﻗﺮﺑ ﺎﻳ و يزﺎﮔ يﺎﻫوردﻮﺧ ندﺮﻛ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻲـﻨﻳﺰﻨﺑ يﺎـﺟ ﻪ

ﻲﻠﻴﻳوزﺎﮔ و

(4)

2 - ﻣﻮﺗا نﺎﮔﺪﻧزﺎــﺳ ندﻮــﻤﻧ مﺰــﻠﻣ زا ﺖــﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﻪــﺑ ﻲــﻠﺧاد يﺎــﻫ ﻞــﻴﺒ

اﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا

3 - ﻞــﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗا ندﺮــﻛ جرﺎــﺧ ﺲﻳوﺮــﺳ زا ،ﻲﻤﻳﺪــﻗ و هدﻮــﺳﺮﻓ يﺎــﻫ

يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ و ﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗا ندﺮﻛ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ

4 - ﻚﻳ و ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ ،نﺎﺑﻮﺗا ،وﺮﺘﻣ دﺎﺠﻳا دﺮﻛ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ

نﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ ن ﺎﻫ

5 - ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﻪــﻋﻮﻨﻤﻣ تﺎﻋﺎــﺳ رد ﻚــﻴﻓاﺮﺗ حﺮــﻃ ﻂﺑاﻮــﺿ ﺖــﻳﺎﻋر

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار

6 - ﻪــﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎـﺳو يﺎــﺠﺑ ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻪـﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎــﺳو ندﺮـﻛ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎـﺟ

ﻲﺼﺨﺷ 7 - ) يروﺮﺿﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار زا بﺎﻨﺘﺟا 16

، 15 ، 5 .(

رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ،نﺎﻬﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ رد ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ هﺪﻨﻳﻻآ ﻞـﻤﺣ ﺶﺨﺑ رد هﮋﻳﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮـﻣ ار يﺮﻬـﺷ ﻞـﻘﻧ و

ﺪﻧا هداد راﺮﻗ

ناﺮـﺤﺑ ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد هﺮﻛ ﺖﺴﻳز زا ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ موﺰﻟ و تﺪـﻣ ﺪـﻨﻠﺑ يﺎـﻫ

يا ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ يﺎﻫزﺎﮔ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ناﺰﻴﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ مﺪﻋ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ تﺪﻣ هﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻢﻫ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ اﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ تاﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻦﻴﻨﭼ

ناﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻧاور و ﻲﻤﺴﺟ ﺪﺒﻠﻄﻴﻣ

) 12 ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار زا ﻲﻜﻳ .(

ﻪــﺋارا ،وردﻮــﺧ زا ﻲــﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮــﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮــﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﺖــﻬﺟ رد

شور ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ و ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ فﺮـﺼﻣ ندﻮﻤﻧ

ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻬﻣ (وردﻮـﺧ هﺪﻨﻧار) ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا وردﻮﺧ ﺖﺧﻮﺳ هﻮﺤﻧ زا وردﻮﺧ هﺪﻨﻧار ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ اﺬﻟ .دراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﺶﻘﻧ ﺢﻴﺤـﺻ

و ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻲﻳاﺰـﺴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ،ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هرﺎﺷا نآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ يدراﻮﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻋر

ﺪـﻫاﻮﺧ نآ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ و ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد (نﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻧار) ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺶﻘﻧ درﻮﻣ رد يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺖﺷاد ) ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮـﻣ ﻲﮔﺪـﻨﻧار ﺢﻧاﻮﺳ رد 18

، 17 .(

) نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ و هداز يﺪــﻨﻓا 1384

ــﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺶــﻘﻧ يا ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲــﻃ ( ﮓ

نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲـﺳﺎﺑﺮﻛ و اﻮـﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﺗ يزﺎﺳ ) 1391 ) ورﺪـﻨﺗ يﺎـﻫ سﻮﺑﻮﺗا ﺶﻘﻧ ( فﺮـﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ رد (BRT

) ﺪﻧداد راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ار ﺖﺧﻮﺳ 20

، 19 .(

ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ نﻮﻨﻛﺎــﺗ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻧار) ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧا ﻞــﻣﺎﻋ ﺶــﻘﻧ ﻪــﻨﻴﻣز رد يا

اﺬـﻟ ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﻳدﺮﮕﻧ مﺎـﺠﻧا اﻮـﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ رد (ﺎﻫوردﻮﺧ ﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮـﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎ

ﺖﺧﻮـﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نآ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و

ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ - ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ زا ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟو هدﻮﺑ

ﻲــﻣ ﻞﻴﻜــﺸﺗ (دﺮــﻣ و نز) دﺰــﻳ ﺮﻬــﺷ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻧار ار ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺪــﻨﻫد

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪـﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا هدﺎﺳ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ شور ﻪﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ درﻮـﻣ يﺎـﻫ

ﻦﻴﺑ زا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﺮﻈﻧ 10

.ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا يﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ

ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ ياﺮـﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎـﺼﺗ ترﻮﺼﺑ ار لزﺎﻨﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ برد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ زا ﺲﭘ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ عوﺮﺷ د ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺪﺟاو داﺮﻓا زا ،لزﺎﻨﻣ زا زا ﺪـﻌﺑ .ﺪـﺷ يرﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻪـﺑ تﻮﻋ

،تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا ندﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ زا نداد نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا و ﺖﻳﺎﺿر ﺬﺧا 25

ﺮـﻔﻧ

.ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ ﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺗ دراو ﻪــﺷﻮﺧ ﺮــﻫ زا ﻊــﻤﺟ شور

،تﺎــﻋﻼﻃا يروآ

ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ترﻮﺼﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ

شراﺰﮔ دﻮﺧ ﻲﻫد

ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ

.ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار

ﻃا ﺢﻄﺳ ﺐﻳاﺮﺿ بﺎﺴﺘﺣا و تﻮﻠﻳﺎﭘ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ نﺎﻨﻴﻤ

95 ﺪـﺻرد

رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و 2

يﺎﻄﺧ و 25 داﺪـﻌﺗ ،ﺪـﺻرد 250

درﻮـﻣ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ

.ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ

ﺢﻄــﺳ ،ﺲﻨــﺟ ،ﻦــﺳ) ﻚــﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد يﺎــﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ،ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦــﻳا رد درﻮـﻣ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮـﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ،(ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ و تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ

(5)

هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﺮﺑرد ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ.ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ 15

ﺎـﺑ) لاﺆـﺳ

ﻴﺧ ،ﻪﻠﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻒﻴﻃ .دﻮﺑ (ﻢﻧاد ﻲﻤﻧ ،ﺮ

هﺪـﻧﺮﻴﮔﺮﺑرد شﺮـﮕﻧ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ 12

،ﻢﻘﻓاﻮـﻣ ﺦـﺳﺎﭘ ﻒـﻴﻃ ﺎـﺑ) لاﺆـﺳ

هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﺮﺑرد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ و (ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ و مراﺪﻧ يﺮﻈﻧ 9

لاﺆﺳ ﺎﺑ)

.دﻮﺑ (ترﺪﻧ ﻪﺑ ،تﺎﻗوا ﻲﻫﺎﮔ ،ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻒﻴﻃ

ﻖـﻳﺮﻃزا رﻮﻛﺬـﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳو اﻮﺘﺤﻣرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ و ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷزرا مﺎـﺠﻧا ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮـﻣ ﻪـﻨﻴﻣز رد سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ هوﺮﮔ تاﺮﻈﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪـﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

يورﺮﺑ 10 يﺮﻴﮔرﺎـﻜﺑ ﺎـﺑ و ﺪـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا ،ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ هوﺮﮔ زا ﺮﻔﻧ

ﺎﭘ خﺎــﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎــﻔﻟآ نﻮــﻣزآ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻳﺎــﻳ

راﺮــﻗ ﺪــﻴﻳﺄﺗ درﻮــﻣ ﺎــﻫ

ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻔﻟآ ﺐﻳاﺮﺿ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 89 / 0 ، 88 / 0 ، 78 / 0 .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ

راﺰــﻓا مﺮــﻧ دراو ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ هﺪــﺷ يروآ ﻊــﻤﺟ تﺎــﻋﻼﻃا يرﺎــﻣآ نﻮــﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺎــﺑ و ﺪــﻳدﺮﮔSPSS

ﻚــﻳﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ يﺎــﻫ

ANOVA و

T-test ــﺳا ﻲﮕﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫ نﻮــﻣزآ و ﻦﻴــﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻦﻣﺮﻴﭙ

نﻮــﻣزآ ) ﻚــﻳﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﺮﻴﻏ يﺎــﻫ Mann-Whitney

Kruskal- و

Wallis .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ (

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ،هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ 42

هوﺮـﮔ رد ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮـﻣ داﺮﻓا زا %

ﻲﻨﺳ 35 - 25 ،ﺎﻫدﺮﻣ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ لﺎﺳ 2

/ 53 ﺖﻛﺮﺷ زا % نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ار ياراد ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .ﺪﻧداد

) ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ 76

.ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ (%

هداد ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ هﺮـﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ

ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ داﺮﻓا رد ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ 99

/

±1 96 / 8 هﺮـﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ، ﺎــﺑ ﺮــﺑاﺮﺑ شﺮــﮕﻧ

89 /

±1 13 / 9 ﺎــﺑ ﺮــﺑاﺮﺑ دﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋ هﺮــﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ و

58 /

±1 66 / 7 .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ

لوﺪـﺟ رد داﺮـﻓا دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮـﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآ هﺮﻤﻧ 1

هﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺋارا

.ﺖــﺳا 186 ) نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻧار زا ﺮــﻔﻧ 4

/ 74 و ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﻫﺎــﮔآ ياراد (%

161 ) ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ياراد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار زا ﺮﻔﻧ 4

/ 64 هﺮﻤﻧ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ (%

شﺮﮕﻧ 160 ) ﻲﻟﺎﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ رد هﺪﻨﻧار 64

.ﺖﺷاد راﺮﻗ (%

لواﺪﺟ رد 1

ﺎﺗ 4 ﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ، ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ هﺮﻤﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕ

ﺢﻄﺳ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ،ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ و تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ

شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻦﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻄﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻣآ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

و ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد دﺮﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار هدﻮﺑ نز نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ وردﻮﺧ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار شﺮﮕﻧ و ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﻦﻴﺑ ،تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا

) ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا اﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ 05

/

>0 .(P

ﻧار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ هﺮﻤﻧ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد يﺮﺘﻤﻛ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﮔﺪﻨ

.دﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ

ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ يداﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ناﺰﻴﻣ زا 2 .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻄﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد لﺎﺳ

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ يرﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﺖﺧﻮﺳ

.ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ،وردﻮﺧ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮﻫ

(6)

ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ هار ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ درﻮﻣ رد هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ رد ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﺮﻈﻧ زا دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ لوﺪﺟ 5 .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا

نﺎﻤﻫ جوﺮﺧ ،نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﺮﺜﻛا ،دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻛ رﻮﻃ

ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ﻨﺻ و ﺎﻫ هار ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ار ﺮﻬﺷ هدوﺪﺤﻣ زا اﻮﻫ هﺪﻨﻳﻻآ ﻊﻳﺎ

ﻲﻣ دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧاد

لوﺪﺟ 1 ﻦﺳ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ :

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ

شﺮﮕﻧ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

هﺮﻤﻧ

(لﺎﺳ) ﻦﺳ

داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ

فاﺮﺤﻧا رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ

فاﺮﺤﻧا رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا

رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 25 56

8 92

/ 1 19

/ 8 8

57 / 1 21 / 8 7 53

/ 1 96 / 6

35 - 25 105

9 95

/ 1 10

/ 9 9

75 / 1 24 / 9 8 56

/ 1 74 / 7

45 - 35 58

9 13

/ 2 01

/ 9 10

20 / 2 37 / 9 8 52

/ 1 74 / 7

زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ 45 31

10 61

/ 1 74

/ 9 10

73 / 1 93 / 9 9 45

/ 1 48 / 8

ﻊﻤﺟ 250

9 99

/ 1 96

/ 8 9

89 / 1 13 / 9 8 58

/ 1 66 / 7

P-Value 002

/ 0 000

/ 0

لوﺪﺟ 2 ﺲﻨﺟ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ :

هﺮﻤﻧ

ﺲﻨﺟ داﺪﻌﺗ

ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا

رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ

نز 117

8 08

/ 2 14 / 8 9 81

/ 1 84 / 8 7 55 / 1 7

دﺮﻣ 133

10 61

/ 1 67 / 9 10 93

/ 1 38 / 9 8 40 / 1 21 / 8

ﻊﻤﺟ 250

9 99

/ 1 96 / 8 9 89

/ 1 13 / 9 8 58 / 1 66 / 7

P-Value 000

/ 0 000

/ 0 014

/ 0

لوﺪﺟ 3 ﺢﻄﺳ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ : تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ

هﺮﻤﻧ

تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ

ﻢﻠﭙﻳد ﺮﻳز 13

9 47

/ 1 9

9 26

/ 1 61 / 9 9 68 / 1 9

ﻢﻠﭙﻳد 47

9 59

/ 1 12 / 9 9 92

/ 1 17 / 9 8 40 / 1 65 / 7

ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

190 9

11 / 2 96 / 8 9 92

/ 1 08 / 9 8 59 / 1 56 / 7

ﻊﻤﺟ 250

9 99

/ 1 96 / 8 9 89

/ 1 13 / 9 8 58 / 1 66 / 7

P-V 7

/ 0 59

/ 0 002

/ 0

(7)

لوﺪﺟ 4 ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ :

هﺮﻤﻧ

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ

زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 2 لﺎﺳ 21

7 84

/ 1 71 / 7 9 95

/ 1 85 / 8 7 45 / 1 28 / 7

5 - 2 لﺎﺳ 64

9 04

/ 2 51 / 8 50 / 8 83 / 1 54 / 8 7 58 / 1 18 / 7

زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ 5 لﺎﺳ 165 9

90 / 1 29 / 9 10 86

/ 1 39 / 9 8 56 / 1 89 / 7

ﻊﻤﺟ 250

9 99

/ 1 96 / 8 9 89

/ 1 13 / 9 8 58 / 1 66 / 7

P-V 000

/ 0 002

/ 0 007

/ 0

لوﺪﺟ

5 ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا : اﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار يﺪﻨﺑ

ﻒﻳدر رﺎﻜﻫار

داﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﺻرد

1 ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ جوﺮﺧ هدﻮﻟآ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ و ﺎﻫ

ﺮﻬﺷ هدوﺪﺤﻣ زا اﻮﻫ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ 100

40

2 نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺰﺒﺳ يﺎﻀﻓ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ

41 4

/ 16

3 ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫوردﻮﺧ ددﺮﺗ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ

ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺮﺳ 34

6 / 13

4 ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

32 8

/ 12

5 ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﻘﻧ و ﻞﻤﺣ نﺎﻜﻣا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا

24 6

/ 9

6 ﺎﻫوردﻮﺧ ددﺮﺗ ندﺮﻛ دﺮﻓ و جوز

8 2

/ 3

7 ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﻘﻧ و ﻞﻤﺣ نﺎﮔوﺎﻧ يزﺎﺳﻮﻧ

7 8

/ 2

8 باﻮﺟ ﻲﺑ

4 6

/ 1

ﻊﻤﺟ 250

100

يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ

ﻪﻓﺮﺻ زا ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ رد ﻲﻳﻮﺟ هﺮﻴﺧذ ،ﻲﻠﻣ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺮﻈﻧ

نآ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ تﺎﻌﺒﺗ و اﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻳآ ياﺮﺑ يژﺮﻧا رد نآ ﻢﻬــﺳ ﺪــﻳﺎﺑ رﺎــﻜﻫار ﺮــﻫ بﺎــﺨﺘﻧا رد .ﺖــﺳا ﺖــﻴﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎــﺣ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ نآ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا و فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻢـﻫ و يﺮﻬﺷ ياﻮﻫ ﺮـﻈﻧ رد ار نآ ياﺮـﺟا زا ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ

ﺣ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد .ﺖــﻓﺮﮔ دﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮــﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎــﮔآ ناﺰــﻴﻣ ،ﺮــﺿﺎ

ﺖﺧﻮـﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد دﺰﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار راﺮــﻗ ﻲــﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮــﻣ وردﻮــﺧ زا ﻲــﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮــﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮــﻟآ لﺮــﺘﻨﻛ و

تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ دﻮـﺟو مﺪـﻋ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ زا .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ

، زا هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ اﺬـﻟ

ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .دﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ نﺎﻜﻣا ،ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

،ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآ ناﺰـﻴﻣ ،ﻦـﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮﮕﻧ ،تﻼﻴـﺼﺤﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا .ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد يﺮﺗ

ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻃ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و نﺎﻴﺴﻧﻮﻳ .دﻮﺑ رد يا

لﺎـﺳ 1392 ،ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآ ،

(8)

تارﺮــﻘﻣ ﻪــﻨﻴﻣز رد ار ناﺮــﻬﺗ ﺮﻬــﺷ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻧار دﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮــﮕﻧ ﺎـﻬﻧآ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧداد راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار و ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻨﻫار طﺎــﺒﺗرا و ﺎــﻬﻧآ ﻦــﺳ ﺎــﺑ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻧار ﻲﻫﺎــﮔآ طﺎــﺒﺗرا ﻪــﻛ داد نﺎــﺸﻧ عﻮـﻧ و ﻞﻫﺄﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ،تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ،ﻞﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗا ) ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ

21 نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و داﮋـﻧ عراز .(

) 1391 نﻮﻴﻣﺎﻛ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ( سﻮﺑﻮﺗا و ﺎﻫ

ار يﺮﻬـﺷ ﻦﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ

يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺮﻧوﺮﻛ قوﺮﻋ يﺎﻫ

ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد .ﺪﻧداد راﺮﻗ نﺎـﻴﻣ يرﺎـﻣآ راد

ﻞــﻣاﻮﻋ صﻮــﺼﺧ رد ﻲﻫﺎــﮔآ ندﻮﺑﻻﺎــﺑ و تﻼﻴــﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺧ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﻓآﺮﻄ و ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ رد ﺮﻧوﺮﻛ قوﺮﻋ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ صﻮـﺼﺧرد ﻲﻫﺎﮔآ ناﺰﻴﻣ و ﻦﺳ يرﺎﻣآ راد

ﻦـﻳا .ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣﺮﻧوﺮﻛ قوﺮﻋ يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﻓآﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻴﺳر ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻲـﺷزﻮﻣآ تﺎﻣاﺪـﻗا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ لﺎﻤﻋا

ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ رد و ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآ ﺢﻄﺳ ندﺮﺑﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ يا دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖـﻳﺎﻬﻧ

يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زوﺮﺑ زا ﻪﻴﻟوا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘرد ،نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

) 22 .(

ندﺮـﻛ دﺮـﻓ و جوز ،ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺮﺳ ﻚﺗ يﺎﻫوردﻮﺧ ددﺮﺗ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا ،ﺮﻬـﺷ ﺢﻄـﺳ رد ﺰﺒـﺳ يﺎـﻀﻓ شﺮﺘـﺴﮔ ،ﺎـﻫوردﻮﺧ ددﺮﺗ يزﺎـﺳﻮﻧ و ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻞـﻘﻧ و ﻞﻤﺣ نﺎﻜﻣا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ،ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ زا ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﻘﻧ و ﻞﻤﺣ نﺎﮔوﺎﻧ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﻪﻠﻤﺟ

،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ اﻮﻫ 100

ﺮـﻔﻧ

) نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار زا 40

دﺰـﻳ ﺮﻬـﺷ ياﻮـﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ هار ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ،(%

ﻪــﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ جوﺮــﺧ ار

،ﺮﻬــﺷ هدوﺪــﺤﻣ زا اﻮــﻫ هﺪــﻨﻳﻻآ ﻊﻳﺎﻨــﺻ و ﺎــﻫ

ﻲﻣ ) نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﻟﺪﺒﻋ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧاد 1384

ﻢﻫدزﻮـﻧ ﺚـﺤﺒﻣ ياﺮـﺟا (

ﺮــﻘﻣ

رد ﺎــﻫوردﻮﺧ ﻲــﻨﻓ ﻪــﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗ و نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﻲــﻠﻣ تار

ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ار ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و يژﺮﻧا ﻲﻳﻮﺟ ﺚــﺤﺒﻣ ياﺮــﺟا ﻪــﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻴــﺳر ﻪــﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺪــﺑ ﻦﻴــﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻦــﻳا .ﺪــﻧدﺮﻛ

ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻫوردﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ و ﻢﻫدزﻮﻧ 3

و 20

ﻲﻣ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ياﻮﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ يﺪﺻرد ﺎـﺑ ﻲـﻓﺮﻃ زا .دﻮـﺷ

ﺐـﺼﻧ

ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗراﺮﺣ تﺎﺴﻴﺳﺄﺗ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ و ﻚﻴﺗﺎﺘﺳﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﺷ دوﺪﺣ ﻲﻳاﺮﺟا ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ 10

ﻲـﻣ دراد ار ﻢﻫدزﻮﻧ ﺚﺤﺒﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ

لدﺎﻌﻣ 30 ﻪﻓﺮـﺻ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﻢﻫدزﻮﻧ ﺚﺤﺒﻣ ياﺮﺟا ﺪﺻرد رد ﻲﻳﻮـﺟ

) دﻮﺷ يژﺮﻧا 23

سﻮﺑﻮﺗا ﺶﻘﻧ ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﺳﺎﺑﺮﻛ.(

ورﺪـﻨﺗ يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ار ﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ و اﻮ

ﺮـﺛا ﻦﻳﺮﺗزرﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻛ داد نﺎـﺸﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ .ﺪﻧداد راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ،حﺮﻃ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا رﺎـﺸﺘﻧا زا ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا يﺎـﻫ

هﺪﻨﻳﻻآ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺧﻮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺰﻴﻧ و ﺎﻫ

) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 20 .(

ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳا نآ زا ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ دﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋ و شﺮــﮕﻧ ،ﻲﻫﺎــﮔآ ﻪــﻨﻴﻣز رد دﺰــﻳ ﺮﻬــﺷ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻧار

ياﻮـﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ و ﺖﺧﻮـﺳ فﺮـﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ يﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻖﺑﺎـﻄﻣ .ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻲـﻣ ﻲﻄـﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄـﺳ رد ،وردﻮﺧ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ و ﺖﺧﻮــﺳ فﺮــﺼﻣ ﻪــﻨﻴﻣز رد دﻮــﺷ ﻲــﻣ دﺎﻬﻨــﺸﻴﭘ هﺪــﻣآ ﺖــﺳﺪﺑ ﻪــﺑ يﺪـﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ يﺎــﻫ شزﻮـﻣآ ،وردﻮـﺧ زا ﻲــﺷﺎﻧ ياﻮـﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﻢﻫ .دﻮﺷ هداد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧار

ﺎـﻫ شزﻮـﻣآ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻢﻴـﻈﻨﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣ ي

ﺖـﻓﺎﻳرد نﺎﻴـﺿﺎﻘﺘﻣ ياﺮـﺑ اﻮـﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ و ﺖﺴﻳز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ،وردﻮﺧ .دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻧار ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻴﻫاﻮﮔ

ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ دﺎﻀﺗ

ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا رد .دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻲﻌﻓﺎﻨﻣ دﺎﻀﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﻲﻧاد رﺪﻗ و ﺮﻜﺸﺗ

ﻮﻧ ﻳ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ ﻣ مزﻻ دﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻲ

ﺪﻨﻧاد زا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ

دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ

حﺮﻃ زا ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ

:ﺪﻛ) ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ 3966

( ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ .

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