The Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on lipid Oxidation in Susages

(1)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Received: 2016/01/20 Accepted:2016/05/6

The Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on lipid Oxidation in Susages

Atefeh Yousefi (M.Sc)

¹

, Bahador Hajimohammadi (Ph.D)

²

, Fathollah Buzarjomehri (Ph.D)

³

, Vali Dad (M.Sc)

⁴

, Pejman SHirmardi (Ph.D)

⁵

,

Naemeh Keyghobadi (M.Sc)

⁶

1.Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

2.CorrespondingAuthor: Assistant Professor Department Food Hygiene and Safety, Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Email: [email protected] Tel:09112751238

3.Professor, Department of Medical Physics and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine ,Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

4.M.Sc in Medical Bacteriology Reference Laboratory of Water and Wastewater, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

5.Ph.D in Nuclear Medicine Engineering Radiation application school, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute of Atomic Energy Organization, Yazd, Iran

6.M.Sc in Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Irradiation treatment is one of the best techniques to extend the shelf-life of meat, without emerging the nutritional properties and sensory quality of irradiated meat products.

However electron-beam may cause transformations in foods but has been known as to the most easily-applied irradiation technique in food industries. Electron-beam irradiation is an environment friendly, low cost and time effective alternative to other decontamination technologies. Lipid oxidation could produce of irradiated meat. This study aimed at evaluating the state of lipid oxidation of irradiated sausages. Its findings could help the control, improve food safety and quality properties to food industries.

Methods: Sausages were purchased in a local supermarket, minced sausages blended for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis and divided into 25 g pieces. The samples including one control group and four case groups. Packaged sausage were exposed at doses of 0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 5 kGy and analyzed on various days 0, 5, 10 and 30.

Results: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) has increased as time goes on (P<0.05).

A significant relationship was observed on different Doses. But, the maximum of TBARS was observed in 3 kGy.

Conclusion: Utilizing of Electron-beam irradiation in low doses does not have significant difference on lipid oxidation. Irradiating of meat products by addition of antioxidants can minimize or avoid the development of rancidity.

Keywords: Irradiation, Electron beam, Lipid oxidation, TBARS

Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no Conflict interests.

This Paper Should be Cited as:

The Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on lipid Oxidation in Susages J Tolooebehdasht Sci 2017; 16(3):1-8. [Persian]

(2)

ود ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ

لﺎﺳ ﺎﺷ ﻢﻫدﺰﻧ

، هرﺎﻤﺷ رﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ و دادﺮﻣ،مﻮﺳ 1396

ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ تاﺮﺛا ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ رد ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :

ﻲﻔﺳﻮﻳ ﻪﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻲﺟﺎﺣ ردﺎﻬﺑ ،

1

يﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﷲا ﺢﺘﻓ ،

2

يﺮﻬﻤﺟرذﻮﺑ داد ﻲﻟو ،

3

يدﺮﻣﺮﻴﺷ نﺎﻣﮋﭘ ،

4

يدﺎﺒﻘﻴﻛ ﻪﻤﻴﻌﻧ ،

5

6

1 . هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ

ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ

ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ دﺰﻳ

2 . لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :

رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا ،اﺬﻏ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و

ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ

سﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : 09112751283 Email: [email protected]

3 . دﺎﺘﺳا هوﺮﮔ

،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻚﻳﺰﻴﻓ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ دﺰﻳ

4 . هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ دﺰﻳ نﺎﺘﺳا ﺲﻧاﺮﻓر يﺎﻫ

5 . يﺮﺘﻛد ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ،يا

يا ﻪﺘﺴﻫ نﻮﻨﻓ و مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ،يﺰﻛﺮﻣ ناﺮﻳا ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻣ

6 . سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ،يژﻮﻟﻮﻴﻣﺪﻴﭘا ﺪﺷرا

، ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ دﺰﻳ

ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ

ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ ود دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد لﺎﺳ ﻢﻫدﺰﻧﺎﺷ

هرﺎﻤﺷ : مﻮﺳ

رﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ و دادﺮﻣ 1396

ﻞﺴﻠﺴﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ 63 :

لﻮﺻو ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

30 / 10 / 1394

شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

17 / 2 / 1395 هﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ شور ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ : ءﻮﺳ تاﺮﺛا نوﺪﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺮﻤﻋ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﮔﮋﻳو و يﺬﻐﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻲﺴﺣ يﺎﻫ

. ار ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ رد ﻲﺗاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ دﺎﺠﻳا نﺎﻜﻣا ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا

نﺎﺳآ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣا ،دراد شور ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ .

ﻂﻴﺤﻣ راﺪﺘﺳود ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ

ﻢﻛ ،ﺖﺴﻳز ﺖﻗو ﺮﻴﻏ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻚﻳ و ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ

شور ﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا ﻲﻳادز .

ﻲﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا دﻮﺷ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

. ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا زا فﺪﻫ

ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ رد ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ ،لﺮﺘﻨﻛ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻲﮔﮋﻳو و ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا ﺎﻘﺗرا ﺮﺛا ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ رد ﻲﺘﻴﻔﻴﻛ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ .

ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ خﺮﭼ ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ ،ﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ يﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ زا ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ :

ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻪﺑ و طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﺪﻴﺳا

يﺎﻫ 25 ﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هوﺮﮔ ﻚﻳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ

رﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ هوﺮﮔ .

ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺎﻫ زود ضﺮﻌﻣ رد هﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ يﺎﻫ

0 ، 1 ، 2 ، 3 و 5 يﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ

زور رد و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

0 ، 5 ، 10 و 30 ﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪﻧ

.

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ناﺰﻴﻣ: ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا نﺎﻣز رﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﺳا

. رد زود ﻲﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ يراد

ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )

05 /

<0 (P ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻣا ، ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ

زود رد ﺪﻴﺳا 3

ﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يﺮﮔ .

يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ زود رد ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻜﺑ:

ﻮﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ

رد ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﺮﺑ

دراﺪﻧ ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ .

ﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ ندوﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ناﺪﻴﺴ

ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا .

هژاو يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ ،ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ،ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ ،ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ:

ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ﺪﻴﺳا

ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ زا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ

مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ و

تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ دﺰﻳ .

(3)

، هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻮﺳ

،م رﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ و دادﺮﻣ 1396

ﻪﻫد ﻲﻃ ﺮﻴﺧا يﺎﻫ هدروآﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ،

ﻪﺑ هدﺎﻣآ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ يﺎﻫ

هﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺖﺨﭘ نﺎﻣز ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ يروآﺮﻓ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ و فﺮﺼﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ناﺮﻳا رد )

1 ( تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ،

و ﺖﮔﺎﻧ ،ﻪﺗﺎﭘ ،ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ،ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ زا ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ...

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

) 2 ( . ياﺬﻏ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ زا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هدﺎﻣآ

خﺮﭼ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ هدﺮﻛ

ﻲﺑﺮﭼ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧاﻮﻴﺣ

،ﻚﻤﻧ ، ﻪﻳودا

نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ تﺎﻗوا ﻲﻫﺎﮔ و

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺮﻄﻌﻣ دﻮﺷ

. بﻮﺒﺤﻣ زا ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ي ﺖﺳا نﺎﻬﺟ رد مﻮﻤﻋ دﺰﻧ )

3 ( . فﺮﺼﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

لدﺎﻌﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧا رد ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ 60

لﺎﺳ رد ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد مﺮﮔ 2000

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ )

4 ( . اد ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ يﺎﻫ شور ﻦﻳﺮﺗ عﻮﻨﺘﻣ يار

هﺪﺷ خﺮﺳ و ﺰﭘ بآ ،ﺰﭘ ﻢﻴﻧ ،ﻲﺑﺎﺒﻛ ،ﻪﺘﺨﭘ ،مﺎﺧ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا فﺮﺼﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ) 5 ( . ﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ سﺎﺳا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ WHO) (

رد لﺎﺳ 1981 هدروآﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺗ

10 يﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﻮﺗﺮﭘ

ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻢﻟﺎﺳ و ﻲﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .

زود رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ

5 / 2 ﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﻣ ،رﻮﻴﻃ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﻲ 4

و 7

دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ و هزﺎﺗ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ يﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ )

6 ( . ﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا زا ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺎﻬﻧآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و

ﻪﺑ بﺎﺴﺣ

ﺪﻳآ ﻲﻣ . ﻴﺘﻛاﻮﻳدار تﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ ﻮ

، ﻪﺳوﺮﭘ ندﻮﺑ هﺎﺗﻮﻛ

نوﺮﺘﺳ يزﺎﺳ

، اﺬﻏ زا ﻪﻠﻘﺘﻨﻣ نژﻮﺗﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺐﻠﻏا يدﻮﺑﺎﻧ و

ﻊﻴﺳو ﻢﺠﺣ رد ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ اﺰﻣ زا

يﺎﻳ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﻫد ﺶﺑﺎﺗ

) 7 ( . ﻫ شور ﺮﮕﻳد ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﻦﻳا گرﺰﺑ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺎ

ﻦﻳﺮﺧآ رد ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ اﺮﻳز ،ﺖﺳا ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻲﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ زا ﺲﭘ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺳوﺮﭘ زا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ دﻮﺷ

. رد

يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ياﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﺴﺣ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ و يﺬﻐﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻆﻔﺣ ،ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ) 8 (.

،لﺎﺣ ﻦﻳا ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ

ﻲﻳﺎﻫ رد درﻮﻣ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ

ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ زا رد

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ و رﻮﻴﻃ هﺪﻳد ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻪﻛ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻦﻳا شور ار ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳا رد

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻲﻣ تاﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ،دزﺎﺳ

ﻊﻳﺮﺴﺗ ناﻮﺗ

ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا دﺮﺑ مﺎﻧ ار ﺎﻫ

. ﻌﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا زا فﺪﻫ تاﺮﺛا ﻦﻴﻴ

ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ رد ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ .

ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور

ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺎﺑ

70 % وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ نآ يﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ زا

،ﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ي 25 ﻲﻣﺮﮔ مﻮﻴﻛو يﺎﻫ ﻪﺴﻴﻛ رد هزاﺪﻧا ﺎﺑ

10 × 12

ﺮﻄﻗ و ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ 3

- 5 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ،ﺮﺘﻣ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ و ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ

ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ نﺮﻳﺎﺘﺳا ﻲﻠﭘ هﺪﺷ ﻖﻳﺎﻋ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻌﺟ )

ﺰﻛﺮﻣ

يﺰﻛﺮﻣ ناﺮﻳا ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ (

ﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ .

يﺎﻣد رد ﻲﻫد ﻪﻌﺷا 18

- 20

داﺮﮔ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد )

قﺎﺗا يﺎﻣد (

مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ و ﺎﺗ ﻲﻫد ﻪﻌﺷا زا ﺲﭘ

نﺎﻣز

،ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﺎﻣد رد ي 5 /

± 0 4 ﻪﺟرد

داﺮﮔ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ راﺮﻗ

ﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﻨﺘ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زور ﻲﻃ ﺎﻫ ،ﺮﻔﺻ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ و ﻞﻬﭼ و ﻲﺳ ،هد ،ﺞﻨﭘ .

هﺪﻨﻫد بﺎﺘﺷ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻜﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻫد ﻪﻌﺷا رد ﺖﻔﺗ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد ﻊﻗاو يﺰﻛﺮﻣ ناﺮﻳا ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ نوﺮﺗدور

دﺰﻳ نﺎﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا

. ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫزود ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﺎﻫ ي

1

، 2 ، 3 و 5

دﺎﻌﺑا رد يﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ 60

× 60 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻧ راﻮﻧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ و ﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ 25

- 20

دﻮﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ .

ﻪﻠﻴﺳو ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﻤﻳزود ﻢﻠﻴﻓ

FWT يﺎﻫ ترﻮﺻ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﻢﻠﻴﻓ ﻦﻳا ،ﺪﻧا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫ

ﻢﻠﻴﻓ بﺬﺟ ﺮﺛا رد ﺞﻳرﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻛزﺎﻧ و ﮓﻧر ﻲﺑ يﺎﻫ

(4)

ﻲﻣ ﮓﻧر ﻲﺑآ ،ﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

. ترﻮﺻ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫ زا ﻞﺒﻗ يﺮﺘﻤﻳزود

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻟﺎﭘ يور ﻒﻳدر ﻚﻳ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ .

ﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺶﺑﺎﺗ ﺎﺗ ﺖﻟﺎﭘ نﺪﻴﺳر زا 3

ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ،ﻪﻘﻴﻗد

ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا 2

ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﻪﻈﻔﺤﻣ زا ﺖﻟﺎﭘ جوﺮﺧ ﺎﺗ و ﻪﻘﻴﻗد 15

- 12

ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﻮﻄﺑ ،ﺪﻴﺸﻛ لﻮﻃ ﻪﻘﻴﻗد 20

- 16 لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗد

ﺪﻴﻣﺎﺠﻧا .

ﺮﭘ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻴﭙﻴﻟ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﺴﻛا

،ددﺮﮔ

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و حﻼﻓ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ )

2010 ( ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا )

9 ( .

ار هﺪﺷ خﺮﭼ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ مﺮﮔ ود ﺎﺑ

5 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 20

ﺪﺻرد

ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻴﺘﺳاوﺮﻠﻜﻳﺮﺗ )

20 ﻚﻴﺘﺳاوﺮﻠﻛ يﺮﺗ مﺮﮔ ﻚﻳ رد ار ﺪﻴﺳا

ﺪﻴﺳا ﻲﻤﻛ راﺪﻘﻣ رد و هدﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳزﻮﺗ ﺮﺸﺑ ﻚﻳﺮﻔﺴﻓ

2 ﻞﺣ رﻻﻮﻣ

ﻦﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا زا ﺲﭘ و هدﺮﻛ 100

ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺪﻴﺳا ﺎﺑ يﺮﺘﻴﻟ

هﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﻢﺠﺣ ﺪﺷ

( ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻢﻴﻧ رد

ﻚﻴﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد

ﻮﻠﺨﻣ هدﻮﻤﻧ ط فﺮﻇ ﺲﭙﺳ ، ﺎﺑ ﻦﻛ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ

5 ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ

هداد ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ و

دﺮﮔ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﻲﻠﺒﻗ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻳ

ﺪ . ﻞﻛ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ رد

ﺎﺑ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ يﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻚﻳ

) هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻦﻤﺗاو 1

ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ 9 ﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ (

دﺮﮔ فﺎﺻ ﻳ

ﺪ . ﺞﻨﭘ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻚﻴﺘﺳاوﺮﻠﻛ يﺮﺗ هرﺎﺼﻋ زا ﺮﺘﻴﻟ

ﺪﻴﺳا ﺎﺑ ار ﺖﺷﻮﮔ

5 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ زا ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ

ﺪﻴﺳا 01 / 0

رﻻﻮﻣ ) 2883 / 0 زا مﺮﮔ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ار ﺪﻴﺳا

ﺪﻴﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد

ﻚﻴﺘﺳا 90 ندﺮﻛ مﺮﮔ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﺑ و هدﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﺣ

100

هﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺪﺷ

( رد ﻪﺑ و هدﺮﻛ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻚﻳ

تﺪﻣ 1 رد ﺖﻋﺎﺳ مﺎﻤﺣ

100 سﻮﻴﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ

ﺎﺗ

دﺎﺠﻳا ﮓﻧر دﺮﮔ

ﻳ ﺪ . ﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ جﻮﻣ لﻮﻃ رد ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﮓﻧر 532

ﺖﺋاﺮﻗ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﺷ

.

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ

تﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺎﺑ

2 راﺮﻜﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ هداد و ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا مﺮﻧ

راﺰﻓا SPSS 20 ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ

. نﻮﻣزآ ANOVA ﻲﻨﻌﻣ نﺎﻴﺑ ياﺮﺑ

زور و زود رد ﻲﻫوﺮﮔ نورد ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ و ﺖﻓر رﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ندﻮﺑ راد يﺎﻫ

نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ Post Hoc Tests (LSD)

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ .

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا يراد ﺪﺣ رد ﺎﻫ

05 /

<0 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ردP .

هزﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ،ﺪﻫﺎﺷ و لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ ود ﺮﻫ رد ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣز يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ دﻮﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ زور زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يراد

) 05 /

<0 (P ﺎﻣا ،

زور رد يﺎﻫ 5

، 10 و 30 ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا

) 05 /

>0 .(P

لوﺪﺟ 1 : ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺪﻴﺳا هزﺎﺑ رد لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻧﺎﻣز يﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

زور داﺪﻌﺗ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا

نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ 95

% يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

ﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻤﻛ

0 2

20750 / 0 009192 / 0 29009 / 0 12491

/ 0 002

/ 0

5 2

30800 / 0 009899 / 0 39694 / 0 21906

/ 0

10 2

31250 / 0 028991 / 0 57298 / 0 05202

/ 0

30 2

27050 / 0 003536 / 0 30227 / 0 23873

/ 0

(5)

زور داﺪﻌﺗ

% يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

0 8

22488 / 0 025660 / 0 26633 / 0 22342 / 0 009

/ 0

5 8

29525 / 0 037731 / 0 32679 / 0 26371 / 0

10 8

29038 / 0 51258

/ 0 32323

/ 0 24752 / 0

30 8

26975 / 0 53598

/ 0 31456

/ 0 22494 / 0

لوﺪﺟ 3 : ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺪﻴﺳا هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ

زود رد رﺎﻤﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

زود داﺪﻌﺗ

%

1 10

24840 / 0 035827

/ 0 27403

/ 0 22277

/ 0

2 10

23740 / 0 015827

/ 0 24872

/ 0 22608

/ 0

3 10

30370 / 0 054589

/ 0 34275

/ 0 26465

/ 0

5 10

27550 / 0 038053

/ 0 30272

/ 0 24828

/ 0

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ

زود رد ﺪﻴﺳا 3

ﻮﻠﻴﻛ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ يﺮﮔ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﮕﻳد زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يراد زود

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا و دﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ يراد

زود يﺎﻫ 1 و 2 ﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يﺮﮔ .

رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ

زود 5 ﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا يﺮﮔ زود ﺎﺑ يراد

2 ﻮﻠﻴﻛ ،ﺖﺷاد يﺮﮔ

رد زود ﺮﻳﺎﺳ رد ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺎﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا ﺮﻈﻧ زا يراد

ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .

ﺤﺑ ﺚ و يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ و ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا تﻼﻀﻋ ﻲﺤﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ،ناﻮﻴﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ زا ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ

شور ،يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ،ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ زود ،ماد ﻚﻳ نﺪﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ناﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ ندوﺰﻓا و يﺪﻨﺑ دراد ﺎﻫ

) 10 ( . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد

ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻚﻳرﻮﺘﻴﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ﺪﻴﺳا

ﺮﺑ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺪﻴﺋﺪﻟآ نﻮﻟﺎﻣ رد

ﺮﻫ مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ و رد لوﺪﺟ 1

ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ هداد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ زا ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﻛ

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ و

هدروآﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ نآ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﺑﺮﭼ

رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . رد يﺎﻫﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﻊﻗاو ناﺰﻴﻧﻮﻳ

ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

يﺎﻬﻟﺎﻜﻳدار رد ﻞﻴﺴﻛورﺪﻴﻫ

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﺑآ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ و زا ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧآ

ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ ناﺰﻴﻣ يوﺎﺣ يدﺎﻳز

بآ

،ﺖﺳا ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ

بﺎﺘﺷ

نﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻮﻴﺗاﺪﻴﺴﻛا

رد نآ ﻲﻣ ددﺮﮔ .

و تﺎﻧﺎﻛ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ

) 1997 ( ،غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ،ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳرد

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻮﻟﺎﻓﻮﺑ و ﺪﻨﻔﺳﻮﮔ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ يراد

رﺎﻬﭼ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻲﻃ و ﺮﻔﺻ زور رد ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ يﺎﻣد رد ﻪﺘﻔﻫ 0

- 3 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ

ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ) 12 ( .

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺰﻣﻮﮔ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ )

2006 ( ،غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ رد

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻃ ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا يراد

21

يﺎﻣد رد يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ زور 4

ار داﺮﮔ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ) 13 (.

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و حﻼﻓ )

2008 ( ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ

دﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺮﺘﺷ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ،هﺪﺷ ﻲﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ) 8 (.

(6)

رﺪﺑ ) 2003 ( ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد ،

نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ،شﻮﮔﺮﺧ هﺪﺷ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻲﺑﺮﭼ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد رﺎﻤﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ

طﺎﺒﺗرا

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ زود شاﺰﻓا نﺎﻴﻣ راد

تﺪﻣ دﺮﺑ ﻲﭘ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز )

3 ( . ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد

ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ

ﺮﺑ يراد

ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا دراﺪﻧ ﺎﻫ

. نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و هﺪﺳ )

2007 ( ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد

زود ﺎﺑ وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳرد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﻛاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ يرﺎﻣآ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﺎﻣا دﻮﺷ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ يراد

ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ و لﺮﺘﻨﻛ يﺎﻫ

) 14 ( . نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و دﺮﻤﻧاﻮﺟ )

2006 ( نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻦﭼ و )

2007 ( ﻪﺑ

زود ﺎﺑ وﺎﮔ و غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ رد ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳد ﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ )

16

، 15 ( . سﻮﻨﻳز و ﺮﻴﺸﺒﻟا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد

) 2009 ( ﺮﺘﺷ هﺪﺷ خﺮﭼ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ناﺰﻴﻣ ، زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ يﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ زور رد هﺪﺷ ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ رد ،ﺪﺷ

ﻲﻃ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ 2

ﻪﺘﻔﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد رﺎﻤﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺷ نﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ )

17 ( . نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و تﺎﻧﺎﻛ )

2005 (

ﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳرد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗ

تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ يﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ رد ،دﻮﺑ ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ غﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

دﻮﺒﻧ ) 18 ( ﻪﻛ ، ﻪﻳودا دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا تﺎﺟ

ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ يزﺎﺳ هدﺎﻣآ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ )

19 ( .

كرﺎﭘ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و )

2010 ( ﻲﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ، د

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد يرا ﻪﺗﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺲﻴﺳﻮﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﮕﻟا ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ و ﺎﻣﺎﮔ يﺎﻫ

10

رد ﺎﻣا ؛ﺪﻧدﺮﻜﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد يﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

زود ﺎﺑ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

15 ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد يﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هوﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ نﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ راد

) 20 ( . نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و داﺪﻨﻳﺮﺗ

) 2010 ( ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳرد وﺎﮔ ﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑرﺎﺑﻮﻴﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳرد ﺎﻬﻧآ ،

ﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ داﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﭘ و يرﺎﻣزر ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺮﮔﺮﺑ رد ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ناﺪﻴﺴ

ناﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻫﻮﻛ ﻞﻴﺗﻮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ يﺎﻫ

لوﺰﻴﻧآ ﻲﺴﻛورﺪﻴﻫ (BHA)

ﻦﺋﻮﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﺴﻛورﺪﻴﻫ ﻞﻴﺗﻮﺑ و

(BHT) ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ار ﻲﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﻴﺳاﺪﻴﺴﻛا دزاﺪﻧا

) 21 (.

ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﻲﻣ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ دﺮﻛ جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا ناﻮﺗ

زود دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ يﺎﻫ

زود ﺎﺗ ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻪﻜﻳرﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ 2

ﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﭻﻴﻫ يﺮﮔ ﻲﺋﻮﺳ ﺮﺛا

دﺮﺑﺎﻛ موﺰﻟ ترﻮﺻ رد ،دراﺪﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ دﺎﺴﻓ ﺺﺧﺎﺷﺮﺑ زود

يﺎﻫ

م ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻧآ زا هﺪﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ طوﺮﺷ ناﺪﻴﺴﻛا

ﻼﺑ ﺎﻫ

،ﺖﺳا ﻊﻧﺎﻣ زا اﺬﻟ

رد ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ شور ﻦﻳا دﺮﻛ هاﺪﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ

.

ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ و ﺮﻜﺸﺗ

ﺰﻛﺮﻣ يﺮﺘﻤﻳزود ﺪﺣاو ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﺑ تﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا و يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ ،ﻲﻣﺎﺤﻃ سﺪﻨﻬﻣ يﺎﻗآ بﺎﻨﺟ ،يﺰﻛﺮﻣ ناﺮﻳا ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻗآ بﺎﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ يﺮﻴﮕﻴﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻨﻫار ،يﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﺪﻴﻤﺣ سﺪﻨﻬﻣ

يﺎﻫ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﺤﻟﺎﺻ ﻦﻴﻣا ﺮﺘﻛد يﺎﻗآ بﺎﻨﺟ .

و سﺎﭙﺳ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﺰﻳﺰﻋ ﻦﻳا تﺎﻤﺣز زا ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ ﺪﻳآ

.

ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ دﺎﻀﺗ

دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻲﻌﻓﺎﻨﻣ دﺎﻀﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا رد .

نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ

يﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﺟﺎﺣ ردﺎﻬﺑ ﺮﺘﻛد يﺎﻗآ :

ﺮﺘﻛد يﺎﻗآ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺶﻳاﺮﻳو

ذﻮﺑ يﺮﻬﻤﺟر : داد سﺪﻨﻬﻣ يﺎﻗآ ،ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ شرﺎﮕﻧ :

ﺶﺨﺑ

يدﺮﻣﺮﻴﺷ ﺮﺘﻛد يﺎﻗآ ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻤﻴﺷ :

ﻲﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ندﻮﺑ نﺎﮕﻳار

(7)

References

1- Jo C, Lee NY, Kang H, Hong S, Kim Y, Kim HJ, et al. Radio-sensitivity of pathogens in inoculated prepared foods of animal origin. Food microbiology. 2005;22(4):329-36.

2-Fallah AA, Saei-Dehkordi SS, Rahnama M. Enhancement of microbial quality and inactivation of pathogenic bacteria by gamma irradiation of ready-to-cook Iranian barbecued chicken. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2010;79(10):1073-8.

3-Badr HM. Elimination of Escherichia coli O 157: H7 and Listeria monocytogenes from raw beef sausage by γ‐irradiation. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2005;49(4):343-9.

4-Lozada-Castro J, Gil-Díaz M, Santos-Delgado M, Rubio-Barroso S, Polo-Díez L. Effect of electron-beam irradiation on cholesterol oxide formation in different ready-to-eat foods. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. 2011;12(4):519-25.

5-Mattick K, Bailey R, Jørgensen F, Humphrey T. The prevalence and number of Salmonella in sausages and their destruction by frying, grilling or barbecuing. Journal of applied microbiology . 2002;93(4):541-7.

6-Kwon J-H, Kwon Y, Nam K-C, Lee EJ, Ahn DU. Effect of electron-beam irradiation before and after cooking on the chemical properties of beef, pork, and chicken. Meat science. 2008;80(3):903-9.

7-Kim H-J, Chun H-H, Song H-J, Song K-B. Effects of electron beam irradiation on the microbial growth and quality of beef jerky during storage. Radiation Physics and Chemistry.

2010;79(11):1165-8.

8-Fallah AA, Tajik H, Rohani SMR, Rahnama M. Microbial and sensory characteristics of camel meat during refrigerated storage as affected by gamma irradiation. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2008;11(6):894-9.

9-Fallah AA, Tajik H, Farshid AA. Chemical quality, sensory attributes and ultrastructural changes of gamma‐irradiated camel meat. Journal of Muscle Foods. 2010;21(3):597-613.

10-Kim Y, Nam K, Ahn D. Volatile profiles, lipid oxidation and sensory characteristics of irradiated meat from different animal species. Meat Science. 2002;61(3):257-65.

11-Ahn D, Lee E, Mendonca A. Meat decontamination by irradiation. Food science and technology-new york-marcel dekker. 2006;158:155.

(8)

12-Kanatt S, Paul P, D'SOUZA S, Thomas P. Effect of gamma irradiation on the lipid peroxidation in chicken, lamb and buffalo meat during chilled storage. Journal of Food Safety. 1997;17(4):283- 94.

13-Gomes H, da Silva E. Effects of ionizing radiation on mechanically deboned chicken meat during frozen storage. Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry. 2006;270(1):225-9.

14-Sedeh F, Arbabi K, Fatolahi H, Abhari M. Using gamma irradiation and low temperature on microbial decontamination of red meat in Iran. Indian journal of microbiology. 2007;47(1):72-6.

15-Javanmard M, Rokni N, Bokaie S, Shahhosseini G. Effects of gamma irradiation and frozen storage on microbial, chemical and sensory quality of chicken meat in Iran. Food Control.

2006;17(6):469-73.

16-Chen Y, Zhou G, Zhu X, Xu X, Tang X, Gao F. Effect of low dose gamma irradiation on beef quality and fatty acid composition of beef intramuscular lipid. Meat science. 2007;75(3):423-31.

17-Al-Bachir M, Zeinou R. Effect of gamma irradiation on microbial load and quality characteristics of minced camel meat. Meat science. 2009;82(1):119-24.

19-Kanatt SR, Chander R, Sharma A. Effect of radiation processing on the quality of chilled meat products. Meat science. 2005;69(2):269-75.

19-Nakatani N, editor Natural antioxidants from spices. ACS symposium series (USA); 1992.

20-Park J, Yoon Y, Park J, Han I, Song B, Kim J, et al. Effects of gamma irradiation and electron beam irradiation on quality, sensory, and bacterial populations in beef sausage patties. Meat science. 2010;85(2):368-72.

21-Trindade R, Mancini-Filho J, Villavicencio A. Natural antioxidants protecting irradiated beef burgers from lipid oxidation. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 2010;43(1):98-104.