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Original Article
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Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·≈–‡ªÉ“‰≈àπÈ”ÕÕ° (MP 1-1) ß“π‡®“– ‡®’¬√
‡æ≈“¢âÕ‡À«’ˬߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ (MP 1-2) ·≈–ß“π
‡ªÉ“‰≈à‡»…‡À≈Á°ÕÕ°®“°™‘Èπß“π (MP 1-3) „πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë°“√
º≈‘μ 2 (MP 2) ®”·π°‰¥â 3 ≈—°…≥–ß“π ‰¥â·°à ß“π ªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“§√Õ∫¢π“¥„À≠à (MP 2-1) ß“πªíö¡¢÷Èπ√Ÿª
Ω“§√Õ∫¢π“¥‡≈Á° (MP 2-2) ß“π‡™◊ËÕ¡ÀŸ·≈–Õÿ¥∑àÕ
∑Õß·¥ß¥â«¬¡◊Õ (MP 2-3) „πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë°“√º≈‘μ (MP 3) ¡’
‡æ’¬ß 1 ≈—°…≥–ß“π §◊Õ ß“πμ—¥·ºàπ‡À≈Á° „πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë
°“√º≈‘μ 4 (MP 4) ®”·π°‰¥â 2 ≈—°…≥–ß“π §◊Õ ß“π
‡°≈“∑”√àÕ߇°≈’¬« (MP 4-1) ·≈–ß“π°≈÷߇®’¬√≈∫§¡
(MP 4-2) ·≈–„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë°“√º≈‘μ 5 ¡’‡æ’¬ß 1 ≈—°…≥–
ß“π §◊Õ ß“π‡®“–√Ÿμ“¡·∫∫
à«π∑’Ë Õß ¥”‡π‘π°“√μ√«®«—¥√–¥—∫§«“¡¥—ß
‡ ’¬ß‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“°“√ —¡º— (exposure) ‘Ëߧÿ°§“¡
ÿ¢¿“殓°‡ ’¬ß§”π«≥°“√ —¡º— ‡ªìπ time weighted average-TWA ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√μ√«®«—¥‡ ’¬ß – ¡μ≈Õ¥
√–¬–‡«≈“°“√∑”ß“π °”Àπ¥®ÿ¥μ√«® 1 ®ÿ¥μàÕÀπ÷Ëß
≈—°…≥–ß“π μ—È߇§√◊ËÕßμ√«®«—¥ Ÿß®“°æ◊Èπ 1.2-1.5 ‡¡μ√
√–¬–Àà“ß®“°μ—«æπ—°ß“π‰¡à‡°‘π 1 ‡¡μ√ √–¬–‡«≈“„π
°“√μ√«®«—¥ 3-4 ™—Ë«‚¡ßμàÕ®ÿ¥ ¡’®ÿ¥μ√«®«—¥∑—Èß ‘Èπ 10
®ÿ¥ ª√–‡¿∑‡ ’¬ß∑’Ëμ√«®«—¥·∫à߉¥â 2 ª√–‡¿∑§◊Õ ‡ ’¬ß
°√–·∑°·≈–‡ ’¬ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕ߉¡à§ß∑’Ë ·≈–‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√
«¡„ à∑’ËÕÿ¥ÀŸ (ear plug) ¢≥–∑”°“√μ√«®«—¥¥â«¬
à«π∑’Ë “¡ »÷°…“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑ÿ쑬¿Ÿ¡‘®“°º≈μ√«®
ÿ¢¿“ææπ—°ß“πª√–®”ªï 2552 ‰¥â·°à º≈μ√«® ÿ¢¿“æ
∑—Ë«‰ª ·≈–º≈μ√«® ¡√√∂¿“æ°“√‰¥â¬‘π ·≈–»÷°…“
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°‡Õ° “√ª√–«—μ‘æπ—°ß“π®“°ΩÉ“¬∫ÿ§§≈ ‡æ◊ËÕ
»÷°…“º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ (health effect)
à«π∑’Ë ’Ë π”º≈μ√«®«—¥√–¥—∫§«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß¡“®—¥
√–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— μ“¡¡“μ√∞“π°ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–¢âÕ·π–π”
(μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) ·≈–π”º≈μ√«® ¡√√∂¿“æ°“√‰¥â¬‘π¡“
®—¥√–¥—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æμ“¡¡“μ√∞“π°ÆÀ¡“¬
·≈–¢âÕ·π–π” (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2) ®“°π—Èπ®÷ßπ”¡“ª√–‡¡‘π
¢π“¥§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇™‘ߧÿ≥¿“æ·≈–®—¥≈”¥—∫°≈ÿࡇ ’Ë¬ß (Qualitative risk assessment and prioritization) ‚¥¬
„™â Qualitative risk assessment and prioritization and prioritization model ¢Õß US. EPA (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 3)
‚¥¬‡°≥±å°“√®—¥√–¥—∫º≈μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ √–¥—∫°“√ —¡º—
·≈–°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¢π“¥§«“¡‡ ’ˬߥâ“π‡ ’¬ß¡’√“¬
≈–‡Õ’¬¥¥—ßπ’È
«“√ “√«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ÚııÛ ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë ı
‡°≥±å°“√®—¥√–¥—∫º≈μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ (health effect) ‡ªìπ°“√
®—¥√–¥—∫º≈μàÕ ¡√√∂¿“æ°“√‰¥â¬‘π¢ÕߺŸâªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π ‚¥¬
æ‘®“√≥“§à“‡©≈’ˬ§«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß∑’ˉ¥â¬‘π„π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß
§◊Õ 4000 ·≈– 6000 ‡Œ‘√μ´å ·∫à߇ªìπ 5 √–¥—∫μ“¡
‡°≥±å¡“μ√∞“π NIOSH,1998(9) ‚¥¬„™â√–¥—∫§«“¡¥—ß
‡ ’¬ß∑’Ë 40 dB(A) ‡ªìπ§à“ cut off ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√μ√«®
§√—Èßπ’È∑”°“√„πÀâÕßμ√«®°“√‰¥â¬‘π·∫∫‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ëμ“¡
¡“μ√∞“π ANSI S3.1-1991(10) ¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 1
‡°≥±å°“√®—¥√–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— (exposure rating)
‡ªìπ°“√®—¥√–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— §«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ßμ“¡√–¥—∫
§«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß‡©≈’ˬ∑’Ë —¡º— μ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“∑”ß“π ¢Õß ºŸâªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π ·∫à߇ªìπ 5 √–¥—∫μ“¡‡°≥±å OSHA/NIOSH Noise and Hearing Conservation Manual, 1986(10-11)
¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 2
‡°≥±å°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’Ë¬ß (health risk assess- ment) ‡ªìπ°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߥâ“π‡ ’¬ß‡™‘ß
§ÿ≥¿“æ´÷Ëßæ‘®“√≥“®“°°“√®—¥√–¥—∫º≈μàÕ ¡√√∂¿“æ
°“√‰¥â¬‘π·≈–°“√®—¥√–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— ‡ ’¬ß‡©≈’ˬ∑’Ë —¡º—
μ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“∑”ß“π¢ÕߺŸâªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π “¡“√∂®—¥
≈”¥—∫°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬ߉¥â 5 √–¥—∫μ“¡·π«∑“ߢÕß Environ- mental Protection Agency-EPA Human Health Risk Assessment, 1997(12) ¥—ßμ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 À√◊Õ√Ÿª∑’Ë 1
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡μ—Èß·μà‡¥◊Õπ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π ∂÷ß
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ‡°≥±å°“√®—¥√–¥—∫º≈μàÕ ¡√√∂¿“æ°“√‰¥â¬‘π
√–¥—∫º≈μàÕ §à“‡©≈’ˬ§«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß db (A) ∑’ˉ¥â¬‘π ¡√√∂¿“æ°“√‰¥â¬‘π „π™à«ß 4,000 - 6,000 ‡Œ‘√μ´å
0 ‰¥â¬‘πª√°μ‘ 0 - 40
1 ÀŸμ÷߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ 40 - 45
2 ÀŸμ÷ߪ“π°≈“ß 45 - 65
3 ÀŸμ÷ß¡“° > 65
4 ÀŸμ÷ß¡“°„π™à«ß§«“¡ > 40 ∑—Èß„π§«“¡∂’Ë
∂’Ë Ÿß·≈–≈ÿ°≈“¡¡“∑’Ë ‡ ’¬ß Ÿß·≈–≈“¡¡“¬—ß
§«“¡∂’Ë π∑π“ §«“¡∂’Ë查§ÿ¬
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ‡°≥±å°“√®—¥√–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— √–¥—∫§«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß
√–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— √–¥—∫§«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß (‡¥´‘‡∫≈ ‡Õ)
0 μË”À√◊Õ‰¡à¡’‡≈¬ < 85
1 μË”¡“° 85 - 90
2 ª“π°≈“ß 90 - 95
3 Ÿß 95 - 115
4 ¡“° > 115
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ‡°≥±å°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߥâ“π‡ ’¬ß
√–¥—∫§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß §–·ππ (√–¥—∫º≈
¥â“π‡ ’¬ß¢Õß°≈ÿà¡ μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ §Ÿ≥ √–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— )
0 ‰¡à¡’ 0 - 1
1 μË” 2 - 3
2 ª“π°≈“ß 4 - 6
3 Ÿß 8 - 9
4 Ÿß¡“° 12 - 16
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 °“√®—¥≈”¥—∫·≈–°“√ª√–‡¡‘π¢π“¥¢Õߧ«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇™‘ß
§ÿ≥¿“æ¥â“π‡ ’¬ß (qualitative risk assessment and prioritization of noise)
Very High
High = 2 คน Moderate
= 16 คน Low
=10คน Trivial
=164 คน
Health-effect-rating
Exposure rating 0
0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 44
* *
*
* * *
*
*
* *
* * *
*
*
¯Úı
‡¥◊Õπ°—𬓬π æ.». 2552 ∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â«¬§Õ¡æ‘«‡μÕ√å
‚ª√·°√¡ ”‡√Á®√Ÿª SPSS/PC 15.0 «‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“§à“
∑“ß ∂‘μ‘μà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– §à“‡©≈’ˬ ·≈– à«π
‡∫’ˬ߇∫π¡“μ√∞“π
º≈°“√»÷°…“
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß°≈ÿà¡μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë»÷°…“
°≈ÿà¡μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë»÷°…“‡ªìπæπ—°ß“π„π‚√ßß“πº≈‘μ
¡Õ‡μÕ√å§Õ¡‡æ√ ‡´Õ√å·∫∫≈Ÿ° Ÿ∫ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 ≈—°…≥–∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß°≈ÿà¡μ—«Õ¬à“ß®”·π° ·ºπ° ‡æ» Õ“¬ÿ Õ“¬ÿß“π (n=192 §π)
√“¬°“√ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–
·ºπ°∑’Ë —ß°—¥
Machine Production1 -MP 1 䴉ᡈ
- °≈ÿà¡ß“π‡®“– Case ·∫∫Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·≈–‡ªÉ“‰≈àπÈ”ÕÕ° (MP 1-1) 26 13.5
- °≈ÿà¡ß“π‡®“– ‡®’¬√‡æ≈“¢âÕ‡À«’ˬߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ (MP 1-2) 27 14.1
- °≈ÿà¡ß“π‡ªÉ“‰≈à‡»…‡À≈Á°ÕÕ°®“°™‘Èπß“π (MP 1-3) 22 11.5
√«¡ 75 39.1
Machine Production 2 -MP 2 䴉ᡈ
- °≈ÿà¡ß“πªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“§√Õ∫¢π“¥„À≠à (MP 2-1) 14 7.3
- °≈ÿà¡ß“πªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“§√Õ∫¢π“¥‡≈Á° (MP 2-2) 10 5.2
- °≈ÿà¡ß“π‡™◊ËÕ¡ÀŸ·≈–Õÿ¥∑àÕ∑Õß·¥ß¥â«¬¡◊Õ (MP 2-3) 45 23.4
√«¡ 69 35.9
Machine Production 3 -MP 3 ‰¥â·°à °≈ÿà¡ß“πμ—¥·ºàπ‡À≈Á° √«¡ 8 4.2
Machine Production 4 -MP 4 䴉ᡈ
- °≈ÿà¡ß“π‡°≈“∑”√àÕ߇°≈’¬« (MP 4-1) 11 5.7
- °≈ÿà¡ß“π°≈÷߇®’¬√≈∫§¡ (MP 4-2) 6 3.1
√«¡ 17 8.8
Machine Production 5 -MP 5 ‰¥â·°à °≈ÿà¡ß“π‡®“–√Ÿμ“¡·∫∫ √«¡ 23 12.0
‡æ»
™“¬ 131 68.2
˭ԧ 61 31.8
Õ“¬ÿ (ªï)
20-29 48 25.0
30-39 102 53.1
40-49 39 20.3
50-59 3 1.6
‡©≈’ˬ 34.4 SD 6.5 Õ“¬ÿß“π (ªï)
< 6 69 35.9
6-10 41 21.4
11-15 43 22.4
16-20 30 15.6
>20 9 4.7
‡©≈’ˬ 10.0 SD 6.6
«“√ “√«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ÚııÛ ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë ı
192 §π ¡’√–¬–‡«≈“°“√∑”ß“π 08:00 - 17:00 π. ∑”ß“π 5 «—πμàÕ —ª¥“Àå ·μà≈–«—π∑”ß“π 8 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈–∑”ß“π
≈à«ß‡«≈“ 2 ™—Ë«‚¡ß 30 π“∑’ ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“πÕ¬Ÿà„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë°“√
º≈‘μ (Machine Production-MP) 1, 2, 3, 4 ·≈– 5 §‘¥
‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 39.1, 39.5, 4.2, 8.8 ·≈– 11.9 μ“¡≈”¥—∫
√âÕ¬≈– 68.23 ‡ªìπ‡æ»™“¬ ¡’Õ“¬ÿ‡©≈’ˬ 34.4, SD 6.5 ªï à«π„À≠à¡’Õ“¬ÿÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 30-39 ªï ¡’Õ“¬ÿß“π‡©≈’ˬ 10.0, SD 6.6 à«π„À≠à¡’Õ“¬ÿß“π„π™à«ß 1-10 ªï (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 4)
¡’§«“¡ Ÿß‡©≈’ˬ 162.4, SD 7.5 ‡´π쑇¡μ√ ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’ˬ
57.9, SD 9.3 °‘‚≈°√—¡ à«π„À≠à‰¡à‡ªìπ‚√§§«“¡¥—π-
‚≈À‘μ Ÿß (94.8%) ¡’√–¥—∫‚§‡≈ ‡μÕ√Õ≈ª√°μ‘ (69.8%)
‰¡à¡’°“√ —¡º— ‚∑≈ŸÕ’π„π°“√∑”ß“π (80.7%) ‰¡à ¡’
ª√–«—μ‘°“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë (87.0%) ·≈– «¡„ à∑’ËÕÿ¥ÀŸ (93.3%)
(μ“√“ß∑’Ë 5)
º≈°“√®—¥√–¥—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æÀŸ
®“°μ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 æ∫«à“ ¡’ºŸâ√—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ÀŸÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 4 ¡’ ¿“æ°“√‰¥â¬‘πμ÷ß¡“°„π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß·≈–≈ÿ°≈“¡¡“¬—ߧ«“¡∂’Ë π∑π“ (À¡“¬∂÷ß §à“‡©≈’ˬ
°“√‰¥â¬‘π μ—Èß·μà 65 dB(A) „π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß·≈–
≈ÿ°≈“¡¡“¬—ߧ«“¡∂’Ë π∑π“) ®”π«π 1 §π (0.5%) ´÷Ëß
¡“®“° 1 ≈—°…≥–ß“π ‰¥â·°à ß“πμ—¥·ºàπ‡À≈Á° (MP 3)
¡’ºŸâ√—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æÀŸÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 3 ¡’ ¿“æ°“√
‰¥â¬‘πμ÷ß¡“° (À¡“¬∂÷ß §à“‡©≈’ˬ°“√‰¥â¬‘π μ—Èß·μà 65 dB(A) „π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß) ®”π«π 5 §π (2.6%) ´÷Ëß¡“
®“° 5 ≈—°…≥–ß“π ‰¥â·°à ß“π‡®“– Case ·∫∫
Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·≈–‡ªÉ“‰≈àπÈ”ÕÕÕ° (MP 1-1) ß“π‡®“– ‡®’¬√
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 ™—Ë«‚¡ß°“√∑”ß“π·≈–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ÿ¢¿“æ∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß°≈ÿà¡μ—«Õ¬à“ß (n=192 §π)
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ÿ¢¿“æ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈– §à“‡©≈’ˬ S.D.
™—Ë«‚¡ß°“√∑”ß“πμàÕ«—π 8.00 0.00
™—Ë«‚¡ß°“√∑”ß“π≈à«ß‡«≈“μàÕ«—π 2.50 0.00
à«π Ÿß (‡´π쑇¡μ√) 162.36 7.54
πÈ”Àπ—° (°‘‚≈°√—¡) 57.89 9.30
°“√‡ªìπ‚√§§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘μ Ÿß (mmHg)
> 140/90 10 5.2
≤ 140/90 182 94.8
√–¥—∫‚§‡≈ ‡μÕ√Õ≈ (mg/dl)
> 200 58 30.2
≤ 200 134 69.8
°“√ —¡º— ‚∑≈ŸÕ’π„π°“√∑”ß“π
—¡º— 37 19.3
‰¡à —¡º— 155 80.7
°“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë
ٺ 25 13.0
‰¡à Ÿ∫ 167 87.0
°“√„™â∑’ËÕÿ¥ÀŸ
㪉 179 93.2
‰¡à„™â 13 6.8
¯Ú˜
‡æ≈“¢âÕ‡À«’ˬߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ (MP 1-2) ß“πªíö¡
¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“§√Õ∫¢π“¥„À≠à (MP 2-1) ß“πªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“
§√Õ∫¢π“¥‡≈Á° (MP 2-2) ß“π‡™◊ËÕ¡ÀŸ·≈–Õÿ¥∑àÕ
∑Õß·¥ß¥â«¬¡◊Õ (MP 2-3) ¡’ºŸâ√—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ÀŸÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 2 ¡’ ¿“æ°“√‰¥â¬‘πμ÷ߪ“π°≈“ß (À¡“¬
∂÷ß §à“‡©≈’ˬ°“√‰¥â¬‘π 45-65 dB(A) „π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß)
®”π«π 21 §π (10.9%) ´÷Ëß¡“®“° 10 ≈—°…≥–ß“π ¡’
ºŸâ√—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æÀŸÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 1 ¡’ ¿“æ°“√
‰¥â¬‘πμ÷߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ (À¡“¬∂÷ß §à“‡©≈’ˬ°“√‰¥â¬‘π 40-45 dB(A) „π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß) ´÷Ëß¡“®“° 8 ≈—°…≥–ß“π
®”π«π 13 §π (6.8%) ·≈–¡’ºŸâ√—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æÀŸÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 0 ¡’™à«ß°“√‰¥â¬‘πª√°μ‘ (À¡“¬∂÷ß
§à“‡©≈’ˬ°“√‰¥â¬‘π 0-40 dB(A) „π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß) ®”π«π 152 §π (79.2%) ´÷Ëß¡“®“° 10 ≈—°…≥–ß“π
º≈°“√®—¥√–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— §«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß
®“°μ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 æ∫«à“ ≈—°…≥–ß“π‡ªÉ“‰≈à‡»…
‡À≈Á°ÕÕ°®“°™‘Èπß“π (MP 1-3) ·≈–ß“πªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“
§√Õ∫¢π“¥„À≠à (MP 2-1) ¡’°“√ —¡º— §«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß
Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 3 (À¡“¬∂÷ß 95-115 dB(A) ) ≈—°…≥–ß“π ªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“§√Õ∫¢π“¥‡≈Á° (MP 2-2) ß“π‡™◊ËÕ¡ÀŸ·≈–
Õÿ¥∑àÕ∑Õß·¥ß¥â«¬¡◊Õ (MP 2-3) ·≈–ß“πμ—¥·ºàπ‡À≈Á°
(Machine Production-MP 3) ¡’°“√ —¡º— §«“¡¥—ß
‡ ’¬ßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 2 (À¡“¬∂÷ß 90-95 dB(A) ) ≈—°…≥–
ß“π‡®“–√Ÿμ“¡·∫∫ (MP 5) ¡’°“√ —¡º— §«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 1 (À¡“¬∂÷ß 85-90 dB(A) ) ·≈–≈—°…≥–
ß“π‡®“– case ·∫∫Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·≈–‡ªÉ“‰≈àπÈ”ÕÕÕ° (MP 1-1) ß“π‡®“–‡®’¬√‡æ≈“¢âÕ‡À«’ˬߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
(MP 1-2) ß“π°≈÷߇®’¬√≈∫§¡ (MP 4-2) ·≈–ß“π
‡°≈“∑”√àÕ߇°≈’¬« (MP 4-1) ¡’°“√ —¡º— §«“¡¥—ß
‡ ’¬ßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 0 (À¡“¬∂÷ß < 85 dB(A) )
®“°º≈°“√®—¥√–¥—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æÀŸ·≈–
√–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— §«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“æπ—°ß“π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
„π≈—°…≥–ß“π‡¥’¬«°—π·≈–¡’°“√ —¡º— √–¥—∫§«“¡¥—ß
‡ ’¬ßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫‡¥’¬«°—π ·μà¡’º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æÀŸ
·μ°μà“ß°—π (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 6-7)
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 √–¥—∫º≈μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ°“√‰¥â¬‘π¢Õß°≈ÿà¡μ—«Õ¬à“ß (n=192 §π)
√–¥—∫ √–¥—∫ ¡√√∂¿“æ ß“π (§π : √âÕ¬≈–)
°“√‰¥â¬‘π MP1-1 MP1-2 MP1-3 MP 2-1 MP 2-2 MP2-3 MP 3 MP4-1 MP4-2 MP 5 (4.0-6.0 kHz)
0 0-40 dB (A) 22 23 20 12 6 30 5 10 3 21
ª√°μ‘ (84.6) (85.2) (90.9) 85.7 (60.0) (66.7) (62.5) (90.9) (50.0) (91.3)
1 40-45 dB (A) 1 2 1 0 1 5 1 0 1 1
μ÷߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ (3.8) (7.4) (4.5) (0.0) (10.0) (11.1) (12.5) (0.0) (16.7) (4.3)
2 45-65dB (A) 2 1 1 1 2 9 1 1 2 1
μ÷ߪ“π°≈“ß (7.7) (3.7) (4.5) (7.1) (20.0) (20.0) (12.5) (9.1) (33.3) (4.3)
3 65dB (A) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
μ÷ß¡“° (3.8) (3.7) (0.0) (7.1) (10.0) (2.2) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0)
4 ÀŸμ÷ß¡“°„π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
·≈–≈ÿ°≈“¡¡“∑’˧«“¡∂’Ë (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (12.5) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) π∑π“
«“√ “√«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ÚııÛ ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë ı
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 √–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— §«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß¢Õß°≈ÿà¡μ—«Õ¬à“ß (n=192 §π)
º≈°“√μ√«®«—¥√–¥—∫§«“¡¥—߇©≈’ˬ„π·μà≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë (‡¥´‘‡∫≈‡Õ)
√–¥—∫ √–¥—∫‡ ’¬ß∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ MP1-1 MP1-2 MP1-3 MP 2-1 MP 2-2 MP2-3 MP 3 MP4-1 MP4-2 MP 5 (8 ™¡./«—π) dB (A)
0 < 85 74.2 69.4 - - - - - 77.9 79.0 -
1 85-90 - - - - - - - - - 88.0
2 90-95 - - - - 90.2 91.9 90.4 - - -
3 95-115 - - 100.5 95.3 - - - - - -
4 > 115 - - - - - - - - - -
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 8 °“√ª√–‡¡‘π¢π“¥§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇™‘ߧÿ≥¿“æ·≈–®—¥≈”¥—∫°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬߥâ“π‡ ’¬ß (n=192)
ß“π (§π:√âÕ¬≈–)
√–¥—∫ §«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß MP1-1 MP1-2 MP1-3 MP 2-1 MP 2-2 MP2-3 MP 3 MP4-1 MP4-2 MP 5 √«¡
0 ‡ ’ˬ߇≈Á°πâÕ¬¡“° 26 27 20 12 6 30 5 11 6 21 164
(0-1 §–·ππ) (13.5) (14.1) (10.4) (6.3) (3.1) (15.6) (2.6) (5.7) (3.1) (10.9) (85.4)
1 ‡ ’ˬßμË” - - 1 - 1 5 1 - - 2 10
(2-3 §–·ππ) (0.5) (0.5) (2.6) (0.5) (1.0) (5.2)
2 ‡ ’ˬߪ“π°≈“ß - - 1 1 3 10 1 - - - 16
(4-6 §–·ππ) (0.5) (0.5) (1.6) (5.2) (0.5) (8.3)
3 ‡ ’Ë¬ß Ÿß - - - 1 - - 1 - - - 2
(8-9 §–·ππ) (0.5) (0.5) (1.1)
4 ‡ ’Ë¬ß Ÿß¡“° - - - - - - - - - - -
(12-16 §–·ππ)
º≈°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߥâ“π‡ ’¬ß
®“°μ“√“ß∑’Ë 8 ¡’¢π“¥§«“¡‡ ’ˬߥâ“π‡ ’¬ß·≈–¡’
≈”¥—∫°≈ÿࡇ ’Ë¬ß ‡√’¬ßμ“¡≈”¥—∫¥—ßπ’È ≈—°…≥–ß“π∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß Ÿß §◊Õ ß“πªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“§√Õ∫¢π“¥„À≠à (MP 2-1) ·≈–ß“πμ—¥·ºàπ‡À≈Á° (MP 3) √«¡ 2 §π (1.0%)
≈—°…≥–ß“π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬߪ“π°≈“ß §◊Õ ß“π‡ªÉ“‰≈à
‡»…‡À≈Á°ÕÕ°®“°™‘Èπß“π (MP 1-3) ß“πªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“
§√Õ∫¢π“¥„À≠à (MP 2-1) ß“πªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“§√Õ∫
¢π“¥‡≈Á° (MP 2-2) ß“π‡™◊ËÕ¡ÀŸ·≈–Õÿ¥∑àÕ∑Õß·¥ß
¥â«¬¡◊Õ (MP 2-3) ß“πμ—¥·ºàπ‡À≈Á° (MP 3) ·≈–ß“π
‡®“–√Ÿμ“¡·∫∫ (MP 5) √«¡ 16 §π (8.3%) ≈—°…≥–
ß“π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬßμË” §◊Õ ß“π‡ªÉ“‰≈à‡»…‡À≈Á°ÕÕ°®“°
™‘Èπß“π (MP 1-3) ß“πªíö¡¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“§√Õ∫¢π“¥‡≈Á° (MP 2-2) ß“π‡™◊ËÕ¡ÀŸ·≈–Õÿ¥∑àÕ∑Õß·¥ß¥â«¬¡◊Õ (MP 2-3)
·≈–ß“π‡®“–√Ÿμ“¡·∫∫ (MP 5) √«¡ 10 §π (5.2%)
·≈–≈—°…≥–ß“π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇撬߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ §◊Õ ß“π‡®“–
case ·∫∫Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·≈–‡ªÉ“‰≈àπÈ”ÕÕ° (MP 1-1) ß“π
‡®“–‡®’¬√‡æ≈“¢âÕ‡À«’ˬߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ (MP 1-2) ß“π‡ªÉ“‰≈à‡»…‡À≈Á°ÕÕ°®“°™‘Èπß“π (MP 1-3) ß“πªíö¡
¢÷Èπ√ŸªΩ“§√Õ∫¢π“¥„À≠à·≈–¢π“¥‡≈Á°(MP 2-1, 2-2)
¯Ú˘
ß“π‡™◊ËÕ¡ÀŸ·≈–Õÿ¥∑àÕ∑Õß·¥ß¥â«¬¡◊Õ (MP 2-3) ß“π μ—¥·ºàπ‡À≈Á° (MP 3) μ—¥·ºàπ‡À≈Á° (MP 3) ß“π‡°≈“
∑”√àÕ߇°≈’¬« (MP 4-1) ß“π°≈÷߇®’¬√≈∫§¡ (MP 4-2)
·≈–ß“π‡®“–√Ÿμ“¡·∫∫ ( MP 5 ) √«¡ 164 §π (85.4%)
®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 æ∫«à“¡’ 4 ≈—°…≥–ß“π∑’Ëæπ—°ß“πÕ¬Ÿà
„π°≈ÿࡇ¥’¬«°—π·≈–¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫‡¥’¬«°—π§◊Õ
¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇撬߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ ·≈–Õ’° 6 ≈—°…≥–ß“π∑’Ë æπ—°ß“πÕ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿࡇ¥’¬«°—π·μà¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫∑’Ë
·μ°μà“ß°—π §◊Õ ¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬßμË” ª“π°≈“ß ·≈– Ÿß
«‘®“√≥å
º≈°“√»÷°…“π’Èæ∫«à“ °“√∑’Ëæπ—°ß“π„π 4 ≈—°…≥–
ß“π‰¥â·°à ß“π‡®“– case ·∫∫Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·≈–‡ªÉ“‰≈àπÈ”ÕÕ°
ß“π‡®“–‡®’¬√‡æ≈“¢âÕ‡À«’ˬߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ß“π
‡°≈“∑”√àÕ߇°≈’¬« ß“π°≈÷߇®’¬√≈∫§¡ (MP1-1 MP 1- 2 MP 4-1 MP 4-2 ·≈– μ“¡≈”¥—∫) ¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬßÕ¬Ÿà
„π√–¥—∫‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬‡À¡◊Õπ°—π ¢≥–∑’Ëæπ—°ß“π„πÕ’° 6
≈—°…≥–ß“π¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫·μ°μà“ß°—π (μ“√“ß
∑’Ë 8) ‡æ√“–æπ—°ß“π„π 4 ≈—°…≥–ß“π¥—ß°≈à“«¡’°“√
—¡º— §«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ 0 À√◊Õ§«“¡¥—߇ ’¬ß
‡©≈’ˬ„πæ◊Èπ∑’˪ؑ∫—μ‘ß“π‰¡à‡°‘π 85 dB (A) ´÷Ë߇§√◊ËÕß®—°√/
Õÿª°√≥å∑’Ë„™â„π≈—°…≥–ß“π∑—Èß 4 °≈ÿà¡∑”ß“π¥â«¬√–∫∫
Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ √–∫∫≈¡ ·≈–„™â·√ߥ—π‡ªÉ“‰≈àπÈ”‡∑à“π—Èπ ‡ ’¬ß
∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°°“√∑”ß“π®÷߉¡à§àÕ¬¥—ß ¡’§à“æ‘ —¬„π™à«ß 69.4 - 79.0 dB (A) (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 7) ·μàæπ—°ß“π„πÕ’° 6 ≈—°…≥–
ß“π∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫·μ°μà“ß°—π·¡â«à“
æπ—°ß“πÕ¬Ÿà„π≈—°…≥–ß“π‡¥’¬«°—π ‡æ√“–æπ—°ß“π„π 6
°≈ÿà¡π’È¡’Õ“®‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ‡ ’¬ß¥—ß∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—𠇙àπ ¢π“¥
·≈–§«“¡Àπ“¢Õß·ºàπ‡À≈Á°À√◊Õ™‘Èπß“π∑’Ëæπ—°ß“π∫“ß
§π‰¥â√—∫∑’Ë¢π“¥„À≠à·≈–Àπ“°«à“æπ—°ß“π§πÕ◊Ëπ∑”„Àâ
‰¥â√—∫‡ ’¬ß¥—ß°«à“ ‡ªìπμâπ Õ¥§≈âÕߺ≈°“√»÷°…“¢Õß æ√æ√√≥ «—™√«‘∑Ÿ√(7) º≈°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߥâ“π
‡ ’¬ß¢Õßæπ—°ß“π„π‚√ßß“πº≈‘μÕ“À“√ —μ«å ®—ßÀ«—¥
π§√√“™ ’¡“ æ∫«à“ ¡’ 6 ≈—°…≥–ß“π ∑’Ëæπ—°ß“π¡’
§«“¡‡ ’ˬߥâ“π‡ ’¬ßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫‡¥’¬«°—π§◊Õ ¡’§«“¡
‡ ’ˬ߇撬߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ ·≈–¡’ 1 ≈—°…≥–ß“π ∑’Ëæπ—°ß“π∑’Ë
¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬߥâ“π‡ ’¬ßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫·μ°μà“ß°—π§◊Õ §«“¡
‡ ’ˬßμË” (14.3%) ·≈–§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇撬߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ (85.7%)
‡ªìπ‡æ√“–æπ—°ß“π¡’√–¥—∫º≈°√–∑∫μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æÀŸ·μ°- μà“ß°—π ·μà¡’√–¥—∫°“√ —¡º— ‡ ’¬ß‡∑à“°—π
πÕ°®“°π’È¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß°≈ÿà¡μ—«Õ¬à“ß„π 10
≈—°…≥–ß“π æ∫«à“ °≈ÿà¡μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’¿“«–¥—ßμàÕ‰ªπ’ȧ◊Õ
¡’Õ“¬ÿμ—Èß·μà 40 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª (21.9%) ¡’Õ“¬ÿß“π‡°‘π 10 ªï (42.6%) ‡ªìπ‚√§§«“¡¥—π‚≈À‘μ Ÿß (5.2%) ¡’√–¥—∫‚§-
‡√ ‡μÕ√Õ≈¡“°°«à“ 200 mg/dl (30.2%) —¡º— ‚∑≈ŸÕ’π (19.3%) °“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë (13.0%) °“√‰¡à «¡„ àÕÿª°√≥å ªÑÕß°—π‡ ’¬ß (6.8%) (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 5) ‡ªìπºŸâ∑’Ë¡’ªí®®—¬‡ √‘¡
∑’ËÕ“® àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡°“√‰¥â¬‘πμàÕ‰ª‰¥â ¥—ߺ≈
°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Sataloff RT and Sataloff J(13) æ∫«à“
Õ“¬ÿ∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®–∑”„Àâ°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡¢Õ߇´≈≈åª√– “∑ √—∫
øí߇ ’¬ß (hair cells) ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà¿“¬„πÕ«—¬«–√—∫øí߇ ’¬ß (cocheal) ¢ÕßÀŸ™—Èπ„π Ÿß¢÷Èπ∑”„À⧫“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√
√—∫øí߇ ’¬ß≈¥≈ß·≈– àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬°“√‰¥â¬‘π‰¥â Wisuthipat U(14) »÷°…“º≈°√–∑∫¢Õ߇ ’¬ßμàÕ°“√
‰¥â¬‘π„π§πß“π‚√ßß“πº≈‘μ√∂¬πμå ®”π«π 98 §π æ∫
«à“√âÕ¬≈– 65 ¡’°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡°“√‰¥â¬‘π·∫∫ª√– “∑ÀŸ æ‘°“√·≈–¡’·π«‚π⡇æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¢÷Èπμ“¡√–¬–‡«≈“°“√
∑”ß“π Brog E(15) ∑”°“√∑¥≈Õß„πÀπŸ æ∫«à“„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë
¡’§«“¡¥—π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß®–¡’‚Õ°“ ‡°‘¥ª√– “∑ÀŸ‡ ◊ËÕ¡®“°
‡ ’¬ß‰¥â¡“°°«à“°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’§«“¡¥—π‡≈◊Õ¥ª√°μ‘ Axelsson A and Lindgren F(16) æ∫«à“ ºŸâ∑’Ë∑”ß“πÕ¬Ÿà„π∑’Ë¡’‡ ’¬ß¥—ß
·≈–¡’√–¥—∫‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß¡’√–¥—∫°“√‰¥â¬‘π·¬à°«à“ºŸâ∑’Ë
¡’√–¥—∫‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥μË”·≈–‰¡à‰¥â∑”ß“πÕ¬Ÿà„π∑’Ë¡’‡ ’¬ß¥—ß
„π∑“ß°≈—∫°—π¿“«–‰¢¡—π„π‡≈◊Õ¥ Ÿß “¡“√∂∑”„À⇰‘¥
ª√– “∑ÀŸ‡ ◊ËÕ¡‰¥â‡™àπ°—π‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√≈¥≈ߢÕß°“√
‰À≈‡«’¬π¢Õ߇≈◊Õ¥∫√‘‡«≥ cochlea ¬ÿ«¥’ ®Õ¡æ‘∑—°…å(17) º≈°√–∑∫¢Õß°“√ —¡º— ‚∑≈ŸÕ’πμàÕ°“√‰¥â¬‘πæ∫«à“ æπ—°- ß“π∑’Ë —¡º— ‚∑≈ŸÕ’π„πª√‘¡“≥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ Ÿß¡’°“√ Ÿ≠
‡ ’¬°“√‰¥â¬‘π¡“°°«à“æπ—°ß“π∑’Ë —¡º— ‚∑≈ŸÕ’π„π ª√‘¡“≥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπμË” Barone JA ·≈–§≥–(18) »÷°…“
«“√ “√«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ÚııÛ ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë ı
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß°“√ Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë·≈–°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡°“√
‰¥â¬‘π‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ ’¬ß æ∫«à“ °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë¡’°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡
°“√‰¥â¬‘π¡“°°«à“°≈ÿà¡∑’ˉ¡à Ÿ∫∫ÿÀ√’Ë 1.39 ‡∑à“ ≥—∞≠“
¡“ª√–¥‘…∞å(19) æ∫«à“ °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë°“√‰¥â¬‘πª√°μ‘¡’æƒμ‘°√√¡
„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§ÀŸμ÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 49.1 ¡“°°«à“°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë°“√
‰¥â¬‘πº‘¥ª√°μ‘∑’Ë¡’æƒμ‘°√√¡„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§ÀŸμ÷ß
√âÕ¬≈– 40.9
¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–
®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“¡“μ√°“√°“√ªÑÕß°—π
°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬°“√‰¥â¬‘π (‰¥â·°à °“√®—¥„Àâæπ—°ß“π «¡„ à Õÿª°√≥åªÑÕß°—π‡ ’¬ß) ¢Õß‚√ßß“πÕÿμ “À°√√¡º≈‘μ
¡Õ‡μÕ√å§Õ¡‡æ√ ‡´Õ√å·∫∫≈Ÿ° Ÿ∫ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√
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«“√ “√«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ÚııÛ ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë ı
Abstract Evaluation of the Occupational Risk of Noise Exposure: Case Study of a Piston Compres- sor Manufacturer, Bangkok
Umarat Siricharoonvong*, Nucharee Saejew**, Rangsiya Phorthong*
*Division of Occupational Health Science and, Faculty of Public Health and Environmental, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, **Division of Occupational Health Science and, Faculty of Allied Health Science and Public Health, Valailuk University
Journal of Health Science 2010; 19:822-33.
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the risk of noise exposure among employees of a piston compressor manufacturer. The study was divided into 4 parts. The first part was to survey the primary information for classifying works sharing the same noise source. The second part was to measure the sound level at the working area in order to establish noise exposure levels. The third part was to study the secondary information that was the hearing ability test result of employees and personnel information about employees in 2009 from Human Resource Division to study the health impact. The fourth part was to analyze an average sound level measurement result at working area to sort out the hearing level and the health impact by comparing to the OSHA/
NIOSH/ACGIH recommendation and the ANSI/NIOSH, analysis the qualitative risk and sort out the risk group.
The study showed that the production of motor and its cover with similar sound sources could be divided into 10 groups. From the evaluation of the risk of noise exposure, it was found that 4 groups, removing water from a work piece by blowing; punching; grinding wheel; forged crank with automated machine; grooving; and turning with a lathe; had the same risk levels resulting in mild impact on employees’ health. Other 6 groups, removing rubble from work pieces by blowing;
molding small and large cover; welding ears; caulking copper pipe manually; cutting steel plate and hole punching; had low, moderate and high impact on employees’ health. It implied that the existing hearing loss protection program was not totally effective for the employees with risk level at low (5.2%), moderate (8.3 %), and high level (1.0 %). The manufacturer should provide other measures such as risk communication, training on the noise protection equipment wearing, the employees’
behavior changing on products throwing, research the noise absorbance for noise reduction from metal crashing, set pressure of the air gun to appropriate with working.
Key words: noise risk assessment, a compressor manufacturer, Bangkok
