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(1)

π‘æπ∏åμâπ©∫—∫

Original Article

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ ¡’√“¬ß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ ÿ¢¿“æμ“·≈–§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß “¬μ“¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“„π‚√ß‡√’¬π

√—∞∫“≈„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬À≈“¬§√—Èß ·μà¬—ß‰¡àæ∫«à“¡’°“√»÷°…“„π‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π¡“°àÕπ §≥–∑—»π¡“μ√»“ μ√å

¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√—ß ‘μ ·≈–»Ÿπ¬å®—°…ÿÕ“√å‡Õ ¬Ÿ ®÷ß»÷°…“ ÿ¢¿“æμ“¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“¢Õß‚√ß‡√’¬π

‡Õ°™π¬à“π ÿ¢ÿ¡«‘∑ „π°√ÿß‡∑æ¡À“π§√ °“√»÷°…“π’È‡æ◊ËÕ√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ◊Èπ∞“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ ÿ¢¿“æμ“¢Õß‡¥Á°

π—°‡√’¬π™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“‡©æ“–‡æ»À≠‘ß„π‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡¥Á°„π‚√ß‡√’¬π√—∞∫“≈ ‚¥¬»Ÿπ¬å

®—°…ÿÕ“√å‡Õ ¬Ÿ ·≈–§≥–∑—»π¡“μ√»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√—ß ‘μ‰¥âμ√«®«—¥ “¬μ“·≈–§—¥°√Õß‚√§μ“„π‡¥Á°

π—°‡√’¬π™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“„π‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π®”π«π 2 ‚√ß‡√’¬π∑’Ë∂ππ ÿ¢ÿ¡«‘∑ ‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π∑ÿ°§π®–‰¥â√—∫°“√

«—¥ “¬μ“ Õß§√—Èß §◊Õ„π¢≥–∑’Ë¡‘‰¥â «¡·«àπμ“ ·≈– «¡·«àπμ“æ√âÕ¡¡Õßºà“π√Ÿ‡¢Á¡ «—¥§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß “¬μ“¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß«—¥ “¬μ“Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ μ√«®μ“¿“¬πÕ°¥â«¬‰ø©“¬ ·≈–μ√«®¢—È«ª√– “∑μ“·≈–®Õª√– “∑

μ“¥â«¬ direct ophthalmoscope ∂â“æ∫§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘®– àß‰ªæ∫®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å§π‡¥‘¡∑’Ë‡§¬μ√«®‡¥Á°¡“°àÕπ À√◊Õ®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å¥â“π‚√§μ“¢Õß‡¥Á°¢Õß»Ÿπ¬å®—°…ÿÕ“√å‡Õ ¬Ÿ

°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“¡’‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“¡“√—∫°“√μ√«®§—¥°√Õß∑“ßμ“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 1,780 §π ®“°

‚√ß‡√’¬π 2 ·Ààß À√◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 86.6 ‡ªìπ‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß√âÕ¬≈– 98 ¡’√–¥—∫ “¬μ“ª√°μ‘‚¥¬‰¡à„ à·«àπμ“ (20/

20∂÷ß 20/30) ®”π«π 1,334 §π (76.40%) §«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß°“√¡Õß‡ÀÁπ∑’Ëæ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ √–¥—∫

“¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘‚¥¬‰¡à„ à·«àπμ“ 340 §π (19.47%) ‡ªìπ™π‘¥ “¬μ“ —Èπ 262 §π (15.01%) ´÷Ëßæ∫ Ÿß ÿ¥

“¬μ“¬“« 54 §π (3.09%) “¬μ“‡Õ’¬ß 24 §π(1.37%) ¡’μ“‡À≈à 45 §π (2.57%) ¡’‚√§μ“´÷ËßªÑÕß°—π

·≈–√—°…“‰¥â 49 §π (2.81%) ¡’·«àπ “¬μ“·≈â« 215 §π (68.04%) ¡’·«àπ·μà‰¡à§àÕ¬‰¥â„™â 42 §π (19.53%)

„ à·«àπ∂Ÿ°μâÕß (¡Õß‡ÀÁπ¥’) 128 §π (68.82 %) ·≈–„ à·«àπ¡“π“π 1 - 7 ªï ‡©≈’Ë¬ 2.38 ªï ¡’‡¥Á°®”π«π 10

§π (0.57%) ‡ªìπ‚√§μ“¢’È‡°’¬®

√ÿª«à“‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“„π‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π¡’§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß “¬μ“·≈–¡’‚√§μ“‰¡à μà“ß®“°‡¥Á°„π‚√ß‡√’¬π√—∞∫“≈ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°“√¡’·«àπμ“·≈–°“√‡¢â“∂÷ß∫√‘°“√«—¥ “¬μ“æ∫«à“‡¥Á°„π

‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π‡¢â“∂÷ß¡“°°«à“‡¥Á°„π‚√ß‡√’¬π√—∞∫“≈ ·μà ∂‘μ‘°“√π”·«àπμ“¡“„™âæ∫«à“‰¡à·μ°μà“ß°—π ¥—ßπ—Èπ

®÷ß¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√„Àâ ÿ¢»÷°…“·°àπ—°‡√’¬π §√Ÿ ·≈–ºŸâª°§√Õß‡√◊ËÕß “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘ §«“¡®”‡ªìπ¢Õß°“√

„™â·«àπμ“ °“√¥Ÿ·≈‚√§μ“ ·≈–°“√ªÑÕß°—π “¬μ“æ‘°“√‡æ√“–¬—ßæ∫«à“¡’‡¥Á°‡ªìπμ“¢’È‡°’¬®´÷Ëß§«√®–ªÑÕß°—π‰¥â

§” ”§—≠: ‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“, ‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π, “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘

ÿ¢¿“æμ“¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“

¢Õß‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π¬à“π ÿ¢ÿ¡«‘∑

«—≤π’¬å ‡¬Áπ®‘μ√*

‡©≈“ æß…åª√–¬Ÿ√

^†

»—°¥‘Ï™—¬ «ß…å°‘μμ‘√—°…å

^‡

¬ÿ∑∏æß…å Õ‘Ë¡ ÿ«√√≥

^§

*§≥–∑—»π¡“μ√»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√—ß ‘μ

†»Ÿπ¬å®—°…ÿÕ“√å‡Õ ¬Ÿ

‡¿“§«‘™“®—°…ÿ«‘∑¬“ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∏√√¡»“ μ√å

§°Õß®—°…ÿ°√√¡ ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈æ√–¡ß°ÿÆ‡°≈â“

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Journal of Health Science 2012 Vol. 21 No. 3

490 ∫∑π”

μ—Èß·μàæ». 2543 ‡ªìπμâπ¡“ æ∫«à“ “¬μ“º‘¥

ª√°μ‘·≈–‰¡à¡’·«àπμ“„ à ‡ªìπ “‡Àμÿ¢Õßªí≠À“ “¬μ“

æ‘°“√∑’Ë ”§—≠∑—Èß„πª√–‡∑»∑’Ë°”≈—ßæ—≤π“^(1,2) ·≈–

ª√–‡∑»∑’Ëæ—≤π“·≈â«⁽³⁾ Õß§å°“√Õπ“¡—¬‚≈° (World Health Organization - WHO) ·≈–Õß§å°“√

ªÑÕß°—πμ“∫Õ¥π“π“™“μ‘ (International Agency for Prevention of Blindness - IAPB) ®÷ß‰¥âæ¬“¬“¡º≈—°

¥—πªí≠À“ “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘∑’Ë‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√·°â ‰¢‡¢â“‰ªÕ¬Ÿà

„π‚§√ß°“√·°â ‰¢ªí≠À“μ“∫Õ¥^(4-8) (Vision 2020: The Right to Sight) ‡æ◊ËÕ√≥√ß§å·°âªí≠À“ ‡æ√“–°“√‰¡à¡’

·«àπμ“„™â‡ªìπ “‡Àμÿμ“∫Õ¥∑’ËÀ≈’°‡≈’Ë¬ß‰¥â ‡æ√“–·°â ‰¢

‰¥âßà“¬⁽⁹⁾ √«¡∑—Èß¡’√“§“∂Ÿ° ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢ÕßÕß§å°“√Õπ“¡—¬

‚≈°⁽¹⁰⁾ æ∫«à“∑—Ë«‚≈°¡’ª√–™“°√ª√–¡“≥ 153 ≈â“π§π

∑’Ë¡’§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß “¬μ“·≈–¬—ß‰¡à¡’·«àπμ“„ à

·≈–¡’√–¥—∫ “¬μ“Õ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±åμ“∫Õ¥ (π‘¬“¡¢Õß WHO

§◊Õμ“∑’Ëπ—∫π‘È«‰¡à‰¥â∑’Ë√–¬– 3 ‡¡μ√) ·≈– “¬μ“‡≈◊Õπ√“ß (π‘¬“¡¢Õß WHO §◊Õ¡’√–¥—∫ “¬μ“ 20/70 À√◊ÕºŸâªÉ«¬

Õà“π·ºàπªÑ“¬«—¥ “¬μ“ (Snellen chart) ‰¥â‡æ’¬ß 3

·∂«∑’Ë√–¬– 6 ‡¡μ√„π¢≥–∑’Ë§π “¬μ“ª√°μ‘Õà“π‡≈¢

∂÷ß·∂« ÿ¥∑â“¬‰¥â) “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥ªí≠À“

‡»√…∞°‘® —ß§¡¢Õßª√–‡∑»⁽¹¹⁾ π”‰ª Ÿà§«“¡¬“°®π ∂â“

‡ªìπ‡¥Á°°Á®–¢“¥‚Õ°“ ∑“ß°“√»÷°…“ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ‡μ‘∫‚μ

¢÷Èπ°Á ‰¡à “¡“√∂‡ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡’º≈º≈‘μæ÷Ëßæ“μπ‡Õß‰¥â

‡°‘¥ªí≠À“μàÕ§√Õ∫§√—« ™ÿ¡™π ·≈– —ß§¡ ·≈–‡ªìπ

«ß®√¢Õß§«“¡¬“°®π ®“°°“√ª√–¡“≥°“√¢Õß Õß§å°“√Õπ“¡—¬‚≈°⁽¹²⁾ æ∫«à“¡’‡¥Á°μ“∫Õ¥∑—Ë«‚≈°

ª√–¡“≥ 1.5 ≈â“π§πÕ¬Ÿà„π∑«’ª‡Õ‡™’¬ 1 ≈â“π§π ·≈–

Õ¬Ÿà„π·∂∫‡Õ‡™’¬μ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„μâ 700,000 §π à«π Àπ÷Ëß‡°‘¥®“° “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘ ”À√—∫„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬

‰¥â¡’°“√ ”√«® ¿“«–μ“∫Õ¥À≈“¬§√—Èß‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√

”√«® “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘„π‡¥Á°«—¬‡√’¬π æ∫«à“¡’§«“¡

™ÿ°Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß√âÕ¬≈– 0.4-9.43 „π‡¥Á°√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡

»÷°…“^(13-21) ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 4.3-6.1 „π‡¥Á°

¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“⁽²²⁾ ®π∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 42- 54.3 „π‡¥Á°√–¥—∫

Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“^(23-24) (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) ·μà°“√ ”√«® à«π„À≠à∑”

„π‚√ß‡√’¬π¢Õß√—∞∫“≈ §≥–ºŸâ«‘®—¬®÷ß»÷°…“‡√◊ËÕß “¬μ“

º‘¥ª√°μ‘„π‡¥Á°„π‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π‡æ◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫

§«“¡™ÿ° °“√„™â∫√‘°“√«—¥·≈–μ—¥·«àπμ“

«‘∏’°“√»÷°…“

§≥–∑—»π¡“μ√»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√—ß ‘μ √à«¡

°—∫»Ÿπ¬å®—°…ÿÕ“√å‡Õ ¬Ÿ μ√«® ÿ¢¿“æμ“¢Õß‡¥Á°

π—°‡√’¬π‚√ß‡√’¬π∑’Ë∂ππ ÿ¢ÿ¡«‘∑∑—Èß‡¥Á°ª√–®”·≈–‰ª°≈—∫

´—°ª√–«—μ‘‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫ª√–«—μ‘‚√§μ“„π§√Õ∫§√—«

‚√§μ“„πÕ¥’μ Õ“°“√μ“¡—« §«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘∑“ßμ“Õ◊Ëπ Ê

·≈–°“√„™â·«àπμ“ √«¡∑—Èß°“√ºà“μ—¥ °“√μ√«®μ“®–

ª√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬°“√«—¥ “¬μ“¥â«¬μ“‡ª≈à“ ∂â“Õà“π‰¡à‰¥â

∂÷ß·∂« ÿ¥∑â“¬ (§◊Õ√–¥—∫ “¬μ“πâÕ¬°«à“ 20/20) ‡¥Á°

‰¥â√—∫°“√«—¥ “¬μ“Õ’°§√—Èß‚¥¬¡Õßºà“π√Ÿ‡¢Á¡ (pin hole)

·≈–∂â“¡’·«àπ®–«—¥ “¬μ“‡¡◊ËÕ„ à·«àπ ∂â“¬—ß‰¡à¡’·«àπ

‰¥â√—∫°“√«—¥§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß “¬μ“¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß«—¥

“¬μ“Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘‚¥¬‰¡àμâÕßÀ¬Õ¥¬“≈¥°“√‡æàß ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ

∑√“∫§à“·«àπμ“‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥ (·μà¬—ß‰¡à —Ëß·«àπ„Àâ‡¥Á°

π—°‡√’¬π) μ√«®μ“¿“¬πÕ°·≈–μ√«®°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß

°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕμ“ ∂â“æ∫§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘®– àß‰ªæ∫®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å

∑à“π‡¥‘¡∑’Ë‡§¬√—°…“¡“°àÕπÀ√◊Õπ—¥¡“μ√«®‡æ‘Ë¡‡μ‘¡∑’Ë

»Ÿπ¬å®—°…ÿ RSU ∂â“¬—ß‰¡à‡§¬æ∫®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å®–·π–π”‰ª æ∫®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å¥â“π‚√§μ“¢Õß‡¥Á°„π ∂“πæ¬“∫“≈∑’Ë

‡¥Á°·≈–ºŸâª°§√Õß‰ª‰¥â –¥«°‡æ◊ËÕμ√«®μ“·≈–«—¥·«àπ

∑’Ë‡ªìπ¡“μ√∞“π„π‡¥Á° ‡™àπ¡’°“√À¬Õ¥¬“≈¥°“√‡æàß

√à«¡¥â«¬

π‘¬“¡¢Õß§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß “¬μ“ „π°“√»÷°…“

‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª®–°”Àπ¥«à“ “¬μ“ —Èπ⁽²⁵⁾ §◊Õ¡’§à“ spherical equivalent ‡ªìπ§à“≈∫μ—Èß·μà -0.50 ‡ªìπμâπ‰ª„πμ“

¢â“ß„¥¢â“ßÀπ÷ËßÀ√◊Õ Õß¢â“ß “¬μ“¬“«⁽²⁶⁾ §◊Õ¡’§à“

spherical equivalent ‡ªìπ§à“∫«°μ—Èß·μà +2.00 ‡ªìπμâπ

‰ª„πμ“¢â“ß„¥¢â“ßÀπ÷ËßÀ√◊Õ Õß¢â“ß “¬μ“‡Õ’¬ß⁽²⁶⁾ §◊Õ

¡’§à“ cylinder μ—Èß·μà 1.00 ‡ªìπμâπ‰ª„πμ“¢â“ß„¥¢â“ß Àπ÷ËßÀ√◊Õ Õß¢â“ß

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μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 °“√ ”√«® ¿“«– “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘„π‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π‰∑¬

æ.». ∂“∫—π μ—«Õ¬à“ß ®”π«π «‘∏’°“√ “¬μ“ ¡’

ª√–™“°√ ª√–™“°√„π º‘¥ª√°μ‘ ·«àπμ“

(™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ) °“√ ”√«® (√âÕ¬≈–/æ‘ —¬) (√âÕ¬≈–)

2524 §≥–∑”ß“πªÑÕß°—π π—°‡√’¬πª√–∂¡ 4,350 «—¥ “¬μ“·≈– 27.4 -

μ“∫Õ¥ ·≈–√æ. ·≈–¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ «—¥·«àπ‚¥¬

√“¡“∏‘∫¥’⁽¹³⁾ „π°√ÿß‡∑æœ (5-16 ªï) retinoscope

2525 °Õß àß‡ √‘¡ π—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫ 45,837 «—¥ “¬μ“·≈–¡Õß 2.02 -

ÿ¢¿“æ °∑¡.⁽¹⁴⁾ ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ ºà“π·«àπ√Ÿ‡¢Á¡

„π°√ÿß‡∑æœ (7-11 ªï)

2527 ®ÿÃ“≈ß°√≥å π‘ ‘μ„π®ÿÃ“≈ß°√≥å 12,087 μÕ∫·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡ <20/20(54.30) 33

¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬⁽²³⁾ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ·≈–«—¥ “¬μ“

2528 ®ÿÃ“≈ß°√≥å π—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡ 1,588 retinoscopy 2.03

¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬⁽¹⁵⁾ »÷°…“„π°√ÿß‡∑æœ (20/40-20/70)

(7-11 ªï) 1.37

(_≥20/100)

2530 ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ π—°‡√’¬πª√–∂¡ 6,910 «—¥ “¬μ“·≈–«—¥·«àπ 2.00

ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å⁽¹⁶⁾ »÷°…“ (7-15 ªï) ‚¥¬ cycloplegic retinoscope

2534 ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ π—°»÷°…“·æ∑¬å 1,688 «—¥ “¬μ“·≈–«—¥·«àπ 42 33.7

»‘√‘√“™⁽²⁴⁾ ·≈–æ¬“∫“≈ «‘∏’ subjective

2536 °√–∑√«ß π—°‡√’¬πª√–∂¡ 3,040 «—¥ “¬μ“·≈–„ à (ªï) 2.7(6-8)

“∏“√≥ ÿ¢⁽²¹⁾ »÷°…“·≈–¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ pin hole 2.2(9-11)

Õ”‡¿Õ‡∫μß ®—ßÀ«—¥¬–≈“ 4.3(12-14)

(6-23 ªï) 4.7(15-17)

6.1(18-23)

2540 ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ π—°‡√’¬ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 1,219 cycloplegic 9.43 3.94

√“¡“∏‘∫¥’⁽²²⁾ „π°√ÿß‡∑æ (6-12 ªï) refraction

2545 ‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ π—°‡√’¬πª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 3,467 cycloplegic 15.06

¡À“√“™‡™’¬ß„À¡à⁽¹⁷⁾ ‡¢μ‡∑»∫“≈ (6-7 ªï) refraction (_≤20/30)

2545 °√–∑√«ß π—°‡√’¬πª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 10,371 manifest πâÕ¬°«à“ 72.2

“∏“√≥ ÿ¢⁽¹⁸⁾ ®—ßÀ«—¥¬–≈“ refraction 5.2(20/30)

2547 °√–∑√«ß π—°‡√’¬πª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 3,191 cycloplegic and 6.5 -

“∏“√≥ ÿ¢⁽¹⁹⁾ ®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õπ·°àπ √âÕ¬‡ÕÁ¥ manifest refraction

¬–≈“ √–∫ÿ√’ æ–‡¬“ √“™∫ÿ√’

2553 °√–∑√«ß π—°‡√’¬πª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 2,340 cycloplegic 12.7 (°√ÿß‡∑æœ) -

“∏“√≥ ÿ¢⁽²⁰⁾ „π°√ÿß‡∑æœ·≈–π§√ª∞¡ refraction 5.7 (π§√ª∞¡)

(6-12 ªï)

(4)

492 º≈°“√»÷°…“

º≈°“√μ√«®‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π∑—Èß 2 ‚√ß‡√’¬π ¡’‡¥Á°¡“

μ√«®μ“§√∫∑ÿ°¢—ÈπμÕπ®”π«π 1,780 §π æ∫«à“¡’‡¥Á°

™“¬ 34 §π (1.91%) ‡¥Á°À≠‘ß 1,746 §π (98.09%) Õ“¬ÿμ—Èß·μà 5 ∂÷ß 12 ªï ‡©≈’Ë¬ 8.20 ªï √–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“

μ—Èß·μàª√–∂¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 1-6 ‡π◊ËÕß®“°∑—Èß Õß‚√ß‡√’¬π

„À≠à‡ªìπ‚√ß‡√’¬π‡¥Á°À≠‘ß °“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈°“√»÷°…“

®÷ß„™â‡©æ“–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õß‡¥Á°À≠‘ß æ∫«à“¡’√–¥—∫ “¬μ“

‡ª≈à“Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫¥’ (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2) §◊Õ ¡Õß‡ÀÁπ‰¥â 20/20

∂÷ß 20/30 ®”π«π 1,334 §π (76.40%) ¡’ “¬μ“º‘¥

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 √–¥—∫ “¬μ“¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß∑’Ë‰¡à‰¥â„ à·«àπμ“

μ“¢«“ μ“´â“¬

√–¥—∫ “¬μ“

®”π«π (√âÕ¬≈–) ®”π«π (√âÕ¬≈–)

20/20 982 (56.24) 986 (56.47)

20/30 352 (20.16) 340 (19.47)

20/40 87 (4.98) 98 (5.61)

20/50 44 (2.52) 46 (2.63)

20/70 45 (2.58) 46 (2.63)

20/100 23 (1.32) 19 (1.00)

20/200 15 (0.86) 13 (0.74)

Central Stable and Maintain 53 (3.04) 53 (3.04)

§à“ “¬μ“∑’Ë«—¥‰¥â‰¡à¬◊π¬—π 145 (8.30) 145 (8.30)

√«¡ 1,746 (100.0) 1,746 (100.00)

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ®”π«π¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß∑’Ë¡“√—∫°“√μ√«®μ“·≈–§à“·«àπμ“¥â“π¢«“**

‡æ»

Õ“¬ÿ ™“¬ À≠‘ß “¬μ“ —Èπ* “¬μ“ —Èπ* “¬μ“ —Èπ* “¬μ“

(ªï) -0.50-3 ‰¥ÕÕª‡μÕ√å >3-6 ‰¥ÕÕª‡μÕ√å ¡“°°«à“ 6 ‰¥ÕÕª‡μÕ√å ¬“«***

5 13 156 2 2 - 6

6 21 172 8 3 - 4

7 - 266 12 5 1 4

8 - 254 18 8 1 4

9 - 248 22 10 1 12

10 - 231 35 11 2 10

11 - 212 47 10 3 8

12 207 44 14 3 6

√«¡ 34 1,746 188 63 11 54

* “¬μ“ —Èπ Õ“®¡’‡Õ’¬ß√à«¡¥â«¬ ·μà à«π¡“°‡Õ’¬ß‰¡à‡°‘π 1 ‰¥ÕÕª‡μÕ√å

**§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß “¬μ“¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π∑—Èß Õßμ“ à«π„À≠à‰¡à·μ°μà“ß°—π¡“°

*** “¬μ“¬“«¡“°°«à“ +1.00 ‰¥ÕÕª‡μÕ√å ·μà à«π„À≠à®–„ à·«àπ‡¡◊ËÕ “¬μ“¬“«¡“°°«à“ +2.00 ‰¥ÕÕª‡μÕ√å

(5)

ª√°μ‘ 340 §π (19.47%) ·¬°‡ªìπ‡ªìπ “¬μ“ —Èπ 262

§π (14.72%) “¬μ“¬“« 54 §π (3.03%) “¬μ“‡Õ’¬ß 24 §π (1.37%) (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 3) ¡’·«àπμ“·≈â« 215 §π (63.24%) ¡’·«àπ·μà‰¡à§àÕ¬‰¥â„™â 42 §π (19.53%) ¬—ß

‰¡à¡’·«àπμ“ 125 §π (36.76%) ´÷ËßÕ“®®–‡æ√“–‰¡à¡’

Õ“°“√ À√◊Õ‰¡àÕ¬“°„ à·«àπ „ à·«àπ·≈â«¡Õß‡ÀÁπ¥’ 128

§π (68.82%) (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 4) „ à·«àπ¡“π“π 1 - 7 ªï

‡©≈’Ë¬ 2.38 ªï ·≈–¡’μ“‡À≈à 45 §π (2.58%) ¡’‡¥Á°®”π«π 10 §π (0.56%) ‡ªìπ‚√§μ“¢’È‡°’¬® (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 5) ¡’‚√§

μ“ 49 §π (2.81%) (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 6) ·«àπμ“¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π à«π„À≠à«—¥∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬å°“√§â“ «—¥‚¥¬«‘∏’‰¡à‰¥âÀ¬Õ¥μ“≈¥

°“√‡æàß ·≈–¡’π—°‡√’¬π‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 6.94 ‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë‡§¬

æ∫®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 7) π—°‡√’¬π‰¥â√—∫°“√π—¥À¡“¬

μ√«®μ“‡æ‘Ë¡‡μ‘¡ 310 §π§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 17.73 (μ“√“ß

∑’Ë 8)

«‘®“√≥å

®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“®“°

‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π¡’§«“¡™ÿ°¢Õß “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘‰¡à·μ°

μà“ß®“°‡¥Á°„π‚√ß‡√’¬π¢Õß√—∞∫“≈¢Õß‰∑¬·≈–‡¥Á°

π—°‡√’¬π™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“„πμà“ßª√–‡∑» (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 9)

·μà‰¡àæ∫∫∑§«“¡∑’Ë»÷°…“‡©æ“–‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π„πμà“ß ª√–‡∑»‰¥â æ∫«à“‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“®“°

‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π¢Õß‰∑¬¡’·«àπμ“„™â¡“°°«à“§◊Õ¡’√âÕ¬≈–

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 4 √–¥—∫ “¬μ“¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß‡¡◊ËÕ„ à·«àπμ“∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà

‡¥‘¡

√–¥—∫ “¬μ“‡¡◊ËÕ„ à·«àπμ“ μ“¢«“ μ“´â“¬

20/20 82 74

20/30 46 54

20/40 20 26

20/50 10 12

20/70 18 12

20/100 8 8

Counting finger 2 0

√«¡ 186 186

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 5 §«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘∑“ß “¬μ“∑’Ë«—¥‰¥â·≈–º≈°“√μ√«®μ“¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß

§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘∑“ßμ“ ®”π«π (§π) ·≈– (√âÕ¬≈–)

‰¡à¡’§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘ 1,286 (73.65)

“¬μ“ —Èπ 240 (13.75)

“¬μ“ —Èπ·≈–‡Õ’¬ß 22 (1.26)

“¬μ“¬“« 46 (2.63)

“¬μ“¬“«·≈–‡Õ’¬ß 8 (0.46)

“¬μ“‡Õ’¬ß 24 (1.37)

ß —¬ “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘ (π—¥¡“æ∫®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å) 226 (12.94)

μ“‡À≈à‡¢â“„π·∫∫™—¥‡®π·≈–´àÕπ‡√âπ 28 (1.60)

μ“·À≈àÕÕ°πÕ°·∫∫™—¥‡®π·≈–´àÕπ‡√âπ 17 (0.97)

μ“¢’È‡°’¬® 10 (0.57)

‚√§μ“Õ◊Ëπ Ê* 49 (2.81)

√«¡ 1,746** (100.00)

*Õ¬Ÿà„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë 6

**®”π«π√«¡¡“°°«à“ 1,746 ‡æ√“–π—°‡√’¬π∫“ß§π ¡’§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¡“°°«à“ 1 ™π‘¥‡™àπ¡’ “¬μ“¬“«·≈–μ“‡À≈à‡¢â“„π

(6)

494

68.04 μà“ß°—∫‡¥Á°„π‚√ß‡√’¬π¢Õß√—∞∫“≈„π°√ÿß‡∑æœ∑’Ë

¡’·«àπμ“„™â√âÕ¬≈– 3.94 (¬°‡«âπ‡©æ“–„π‡¢μ‡∑»∫“≈

¢Õß™ÿ¡™πμ—«Õ¬à“ß ÿ¢¿“æ¥’⁽¹⁸⁾ „πμà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥∑’Ë¡’·«àπμ“

„™â√âÕ¬≈– 72.2) ·≈–‡¥Á°„π‚√ß‡√’¬π‡Õ°™π à«πÀπ÷Ëß

·¡â®–¡’·«àπ·μà‰¡à™Õ∫„™â „π°“√ ”√«®μ“§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫‡¥Á°

∑’Ë„ à·«àπ “¬μ“ —Èπ‰¡à∂Ÿ°μâÕß®”π«π 80 §π ∑”„Àâ„ à

·«àπ·≈â«¬—ß¡Õß‡ÀÁππâÕ¬°«à“√–¥—∫ª√°μ‘ „ à·«àπ “¬μ“¬“«‰¡àμ√ßμ“¡∑’Ë«—¥ 9 §π ·≈–¡’‡¥Á°μ“¢’È‡°’¬® 10

§π §√Ÿ·≈–ºŸâª°§√Õß®÷ß§«√„Àâ§«“¡ π„®°—∫°“√¡Õß

‡ÀÁπ¢Õß‡¥Á°∑—Èß°àÕπ„ à·«àπ·≈–À≈—ß„ à·«àπ „π°“√

”√«®§√—Èßπ’È ‰¡àæ∫‡¥Á°∑’Ë¡’°“√μ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„πμ“ À√◊Õ¡’Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ À√◊Õ¡’°“√¢“¥«‘μ“¡‘π‡Õ®π‡°‘¥·º≈‡ªìπ∑’Ë°√–®°μ“ (cor- neal scar) √«¡∑—Èß‰¡à¡’‡¥Á°‡ªìπμâÕ°√–®°μ—Èß·μà°”‡π‘¥¥â«¬

· ¥ß«à“ ÿ¢Õπ“¡—¬¢Õß‡¥Á°°≈ÿà¡π’ÈÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±å¥’¡“°

μà“ß®“°°“√»÷°…“„πμà“ß®—ßÀ«—¥·≈–μà“ßÕ”‡¿Õ¢Õß

‰∑¬⁽¹⁹⁾ æ∫«à“¡’‡¥Á°¡’°“√¡Õß‡ÀÁπÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ “¬μ“

‡≈◊Õπ√“ß∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 2.02 ¡’ªí≠À“°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕμ“√âÕ¬≈–

17.31 ·≈–¡’‚√§‡¬◊ËÕ∫ÿμ“√âÕ¬≈– 5.51 ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡¥Á°

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 6 ‚√§μ“Õ◊Ëπ Ê ¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬πÀ≠‘ß

‚√§μ“Õ◊Ëπ Ê ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π∑’Ë¡“√—∫°“√μ√«®

Àπ—ßμ“∫πμ° 12 0.69

‡§¬ºà“μ—¥μ“‡À≈à 6 0.34

‡¬◊ËÕ∫ÿμ“Õ—°‡ ∫®“°¿Ÿ¡‘·æâ 7 0.40

¡Õß¿“æ “¡¡‘μ‘‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å 8 0.46

‡¬◊ËÕ∫ÿμ“Õ—°‡ ∫®“°‰«√— 4 0.23

º‘«·≈–μ“‡ªìπ§π‡º◊Õ° (Albinism) 1 0.06

∑¥ Õ∫μ“∫Õ¥ ’‰¡àºà“π 2 0.11

¡’ª“π·¥ß∫√‘‡«≥Àπâ“ (Sturge Weber syndrome) 1 0.06

¡’ª“π¥”∫√‘‡«≥Àπâ“·≈–μ“ (Melanosis oculi) 1 0.06

μ“‡À≈à·∫∫ª≈Õ¡ (Pseudoepicanthal fold) 3 0.17

μ“·°«àß (Nystagmus) 1 0.06

μ“‡À≈à¢÷Èπ¥â“π∫π 1 0.06

®Õª√– “∑μ“‡¥Á°§≈Õ¥°àÕπ°”Àπ¥ 2 0.11

√«¡* 49 2.81

*π—°‡√’¬π∫“ß§π ¡’‚√§μ“¡“°°«à“ 1 ™π‘¥ ‡™àπ “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘„πμ“ Õß¢â“ß μà“ß°—π¡“°∑”„Àâ°“√¥Ÿ¿“æ 3 ¡‘μ‘‰¡à¥’

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 7 «‘∏’°“√μ√«®·≈–«—¥·«àπμ“¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π∑’Ëºà“π¡“

°“√√—°…“ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–

«—¥·«àπμ“∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬å°“√§â“* 88 50.87

‡§¬«—¥·«àπ·μà‰¡à‰¥âÀ¬Õ¥μ“≈¥°“√‡æàß* 44 25.43

‡§¬‰¥â¬“À¬Õ¥μ“™à«¬„π°“√„ à·«àπ 23 13.29

‡§¬æ∫®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å 12 6.94

‡§¬ºà“μ—¥μ“ 6 3.47

√«¡ 173 100.00

*«—¥°—∫®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å·≈–‰¡à„™à®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 8 °“√π—¥μ√«®μ‘¥μ“¡º≈

°“√π—¥ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–

π—¥ 1 ªï 1,184 67.81

π—¥ 6 ‡¥◊Õπ 100 5.73

„™â·«àπ‡¥‘¡, „™â¬“‡¥‘¡ 152 8.71

æ∫®—°…ÿ·æ∑¬å·≈–μ√«®‡æ‘Ë¡‡μ‘¡ 310 17.75

√«¡ 1,746 100.00

(7)

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 9 “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘·≈–‚√§μ“¢Õß°“√ ”√«®§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß “¬μ“„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–μà“ßª√–‡∑»

“¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘(%) ‚√§μ“∑’Ëμ√«®æ∫ (§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–) ªï∑’Ë»÷°…“ ª√–‡∑»/‡¡◊Õß ®”π«π‡¥Á° —Èπ ¬“« ¡’·«àπμ“ °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕμ“ μ“¢’È‡°’¬® Õ◊Ëπ Ê

∑’Ë ”√«® (%)

2524⁽¹³⁾ ‰∑¬/°∑¡. 4,350 11.5 15.8 - - - -

2527⁽²³⁾ ‰∑¬/°∑¡. 12,087 54.3 - - - “¬μ“√–¥—∫∫Õ¥

°àÕπ„ à·«àπ 11.5

2528⁽¹⁵⁾ ‰∑¬/°∑¡. 1,588 3.24 - 2.20 -

2530⁽¹⁶⁾ ‰∑¬/ ß¢≈“ 6,910 2.0 - 0.53 0.07

2534⁽²⁴⁾ ‰∑¬/°∑¡. 1,688 42.0 33.7 2.2 - “¬μ“√–¥—∫∫Õ¥

°àÕπ„ à·«àπ 5-8

2536⁽²¹⁾ ‰∑¬/‡∫μß ¬–≈“ 3,040 2.7 - 6.1 - - - Color blind 0.9

2546⁽²⁷⁾ ‡πª“≈ 1,100 4.3 1.3 - 1.6 1.24 Trauma 0.54

Xerophthalmia 0.36 Cong. anormaly 0.36

2546⁽²⁸⁾ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ 2,523 9.2 12.8 - - - “¬μ“‡Õ’¬ß 28.4

2547⁽¹⁹⁾ ‰∑¬/6 ®—ßÀ«—¥ 3,191 6.5 17.31 “¬μ“‡≈◊Õπ√“ß 2.2

‚√§‡¬◊ËÕ∫ÿμ“√âÕ¬≈– 5.51

2550⁽²⁹⁾ ‰∑¬/22 ®—ßÀ«—¥ 1,202 27.54 6.41 - 2.80 0.58

2550⁽³⁶⁾ ‰∑¬/‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈ 1,900 6.05 20.3 (‡¡◊ËÕ 2.9 0.37 ¿Ÿ¡‘·æâ„πμ“ 0.74

À“¥„À≠à Õ“¬ÿ 11 ªï) Àπ—ßμ“μ° 0.11

μâÕÀ‘π 0.11

2551 ‰∑¬*/ ÿ¢ÿ¡«‘∑ 1,746 15.01 3.09 68.04 2.58 0.56 ¡’‚√§μ“Õ◊Ëπ Ê 2.81

2553⁽³⁴⁾ ‰∑¬/°∑¡.** 1,100 11.1 1.4 0.50 “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘ 9.2

π§√ª∞¡** 1,240 4.3 1.3

* “¬μ“ —Èπ _≥-0.50 D, “¬μ“¬“« _≥+1.00 D

** “¬μ“ —Èπ _≥-0.50 D, “¬μ“¬“« _≥+2.00 D

„π‡¡◊ÕßÀ≈«ß¢Õßª√–‡∑»‡πª“≈⁽²⁷⁾ æ∫«à“¡’ “¬μ“º‘¥

ª√°μ‘√âÕ¬≈– 8.1 ´÷Ëß‰¡à·μ°μà“ß®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·μà¡’

‚√§μ“Õ◊Ëπ Ê μà“ß°—π¡“° ‡™àπ¡’ ‚√§μ“®“°°“√¢“¥

«‘μ“¡‘π‡Õ√âÕ¬≈– 0.36 ¡’°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕμ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘√âÕ¬≈– 1.4

·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ√«¡‡¥Á°«—¬‡√’¬π∑’Ë¡’ “¬μ“¢’È‡°’¬®®“° “¬μ“º‘¥

ª√°μ‘æ∫∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 12.4 πÕ°®“°π’È¬—ß¡’Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ∑“ß μ“æ∫‰¥â∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 0.54 ·≈–§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘∑“ßμ“μ—Èß

·μà°”‡π‘¥æ∫‰¥â 0.36 à«πª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“´÷Ëß¡’

§πÀ≈“¬‡™◊ÈÕ™“μ‘æ∫«à“¡’Õ—μ√“ “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘ Ÿß

¡“°⁽²⁸⁾ ”À√—∫„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬®“°°“√ ”√«® ¿“«–

μ“∫Õ¥§√—Èß ÿ¥∑â“¬„π æ». 2549-2550⁽²⁹⁾ ‚¥¬„™â ª√–™“°√‡ªìπ∞“π æ∫«à“‡¥Á°‰∑¬Õ“¬ÿπâÕ¬°«à“ 10 ªï¡’

“¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘√âÕ¬≈– 6.41 °“√∑’Ë®–π”§«“¡™ÿ°¢Õß “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘„π·μà≈–°“√»÷°…“¡“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—π

®–μâÕß„Àâ§«“¡ π„®„ππ‘¬“¡¢Õß§«“¡º‘¥ª√°μ‘¢Õß “¬μ“^(25,26) „π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È ‰¥âπ—∫π—°‡√’¬π∑’Ë¡’ “¬μ“

¬“«μ—Èß·μà +1.00 D ‡æ√“–æ∫«à“π—°‡√’¬πÀ≈“¬§π‰¥â

√—∫§”·π–π”„Àâ„ à·«àπμ“

(8)

496

·π«∑“ß°“√„Àâ·«àπ„π‡¥Á° ¡’À≈—°«à“‡¥Á°‡≈Á°∑’Ë¡’

“¬μ“¬“«¡“°°«à“ +5.00 D ¡’‚Õ°“ ‡°‘¥μ“¢’È‡°’¬®

·≈–μ“‡¢‰¥â¡“°®÷ßμâÕß„ à·«àπ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π ∂â“¡’ “¬μ“

¬“«√à«¡°—∫μ“‡¢μâÕß„Àâ·«àπ‡μÁ¡‡∑à“∑’Ë«—¥‰¥â®“° cycloplegic refraction ·≈– “¬μ“ —Èπ¡“°°«à“ -8.00 D À√◊Õ “¬μ“‡Õ’¬ß¡“°°«à“ 2.50 D À√◊Õ “¬μ“¬“«∑’Ë Õß μ“μà“ß°—π 1.00 D √«¡∑—Èß “¬μ“ —Èπ∑’Ë Õßμ“μà“ß°—π 3.00- 4.00 D °Á‡ªìπ “‡Àμÿ¢Õßμ“¢’È‡°’¬®‡™àπ°—π ®÷ßμâÕßπ”¡“

æ‘®“√≥“„π°“√„Àâ·«àπ‚¥¬‰¡à§”π÷ß∂÷ßÕ“¬ÿ⁽³⁰⁾

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«“π‘™, ª√‘≠¥“ ‡ ’¬ß„À≠à. §«“¡·¡àπ¬”¢Õß°“√«—¥·«àπ‡¡◊ËÕ

‰¡à¢¬“¬¡à“πμ“„π‡¥Á°™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“„π¿“§„μâ¢Õßª√–‡∑»

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34. ‡æÁ≠æ‘¡≈ ¬‘Ëß¬ß. ªí®®—¬‡ ’Ë¬ß¢Õß¿“«– “¬μ“º‘¥ª√°μ‘„π‡¥Á°

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35. ÿ¿“¿√≥å ‡μÁß‰μ√ √≥å, ¿“ ÿ√’ · ß»ÿ¿«“π‘™, «√√≥’ ®—π∑√å «à“ß.

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498

°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“„™â®à“¬¢Õß°“√

μ√«®§—¥°√Õß “¬μ“ ”À√—∫‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡»÷°…“

„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. J Med Assoc Thai 2009; 92(8):1050-6 36. «√√≥’ ®—π∑√å «à“ß, ªî¬πÿ™ ®‘μμπŸπ∑å, √ÿàßƒ¥’ »‘√‘√—°…å. √–¥—∫

“¬μ“·≈–æƒμ‘°√√¡°“√„™â “¬μ“¢Õß‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫

Abstract Ocular Health in Private Primary School Girls in Sukhumvit Area of Bangkok Watanee Jenchitr*, Chalao Pongprayoon^†, Sakchai Vongkittiruk^‡, Yutthapong Imsuwan^§

*Faculty of Optometry, Rangsit University, ^†RSU Eye Medical Center, ^‡Department of Ophthalmo- logy, Thammasat University, ^§Department of Ophthalmology, Phramongkutklao Royal Thai Army Hospital

Journal of Health Science 2012; 21:489-98.

There are many reports of eye health and refractive errors in primary school children in Thai- land, but mostly all are from public schools with limited information in private school. Faculty of Optometry, Rangsit university and RSU Eye Medical Center set up an eye screening program in 2 private schools along Sukhumvit road which is located in central Bangkok. The objective of this cross-sectional survey was to provide services as well as collect basic information on eye health and refractive errors of female children in private primary schools level and compare to the prevalence in public schools. All the children in primary school level were included in the study. A screening eye examination was done, including visual acuity measurement without eye glasses, with pinhole and with eye glasses, auto-refraction, external eye examination and fundus examination by direct ophthalmoscope. Children with abnormal eye examination were referred for detailed eye examination by General ophthalmologists or Paediatric ophthalmologists. A total of 1,780 children from 2 schools (86.6%) were seen, 98 percent were female. Seventy six percent of female students had good visual acuity without correction (VA 20/20-20/30). Nineteen percent (340 cases) had refractive error which was the most common eye morbidity and myopia was the most common type (15.01%) of refractive error; 54 students (3.09%) had hypermetropia and 24 (1.37%) had astigma- tism. Sixty eight percent (215 students) get eye glasses and 68.8 percent (128 students) get corrected eye glasses which could see well and had been using them for 1-7 years (mean 2.38 years) but 19.53 percent used them infrequently. Forty five students (2.58%) had strabismus. Forty nine students (2.81%) had simple eye diseases which were treatable and preventable. Only 0.57% had amblyopia and were too late to be treated. In conclusion, the primary school children in private schools have same eye morbidity as public primary school children except they access more to refraction clinic and wear eye glasses in higher proportion yet showing no difference in using eye glasses. A school eye screening and eye health education program for refractive errors should be emphasized and repeated periodically for the students, teachers and parents and to prevent perma- nent visual impairment resulting from amblyopia which is preventable.

Key words: primary school girls, private school, refractive errors

ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ ‚√ß‡√’¬π„π‡¢μ‡∑»∫“≈π§√À“¥„À≠à. «“√ “√

«‘™“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ 2007; 16:361-7.

37. Vu HTV, Keeffe JE, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Impact of unilateral and bilateral vision loss on quality of life.

Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89(3):360-63.