PDF ˘ ˇ ˆ *˝ ˛ ˚˜ ˜ ! # $ %˜&' ( ) % - Ksu

(1)

! "# $ %&' ( )%

*

+,- . /0 1

*

& '( )* +

, -. / 27

05 1441

!"

; -. 23/4 ,

23 06 1441

!"

34 : 6 ')7 89"

Case Study

:!; '! <!=> ?@.! A!B3 !@C DE! ,=!F& G&!H3 ' IC <"4 ,

, ,!J&K=E &!4 ?L M.N( OE ,P&Q. RS4 P&Q. N ' @)T UV <E ,WX4 >CY4 &4 Z. <=F& 2HE ( 9;[ R \]

^&!K=E _EJ` .= aJ&b4 cdO &M e 3EMe f g

h.!F , ! 89!" 2;!V i!j k

!Y G&!H3 l

<!E ,

@EOOB hF44 @)@C 2+[ ' , m&7& P"Z( n3V [ eopV 'M (+ q@EpV g

a!Y4 a!&O m&!.V r] ! s@EJ4

, p!C. PQ! t9j4 ,J&K=E E. DEp u m&.E 9" r] +64 ,v&M4 cdO ; , @=w&V '>)x <E ,J&K=E &4 ?L c&K=E M.F : g

B P4 4[ ")M :&n( UpEV ,cdO &M : , NNDE J&K=E E. c[ f3V ij y] ,!@)z <E ^ 3{ EJ ,|

Pb J&K=E &4 ?L pC.E K \] ,4 ,c&K=E .= }~N C4 "&E* n UV g

U!j &!+4 anEV M.N 89" c[ t9j f3V4

NNDE u&EH M] C4 ,C@Ep )E J( ' 2~"

&p!V4 ^&!K=E _!EJ 4 !M e ,4 ,cdO & O/ e ,

<)/ &pE4 C g

a!J&b f!( U~&!V ,NNDE ] B4 :; ' ,J&K=E &4 ?L _EJ] , )Ep >E(e [ ?~E. j[4

&+4 2w , ,.=4 ) : 9 &. )O M @)Z .Ep <E ,2&)E 2~( ' m&.E ?K

g

6 78 :

C &pV ,^&K=E _EJ ,v&M4 cdO ; ,J&K=E & ,J&K=E ?L ,J&K=E E.

g

_______________________________________

__________________________________

TV programs and materials to serve the Qur’an and its sciences

"A qualitative study in the context of cultural implantation theory and marketing mechanisms"

Yasser bin Ali Al-Shehri^* Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University (Received 22/01/2020; accepted for publication 27/02/2020)

Abstract: This study is part of the Case Study, which is a category of descriptive research, in which the researcher used the qualitative approach through descriptive analysis of theories, information, ideas and opinions, which were collected from published and unpublished sources related to the industry of television programs and materials, within the framework of standards It took into consideration the fields of Qur’an sciences and the technical aspects of television production. This study is also included in the category of "basic research", which aims to answer basic questions related to the phenomenon under study, in order to understand it and describe its reality. The study concluded with the diversity of templates and methods for television programs and materials that can be employed in the service of the Qur’an and its sciences, the need for this diversity among the user of television products, as well as the intensity of competition in the television industry. It was also found that television products specialized in the field of Qur’an sciences are characterized by their long life or life cycle, as a result of the stability of the meanings they carry, if their content is planned according to the technical characteristics of television, and within the framework of the competitive advantages of serious television programs and materials. It was also found that this industry requires the existence of a large amount of data from the target communities, and content preparation teams specialized in the subtle fields of the sciences of the Qur’an, and in the areas of television preparation and production, knowledge marketing and digital marketing. The results confirmed the importance of continuous innovation in the production of television programs and materials, through specialized administrative units that harmonize the scientific and technical aspects, in light of the existence of a diverse mix of financing alternatives, most of which are based on the intangible value of this field.

Key words: television products, television programs, television materials, service of the Qur’an and its sciences, television production, knowledge marketing.

_________________________________________________________

________________

*

Q <O&pE :NVe4 M yE[

& '( )* ( (*) Associate Professor of Media and Marketing Communication at g

Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University.

^4> L :

com . gmail

@ 14666 yas : mail - e

(2)

9:;

:

)% <,=

)% >? @' AB :

,N!Ve !I3 , Mp!E RE BEV RQ!V4 ,!MiE+e4 N!E/e4 .OE 2& 2=(

EJ ,NVe I3 , >4 &nV r]

&!HJ 8Te AB ,)/ &nE

(Web-3)

9!

<+&!&.>E ?! P>C M &O

(Technological

Mergence)

<+&!&.>E !OE P!>C '!M 23j

(Technological Convergence)

v!M spV 9

(Web-2)

1

,)p!+ e>!] RE &nV <"4 ,

R!V4 ,!+ !Cd r] ^pJ :NVe H( 2OE.V4 '! !".E e M&) !CO( !n3V e>!

,!).E4 !>EBe4 E .)4 &4 4 RE! !C !R"ib !M 2~!4 u&Ep M4 s!/& , ! !3.E 4[ !@/&V aN! '! z '"

2

.

! c[ e] ,&nE 89" ' US M4 NVe4 M 23OEp q-E c&K=E c[ uV :

,!)E '! R!j , ,PK)E J>)( Z 2Z E L) :

1 PRE I( , M gg

,R) [ ,3OEp o

# 4 g

2 ,(p +

# 5 g

1

− !.OE &!nE C> c&K=E (E

, c&!Y DE! '! !( ,8&!@w s!3OM[ <E c&!K=E PK!@+[ &!@w R!;[4 ,.Ep! hNE.

sJJ >3Q( NE Pb g

2

−

!!V c&!!K=E c[ r] !! !!( RQ

p~ & G N 2Z :

!4 O~{&

3.4 GB 3 2O.4

3

g

3

− 2!3/ '! c&K=E @C DEe

!/4[ !@C pEV <E )E , F; ,&@)b

"C P a3p( =

4

g

4

− 2~4 ¡.¢

M

− c&!K=E !F;

−

U@!OV4 ,vE! !M @ZV <E NDQ M

+ f( /M &+4 £B4 ,)E , [ P/

2!!F&E 2~!!4 , P@Q!!4 c&!!K=E , &!!@Z

<MiE+e g

5

− , s!EJ[ <!E ~ &) R3> U6

J&K=V &./

− ¤Y ,

− UE4 ¤. f( 3E

=E¥ / , <MiE+e 2F&E 2~4 , g

apH( c&K=E c]

,!O ¤! ZJ '!

e! '! :! [ ! N!Ve 2~& U"[

c[ !.j[ ! y] ,!3 u! !M -!3 ¦Q.

3 ,2 ([ § 3M ,c&K=E M.F 23OEp

# 17 g

4 ,U"(] &M ,^&K=E4 <My _EJ

# 88 g

(3)

!( )E , R3j &©B v c&K=E

5

v!J[4 ,

ª R{!E4 !Y !S , !K v~! !B&E( p v!&M4 cd!O ! v!=w&V c!C ." '4 ,, u&!EH) iM ) &4 ?L ' =E¥ :>(

&!.O , UO +y&)J 2) ij ,&.O , <)O &@)b f( n(4 ,>= ©/.E f( )T <E )/4 FY v g

' ) @E[ 89" apE>V4 N!Ve !I3 R!E W&!7 , c&K=E hw&V :N!!Ve 2~!!4 v!!+&V <!!E !!HE4 ,!!6 !) !B. '! [ ,>3Q «M , R"ib pV 9 ,<)O u&EH [ ' @E[ apE>EC r]

!@+&V 2!w , ,v! 3!. !F ª]

,PRN!!O &!!4 <!!@C u&!!EH &!!HJ &!!@)b q@Ep 9 u&EH f( <)O '3E r] C7 ( MiE+e4 . v)/4 ¬ &@)b g

CDE F :

1

− e!!

!!J&K=E 89!!" , !! N!!Ox :

>Y ; a&/ 2¢ <E J&K=E c&.=4 :

c&K=E M u&EH &@Z .C g

2

− cdO &M :

cd!O 8N! U!M 2j <"

5 ,Y ¡F ,( ~©= &.O =J

# 21 g

U>

6

g

3

−

; v&M4 cdO :

U!OE !@=w&V [

&@) M&.E @&M4 JdO f©

g

4

−

?L!!

!!J&K=E a!!&O !! N!!O :

,"&Ep!V 4[ ,!J&K=E P!.O @.N!V <E !4 c&>V4 ,M @C"[ ; ' OHE U! , p!~ PY <"4 ,( n; 2j , P*

!"RS '!M P!./ K¢4 ,M @E&"4 P.O P&F r4Y +( ?L M )E g

5

−

&

&K=E J <!E &! ® NO:

2>Q!( !OV c[ '!>)4 ,!* !4 !n)J 9DEV e 2 ,?L ' ?J( OC ')7 4[ 2OEp :

&

C>( 4 ,O~{& CY4 ,OE4 ,3;

3 2O.4 ,>[

7

g

)% 8- :

M c[ ,O ¤ ZJ jV {EV ¤ )

u!! !!M -!!3 !!)E , ~Q!! &!!(

&!@)b u! v!EJ>)( K!)E c&K=E c[4 ,2&n !M c&!K=E :&N!B !=V4 ,!V4=E +(

v!V/4 ,& vC4 B /4[ ' P+ NB

&" c&> <E P6 e , C \Y ¤S M

6 ,)6 4/ UJS ,cdO &M , ¯*

# 7 g

7 ,Y ¡F ,( ~©= &.O =J

# 42 g

(4)

N! !@C 2!) e t!V EB4 , °~ N ! y] ,u!;[ N! ! @C QE vJC ;±Y :>!( !">V !M 2!)M4 ,P!* & M s3{

=E¥

g !! 89!" c!!C !." '!4 2!!z q@Ep!V

<!E a&O 2¢ <E ^&K=E 2) c&.C4 :>[

; ' Ox !; , @=w&E ,&@) u&EH

, P{!! 2!!& !!z4 ,v!!&M4 U!!> cd!!O ,,!O ¤! P>C W&7 , ,e 89" hw&V !3{4 )E!e ;,! R{E OHE ¦QV <E CO &

−

!J&K=E 2~ ,

− u! !M

3

.

)% :GH :

eop!!V !!HEV !!H3 >Q!! W&!!7 , E eopE , :

1

− ! 3!. !J&K=E ?L m&J[

?v&M4 cdO 2

− ! 3!. !J&K=E &! m&!J[

?v&M4 cdO 3

− 2!B !J&K=E !E.) p!~

cdO D( NED

?v&M4

4

− !!

2!!&

!!E. ³!!. p!!~

?v&M4 cdO D( NED J&K=E 5

−

!\

P] , &p!E °![ h!w&V

?v&M4 cdO J&K=E &4 ?L _EJ]

)% ,=

: !6 ')7 89" V

(Case

Study)

& G&H3 ' IC <"4 , ?@.! !x4 ,=!F

!S4 ,H3 P"Z 89" &S[ Lp 2Y <=>

U!@C UOV4 ,. P"w hF4 <" => G&H3 j[ }. M )E hF& 9"4 ,6 'M ´&)

/Y M 8iEM '

8

g

2z M ?~E. @7M , 89" )EV4 8Rp=V4 AB3 ,m&7&( OE (Y4 Z.

h.F , 2;V4 k

!Y G&H3 l

q@Ep!V <!E

m&!7& P"Z( n3V [ eopV 'M (+

@EOOB hF44 @)@C 2+[ '

9

g

:!; '! <=> ?@. AB3 DE /4

@)T UV <E J34 &) <=F& 2HE e!( !OE P&Q. RS4 P&Q. N ' v&M4 cdO @=w&V '>) <E J&K=E g

0 )% )% +$= %&E :

ZJ OV ,!O ¤

(Cultivation Theory)

,!. W!.( !)( !F >C O3nV &NV

) 8

( Loke, Lawrence F, Spirduso Waneen Wyrick, & Silverman, Stephen.j. (1887). P84.

) 9

( Patton Quinn IMichae. (1990). Research and Evaluation Qualitative Methods. Edition Second. Sage Park Newbury: P,

(5)

~!!O6 2>Q!!V4 :!!; '!! UE!!4 ,!!MiE+e

c&!!!K=E 4[4 ,!!!ZB

− !!!z

− 89!!!" ,

e

10

g

M M => 89" K>VV AB

'!>)x <!E ,,!O ¤! ! 7Ce ' E ¦O. , ®]

:

1

− !!C , R{!!E !!M c&!!K=E P!!/

C>( f7E ¶&! U!@j] M4 ,8&EH M

U nH g

2

− !EB ,)E!e a!nEV )M ¤

/p4 2~ f( >. /M Q.V g

3

− °JT &+4 , ')> ¤ &O B[

!@M Q!J <!E !CO &4 c&K=E u&E* f(

Mib4 CY g

e 89" C&EV4 v!BnV 7C

!ZJ

!M , )O )E6 !C !M &!OV A!B ,

U!!OV , !! U!!"[4 ,!! !!M L!!E ¤!![

c[ uV4 ,OE ' [ 3.V <E )O &"

!|&E* s!Jj y] !(ª] c&!> M 2~4 R{V Jj ij4 ,UO( N O{4 R{E cj [ ~{& s

&EH sJj y] 3 R{E c&> ,2(O(4 ,(ª]

c!j i!j4 ,!)O ! /!.EV 4[ !)/ ( OEV e

10 ,!!)63M !!)* ,R{!!E !!"T4 !!M !!ZJ

# 262 g

j[ <3p R{E cj Lj[ )O 'M E(e

11

g

<" ,[ K~j M Z. 89" &OV4 :

1

−

3.4 (J :NVe c&> c[

!(Y '! O

)E @] <)E. <E ©6 CO

g

2 − :NVe ')©EC ;>V :NVe c&> c[

! ,·!DQ &=Q!4 &E>4 ,«3 <)p

©6 / °[ ' vJY &E> M Kj

g

3 − ' M4 jQ M i~/ :NVe c&> c[

23OEp &@)b q\

npE B[ c&> c[ e , g

4

− !CO UO B i~ :NVe c&> c[

W!OVe r] !)E4 cp!J C!V <E ,B44

&)p4

12

g

e!!!) &N!!!V !!! 89!!!" !!OV4 >= N ; ; ' '>) <E J&K=E

,O4

−

3 2>Q(

− &!.O ,

,!O ¤! !ZJ !7C W&7 , J&K=E <E &pE ZJ r] C7 ( ,)O )E6 ZJ4

¤. +B ' n.V −

|e qE; M −

!E. ;! :! , <!"4 ,E.)( @E3V4 cdO( &@)b (V <E J&K=E <!3V4 ,U!>

11 ,K!!)E <!!M] !!>C &!!HJ ;:N!!Ve !!ZJ , !!

,KM '3M

# 112 g

12 ,(p +

# 143

− 144 g

(6)

2!) 9! ,cd!O &M r] -3 °=. +B @.!V <!E !CO4 B4 UO ±Y N CO (V 2~& c[ ty ,U@j&4 f)p >=(

u&!EH !M {! 2OEp! 2M )OC , Pp4 A!B ,DEe '4 & DE =j M4 c[ !!M , !!)O !!)E6 !!ZJ !!=V k

2!!O{

K¢4 .EZJ 8

,P!3 R!S !)O + , ')>

c&> e4 ,cpJ °V )OC 9"

N! R!;Y

P[ 2( )O v

l

13

.

R{!V &!+4 !=V ) Z. c[ i(4 J&K=E ?L 3 u M , <E ,PE)

!!J&K=V a!!&/4 :>!![ , ,!!* :!!)( !!.xV 9!" !3E; r] p!V ) cC ,PE c&!!.( !! s!!E3{[ !!OC ,U!!~ 2>Q!!( !Ce :

k !CO !).V , !7 !J&K=E ?L MC

3Q! u 7 l

14

,

f!( !&/ !/M !." c[

Q ,!7 3Q! !CO{4 J&K=E ?L P"

!7 !& '! ´ U> :; ' ty4

13 ,K!!)E <!!M] !!>C &!!HJ ;:N!!Ve !!ZJ , !!

,KM '3M

# 12 g

14 !7 !CO ).V , 7 J&K=E ?L MC

!.C[ ,3Q u ,c!.C[ ,c3! c

2018 A!B3 ! ,

,<M 40

,

# 131

− 142 g

9 23 = HF ©[ sE3{[4 ,U OxV <E !CO f!( ~N!B] e y 4C &+4 =

!3V 3Q! '! 7 ?L "Q 7

&) R!!E) !!CS

u&Ep!! ,!!) ,°.!!b

,<)E '>p! c> ,2;

g ! !j[ i!j

!!( :4!! !!My] !!ze

15

2004

c&!!.(

:

k

«!! c&!!K=E , !!&6 ?L!!

l !!@w[ ,

R!> !b , ?L! 89 (ª 4Y ?~E.

)E , )@ ©O ' !(ª {X4 ,«

?L 89" R"® <M4 M g

E &@)b u C4 &+4 : , [ R!!3b !! sC@E!! !!OC ,!!J&K=E ?L!!

2015 c&!!!.( <!!E , :

k f&p!!! ©!!=V

!!( ~©!!= &!!.O , !!&6 ?L!!

l

16

;

p V C4 M qE ,&6 ?L f&

!M !&O.M ~&Q!M !.M !C4 ,U¸ |©=V4 u! c[ r] ! s!@EJ4 ,! !. c>

, s!¢ ,!&6 ?L E C &@)b :

15 &6 ?L

3 A3 !z ,«! c&!K=E ,

!ze !/& ,( « &@® ,( :4 My]

:

http://www.asbu.net/ar

g

16 ~©!= &!.O , &6 ?L f&p ©=V ! ,:NVe4 M` ( ,R3b )* ,(

13 ,& @ ,

# 159

− 205 g

(7)

!&E)( ,?JL O ND

2g63 '!

3 U!{ ,

WLD ?JL C©E

2g62 M&7& [4 ,

?JL

2g60 != ?JL s/4 3. R;[4 ,

&E)( ,"Q

2g40 g

<" . &6 ?L c[ s=Qj4 ¬p!B !&E)( ,=ED 2©=E e f( MY

4g48 ' 5

!( p @ ,

4g28 NE/e U{

!(

3g50 J>] jV E. 89"4 , ?L hw&V

,!M 2>Q!( c&K=E4 ,#&N v+4 M &6 M&!7& !E; U!V ! y] ,v&M4 cdO !O/ C W&7 , ty cj4 ,&6 aO 3.

DE!! !!/4[4 ,vV©!!=V4 &!!@)b C4!!(

vE3\4 c&K=E g

) <E R{E m&.( E iC4 !@OOz c[ '>

v!~4 &! ! s!@EJ ;!J&K=E ?L 2018

&.M4 : !J&K=E ?L! !b /M

)b &HJ '"Q "T( )

17

&+4 r] ;

f( \ /M !b ?!( !M f{&!H3 iEM

U@M |R{V4 ~©= &.O , )b +!(

W!!+ A!!B ,!!{ R{!!E &Ep!! , !!V4=E

17 '"Q "T( ) J&K=E ?L b /M

!) ! ,&! !)* ,)b &HJ ! !>

,:=\Y 89

,

# 80

− 98 g

f&Ep! !M n!&E4 ,, u&Ep M =7

<j&p4 <"Te g

!Cj f!( \ /M 'M s=Qj ij !!/& f{&!!H3 ]4 ?L!! 89!! !!E

?L 89" , x \] , ,) <MiE+e ,

&Ep!!! f!!!( 4!!!C [ !!!3E;e !!!@ZV ¶4

u&Ep , MiE+e t9j4 NE/e g

)% C :

W&! ,P&N! <" Y c&K=E P c]

<!E P&N! 4[ ,8pT4 /& ' 2O.xV <E P&N c9 ce 4 ,vEOOB R( /4 &NE OxV V J&K=E &.O i 2) g

^&!K=E ?E!. DE! ! "Q cY4 !)E vJ[ OE4 ,MiE+e UO .N 9 U!OV , °C!.EV !J&K=E &!.O cC ,v&B ' a&/ :; ' ,@+[ ' sIQJ[ <E p~ ^ PE4 M&.E &F4 a[4 g

4 ,p!~ 2!Ej r] !J&K=E E. h.NV

!n v!+&V , U"p!V4 ,8&@®4 ?E. 3\ C4 !M t!y4 ,!M= !+ 2©!C[ &HJ O&pE

´E &H.

:

(8)

J&K=E ?L J&K=E &

M JM /4Y

M A8- I 1 K <=L

P4 A!!B '!! !!J&K=E !!E. '!!3EV4 ,!) PRN!/ ![ )p sJj c]4 ,|B !!E. '!!M ©!!C !!(&E> !!E.( c!!OV e4 r] s!JJe [ !OC t!y 4 ,u;Y e

'K!DE !)M 2@p!V !EJ ,=N! 89" fpz

e4

<)/ AH34 m+

g

M

?E.

PM]

?E.

'K

?E.

&

?E.

MN% A8- I

2 K P = Q6 Q%

* * *

9R :

S)= >;

&!!" !!J&K=E !!E. '!! :4Y m&!!.

NO4 ,?L P!.O @.NV <E a&O

@C!"[ !; '! OHE ,"&EpV 4[ ,J&K=E ,!( n; 2j , P* 4 c&>V4 ,M !!@E&"4 P!!.O P&!!F U!! , p!!~ PY <!!"4 ?L! !M !)E !"RS 'M P.O K¢4 ,M r4Y +(

g 4 &! '! !M M ?JL 2)EQ c[ '>)

2!j sp!4 ,!J&K=V P ?J( 2>C ,J&K=E L!M !J&K=E ?L! h.NV '>)4 ,J( P

¹X &H. M ,R PM

18

:

q!! 4[ !!=w&

: !!M

− v!!C

−

hOE

− UE g

18 ,))Q @C ,M (

# 222 g

(9)

c&)©!!4 u&!!EH

:

<!!.

−

!!

±

−

NE/

− ,O{

− º

− <.C

−

<)M gg

»]

g

&!!@)b

: !!)E !!M

− :!!=\Y

−

3Q

− Wp.

− NNDE 3DJ ggg

» g

A3 4

: <&

− <M&3[

− @!

−

@ hNJ

−

@

g

A3 s/4

: ³3N ?(

− PR@Z ?(

− Wp ?(

− P@p ?(

g

: (M

HNC

− M

− 3.+[

−

® 3.+[ g

<.= aO 4[ 2>Q

: AB

− &!B

−

Oz

− ggg

» g

!!E. '!! !!"RS '!!M ?L!! K!!)EV4 ')!7 u!;Y !E. !M u&!Ez [ J&K=E 3V!V A!B ,!@E>.4 "T r] C7] ,|OC

j[ /&(

u!;Y E. ' g

! RQ!V4

c[ '!>)x <!E p!C.E K!) ' M r] 6

"([ ,P@Q ?J( Y Oz :

HF

0TE

=

>E

UV W

MN% A8- I

3 K QY Z= [0;

I 19 K

iC4 !J&K=E ?L! m&J[ (Y M

v&M4 cdO 3.

:

19 K

9:;

: 0 :

,(O O B4 h7 M (O «EOV '!!> x¢4 ,!!B4 [ !!M r] t!!y 4!!T i!!(4 !!. N!!DQ '!! P!!3 <!!OE '!! &!!@)b

19 ,!! P!!Kb ,!!J v!!E&I , <O~!!{& U!!=

# 192 g

m&7&(

20

(O m&J[ ([ '4 ,

c[ '!>)x <!E

fE fM&. v&M4 cdO 3\ a.EV :

1

−

!!C !!(O :

!!C U!!OV r] q!!|4

,N!!NDE M&!!7& '!! ,f!! m&!!7& :&!!B c[ '!>)x ij ,#; 4[ M &@® r] v+& c[ '>)4 ' v® 4[ h© ¦3.E ' O C c&>V

= :&/[

'! m&. 9" ³. ¦Q4 ,Wi4 '¼

20 ,fY 2Mi] ,P½ PK=E

# 53 g

(10)

(O :

@E/4 @n(V4 O & PKS

g

m&7& : , h© PL

g

s!!/4 '!! !!O/ 2!!> 3p!! !!M

?JL g p!B M u&EH &J M ZCH

h©

g

&p! 2>! M p c&>V c[ 2©=x

P

@=&V x g

2

− N!!DQ !!(O :

r] m&!!. 9!!" q!!¸4

:!!+ PK"!!+ _yi!!J U!!OV

4!!/

a!!J+ , ,

9!" ³!. ¦Q!4 ,v!&M B[ 4[ cdO( /

m&.

: &!M4 h©! f!( PK!)E /M &+4

cdO g cdO!( h©! !/M !M !Ox KjV

v&M4 g

!! a!!.T

N!!DQ a!!J&b , :&;

h©

g r] /[ m&. 9" W&+[ c&>V c[ =

3n g A!3V !j '!> p! c&>V c[ 2©=x

3 g 9R

:

%]

:

:3V &" ;?L ' m&. 9 ±Y q U!!| M&!7& :&!!B ,WX4 !>CY4 !&

!V4 ,! [

!J&K=E e! 2©!C[ '!

CO4 <M& '&>V , MC

21

,

9!" h!E A!B

!!OHE !!@.( i!!C 2!!>EV m!!7[ !!{{ '!! m&!!.

,q

22

<"

: !([ '!4 ,!Ox4 q&©4 ©O

!3\ a.EV c[ '>)x <E &6 ?L m&J[

E m&JY v&M4 cdO :

1

−

<) &6 :

©!/ <) &6 :4.E

'! @np!3V a!nE 9"4 ,M &@® r] OV )M 4[ ,@!4 H!74 c&!>V !EB Y4 :;

9!"4 }N!DE &!@)b )M ©/ , &6 c&>

anE

− ©[

− r] 2N! ¾!O. '! u&Ep!4

M 2>Q(4 ,C@Ep I= ³&)\

m&. 9" ³J cC

anE &6 ' :

!!6 , fjQ!!) /!! }N!!DE

&

<) g &!!@)b !!+EB U!!@C !!M P!!O

U a. n4 g

WO O c&> c[

h©!x i! Host

21 ,fY 2Mi] ,P½ PK=E

# 77

− 80 g

22 ,(p +

# 93 g

(11)

m&7&(

g

! !3E !& U!B M Kj

&@)b g

2

−

&M &6

: 9" q@Ep4

:!; '! § r] P&M! !&6 ?L! ' m&.

<!!" P!!3 !! c&!!>V A!!B ,v!!&M4 cd!!O "Te '&>V <@C P3 RS [ ,hOE K=HE4 ,v>B[4 v/;[4 U/ &HJ (ª C 3nV4 &p OEe , /4 c&>E .

&6 ' m&. 9" ³. ¦Qx4 ,P6 :

'! R!3j !M U!| M ©/ :4.E c[

&@)b g ! :&!B &!H)E (ª] n c&> c[

'!Z 'pB » ~=E4 ,c&> c[ aª

§(

g #&N!J 2K.E " NDQ c&>V c[

©O M cdO ³!nxV <E >Q4

¾O.

g

9!R :

^S _]

:

, \p!3 !M ?L! '! m&!. 9" &O4 h!; 9! &!@)b r] !Ox G!HE y] ,_EJ

, v!![ &!!@® r] 4[ ,P!!3 Q!!

&E!!Y

&

,

2!F&E @ GHE E M vBJ )E4

Q LM

23

,

m&!7& '! !)M v.>¢ r] C7 (

&@)b a.E \] , v74 M vV/4 ,vB q@Ep g

&6 ' m&. 9" ³. ¦Qx4 :

1

− R> [ GHE) b &©6 g

2

− , p!!~ P!!>= !!M K!!j4 \p!!3

?JL g

3

− 6 2!B b M , 2p!pE4 !O

@C" Oz g

4

− :&!! PR! '!! !Y DE!

v(HF[4

&@)b r] >CY aOE

{

g

5

− apH( , ' a. u&Ep DE

q@Ep &@)b

24

g

9F0%

:

<

: !OC !M !@~&EB( !J&K=E K)EV

,c&)©4 2>Q , M&.E ,@M&!7& , PB4

h!w&V '!>) A!B ,<!) u&EH a. 9"4 :>![ , !)M <)M m&7& UOE :>Y 89"

q@Ep! &!@)b '! !3/4 v@! a![4

25

g

?L ' m&. 9" ³. ¦Qx4 :

23 ,&NO3M ,J&K=E ?L

# 95 g

24 ,U"(] &M ,^&K=E4 <My _EJ

# 138 g

25 ,&NO3M ,J&K=E ?L

# 97 g

(12)

1

− !! _!!Dx4 !!x !!@ f!!( 2!!>E

dO , fNNDE C v&M4 c

g

2

− :>!!Y4 f!!O !!&.V !!M P!!O

!OH °~ m&7& W{] , , J&K=E PB&

g 3

− ,!!O= <!!O f!!( p!!Je P!!M

O= UB f( .E4

26

g

4

− C&! P!E OB _EJ] , )Ee

!!M P!!./ c&!!>V c[ '!!>) ,!!)M !!3E>

,&!!V&

NNDE C 'M fB3 )M +4 g

9B : P ` :

9! !(Y a!O ^&!K=E OHE 2) ,!. p! , P!E :&!/Y !M M Mp !M 8Mp , W{ M :&N6 r] "Q &O4 89" f( '3E 4[ C&E 3[ U@C t9!(4 ,:&/Y

:&!/[ ! 3. a&O ([ ' OHE c&>

&!!M 2~p!! '!! p!! , Wi!! Wd 4[ '¼!!=

^&K=E OHE ³. ¦Qx4 ,cdO :

1

− , U!M !\ v4 M U© M] C

v&M4 cdO e g

2

− H( CE;e4 :&/Y M ,M

26 ,U"(] &M ,^&K=E4 <My _EJ

# 160 g

v( KEe4 ,¡+ , <) ?@. c( U{

g

3

− aVV4 ,:&/ 2> ³&.) 'K ,

* C4 :&/Y M

27

g

4

− &@)b!!( :&!!F& &!!" q!! c&!!> c[

,<B&! #&N. PE ee4 ,JdO ~O6

¼= :&/[ @C W+ <E /p4 Wi4 '

g

* * * 9!R :

S)= >;

!4 !n)J 9DEV e <E & ® NO4 !OC ')7 4[ 2OEp 2>Q( OV c[ '>)4 ,*

2 ,?L ' ?J(

: ,!OE4 ,!3; &!

!4 ,!O~{& CY4 2!O.4 ,>![ !C>(

3 g RQV AB ,@ER"i( J&K=E & K)EV4 &!HJ v!E c&!K=E 23OEp c[ r] (

O~{&4 3 2O. "([ ,p~ &

28

g

, P&N hw&V M |O( & 89" K)EV4 "&nV4 ,C@Ep ^ UOV &!nV 2!w , R!3>

2>Q!! <3J!!+ , _!!EJ 4 :N!!Ve !!+&&.>V &!@)b Mp! !/4 M.F M |/4 ,u&EH4

27 ,(p +

# 156 g

28 ,2 ([ § 3M ,c&K=E M.F 23OEp

# 23 g

(13)

,<OO6 U@M ¦&7 ' h=DE ,v] 4 M m&. 9" K¿ ([ ´E 2>Q ¡7&4

g

HF

Z!

=

>E

MN% A8- I

4 K b Z= [0;

I 29 K

!J&K=E &! m&!J[ !(Y M iC4 v&M4 cdO 3.

:

I 29 K

9:;

: CR cdZV :

m&!. 9 °~ c&> ~O64 s(& 2¢

z o :; ' OV AB ,J&K=E & ' !FC &! '! m&!. 9" 2ª 9"4 ,V&

-3 UZ cdO ~OB4 s(&{ UOE g

<O~{& }. W.( :; ' ty UE PM4 tiE 2>Q(

M&!7& PB& [

, m&!.V ! ,

,'"Q!! a!!\ <!!E !! ,4 ,³!!n 4[

&N!!j ,_!!; 4[ , t9!!j4 N!!DQ4

{4

30

g

9R :

% : hF4 UOV M vVO( ^&K=E OE UpE ~!O6 '! !/ L!j[ 4 ,f! m&!7& 2N=

29 ,a" ( ,<O~{& U= M.F

# 79 g

30 !@E/M4 !) «! ~©= &.O ?( b !) ! ,&!M U"(] ,"&HJ '"Q "T(

,:=\Y >

# 80

− 98 g

m&!7& ½!.( N!E &4

31

c[ '!>)4 ,

cd!!O !!; , !!J&K=E !!OE M.!!F U@p!!V

[ ' ,PE , v&M4

@ :

1

−

<B& s(&{4 ip4 ~OB -J g

2

− cdO &M &nE ÀE 2B {&V g

3 − NNDE ) q4 ~O6( hOE g

4

− &M ?".4 ¦4-( f)p &)M UV

cdO g 5

− cdO & ) "&Z OJ4 2z g

6

− G!B !J&K=E nE O(p!4

) 3.4 g

!J&K=E &! ' m&. 9" ³. ¦Q4 !!.@4 !!)M \!! v!!&M4 cd!!O !!; ,

@[ ' ,PE :

1

− v)OV4 OE M]

− _!EJ (

− '!M

/! :! , N!NDE !)M ND \

OE m&7&

g

31 ,U"(] &M ,^&K=E4 <My _EJ

# 150 g

(14)

2

−

!!! c&!!>V c[

H!!!74 @!!! !!OE

<!E ^!( !V !/ vp!=J s/& ,4 ,&@) fOE) @)HE g

3

− OE M] , 2HE4 hF& f( _K

89=.V4 g 4

− v!V>C4 OE u&EH 3. J&.M E;

v , AH3 ¡V= 3.4 ,p~

g

5

− !& !® , &E ;!OE &!4

, P!E >CY :KE;4 }DE ' x f>)E P4* Á=[

g 6

− e <!E ^! 2!F&V , P&N hw&V

{ 4[ ¹&N E( <OE) N] '>) g

9!R :

^S A=

:

!6 :N!Ve !O3nV4 2~!4 K¢ US e] 3 2O.(

v!EJ> M £C : e c&K=E c[

9!=.4 &!@) @O <E K4 ,: 9" , M&.N GBY g

3!!. m&!!.EV v!!&M4 cd!!O :!! ,4 !3 A!3 LM 2O.V c[ a. ' <E GBY4

@.4 ,J&K=E &.O M :

1

− 4.4 ¢

g

2

− ) OE4 ¯H g

3

− NNDE ) ¤4 g

4

− &!! !!M&.E e!! , O(p!!

cdO g v!&M4 cd!O !; , 3 2O. ³.4

@[ ' ,PE .@4 )M \

:

1

− ( 4 2O. W.{[ &&E[ O c[

f( Rp=E4 E4 :&O. G6 OC

g

2 :!; '! v!)OV '!>)x b M −

'! !OC a!nE 9!"4 ,!>E a!.E &&EY ' g 3

− ] '! !n. 9! <M( _;

t!y anE AB ,&&EY @4 G6 J&>

_;` OC g

* * * 9F0%

:

eE C A6

40 f4 !!{ !!3V ^&!!K=E _!!EJ 2!!B '!!3EV m&J U{ ,v)OV u&EH 3\ 4[ ,p~ 2&M

?E!!.

P!! 4[ ?!!J(

&!!@)b ap!!B R!!;[4 ,

2B :®] '>)x 2& 89" M W.(4 ,q@Ep p~

, v!&M4 cd!O !D( NED E.) '! !M M B 2j 2)EQV4 p~ 2B G{

&n

3V

´E &H. M :

(15)

@V 6 ♦

: E 6 :

!J3 !)T !M Kj UE B 89" , E.) fnnD u C <.3V <E &4

=E E &n :; ' ty4 ,J&K :

9:;

: Z, Fb< D6 )%

:

)D© J3 «M ,

Big Data

32

C&EV

hN!V <!E ,J3 ' 2~" Uj M J3 M&/

=!F4 C@Ep! !)E , !C +EBe 4 J3 + V4 ,O/

P&!n <!" !&

+6 <3V J&K=V E. r] :&F& Y PW!/ !)M 2¢ ij ,M :&3/ + Oz4 ,)~O

32 b4g S :

)D©! J3 M&) ' M&) <"

!!@Eb aN!! '!! ¡3N!!x v!!J[ !!+ ,P!!O4 !!+

4[ J3 M&/ P] 4[ ' OC PB4 P[ DE(

!OE J3 b O3nV DE(

g 2)Q!V A!B

,jQ!4 ,AH34 ,'KDE4 ,P4 ,¦OEe HE

&N!E4 2!HE4 ,2O.4 g

!M&) ´] 8!Te !+4

2z ' OEQ C7 & a3p( )D© J3 ! !JO( ,N! y !J3 ' PR3j PB4 M&) FY N=. M&) ´!® U!6 °=J iB

hQ!>V !\3V &!+&( ¡)p ¿ ,J3 k

!"Te

@QEe (4 ,AH3 P&+ z4 ,&H E C!V !jB q4!w !z4 !)b !HC>4 ,J&JO

<!!!!!!!OO6 s!!!!!!!/& , !!!!!!!J3 lg

(!!!!!!!

:

https://bit.ly/36cdpLj

g

v!+&V , °~! 'j! ,"Rp=V4 @z4 J3 89!" anEV4 ,HHN @+& >CY >E( )M

!M= &n ' M p~ P&n

&!H. !M

´E : 1

− W!!.3 !!C> !!&4 !!J3 RC&!!V

'! t!y4 ,C@Ep! !)E 'M PE C !M&/ A!z4 ,!/&{& N! , e :;

)Ep 2>Q( @E9V4 F J3 g

2

− !!E. r] &!!@)b !!+B !!z

4 ,v&M4 cdO , NNDE &!@)b 9!" !3S

!E. v!( OV 9 &Y4 2>Q( E iC 89!!" }!!4 ,v!&M4 cdO!!( N!!ED !J&K=E vE)pV '>) r] )

_EJ e g

9R :

%,bY %fH Z <= h :

&!@)b !3S h!F4 P&!n; 2¢

− :&!B

E4 .= =F&

^&!K=E ?E!.) .O

− P!B4

!!n !!)M v!!+&V , !!Y &!!n '!!

E.) :&3O Oz4 ,_EJ g

&p , fpC. 2z P&n 89" q@EpV4 f3J!b , @M )EV <E R 4 ,M

cdO J&K=E E. ©V EB ,>=4 <.=

!>= !+6 !3V !M pC. P~ , v&M4 :!; '! ,C@Ep )E , )4 )O4

(16)

E X :

1

− '!! ,C@Ep!! !!)E !!J( 2!!z

!!x4 !!@ !!E4 }N!!DE !!C :!!;

q"Y E.

g

2

− , !!!!M !!!!3S #DE!!!!

)E

)E , p~ I= C4 ,C@Ep g

3

− c&!K=E P!E DE!e hF4

!!)E , &!!@)b u!! 3OEp!! !!/&E4 C@Ep g

4

− 4 ,M &p , fpC. 2z

>=4 <.= f3Jb , @M )EV <E R g

5

− =F& z W!.( !J&K=E E.

O(p n Cj M g

9!R : %8ZV %80 :

B [3V ,fEO(p fEB ' W@EJe ( ,&!@)b +B <3V <E J&K=E >CY >E(

DE! !3\ a.EV <E =F& C44

&@)b G!( !B 89!" ¢4 ,vV3S4 c&K=E

<" ,p~ &n;

:

1

−

&V

>CY : P!)E !X DE!

!!>CY '!! '!!>¿ !!/ L!!j[ U!!OE ,P!!.O 2!!;

!!)E , ´N!!Ve _!!EBe !!3E ,!!L !\4 ,"N! m&!.V !M #!6 ,C@Ep

"&V g 2

− (S

>CY : ( >CY UOV )M [3V

, !BE !J> V ,PE N ' @®

2!)V U!{ ,!M &p , pC. UB4 ,P.O !!C !!M !!OV c4[4 P!!* R!! :!!; '!!

2©CY g 3 − 2z :iMY : '! &3O >CY 2z UE

M (+ :;

fopV :

!M P!>= P!/ u

?)E +EBe 3j& |y &nV , )Ee

?M &p pC. M |/ u 4 g

! 6 ♦

: ij4 6 :

¡ 4 ,r4Y B v] <@E.V M W.(

J !!B [!!3V ,P!!)E !!>C[ '!! !!@.M <!!E !!

H! !J&K=E P>= _EJ] n; U q@EpV E &n :; ' ty4 ,r4Y B 'M :

9:;

: Q= Q8 Q MbfH :

½. M )EQ P>= P&p U)NV AB E : P 4[ ?JL U

g

P 4[ ?JL m&7&

g

O »E

vJ4 vV4 ³ g

&NE M&

&NE n;

g

3. &NE /4[

g

(17)

&n ^&K=E 2) C

g

b &[

<~3 &.p g

<+ 2pE «E

g

&&E!Y , q&©4 (O

, L!M 4[

hV ,

3 4[

g

` (&n 4Y4 PK@+Y

_EJ g

:&!F& !=j4 &NE4 2pE c>

v]

<+; 4[ ;

g

4Â!!4 3!!. ~.E!!e !!nO

cut a ways

g

JK OV

33

g

9R : eE ijk :

P! 4[ ?JL n; U UE B 89" , C 2j J &n z4 ,J&K=E ,P!O

´E &H. M ,(&n 4 .= )4 :

1 '!>)x ! 4[ ,P 4[ ?JL q" z −

<!!E j&p!!4 !!J+&4 !!C !!{X( vE)p!!V

@OOz :NVe( U~O q@Ep g

2

− q@Ep &@)b z g

3

− <.= aO z

<+EJ 2>Q g

4

− =>V OV :; ' ,_EJ =>V z

BO 2&)E N4 ,POC 2j g

) 33

( https://www.mu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/content-files/TV%

5

− M C E;

g

6

− ) P )T g

7

− '! m&!7&) 3. «3 & )T

hY g

8

− u&EH UOE 3. NDQ E;

g

9

− a!. }. (Ej

&.p!

9!=.E

8iE!M4 <3OE <.K v&V

P&N!4 }.!

v OC g

10

− }.! !C4 «3 b d E;

)E g 11

− ´4Y &.p (Ej

!®( )p! !

^&K=E }.

g

12

− _; n; W.(

34

g

!! 6 ♦

: l=

:

&C B 89" [3V !n B ' W@EJe

!= W©!M[ '! !C 2j 9=.V M KjV4 ,_EJ !" , U|&Ep! qE!; !M ,v!] j& @) ,=

E &n :; ' ty4 :

9:;

: eE l=H :

<" ,.C n; G{ 9=.V P&n 89" , UE AB :

1 − q- <E ,&NE n;

&NE @M g

2

− _D @M q- <E ,_EJ& n;

g

34 ,U"(] &M ,^&K=E4 <My _EJ

# 43

− 53 g

(18)

3

− _D @M q-4 ,_; n;

g

9R :

= %SB :

U!!OV q@Ep!!V <!!E !!) !!Cj <!!"4 ,Q! !M 23/ J&K=E P 4[ ?JL

!3E;e !)M E¢4 ,u;Y 9C. , 4[

,

J&K=E P 4[ ?JL fpHE P&Q UOV g

9!R :

= MH :

_!!EJ !!) q!! P&!!n 89!!" !!V 2!!B4 &!!n !!Cj ³!!J ¤!!Ox4 ,^&!!K=E 2!HE :!; ' ty4 ,P&n 89" ³.( O(p E ) <=>4 <)>

:

1

− b :C[ 4 &!+4 a!nE 9"4 ,&@)

q@Ep &@)b &N miE 9C.

g

2

− ,!!O u&!!EH !! fN!!NDE 2!!M=V

UOE s3V <E O.4 g

3

− 2!!F&E 2~!!4 !! &!!@)b M!!=V

N!DQ 4 ,Ox P 4[ ?JL <MiE+e jQ g

9F0%

:

= MH :

)M 2!B G!( !¢ ,P)Ep! )M UOE :

!( R!;[4 ,P!3 8!(4 _!EJ W!.{[4 ,_!EJ 23/

!)~/ r] !@® <@E.V c[ =4 ,&@)b M OB 2B4 E. , 2)x <E F&E ' g

9B :

4 <= m<= C AF f

40

R{!E , p!~ 2!& ' M&) 2;EV !E.4 ,!M 2>Q( J&K=E E. ³J M ,#&N! v!+4 !M v&M4 cdO D( NED

@. ,3[ r] ty &4 :

1

− r] vN!!] !! !!.4 !! !!3\

+ anEV <E ,&@)b ,s!3E4 U! ' M

N 3n 3V

<B&

! v!. !3.V 9! ,

, <M-! ?@.! !3\4 ,:! 9!" , M v 2E g

2

− !3\ ! a!.EE ! )~& u

PR!3j !C t!y a!nE AB ,q@Ep &@)b vE~KT UE c[ 23/ &@)b(

g

3

− 3\

&

c&K=E

P!O u!4 ,

! c&K=E .= }~N hw&V M 9" 4B4 ,v&M4 cdO : , NED M hw&E g

³!J M P{ 2& U"Y M iC4 v&M4 cdO D( NED J&K=E E.

:

9:;

: NdF

%,bY nfH:0 MC o0 p :

." =w& /( NOx4 k

i@. 2j q@E

(19)

´NVe c&)© @E4 _EJ] .M |y =w&

l

35

cdO!( N!ED !J&K=E !E.) ty OHE4 !@)z <!E 2~! &!@)b E .M v&M4 ] OHE E. 89"

OM4 <B4 m3

g

2~( &@)b {V u&Ep c[ AB3 u4 v!&M4 cd!O ! :N!Ve( U~!O @O <E

')( 3V :

1

− U!! r] v!!E+H( &!!@)b !!M./ u!!

v&M4 cdO(

g 2

− vNHE <p4 U 9 v3\ u g

!!E. DEp!! &!!@)b c!!j :!!B ,4 !C4 :!M u&Ep!)( v!&M4 cdO J&K=E U~!!O q@Ep!! v!!Vy s!!/& ,4 ,'!! '9!!"

<=w4 =V /M i@.( / cC g

&!!@)b &!!O !!.M v!!JC &!! &!!" i!!j4 t!y c!C . J&K=V E. E(

c[ <!.

,U¸!! P&!!+& !!+EB m3!!( c&!!&O 8!!C[

c!C N!NDE P!.O E &@)b ª .M4 t!y '! !OOHE M3!] &!+4 anE 8)E iC ,DEe !J&K=E P!.O h~!w4 f( /

p!!=. !!+6 !!4 ?!!E &!!@)b !!C44 .M s=Qj <E MiE+e4 &!@® u! ! @

?z c&K=E

Q= qCp rF %,bY sZ

u! P&!+& !+64 C4 \] , h~w& .3xV c[ =

,@C"[4 M p &OV <E \] ,4 ,&@)b , c& "9=. @ r] :& xz U{

u&!E* r] U!{ ,!J&K=E P.O

Q M @Z g

h!EÀ4 ,PE 2&( {E E c[ M aS =EV MiE+e4 p=.4 CS&) RE apB ;X }D ' ,&!!@)b !!M )Ep!!4 U~!! q!!E a!!nE 9!!"4 ,!!CO4

|E.4 M 2~4 &HJ vVj&4 g

M h~w4 ([ c[ h u

<" 8&HJ &@)b C44 ´ :

pb4 O4 B4 (

#DY4 GBY4 >CY 'M 3;

/& &HJ HHF h/& <.3E OM C

vC4 pE( P6 @ UV P6 ¦&7 ' h=DE Ã=J C

A8t MN%

I 5 K rF %,bY sZ Q= qCp o0 NdF

35

35 ,<H3N )* ,&@)b4 :NVe( U~O , =w& /

# 109 g

(20)

c] A!B ,h~!w& !z C4! c!C vM4 , "9=.V \4 =w4 2j UB xz &@)b C4 P.O ".3EV <E M P>= W&7

g

b(V )% ,' vhH w %,bY sZ [0;

:

7D sZ

vC4 pE g

3;Y pEj g

C pEj g

nH &Y( C :; ' <MiE+e Kj( &@Z g

/& ' 4 g

<MiE+e 2F&E g

: ¶M r] 4@ 3p Ee g

¶ , :&E g

4 :n(Y _Je (n7e4 K4 O :&B[ , &n3

g

<OO6 ¶ M qE g

NDQ aME ' h=DE g

UE g

"Te4 &p UM g

nH I3 & M qE g

9 OV P

g = s/4 2

g

<MiE+e 2M=E M PMp g

B&E4 WiEJe

)E g

I3 =Y UM g

2 ' }DE g

W;e4 E g

¾O. ¡NV M&7& M qE g

°BY4 h\& z g

,)/ )E UZ. 2>V C4 v( {EV ¿4 <" cpJ U/ c[ =w& ~.3 Z. =V AB

UZ.! 89!" 2!)M _EJ !)E , <!"4 ,!;E

( : M 4 4 p4 PY g

9R : %f x %,bY 7 D%

I Q=

:K

'! !&B4 i!@ «!.M !M 2~4 2¢

iE!M 3V4 ,6 )E , ,MiE+e UZ.

M 2~4 M CY fE[ fEM(

:

1

− '! ,!@OOHE CY p <E q"Y W& ,=ED q4 & M :&N6 :;

MiE+ 4[ ND q"Y 89" sJj g

2 !& ZJ x M 2~4 ZJ c[ −

'! ,CY( F q"Y Oz N , U>HE WOEJ :;

e&!F4 ,aV4 M U{ ,&

A34 -. r]

36

g

36 ,!)* ,!)63M !)* ,R{E "T4 M ZJ

# 233 g

(21)

Q= wDE :

!E. 2!>EV ^&!K=E 2) ,

&!

!!4 N!!DQ4 !!>CY4 ^!!4 ?L!!4 M

jQ! =F4 pJE }~N; W.( ,

@® E.) ?4 )M

37

g

%SBV

% cdZV %]

0 CR NV =

dE

[ [

[

_ _

_

!"

mpVe

)

MN% A8t I 6 K 8 x n!

I 38 K

>! !E. V &"4 ,J&K=E P.O <+EJ :; ' E. m&J[ , mpVe @Z AB ,M&J4 2)Q 9 <OCY

,&6 , ,3;Y

!!/4Y ,!!M&. ,O(p!! ,!!O~{& !!CY ,JM gggg

» , p!EE !B&E= ! 9!" O34

, <!OCY m&!.E '! !KV ,u!;[ m&!JY E.

J&K=E E.

g

37 I 38 K

, <!M= m&!.E '!M LC &) [

37 ' P>= aH UV :

,!>3 !{ ,&pE V

# 267

− 268 g

38 ' P>= aH UV :

,(p +

# 268 g

! !3; &! c[ !@Z AB ,p~ m&JY , fM&!!J 4[ Q!! !!M &!!@Z , f>!! 9!!DEV 9>"4 ,u&EH m&J[ 4[ :>[ {{ & ,

,N!DQ &!B

!@+ '4 ,P4. &B ,& &B ,[ &B u;[

:

p3 &64 aj &6 g

{ @+ '4 :

4 ,2p &6

3 &6 u&!EH A!B '!4

P6 e Cj E. 2)QV c[ '>)

,-

,HN!! ,!!7 ,miE!!+e ,N!!E/e ,p!!

,UE ,( ,:NVe ggggg

» g

(V J&K=E &4 ?L , )4 mpVe

(22)

c[ i!!>C ,?L!! 4[ _!!EJ P]4 &p!!E P] f!!(

U!/ 2>Q! , @ZV <E L n

18 !V

fM[ [ ![ O t9j <@C ,?L4 _EJ

<!E q!"Y i@.! 2j °O ,&pE fM[

!.O P!B P4C ,@OOz M vV] 2)V !J&K=E P

K n 89 &@)b /M , KE¥

g

9!R : eE b A{

:

!!\] , @=!!F4 !!J&K=E &!!.O 4!!EV &j r] E M4-

− ty 23/

− M4-

)T n( |] M ty °>.4 ,MiE+4 CO{

O |i f(

E @E)4 MiE+e4 C

39

g

)E! !&O U!"[ !B[ 2!) 9! ,^&K=E &!!Y , p!!C. P!!~ , !!J&K=E !!E.

M g

N!!ED !!J&K=E !!E. !!3n !!OC44

39 ,!!)63M !!)* ,R{!!E !!"T4 !!M !!ZJ

# 371 g

E n ,@&)E n :

1

− !!/4Y !!(

W!!.{[4 !!( , !!JM

?L g

2

−

&4 ?L E M g

3

−

&4 ?L R M g

4

− E.) 3 UM g

5

− MLE4 3 g

2!!&)E N!! '!! !!M&) P!!./ 2!!j !![

i!j4 ,C7] 2; N m(] #C @[4 ,OE P.O sJj )O M M] M 2)z

− &p ,

!&)M !M 4 !F; J&K=E −

#!C s!Jj

U"[ 2)EV4 , 3p.( 2@[ 2&)E N , m(

iC J&K=E &.O &)E 2~3 :

1

− JM /4Y (

U"[ B[ ty x4 :

E P!.O 2&¢ N P!M 2!&( {!E4 ,!J&K=

U>z ,f!.) 2©!CY 2~!& !E;4 !Y !M p!B !M !JM !/4Y RpV )E4 P"Q! P4y !/4[4 ,&p! Rp!V4 ,'"Q ,t!!y p!!6 !!\ P!!M !!." c] A!!B ,!!

@[

40

:

40 ,Pp [ ,¬ ¶ , ^M &p

# 4 g

(23)

!!J4> !!/& WE=E!! !!O\

hHN4 4

@M :& e g

:&\ P"Q °OV <E O\

j-!! ap!!B P"Q!! ap!!J !!O\

P!!)E

P-!!E. <!!"4 ,

89!!" !!([4

j- :

¤&p3]4 (

g

2

− M

!* !E. !E P

: !M

<!M MpV <E ,M&. &4 ?L c&>V PM

M (ª] ."y P&F '&>V4 ,P* IC r] :&F&

,fC!n f!( !3E C!. Oz4 ,I= 89" u 9! ?E. W.{[ , <M E (] @[

8(4 v3/4 8M g

[ z UE4 ?L! M

fp~ 'Ä O3\

:

41

!J&K=E P 4[ ?JL h>V nV

¡( Å" g

?JL P@4 P&/ u&Ep

g

3

− P!!* !!E. !!R !!M :

\!!OEV

?L! ( ,HJ p ' R> q"[

UE| <E F; ,J&K=E &4 )E 2jQ)(

41 ,Pp [ ,¬ ¶ , ^M &p

# 7 g

2!&)E &p!E !FC 89" V4 ,@&4 @b 'M AH3 ty anE AB ,E. (

M o SF U{ ,E. u&EH)( N y !M iE!Me U{ ,fCn 3E C. Oz ,R

! 4!=E4 ·!DQ :NVe , }NDE C P!.O , 2j : M c&>V c[ '>)4 ,fHJ

9>"4 P[ ?( 4[ u4E= ?Lj g

4

−

!3 UM!

N!NDE P!.O :

c] A!B

."

&>B4 HJ p4 ND

.EOV

P>=(

, a!SV ÆU!{ '!4 ,!. !& M ' &@+ EJ ty cj i(4 ,@)M 4[ P

N v.> , / 4[ &pE P] ' e>![ UM! 9!" 9!DE4 ,P!.O UZE!. RS4 i@

}N!! 4[ PK!!@+Y 4[ ^!!3 RC&!!V 2!! ,P!!E R!S4 ,P!* !. P C4« 2)z 4[ q/4Y ty

42

g

5

−

!!M !! , iE!!e :

!!OV

&p! , ! '! !M&) J&K=E &.O

<E M

!@C °C.V

43

,

!"([ '!4 :

!;

,!{&E4 ,u&EH &nV4 ,_; 4 ,<~ _EJ

42

Ej ,@E( , P./ (T \

: ~©= &./

20– M ,))Q @C ,M ,

# 144 g

# 76 g

(24)

R+!!V4 ,}N!!DE a!!E4 ,!!M !!M4 R+!!!!V4 ,2!!!!) !!!!C4 PK!!!!@+Y4 !!!!

'!!! 2!!!)HE &!!!4 ,"&&E!!!e !!!/&

2~!!4 ,^4!!>e

sms

!! r] C!!7 ( ,

P!!.O PR!!3j !!B([ !!Oz c[ '!!>) <!!E !!Y ,!&4 ,!3; ! ,P=Q &.O u&!!EH iE!! P!!M]4 ,!!@C4 !!CO &!!4 4[ ,!!+ 4[ <M&!!7& 2!!"V :!!; '!! Á&!!=H

<ÀV gggg

» g

6

− P.O( F q/4Y , iEe :

A!B

!=. y M4-! 2!&¢ 2~!4 B[ h/& c]

2!!&)E DE!! !!/4 ,)p!! !!)E , !!

' ( +& > e4 ,&B M4- M =J =J 4 v&¢ , @] h/&4 e] =. &([

9"4 ,vM '!>) e y] ,¯!6 .E/4 , )Ep 4

!=J &N!/ >Q! '! Rj 2B , 8{[ 2"T F M4- M4 ,

44

g

7

, c&!!V4 ,!! 9!!H( P!!.O @DEp!!V c[ a!!ª , &!@)b ¡N! f!( !)b !M !ZC*4

@b4 P.O4

−

44 m&7& (

:

"([4 ,/;Y :

N. JM

g

ª4 (O

g

c&K=E LM &pE

& E g

@EM4 P.O U ' =EpV Q

g

9F0%

: ff4 %8 :

!([ '! ?K &" ¡+. ^&K=E 2) c]

h~w4 f!( :3E O )M OE ,@.( iC 2>EV h~!w& 89"4 ,q@Ep &@)b f(4 E.x @b !nOJ !.M h!/&EV e P)Ep! !)M !&>( UpEV &!O 9! UE! :9!3 !@+ 2j hw&V 2( ,P*

<"4 ,)Ep fpHE :

1

−

&pE : !3/ :&!B v)M &H)E AB

!!+6 @M3!!] '!!>)x <!!E !!O4 !!B4

v&M4 cdO J&K=E E.(

g

2

− m(

: !Cj 2)Q! !." m!( p!E4

3

−

!!(E>

: !!F; !!(Y PY !!(E> !!V

, !M=( U"p!V A!B ,cd!O &M &4 ?L !!3\ !! a!!.E /!! <!!) u&!!EH !!I|

) vV+ qE; M ,q@Ep &@)b g

(25)

4

−

^&K=E _EJ :

9 = , pE4

4 >CY Cj 2&z nEp <) u&EH4 q

ip!4 }~N GB[ \] , ,^&K=V ?E. r]

.@

g 9B :

|` QD :

¤![ u&!EH4 ,u&!EH ¤[ <" ^ ,"&@®4 cdO &M &4 ?( f( :3E )M !!jH !!B[4 ,N!!Ve !!) "&!!+ &!!"4

m&. K=H4 -3 °=. , R

g

&!@)b r] N!] ! ^! 2OJ '>)4 !@.( i!C 2!>EV !\ P( J&K=E E. LM 4 ,CY LM P3 :&/Yj ,@. ( 4[ )E ,! , DEp! &!4 ,Q! !M aE>x +; aY4

7 4 &>

,{!4 PW

,p+Y jB4 gg

» g , u&!EH P&+ M U>6 R U"[ 2)EV4

È!=x ,<!On. _V :; ' ,^ 2 M vV/

_!E 9!"4 ,<!OE !M &N!O {Y G4B r]

R{E &Ep C4 <On.

:

1

− , R{E :

¤V <E C OxV AB

&@)b r] vN] .

g

2

− <"Te R{E

^+&

g

3

−

<j&p R{E g

P = 3CfB I

wC :K

f)p/ r] ^&K=E ?E. }~N; UpO.V :

1

− }~N;

P3 : ,&N ,Á=Y ,aO

,U!!O ,p!! ,_!!; ,_!!EJ& ,N!!DQ s/&E g 2

− }~N;

P3 RS :

,!M !

E ,P~= ,P.O( O ,A3 2~4 V g

MN% A8t I 7 K P = 3CfB

(26)

,&@)b 'M @>E¢ <E & UB NVe tE :&3/ + g

!& t!E¢ <!E )E mpV u V u ,@.M NVe tE &@® mp

g

QD H Q ; 0 Q8Z e' jB :

Q%, QD H Q ; 0 Q8Z e'

45

J3 +

&4 @+& >CY >E( )M v+&V , °~ 'j ,"Rp=V4 @z4 J3 PW/ )M 2¢

c] AB ,HHN

&O / Rp=E4 2HE , '3E

>CY &V , ´N!Ve _!EBe !3E ,!L !>CY '! '!>¿ !/ L!j[ U!OE ,P.O 2; P)E X DE

"&V \4 ,"N m&.V M #6 ,C@Ep )E g

>CY (S [3V

:iMY 2z fopV M (+ :; ' &3O >CY 2z UE

: / u !3j& !|y &!nV , )E!e !M P>= P

M &p pC. M |/ u 4 ?)E +EBe

?E. &nV !.= !)4 ,P!OC 2j J :iMY OV4 ,J&K=E P 4[ ?JL n; U UE B 89" ,

n 4 BO 2&)E N4 ,POC 2j =>V4 ,(&

g

?E. 3E;

! 9!C. , 4[ Q! !M ! 2!3/ !J&K=E P 4[ ?JL UOV q@EpV <E ) Cj <"4 J&K=E P 4[ ?JL fpHE P&Q UOV , 3E;e )M E¢4 ,u;Y g

OV

?E. U 2B G( ¢ ,P)Ep )M UOE )M

: !M ! !( R!;[4 ,P!3 8!(4 _EJ W.{[4 ,_EJ 23/

OB 2B4 E. , 2)x <E F&E ' )~/ r] @® <@E.V c[ =4 ,&@)b g

I 45

Y P = >; K

?

I 46 K

1

−

?E.

!>E3

Original Product

: &!"4

45 _EJ 4 &pE , NNDE + PM ' P=Ee s¢

^&K=E : ,&pE V

,!>3 {

# 273

−

275 ,! :!®4 ,°!] s!({ ,½ h&pE4 ,

# 229

− 233 g

46 ' P>= aH UV :

,!>3 !{ ,&pE V

# 271 g

, &!+& '!> ¶ 9! ^&!K=E ?JL 4[ P K!)E4 ,P :4Y 8>E( UV4 ,O( M &p !! '!!M !!(ª] !!."y P&!!F W!!.3( m&!!. 9!!"

M g

2

−

?E.

&n

Improved Product

: &"4

a!j& 8&!nV U!V 9 ^&K=E ?JL 4[ P U!OE ?~!E. !3V 4[ ,&!@)b u! P+ 3S

(27)

P.O 2; , )Ep g

3

−

?E.

:

Modified Product

: &!"4

!V W!+] UE 9 ^&K=E ?JL 4[ P

!~&= 4[ u&!EH 4[ 2>Q! , ,v!M 9+

<!E

q@Ep &@) @OO

g

4

−

?E!!!.

!!! !!!Ox

New Brand

Product

: v!V>C &EpV 9 ?JL 4[ P &"4

2!V ! ,P&@Q! M 4[ * ?( 4[ & ' q@Ep &@)b a.EE P>=

g

* * * 9))

:

e' Q%' ); qpH

,fEp!!~ fEB!!)( &p!!E !!)M !!¢

¡!7&V ! iC4 ,8( u;Y4 _EJ 23/ B]

fEB &n

:

@V 6 jB :

eE ASN Q%'

P :

1

− !&4 !J3( !J3 PM/ 9V

O/

n; :; ' ,C@Ep )E 'M B4 )Ep4 UZE. 2>Q( N PE g

2

− ?JL( C@Ep )E J( 2z

!E4 }NDE C :; ' ,J&K=E & 4[

q" x4 @ g

S A Z %, [0;

<~NB] 2*

&pV AB(

¥ J&K=V ?( n

<MiE+ 2*

^&K=V _EJ]

J&K=V E.x >E3

v&M4 cdO( }E¥

v&M4 cdO &4 ?( _EJ] R3;

3

− !!!!3S4 !!!!+EBe #DE!!!!

C@Ep!! &p!! , !!M

!!)E

!!C4 ,

)E , p~ I=

g

4

− DE!e hF4 c&!K=E P!E

C@Ep &p , &@)b u 3OEp /&E4 )E g

5

− =!F& :&!B &!@)b 3S hF4

^&K=E ?E.) .OE4 .=

g