K9 niem 50 nam Ngay Hai quan Viet Nam danh thing tran dau (2 va 5-8-1964 • 2 va 5-8-2014)
Bfli HOC uhtfcmenHCHinH TRI-TinHTHfln
cua bo dpi Hai quan trong chien ddu
Chu^ D6 dd'c DANG MINH H A I Uy vien ThU&ng vu Ddng uy Chu nhiim Chinh tri Qudn chung Hdi qudn
50 ndm da troi qua, y nghia lich s& ddnh thang trgn ddu cita Hdi Qudn Nhdn ddn Viit Nam (HQNDVN) vdn con nguyin gid tri. Bo Id chien thdng cua si2c mgnh chinh tri - tinh thdn trong ckiih dau cua cdn bg, chiin si HQNDVN.
Hinh dnh nhitng con tdu nho be, ddng cdm vU&t qua sdng to, gio l&n, mtia bom, bdo dgn, phdng ngU ldi kiin quyit tiin cdng tdu dich, bugc chung phdi rut chgy va nhiing tam gitang anh dUng hy sinh cua dang viin, cdn bo, chien sl hdi qudn ngoan cUdng, quyet tdm chiin dau bdo vi vdng bien, viing tr&i miin Bac XHCN vdn ludn in dgm trong trdi tim cua qudn va ddn cd niidc.
Tr^n dau chien thdng Ngugc ddng lich sir 50 nam trudc, tif cudi nam 1963, chien ttanh Viet Nam ngay cang ttd thanh tam dilm ndng bdng ttong chinh trudng nudc My. Sau dao chinh quSn sy lat dd che' dd Ngd Dmh Diem, tinh hinh chuih tri d Sai Gdn tiep tuc rd'i ren; chieh luge
"Chid'n ttanh dac bidt" cua My b mien Nam Vidt Nam dling tmdc nguy co pha san.
Dl eihi van tinh the'cho chinh quyin nguy b mien Nam va cung cd thef ddng cbo lyc lugng viln chinh, dl^ qud'c My didn cudng leo thang chiln ttanh, tim mpi each ngan chan sy chi vien tit miln Bic cho chiln trucmg miln Nam.
Ngay 17-4-1964, Bd Tu
linh Ham ddi Thai Binh Duong cua My dua ra kl hoach danh pha cac tuylh van chuyin chid'n luge eua ta chay dpc theo biln gidi Viet Nara - Lao, Vidt Nam - Cam- pu-chia. Theo chi thi cua Tdng thdng Gidn-xan, quan ddi My da thdng qua k l hoach dung khdng quan, hai quan danh pha 94 rauc tidu ttgng yiu vl quan su va kinh te'ttdn lanh thd railn Bic Viet Nam va du tfnh hoan thanh k^
hoach ttong 12 tuSn vdi sy tham gia cua toan bd luc lugng khdng quan ciia Hai quan My d Thdi Binh Duong.
Dl thye hien ktf hoach nay, quan ddi My md mdt chiln dich khidu khich nuin Bic Viet Nam, gay xung ddt cue
bd nhim tao cd md rdng va leo thang chiln ttanh bang vide dua may bay \k tau chiln ap sat vimg ven biln va xam itiiap sau khdng phan cua miln Bic. Vdi cudng dd tang dan tii cudi nam 1963 va dinh dilra vao cudi thang 7, dSu thang 8-1964, liln tiic ttong 2 ngay 1 va 2-8-1964, may bay My da ngang nhiln vi pham khdng phan miln Bac, ban pha D6n Biln phdng Nam Can va lang Nopng De d miln tay tinh Nghd An. Trudc do, ngay 31-7-1964, Hai quan My dilu tku khu true Ma-ddc va radt sd tau tuan tieu ngang nhiln xam pham vung biln trah Quang Binh, tiln ra khu vyc Deo Ngang, Hon Mat, Hdn Ml va Lach
4 xay di/ng Dang sd 8-2014
LY L U A N - THLfC TlfiN - KINH NGHlfiM
Trudng trinh sat bd phdng cua ta va tiln hanh cac hanh vi khidu khich quan su.
Trong ngay 2-8-1964, d ngoai khoi thudc hai phan tinh Thanh Hda da xay ra ttan ddi dSu quyit liet giiia luc lugng HQNDVN vdi lyc lugng hai quan va khdng quan My. Nhan lenh cua Sd chi huy tiln phuong Quan chung Hai quan, tii cac vi tri ttin biln, cac tau phdng ldi 333, 336, 339 cua ta ddng loat xuat kfeh danh dudi tau dich. Phat hien ta co ddng ttdn biln, khdng quan dich dien cudng diing boa luc ngan chan. Tran danh diln ra vd ciing khde lilt ca ttSn khdng va tten biln, ttong viing hda lyc day dac cua dich ca ba tau phdng I6i eua ta diu bi trung dan, bd ddi bj thuong vong nhung vin kidn cudng chil^n dau, dung siing 14,5mm bin roi mdt may bay dich, iam bi thttong nhilu chie'c khac, tau ciia ta phdng ngy ldi vao tau Ma-ddc budc tau nay phai thao chay.
Iheo kich ban dung s&, ngay 4-8-1964, Oa-smh-ton va Lau Nam gdc My ddng loat dua thdng tin cho bao gidi Iiia bip sy kiln "Tau Ma- dd'c va tau Tdn-no-doi bj Hai quan Viet Nam tail cdng b hai phan qudc tl", tao du luan vl
"sy kien Vinh Bic Bd". Dung 11 gid 30 phiit ngay 5-8-1964 (gid Ha Ndi), Tdng tiidng My
Gidn-xon tuydn bd tten truyin hinh My: 'Tra dua miln Bic Viet Nara bang hanh ddng cua khdng quan nham tieu diet cae tau cua hai quan Bac Viet". Gan nhu ngay lap ttie, trua 5-8-1964, theo kl^ hoach "Mui ten xuyen" da e h u ^ bj sSn, My SLf dung lyc lucmg khdng quan cua hai bien ddi tau san bay gdm 40 raSy bay canh quat va tiem kfeh phan lyc danh pha dG ddi vao cac don vi va can cd hai quan cua ta tai Nhat Le (Quang Binh), Lach Trudng, Hdn Me, Hdn Mat (Thanh Hda), Hdn Gai, Ha Long (Quang Ninh)...
CuOc khdng kfeh cua Hai quan My ngay lap tiic gap phdi su dap tta quyit lilt cua ta, lyc lugng Hai quan cilng vdi dan quan ty vl cac dia phuong da kiln cudng danh tta, 8 may bay My bi bin roi tai chd, 7 chil^c khac bi thuong, trung uy phi cdng A- va-re't bi bat sdng ngay tten vinh Ha Long.
Chiln thang ttan dau ngay 2 va 5-8-1964 da md dSu ttang lich sif chi^n dau va chiln tiiang cua HQNDVN.
Vdi Iuc lugng nhd, vu khi khdng manh, nhung vdi tinh than chien dau ngoan cudng, dam danh va quy^t danh tiiang, HQNDVN da ciuig vdi quan va dan miln B^c danh bai thu doan tao cd leo thang chiln ttanh cua dl qudc My.
Bai hoc kinh nghieni va y nghia lich sur
Chiln tiling ttan dau ciia HQNDVN ttirdc hit khing dinh dudng Idi dung dan, sang tao, chu ddng vl chiln lygc cua Trung uong Dang va Chu tich Hd Chf Minh ttong lanh dao va chi dao ehiln ttanh.
Vdi tu duy nhay ben va tam nhin chiln luge, trudc nhflng diln bi^n ciia tinb hinh, nam ro am rauu va y dd chi^n tranh mdi cua de' qudc My - can thiep sau va keo dM chidn ttanh d Viit Nam, tai Hdi nghi Trung uong 9 (khda III) tiiang 12-1963, Dang ta da xac dinh quyet tam chiln lugc: Tap trung xay dung quan ddi viing manh vl mgi mat, nang cao siic marth chiln dau bao ve miln Bac XHCN;
tang cudng lue lugng chii Iyc va d£y manh tac chi^n tap trung d miln Nam, cung toan dan danh bai chi^n lygc
"Chiln tranh dac bilt" cua d^
qudc My. Ngay 27-3-1964, tai Hdi nghi chinh tri dac bilt, Chu tich Hd Chf Mmh tidp tiic khang djnh y chi cua toan Dang, toan dan ta bing tuyin bd danh tiilp: "Chiln tranh dac biet" cua dl" qudc My nhat dinh that bai. Va: "Ne'u dl qud'c My hiu ITnh ddng dlh miln Bac thi nhat dinh chimg se bj that bai tiiam hai.
Vi nhan dan ca nudc ta se kiln quyit danh Iai chung..."
TCr ngay 6-7-1964, Quan iiy
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LY L U A N - THU'C T I S N - KINH NGHlfiM
Trung uong va Bd Tdng tu lenh quyit dinh chuyin Quan chiing Hai quan sang ttang thai then chil'n, canh giac cao, bam sat cae hoat dgng cua dich ttin khong, tten biln, s&i sang danh dich khi chiing gay chie'n. Chie'n thang tran d^u ttong hai ngay 2 va 5-8-1964 cua HQNDVN la su tiie hien quy€t tam chie'n luge cua Dang va Chii tich Hd Chf Minh, chu ddng ve ragi raat, giang tta dfch dang hanh ddng leo thang cua dl qudc My.
Chie'n thang ttan dau cua HQNDVN la chiln thang cua tn tue va nghi thuat quan su Viet Nara ke't tinh qua lich sit ngan nam dung nudc va giii nudc cua dan tdc, dugc ke' thijta va phat triin ttong thdi dai Hd Chl Minh; la bm hgc vd chng quy bau vl sdc manh chfnh trj - tinh thin ttong chidn dau cua HQNDVN. Do la nghe thuat quan su "lay ft thang nhilu, lay ydu thang manh", "lay dai nghTa thing hung tan, lay chf nhan thay cudng bao"; la tinh than dam danh va quyit danh thing cua HQNDVN trudc luc lugng khdng quan va hai quan hung hau cd ttang thil't bi hien dai cua djch. Vdi tinh than, f chf chiln dau cao, khdng sg hy sinh, khdng liii budc trudc bom dan dich, can bp, chie'n sT HQNDVN da dung cam, mim tri, kien quye't giang tta cac hanh ddng cua dich. Siic
manh chinh trj - tinh thSn ay xuat phat tCf Idng yeu nttdc, cam thu giac dugc nhan len cao dd; la kit qua ciia cdng tac giao due chfnh trj tu tudng, dl cao canh giac, san sang chiln dau, dam ddnh, quyit danh thing giac My xam lugc. Dd la siic manh cua doan kit, ky luat, hiip ddng chat ehe ttong thd ttan chiln tranh nhan dan tren chiln tnrdng sdng, biln; la bai hpc vl neu guong ttong chiln dau cua dang vien, can bd, cua ddi ngu thuyin tnrdng va chinh tri vien cac tau ttordc chiln sT.
Chiln thing ttan dau cua HQNDVN cd y nghTa bit su'c to Idn ddi vdi cude khang chiln chdng My xam lugc eua dan tdc ta, tao nilm tin vao thing lgi, ddng vien khi till tiln cdng ciia quan va dan ca nudc, chan dtitig cude leo thang chie'n ttanh pha hoai bang khdng quan va hai quan cua de'qudc My, bao ve viing chac hau phuong Idn miln Bic. Trong sudt chilu dai lich sif cude khang chiln chdng My, HQNDVN da chiln dau anh diing, bin roi 118 may bay, ban bj thuang 45 tau chiln va 102 may bay khac.
Md dudng Hd Chf Minh tten biln, van chuyin hang chuc ngan tah vii khf, dan dugc, thudc men, chi vien cho chiln tnidng miln Nam, gop phin Iam nin Dai thing miia XuSn nam 1975.
Phat huy truyin thdng chien thang tran ddu, xdy dirng HQNDVN manh ve chinh tri, sSn sang chiln dau cao
Nhimg bai hgc kinh nghilm tii chiln thing ttdn dSu each day 50 nam da va dang dugc cac thd he can bd, chidn si HQNDVN hoc tap, van dung sang tao ttong huSh luyen va san sang chil'n dau bao ve chil quyin biln, dao thieng heng cua Td qudc hdm nay. Dudi sy lanh dao cua Dang, true tilp la Quan uy Trung uong va B6 Qudc phdng. Dang uy Quan ehiing Hai quan tap trung lanh dao, cbi dao xay dung HQNDVN manh vl chinh tri, san sang chiln dau cao; thuc hiln tdt cac mat cdng tac xay dung dang vdi cac npi dung trpng ye'u sau:
Mgt Id, tap trung quan trilt sau sic tinh hinh nhilm vu chfnh tri cua quan ddi va Quan chimg Hai quan, thiic hiln nghilm tuc cae nghi quydt, cbi thi cua Dang vl Chidn lugc bao ve Td qudc trong tinh hinb mdi. Chii ttpng giao due Chu nghia Mac - LInra, Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh. Giao due cho can bg, chidn sT vl truyin thdng hon nira thd ky xay dung, chidn dau, chidn thing va trudng thanh cua Quan chung dl xay dung ban Enh chuih trj vflng vang, cung cd nilm tm,
6 xay dung Oingsd 8-2014
LY L U A N - THlTC T l i N - KINH NGHlfiM
nang cao canh giac each mang, quydt tara danh thing mpi ke thii xam lugc, bao ve viing chic chu quyin biln, dao, thim luc dia thieng liing cua Td qudc.
Hai Id, tap tning xay dung cae td chflc CO sd dang thuc su ttong sach, vflng manh, co nang Iuc ianh dao toan diln, siic chidn dau cao. Bai hpc kinh nghiem tfl 50 nam trudc da cho thay vai ttd quydt dinh cua cac td chflc dang ttong lanh dao va td chflc tiiyc hien nhiem vu chil'n da'u. Do la nang lyc quan trilt, cu thi hda va td chflc thye hien thing lgi cac nghi quyit, chi thi cua cap tten va cua cap minh; nang Iuc ianh dao ttong bdi canh khde het cua ttan danh; nhan thflc, ttach nhiem, nang Iuc cua can bd, dang vien, trudc hdt la cap uy, chinh uy, chmh tri viln, ngudi chi huy cac cap trudc yeu dn nhilm vu dugc giao.
Ba Id, xay dung ddi ngu can bd, dang viln, nhat la ddi ngu cap uy, can bd chu tti d CO sd cd ban ITnh chfnh tri vflng vang, ph^m chat dao dflc each mang ttong sang, ldi sdng trong sach, ianh manh; cd trinh dd, nang luc toan dien va kha nang td chflc tdt boat ddng thuc tiin;
phuong phap, tac phong chfnh quy, mSu myc, gdn gui qudn chung, thuc su tiln phong, gtfong mdu, Iam nong cdt ttong thuc hiln nhiem vu
va xay dyng don vi. Quan tam xay dung cac td chflc qudn chflng va Hdi ddng quan nhan viing raanh, phat huy d^y du ttach nhiem cua doan viln, hdi viln ttong cdng tac xay dung dang, ttong thye hien nhiem vu va xay dyng co quan, don vj vihig raanh toan dien. Chu ttpng xay dung co quan chinh tti cac cap thuc su doan kit, guong miu, vflng raanh, tham mini cbo cap uy, chi buy triin khai cac hoat ddng cdng tac dang, cdng tac chinh tti sat, dflng, hieu qua.
Bd'n la, quan ly chat che tinh hinh chfnh tri noi bd, cac mdi quan he xa bdi cua quan nhan, thuc biln nghiem cac quy dinh vl phdng gian, gifl bl mat. Phdi hgp chat che vdi cap uy, chfiih quyin, nhan dan cac dia phuong xay dung don vi an toan, dia ban ddng quan an toan. D^y manh cdng tac tuyen truyin, giao due, nang cao nhan thflc, ttach nhiem cua can bd, chidn sT va nhan dan vl vi tri, vai ttd cua biln, dao ttong su nghiep xay dflng va bao ve Td qudc. Phdi hgp chat che vdi cac ban, ngartii cua Trung uong, cac tinh, thanh phd triin khai sau rdng, thidt thye, hieu qua chuong trinh tuyin truyin vl biln, dao, gin vdi tao ngudn Iyc, phat huy sflc manh tdng hgp cua toan Dang, toan dan, toan quan, cua ca hi thdng chinh tri ttong sy nghiep xay dung va bao vl vflng ehlc chu
quyin biln, dao, thim Iuc dia thieng lieng cda Td qudc.
Ndm Id, lam chu khoa hgc - ky thuat quan su, khai thae va sfl dung cd hieu qua cac loai vu kbi ttang bj biln cd;
d^y manh nghiin ciiu khoa hpc - ky thuat quan sy; lam tdt cdng tac bao dam phuc vu cho chi huy ra minh Iinh chinh xac, gianh thing Igi ngay tfl ttan dau.
Hien nay, tnldc nhiing diln bidn phflc tap, khd Ifldng cua thd gidi va khu vuc, nha't la sy gia tang cang thing trong ttanh chap chi quyin biln, dao, can tap trung xay dyng Quan chung Hdi quan manh vl chmh tri, san sang chidn dau cao, dugc cu thi hda bang nhilm vu xay dung nhan td cbinh tri - tinh than cho bd ddi s ^ sang danb thing chidn ttanh kiiu mdi ttin h u ^ g biln cua cac thd Iuc thii djch.
Dac bilt la bdi dudng ^ chf quydt tam chidn dau, cdt ldi la tu tudng "dam danh, quydt danh va bidt dSiih thing".
Thudng xuyen quan trilt tinh hinh, nhiem vu, iam cho bd ddi phan biet rd va nhan thflc sau sic vl ddi tugng, dd'i tac.
Nam chle tinh hinh, chu ddng xfl Iy cd bilu qua cac trah hudng, khdng dl bj ddng, bat ngd; vfla kien quydt, khdn kheo ttong dau ttanh bao vl chu quyin biln, dao, vfla gifl vflng mdi trudng hoa binh, dn dinh, khdng dl nudc ngoai tao cd, gay xung ddt trin biln •
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