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3 l 6 H i i V H
SAN XUAT GIDNG NGO DK6919 CHUYEN BOI TiJ PAT TRONG LUA KEM HIEU OU,
AN KKUVtN NONG:
"€« Ddi DAt lUA KEM HIEU OUA I "ANG CAO GIA IRI GIA IANG
T NONG NGHIEP
Md HiNH SAN XUAT
G | 6 N G N G OB06, DK6919 TRgN D X T T R 6 N G LUA KEM Hl|U QUA
Le Van Vinh, Nguyen Dire Anh va CS
I. DAT VAN DE
Nghe An la tinh c6 dien tich trong lua Ion (khoang 186.100ha), nang suit dat 52,2 t ^ a , san lugng dat 970.900 tSn/nam (Tong cue Thong ke, 2013). Tuy nhien, trong do cd khoang 12.OOOha diSn tich trdng Iiia kem hiSu qua, chu yeu dua vao nude trdi, khdng chli dgng tudi tieu, nang suit rit thip (25-35 t ^ a ) , cd nhihig dien tich chi san xuat lua dugc 1 vu/nam, cfaii yeu tap trung a cac vimg trung du va mien niii nhu huyen Con Cudng, Tuong Duong, Quy Hgp, Quy Chau, Tan Ky, YJf Son, YSn Thanh, Thanh Chuang, Anh Son. Mac dii nhiing nam qua, cac dia phuong nay da dua cic gi6ng liia chiu han, Ilia can co tiem nang nang suat kha nhu LC93-2, LC93-1, CH207, CH208 vao san xu3t nhung hang nam chi mdi dap ung 50- 70% nhu cSu lucmg thuc cho con ngudi va nginh chan nudi. Thieu luong thuc, thieu
viec lam, dan den ngudi dan vao riing khai thac bira bai, khdng hgp ly, anh hudng tdi mdi trudng sinh thai.
Mat khac, Nghe An cd dien tich san xuat ngd ciing nhu nhu cau su dung ngd cho chan nudi, che bien thiic an gia siic tuong doi Ion. Dl gdp phan tang san lugng ngd theo Chien luge phat trien cay ngd cua Bg Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn, la phin diu din nam 2020, san lugng ngd cua 'N^et Nam dat 8-9 trieu tin nhim dam bao cung cap dii nguyen lieu cho che bien thuc an chan nudi va cac nhu cau khac troi^ nuoc, timg buoc tham gia xuat khau, ciing nhu nhu cau tieu thu ngd cua dia phuong, ngoai viec ap dung tiin bd ky thuat moi (gidng, ky thuat canh tac) vao san xuat dl tang nang suit thi can phai md rdng diSn tich san xuat ngo, dac biSt la trdng ngd tren nhiing diSn tich canh tac liia khdng chii dgng nuoc, kem hieu qua (55.800ha, sd heu nam 2013).
Xuat phat tu nhung ly do do, viec thuc hien du an
"Xdy dung mo hinh chuyen doi ddt lua kem hieu qud san^ trdng ngo nhdm ndng cao gid tri gia tdng trong sdn xudt nong nghiep " la rat can thiit va y nghia.
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KH-CN Neh6 An 11]
H O A T D O N G KH-CN
II. VAT LIEU, NOI DUNG VAPmrONG PHAPTHV*CHEEN
1. Vat lifiu
Gidiig ngd B06, pK6919, CP888 (ddi chiing).
+ DK6919 la gidng ngd lai nhap khau tir Hoa Ky, da dugc Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat triln ndng thon cdng nhan theo Quylt dinh sd 168/QD-TT- CLT ngay 14/5/2012. Voi dac tinh chdng han, chiu ret va chdng chiu sau benh tot, chiu trdng day, cho nang suit cao (8-10 tin/ha), dac biet la CO thdi gian sinh trudng ngin, nen DK6919 rat thich hgp dl trdng tham canh, tang vu va trdng trong vu ddng.
+ Gidng ngd B06 la gidng lai don cai tiin cd ngudn gdc tir Philippm dugc dua vao marig ludi khao nghiSm ngd qudc gia tir nam 2004 din nay, dugc Bg Nong nghiep va Phat triln ndng thdn cdng nhan cho san xuit thir nam 2006. Dac tinh ciia gidng B06 la co thdi gian sinh trudng (d phia Bic) vu xuan tir 105-115 ngay, vu thu dong tu 95-105 ngay; thip cay, chilu cao cay 180-200cm, cao ddng hip 80-lOOcm, dang cay ggn, la dung mau xanh dam, ben den liic thu hoach; bap rat ddng deu, dai 16-18cm, cd 12-14 hang hat, 38-44 hat/hang, nang suat tnmg binh dat 60-80 ta/ha, nang suat cao cd the dattdill0-130ta/ha.
2. Thoi gian Vu xuan 2014.
3. Dia diem
Tai xa Phiic Thanh va xa Lang Thanh, huyen Yen Thanh, tinh Nghe An.
4. Phirong phap b6 tri va triSn khai a. Phmmgphdp bo tri
Md hinh bd tri khoang c^h hang: 70 x 40cni, ciiy each cay 25cm, gieo 1 hat tren mgt hoc (n4t dp 7 van cay/m^).
b. Phdn ton
Lugng phan: 10 tin phan chuong + 400kg dam Ure + isOOkg Supe lan + 200kg Kali Clorua.
Cach bdn: Bdn Idt toan bo phan chudng + lan + vdi; Bon thiic lin 1 khi ngd 3-4 la: 1/3 dfim + 1/2 Kali; Bdn thiic lin 2 khi ngd 7-9 la: 1/3 dam + 1/2 Kali; Bon thiic lan 3 khi ngo xoan non: 1/3 dam.
c. Chitiiu theo doi vd ddnh gid
Theo ddi thoi gian sinh tmong va dac fiem hinh thai; Danh gia kha nang chdng chiu vdi di§u kien ngoai canh va sSu b^nh hai chinh; Cac yeu to du thanh nang suat va nang suat.
Cac chi tieu theo d5i, danh gia va cham sdc theo quy chuin k^ thuat qudc gia ve khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va sii dung cua gidng ngd (QCVNOl-56:
2011/BNNPTNf).
m . KET QUA THlTC HIEN
1. Cac chi tieu vl sinh tnrong va phat triin Trong vu xuan 2014, tai xa Phiic Thanh vk L&ng Thanh, md hinh san xuat gidng ngd B06 co thcri gian sinh tnrong 107 ngay, gidng DK6919 cd thdi gian sinh trudng la 105 ngay, khdng cd sir sai khac Idn so vdi rudng san xuat dai tra gidng CP888 (103- 104 ngay). Gidng ngd B06, DK6919 cd trang Mi cay, trai^ thai bip (diem 2-2,5) tdt hon so vdi giong CP888 6 san xuit dai trk (dilm 3).
Bang 1. Cac chi tieu sinh tnr&ng va hinh thai .—- Dia phirong
Chi tieu —^ _ _ _ _ ^ _ ^ Thai gian tro ca
Thai gian tung phan Thai gian phun rau Thai gian sinh tmong Chieu cao cay (cm) Chieu cao dong bap (cm) Trang thai cay (diem tir 1-5) Trang thai bSp (diem tir 1-5)
Xa Lang Thanh DK6919
58 60 61 105 208 104 2 2,5
CP888 58 59 60 103 198,1
89,2 3 3,0
Xa Fhiic Thanh B06
58 59 61 107 186,1 112,9 2 2,5
CP888 58 59 61 104 192,1
87,3 3 3,0 (Ghi chit: CP888 la gidng dupe dia phuang sdn xudt dgi tra)
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KH-CN NEh# An ' '
HOATDONG KH-CN
2. Kha nang chong chiu vdi dieu Iden i^oai canh va mot so sau benh hai chinh
Trong vu xuan 2014, md hinh san xuat gidng ngd B06 va DK6919 gay than (dilm 2) kha hon CP888
(dilm 3). Gidng ngd DK6919 do rl d miic 20%, nhe hon so vdi gidng CP888 6 san xuat dai tra. Gidng DK6919, B06 nhilm sau due than, sau due bap, benh khd vin gay hai tuong duong CP888 (diem 1 va 2).
Bang 2. Kha nang chong chiu v ^ dieu kien ngoai canh va sau benh hai chinh -—_,____^ Dja phirong
Chi tieu " ^—______^
Gay than (diem tu 1-5) Do rl (%)
Sau due than (diem tu 1-5) B?nh kho vSn (%) B^nh d6m la lan (dilm 1-5)
Xa Lang Thanh DK6919
2 20 2 3 1
CP888 3 25 2 5 2
Xa Phuc Thanh B06
2 10 2 5 1
CP888 2 15 2 5 3
(Ghi chu: CP888 Id giong duac dia phuong sdn xudt dgi trd) 3. Nang suat va cac yeu to cau thanh nang suat
Tgi xa Lang Thanh, gidng DK6919 dat khoi luong bap/d (lOm^) la 11,6kg; cao hon gidng CP888 6 rudng san xuat dai tra la 3,1kg. Tai xa Phiic Thanh, gidng ngd B06 dat khoi lugng bip tuoi 10,6kg; cao hon gidng CP888 d rugng san xuat dai tra la 2,2kg. Gidng DK6919 va B06 co sd hang sd hat cao hon
gidng CP888 lin lugt la 2,2 va 4 hang, sd hat cao hon la 4-5 hat.
Tai xa Lang Thanh, gidng DK6919 dat nang suat 76,05 ta/ha, cao hon gidng CP888 d rudng san xuat dai tra la 23,2 ta/ha. Tai xa Phiic Thanh, gidng B06 dat nang suat thuc thu 63,17 ta/ha, trong khi do giong ngd CP888 d rupng san xuat dai tra chi dat 50,97 ta/ha.
Bang 3. Cac yeu t6 cau thanh nang suat va nang suat ngd Dia phirong
Chi tieu ' — -_____^
Po(kg/10m2) So hang/bap So hat/hang DQ am hat Ty If hat/bap Nang suSt TT (ta/ha)
Xa Lang Thanh DK6919
11,6 14,4 36,5 27,04 77,51 76,05
CP888 8,5 10,4 32,5 28,7 75,00 52,85
Xa Phuc Thanh B06
10,6 12,8 36,8 31,4 74,9 63,17
CP888 8,2 10,6 31,8 29,1 76,04 50,97 (Ghi chii: CP888 Id gidng duac dia phucmg sdn xudt dgi trd) 4. Danh gia hieu qua kinh te mo hinh san xuat
giong ngo B06 vi DK6919 4.1. Tai xd Lang Thanh
a. Hieu qud trong ngo so vai trong lua Mo hinh san xuat gidng ngo DK6919 trong vu xuan 2014 tai xa Lang Thanh thu dugc 47,151 trieu dong/ha, cho lgi nhuan 17,851 trieu
ddng/ha. So vdi san xuat gidng liia KD18 d vu xuan 2013 chi dat nang suat 34 ta/ha, cho tdng thu la 22,1 trieu ddng/ha, trong khi do phai chi phi cao do phai bom nude nhieu va cac khau cham sdc khac deu cao hon san xuat liia d nhiing noi khac nen hieu qua kinh te thip (lo 0,86 trieu ddng/ha).
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KH-CN Nehe An [3]
HOAT flONG KH-CN
b. Ve gidng ngo
So vai gidng CP888, san xuit gidng ngd mdi DK6919 cho nang suit cao han 23,2 ta/ha, cho lgi nhuan cao hon 4,167 trieu ddng/ha.
4.2. TgixaPhuc Thdnh
a. Hieu qud trong ngo so vai trong lua Md hinh chuyen ddi sang san xuat gidng ngd B06 trong vu xuan 2014 dat nang su^t 63,17 ta/ha, thu dugc 39,165 hieu ddng/ha, lai thuan dat 10,665 trieu ddng/ha. So vdi trdng giong liia KD18 trong vu xuan 2013 chi dat nang suat 35 ta/ha, thu duoc 22,75 trieu/ha, khdng dem lai lgi nhuan ma cdn 16 0,21 trieu ddng/ha.
b. Ve giong ngo
Trdng gidng ngd B06 cho nang suat 63,17 ta/ha, thu dugc 39,165 trieu ddng/ha, cho lgi nhuan 10,66 tri§u ddng/ha; trong khi dd san xuat dai tra gidng CP888 cho nang suit chi dat 50,97 ta/ha, thu dugc 31,601 trieu ddng/ha, lgi nhuan 3 trieu ddng/ha.
Tai Ii§u tham khao
IV. K E T L U ^ V A D E NGHI 1. Ket luan
Chuyin ddi tic dat trdng liia kem hieu qud sang trdng ngd tai 2 xa Lang Thanh va Phiic Thanh cho hieu qua cao hon so vdi trdng Iiia, dat lgi nhuan cao tir 10,66-17,85 trieu ddng/ha. Cac gidng ngd mcfi DK6919 va B06 cho nang suat, lgi nhuan cao hon so voi gidng ngd CP888 dang san xuat dai tr^ tai Lang Tlianh lan lugt la 23,2 ta/ha va 4,16 trieu ddng/ha; tai Phiic Thanh lan lugt la 12,2 ta /ha, 7,66 trieu ddng/ha.
2. De nghi
- De nghi dia phuong tham gia du an va cac dia phuong khac nhan rong md hinh san xuat ngd tren dien tich san xuat liia kem hieu qua.
- De nghi Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien nong thdn; co quan chii tri du an tiep tuc trien khai l^
cac dia phuang khac cua tinh trong nhiing nam tiep theo./.
1. Phan Xuan Hlo (2007), Vdn de mat do va khoang each trdng ngo, Tap chi Nong nghiSp va Phdt triln nong thdn, 16/2007.
2. Iran Van Minh, Cdy ngd nghien cmi va san xudt, Nxb Nong nghiep Ha N5i, 2004.
3. Ng6 Huu Tinh, Cdy ngo, Nxb Nghe An, 2003.
4. Vien Nghien ciru Ngo, Ket qua nghien cicu khoa hoc giai doan 2006-2010, Nxb Nong nghiep, H^ Ngi, 2010.
5. Vien Khoa hpc Nong nghiep Viet Nam (VAAS), Tdng kit khoa hpc cong nghe nam 2008, Nxb Nong Nghiep H^Ngi, 2009.
6. Vi6n Khoa hgc ky thuat nong tighiep BSc Trung Bg, Kit qua tuydn chon gidng ngo ngdn ngay nang suat cao chai lu(xng tdt thich hap viing sinh thdi Bdc Trung Bo. 2009-2011.
7. http://wcag.mard gov.vn/pages/news.
8. http.//www.osg.gov.vn.
9. http.//www.vass.gov.vn.
10. http://www,nhandan.com.vn/xahoi/tin-tuc.
11.http://binhdien.com/dong-hanh-cung-nha-nong/thong-tin-nha-nong/nang-cao-hieu-qua-kinh-te-tren-dat-lua.
12. http//www.FAOSTAT.
13. http//www.CIMMYT.org.
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KH-CN NEhe An *
