iS
CAC KHIA CANH TRONG D A N H G I A
CUA NGUOI LAO DONG VE
sy CONG B A N G TRONG TO C H Q C vA NHONG YEU TO ANH HU6NG
TS. BOi Thi Hong Thai HVCH.Virong Thj Thuy
Khoa Tdm ly hpc, Trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc XJ hoi vd Nhdn vdn, Dgi hpc Qudc gia Hd Npi
> TOM TAX
Tren ca sd ddnh gid cua 350 khdch the Id nhiing ngu&i lao dpng a tinh Bac Ninh vi su cdng bdng trong td chuc, nhdm tdc gid chi ra bdn khia cgnh la su cdng bdng vi thu nhdp, cdng bang ve thu tuc hdnh chinh, cong bdng vi quan hi (vdi cdp tren) vd cdng bdng trong tiep can thdng tin. Cdng lan tuoi cdng cd thdm nien cong tdc lau ndm, muc luang cdng cao vd cdng viec cdng virng chdc, ngu&i lao dong cdng ddnh gid tich cue cd bon khia cgnh ndy. Ben cgnh do, khi to chicc cdng thira nhdn nhieng ddng gdp cua ngu&i lao dpng vd ngu&i qudn ly true tiip cdng thi hien su giiip dd nguai lao dong trong cdng viec thi nhiing ddnh gid cua ngu&i lao dpng vi su cong bdng trong to chuc cdng tich cue.
Tu" khoa: Cong bdng trong td chuc; Ngudi lao dpng.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 29/9/2015; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/10/2015.
1. Mot so van de ve s u cdng bang trong to chirc
Cong bang trong to chiic la khai niem da d u g c nghien ciiu tir nhiing nam 1961 tren the gioi. Tuy nhien, trong lmh vuc T a m ly hpc a Viet Nam lai kha v i n g bong nhung nghien ciiu ve van de nay. Theo Beugre (1998), "Danh gia cua nguoi lao dpng ve su cong bang trong t6 chiic la tri giac ve sir tuong xiing giiia nhiing trao doi trong to chiic lao dpng, xet ca ve khia canh kinh te va xa hpi. Sir cong bang gan nguai Iao dpng vao moi quan he v a i cap tren, cap duai, ddng nghiep va to chiic nhu mgt he thong xa h p i " [ d i n theo 2 ] .
Cropanzano va cpng su (2001) cho rang, co ba huong tiSp can noi tiep nhau v l tung khia canh dac thu cua su cong bSng trong t6 chiic. H u o n g tiep can dau tien lien quan d i n khia canh cong bSng v l thu nh$p, dupc khai xuong
74 '^ <' TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, S6' 11 (200), 11 - 2015
tir ly thuygt vg su cong bang cua Adams (1965). Theo do, nguoi lao dpng nhin cac m6i quan hg trong cong viec nhu nhOng trao doi xa hoi. Nhung trao doi nay van hanh dua trgn nhung gi nguoi lao dpng dSu tu/dong gop cho to chiic va hp cho doi nhan lai t i t6 chiic. Dg danh gia su cong bang vg thu nhap, ngucri lao ddng dua hgn hai khia canh, do la so sanh nhung gi to chiic mang lai cho hp voi nhung gi ho da c6ng hign va so sanh nhilng gi hp dugc nhan so voi cac dong nghigp khac. Huong tigp can thii hai xuat phat tit nhttng nghign ciiu trong linh virc Lu?t hpc cua Thibaut va Walker (1975). Cac tac gia nhu Leventhal (1980) hay Lind va Tyler (1988) chii trpng dgn khia canh cong bang nhin tir nhung thii tuc, each thirc ma to chuc sii dung dg dua ra cac quygt dinh gan voi quygn Ipi cua nguoi lao dpng. Khia canh nay dupc gpi la cong bang ve thii tuc hanh chinh. Huong tigp can thir ba g^n vol tgn tuoi cua cac tac gia Bies va Moag (1986). Hp khoi xuong viec nghign ciru sir cong bang trong to chirc tu nhung moi tuong tac lien ca nhan. Digu nay lign quan toi danh gia cua nguoi lao dpng ve each thirc ma nguoi quan ly cu xii voi nhan vign cua hp. Khia canh nay sau do da dupc Colquitt (2001) chia thanh hai tigu khia canh la su cong bang vg moi quan he (lien quan dgn nhimg tieu chi danh gia nguoi quan ly trong quan he voi nhan vign nhu thg hien sir ton trpng nhan vign, cu xir mpt each hch su voi nhan vign) - day thuc chSt la su cong bSng trong moi quan he con nguoi gitta nguoi quan ly va nguoi lao dSng; va su cong bang vg kha nang tigp can thong tin (lien quan dgn su thang than, chan thanh va minh bach trong viec cung cip thong tin cho nhan vign vg nhimg quyet dinh lign quan dgn hp) - day thuc chat la su cong bang hong m6i quan he iighg nghigp gitta nguoi quan ly va nguai lao dpng [din theo 3]. Trong quan digm nghien ciiu hien nay, cac tac gia cho r5ng, ca bon khia canh danh gia vg su cong bang ngu hen dgu quan hrpng va dg higu dupc trpn ven sur cong blng trong t6 chirc doi hoi nha nghien Cliu phai chu y dflng thai dgn ca bon khia canh nay.
Tigp nhan nhirng quan digm nghign ciiu noi tren, hong bai bao nay, chiing toi phan tich danh gia cua nguoi lao dpng ttong mau nghign ciru ve cac khia canh thu nhap, thu tuc hanh chinh, m6i quan he, tigp can thong tin va nhttng ygu t6 anh huong toi danh gia cua hp.
2. Phu-OTig phap va gia thuyet nghign ciiu
Khao sat dupc tign hanh trgn 350 khach thg la nguoi lao dpng thupc tinh Bac Ninh v6i 57,7% la nam gioi va 42,3% la ntt gidi. Trinh dg hpc vin cua hg duac phSn b6 theo ty lg: 44,9% s6 nguoi co trinh do cao dang; 48,9%) - co trinh do dai hgc va 6,3% - co trinh dp sau dai hpc. Tuoi trung binh chung ciia cac khach thg la 31,7 tu6i va trung binh chung tham nign cong tac la 8,1 nam. Cac khach thg t$p trung phin ldn a cac don vi Nha nuac - chigm 64,3%; tigp do la (ton vi lign doanh - chigm 18,6% va don vi tu nhan - chigm 17,1%. Hp lam
T,!iPCHiTAM LfHOC, So' 11 (200), 11 - 2015 75
viec trong cac ITnh vuc: Nghign cim va giang day - 21,4%; an ninh quoc phong - 21,1%; y tg - 17,2%; kinh tg - 15,2%; quan 1^ hanh chinh - 13,5% va ky thuat -11,6%.
Thang do danh gia vg sir cong bang trong 16 chirc gom 20 items vdi thigt kg dang Likert 4 bac dupc ap dung nhim xem xet mirc dp danh gia ciia ngudi lao dpng vg su cong bing trong lao dpng nhin tit bdn khia canh ma chiing toi da trinh bay d trgn. Bigm ttung binh cua item va thang do cang cao cho thay miic do danh gia cua ngudi lao dpng cang tich cue va ngugc lai. Npi dung va he s6 Cronbach's Alpha cua thang do dugc trinh bay d bang 1.
Bang 1: Npi dung thang do ddnh gid vi su cong bdng trong td chiic ciia ngu&i lao dpng
Thang do'"
Cong bang ve thu nhap a - 0,854
Cong bang ve thu tuc hinh chinh
a = 0,749
Cong bang ve moi quan he
a = 0,753 '
N$i dung cac item
1. Miic luong cua toi phu hop vai cong siic toi dau ui cho cong viec
2. Muc lirong ciia toi cao hem so vai d6ng nghiep lam vi^c o cac CO quan khac
3. Nhin chung, toi hai long ve miic luong ciia minh 4. Toi cho rang chinh sach luong trong ca quan toi la tot 5. Toi co ca hpi bay to y kien va cam xue ca nhan ve nhu'ng quyet dinh lien quan den minh
6. Cac quygt dinh liSn quan d6n toi khdng bj chi phli bai dinh kien cua nguoi ra quyet dinh
7. Cac quyet dinh trong cong viec luon duac ap dung mgt each giong nhau voi moi nhan vien
8. Cac quyet dinh lien quan den toi luon tuan theo dao diic nghe nghiep
9. Cac quylt dinh lien quan den toi dam bao quyen lgi lao dong ciia toi
10. Toi CO thi it nhilu gay anh huang den nhung quyet dinh lien quan den toi
11. Toi dugc quyen khieu nai hoac phan doi nhifng quyet dinh cua cap tren doi vcf'i minh
12. cap tren cu xii vdi toi mQt each lich sy 13. Cap tren the hien su ton trong toi
14. CSp tren tranh nhan xet hoac binh phSm khong tit vh toi 15. CSp tren cu xu voi toi co tinh nghTa
76 TAP CHf TAM Vf HOC, Sd' 11 (200), 11 - 2015
C6ng bang ve tiep can thong tin
a = 0,906
16. Cgp tren luon co str trao d6i chan thanh vai toi 17. CSp tren luon giai thich vdi toi mot each cy the ve cac quylt dinh iien quan d€n toi
18. dp tren co nhirng giai thich hgp ly ve each thiic dira ra quygt djnh lien quan den toi
19. Cap tren trao doi voi toi nhihig thong tin chi tiet ve cong viec lien quan den toi
20. Cap tren dap ung mong muon duac trao doi mgt each thing than vgi nhan vien dira theo nhu cau cCia tung ngugi Ngoai ra, chiing toi cOng tham khao cd chpn Igc va su dung mgt sd thang do sau:
- Thang do 4 item vg sir thira nhan ciia to chiic ddi vdi ngudi lao dpng:
Co quan thira nhan nhilng ddng gdp cua tdi cho thanh tich chung cua co quan;
CO quan quan tam dgn vdn dg phiic lgi lao dgng ciia tdi; co quan chu y den nhiing muc dich va gia tti lao ddng ciia tdi va co quan it nhigu thg hien su tu hao ve nhihig thanh qua ciia tdi trong cdng viec (thang do cd he so Cronbach's Alpha la a = 0,883).
Thang do 4 item vg su giiip dd cua ngudi quan ly true tigp ddi vdi ngudi lao dpng: Cap tren luon tao digu kien thuan Igi dg giup tdi thuc hien cdng viec ciia minh tdt nhat cd thg; cap trgn ludn giiip cho cdng viec cua tdi thuan lgi nhSt cd thg; cip tren ton ttgng nhung y kign eua tgi trong cdng viec va cip tren sin sang giiip dd khi toi cd khd khan trong cdng viec (vdi he sd Cronbach's Alpha la a = 0,872)*^'.
Hai thang do ttgn ciing dupc thigt kg dang Likert 4 bac. Digm trung binh cang ldn cho thSy cam nhan cua ngudi lao dgng vg su thira nhan cua to chiic va sir giiip do ciia ngudi quan ly tnrc tigp cang tich cue va ngugc lai.
Sd lieu digu tta dupc xii ly bang phan mgm SPSS 16.0 gdm cac phep tinh digm trung binh; so sanh cac gia tti trung binh bang phep phan tich t-test va phep phan tich phuang sai One way Anova; tim mdi tuong quan giiia hai bign qua he s5 r Pearson.
Gia thuygt nghign ciiu la: 1/ Ngudi lao dgng tudi cang cao, tham nign cdng tac va miic luang cang cao, vi tti cong viec cang chac chan thi danh gia cda hg vg su cdng bang trong td chiic cang tich cue; 2/ Sir thira nhan ngudi lao ddng cila td chiic va su giiip dd cua ngudi quan ly ttTtc tiep ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng cang ldn thi danh gia cua ngudi lao dpng vg sir cdng bang ttong td chiic cang tich cue.
TAP CHi TAM ly HOC, Sd 11 (200), 11-2015 77
3. Ket qua nghien cihi
3.1. Ddnh gid cua ngir&i lao dpng vi cdc khia cgnh cua su cong bang trong to chuc
S6 lieu dieu tra dirge trinh bay 6 bieu do 1 chi ra rSng, trong bon khia canh danh gia vh sir cong bang trong to chiic, khach ihi nghien cuu danh gia thdp nhdt khia canh c6ng bang ve thu nhap (DTB = 2,60), tiep do la khia canh cong bdng v^ cae thii tuc hanh chinh (DTB = 2,83), khia canh cong bdng ve m6i quan "he (DTB = 2,98) va hp danh gia cao nhat khia eanh cong bang vk tiep can thong tin (DTB = 3,05).
Cong being ve thu Cong bdng vethCi Congbang vemoj Cong bang ve tiep nhap tuc hanh chpnh quan he can thong tin
Bieu do 1: Diem trung binh ddnh gid ciia ngu&i lao dpng vi tieng khia cgnh cua si^ cong bdng trong to chuc
Neu tinh theo diem trung binh chung (2,87) va do lech chuan (0,56) cua toan thang do thi ca bon khia canh danh gia tren deu thuoc miic chuan. NghTa la, du CO khac biet nhung diem danh gia cua ca bon khia canh van dugc x6p chung m6t hang. Tuy nhien, khong kho dk chiing ta nhan thdy rdng dii nam chung mot hang thi su each biet giua diem cua khia canh nay voi diem ciia khia eanh khac la kha Ion.
Trong nghien cmi nay, miic luong trung binh cua cac khach the la 7 trieu dong/thang. Ket qua danh gia su cong bang ve thu nhap a vi tri thap nhat trong so bon khia canh ciia sir cong bdng cho thay, khach the dan nghieng ve danh gia it tich cue phuong dien thu nhap ciia ban than. Ket qua nay ggi nho dkn khao sat ciia Cong ty Tuyin dung true tuy6n Vietnamwork (2015). Theo do, 54% s6 nguoi lao dong trong khao sat cho rdng, miic luotig ciia hg la ehua thoa dang so voi nh&ng gi hg dong gop cho t6 chiic lao dong [II]. Trong lao
78 TAPCHITAMLYHQC, SO'11 (200), 11 - 2015
ddng, van dg tign luong ludn la mdt trong nhilng ygu td gay ngn nhimg do du hay nhirng quygt dinh lign quan dgn vigc gin bd hay rdi bd to chirc cua ngudi lao ddng. Khi ngudi lao ddng nhin nhan nhirng ddng gdp ciia hg chua dupe thira nhan mdt each hgp ly (thdng qua thu nhap) hay hg danh gia su cdng bang ve thu nhap trong td churc hp lam viec chua cao, digu nay cd thg gay anh hudng dgn hieu qua lao dpng va nhimg tinh cam gan bd vdi td chirc cua hg.
Dang luu y la ca hai khia canh cdng bang vg mdi quan he va cdng bang vg tiep can thdng tin dgu dugc cac khach thg trong nghien ciiu nay danh gia tich cue hon ca. Nhu chiing toi da ttinh bay d phan ly thuyet, hai khia canh nay gan vdi nhan dinh cua ngudi lao ddng vg ngudi quan ly true tigp ciia hp. Viec danh gia cao hai khia canh nay cho thay, du la mdi quan he con ngudi hay la moi quan he nghg nghigp thi ngudi quan ly true tigp da cho ngudi lao dpng cam nhan vg viee hp dugc tdn trpng, hp duoc ddi xu mpt each cdng bing va van minh. Cd dugc kgt qua nay cd thg la do cac td chirc lao dpng hien nay da chii ttpng nhigu han dgn viee xay dung van hda ttong lao ddng, trong dd cd ca khia canh quan he giu'a ngudi quan ly va nhan vign. Rat nhigu nghign ciiu dgu chi ra tam quan trpng eiia nhirng mdi lign he lign nhan each ttong td chiic ddi vdi sir gan bd vdi td ehiic hay du dinh rdi bd td chu:c ciing nhu ddi vdi sire khde cua ngudi lao dpng. Theo dd, khi ngudi lao dpng cang cam nhan tich cue vg cac mdi quan hg trong td chiic, dac biet la mdi quan he vdi ngudi quan ly thi miie dp trung thanh vdi to chirc cua hp cang Idn [dan theo 1].
3.2. Nhitng yiu id dnh hirdng din ddnh gid cUa ngir&i lao dpng vi sir cong bdng trong td chiic
Trong xem xet nhihig danh | i a cua ngudi lao dgng vg su cong bang ttong td chii-e, khdng thg khdng nhic dgn nhilng ygu t6 thugc ve ngudi lao ddng va nhilng ygu td gin vdi td chirc. Tim higu nhirng yeu td dnh hu&ng tit nguai lao dpng dgn su danh gia eua hg, kgt qua khao sat cho thay tuoi, tham nien cdng tac, mirc lucmg va loai hpp ddng lao ddng (yd thdi han hoac cd thdi ban) cd anh hudng dgn mirc dp danh gia vg su cdng bing trong td chiic d mpi khia canh.
S6 lieu d bang 2 cho thay cd mdi tuong quan thuan giiia tudi ddi vdi danh gia cua ngudi lao ddng d ca bdn khia canh cua sir edng bang. Ngudi lao dpng tudi cang cao cang cd xu hudng danh gia tich cue mgi khia canh ciia su cdng bing trong td chirc. Digu nay dugc eac tae gia nhu Russ va Mc Neilly (1995) giai thieh ring, cip tren thudng "ngai" nhilng nhan vign ldn tudi ngn it chg ttach hg hon va cang ldn tudi, kha nang gan bd vdi td chiic cUa ngudi lao dpng cang ldn. Do dd, ngudi lao dOng Idn tudi it g^p phai nhilng vin dg lign quan dgn thd tuc hanh chinh hay mdi quan he vdi cip trgn. Digu nay khign hg
TAPCHlTAMLfHOCSdll (200), 11-2015 79
it nhin thiy su bit cdng hon so vdi cae ddng nghigp trg tudi [din theo 8]. Bgn canh dd, tudi ddi cao cung la ygu td giiip cho thu nhap cua hg tang cao so vdi khi cdn tte nen hg ciing cam nhan khia canh cdng bing vg thu nhap mgt each tieh cue hon so vdi ngudi tre tudi. Tuy nhien, sir anh hudng cua tudi ddi dgn danh gia cua ngudi lao ddng vg su cdng bang la ygu (he sd tuang quan r dao dpng tir 0,19 dgn 0,262).
Bang 2: Anh huang cita cdc dgc dlim ciia nguai lao dpng (tudi thdm niin cong tdc vd mite luong) dot vol ddnh gid ve su cong bdng trong to chirc Cac khia canh danh gia
sir cong bang Cong bang ve thu nh^p Cong bang ve thu tuc hanh chinh
Cong bang ve quan he Cong bang ve tiep can thong tin
Tu6i r = 0,257***
r = 0,262***
r = 0,190***
r = 0,251***
Tham nien cong t^c r-0,248***
r = 0,314***
r=0,268***
r = 0,318***
Mirc lyong r = 0,381***
r = 0,225**
r = 0,115*
r = 0,150**
Chil thich: **/> < 0,01; ***p < 0,001.
Tuang tu nhu vay, kgt qua nghien ciru eiing chi ra ring, d mpi khia canh danh gia, ngudi lao ddng cd tham nien edng tac cang cao thi danh gia cua hp vg su cdng bang cang tich cue (he sd tuang quan r di tir 0,248 dgn 0,318). Cd thg oang gin bo vdi td chiic, ngudi lao dpng cang dugc cai thien vg mgi khia canh tir uy tin dgn su thira nhan ciia td chirc, ciing nhu bau khdng khi trong lao ddng; do dd, nhilng danh gia cua ngudi cd tham nien edng tae lau nam ludn tich cue hon so vdi nhirng ngudi mdi lam viec. Tuy nhign, ttong nghign ciiu cua Nadia va Zeineb (2014), tham nien cong tae ciia ngudi lao dpng ehi cd mdi tuong quan thuan vdi danh gia su cdng bang vg thu nhap, nghla la thdi gian lam viec trong td chiic cang cao, mire luong eua ngudi lao ddng cang tang.
Trong khi dd, cac tae gia phat hien rang, viee gan bd lau dai vdi td chiic iai khien ngudi lao dgng mat nigm tin vao su cdng bang vg thd tuc hanh chinh. Ly giai digu nay, cac tae gia cho rang, do nhung ngudi lam viec lau nam cd nhieu higu bigt vg Ii do va each thiie mdi mdt quygt dinh cda cap trgn dugc dua ra ddi vdi tirng nhan vign nen hp cang nhan thay su bit edng trong mdi quygt dinh dua ra ddi vdi ban than hg va trong so sanh gida cac nhan vign khac nhau [dan theo 5]. Trong khi dd, nghien ciru cua chung tdi cho thiy tham nien cdng tae ed mdi hrong quan thuan d mure kha manh vol danh gia sir cdng bang vg thu tuc hanh chinh (r = 0,314). Su khac biet ttong kgt qua giOa hai nghien ciiu ed thg
TAP CHI TAM If HOC, Sd 11 (200), 11 - 2015
dupe giai thich tir dac digm van hda Omg xii cua ngudi Viet Nam. Dd la nhilng ngudi lao dpng gin bd Mu nam vdi td chirc thudng dugc danh gia eao vi thdi gian cdng hign, vi sir trung thanh vdi td chiie ngn hg cung cd co hdi dugc tao digu kien thuan lgi nhigu hon ttong cac quygt dinh cd lign quan den hg.
Cudi cung, ngudi lao dpng cang ed mu:c luong cao thi hp cang cd xu hudng danh gia tich cue vg sir cdng bang trong td chirc. Bang 2 chi ra rang mdi tuong quan giUa mile luong vdi danh gia sir cdng bang vg thu nhap (r = 0,381) la d miic kha manh. Trong khi dd, mirc luong cua ngudi lao ddng chi cd mdi tuong quan ygu vdi cac khia canh danh gia khac (he sd r di tir 0,115 dgn 0,225). Digu nay cho thay, sir rd rang va khach quan ttong danh gia cua ngudi lao dpng. Mile luong eao cd thg khidn hp hai ldng vg khia eanh thu nhap nhung digu dd khdng ddng nghia la hp ciing hai long d mire tuong duang vdi cac khia canh khac ttong td chiie.
Xet theo loai hgp ddng lao ddng, kgt qua khao sat eho thay su khac biet ttong danh gia eua cae khaeh the theo su dn dinh hay khdng dn dinh vg vi tri cdng viec (bang 3).
Bdng 3: Anh huang cda logi hap ddng lao dong doi v&i ddnh gid vi sir cong bdng trong td chiic
Cac khia canh danh gia sir cong bang trong to chirc Cong bang ve thu nhap t,j47i= 5,385; p = 0,000 Cong bang ve thii tuc hanh chinh
1,34.1= 3 , l l l ; p = 0,001 Cong bang ve moi quan he
t„4„= 1,834; p = 0,04 Cgng blng ve tiSp can thong tin
t„4„= 2,638; p = 0,05
Loai hop dong lao dong Co thoi han
DTB 2,13 2,62 2,83 2,83
DLC 0,70 0,58 0,74 0,86
Vo thcri han DTB 2,70 2,87 3,01 3,10
DLC 0,76 0,57 0,66 0,72
Bang 3 cho thiy, ttong mpi khia canh danh gia, ngudi Iao ddng cd hgp ddng vd thdi ban ludn danh gia tich cue hon so vdi ngudi lao ddng lam viec theo hop ddng cd thdi ban. Cd le, vigc dat dugc mdt vi tri cdng viec dn djnh cflng ddng nghia vdi nhttag hudng lgi tir mgi gdc dp cua ngudi lao ddng. Ben canh dd, dg dat dugc hpp ddng lao ddng vd thdi han, ngudi lao ddng can trai qua nhigu thdi gian thii viec, lam viec vdi hgp ddng ngan han, hgp ddng dai
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 11 (200), 11 - 2015
han. Qua trinh nay, mdt mat, cho phep hp dupc nang din nhilng hudng Igi ttong to chiic (ygu td cd thg lam tang nhung danh gia vg su cdng bing ttong td chirc), ddng thdi nd cung cho phep hp ed trai nghiem dg tu digu ehinh ban than cho phil hgp vdi nhihig chuin muc cua td churc (ygu td lam cai thien each nhin nhSn vg su edng bang trong td churc).
Nhu vay, cac ket qua trinh bay d bang 2 va bang 3 cho phep chung tdi khing dinh gia thuygt 1 trong nghign ciiu.
Vg dnh huang cita to chiic doi vai ddnh gid ciia nguoi lao dpng vi sir cong bdng, hinh 1 cho thiy mdi tuong quan thuan vdi mirc dp manh va kha manh giUa viec thira nhan ngudi lao ddng cda td chirc va su giup da cua ngudi quan ly true tigp vdi danh gia eua ngudi lao ddng.
^ , _ _ ^ i O ; ^ 0.604***
/ Sir thira \ 1 nhan cua 1 V to chuc /
CB ve thu nhap
CB ve thu tuc hanh chinh
CB ve moi quan he
CB ve thong tin
r - 0,5S4***\._,___^
/ Su gltip \ / da ciia \ I quan ly j
\ tnrc tiep /
X/
Hinh 1: Anh hu&ng cua su thica nhdn cua to chuc vd su giup da cua ngu&i qudn ly true tiip den ddnh gid ve su cong bdng trong to chicc
So lieu 6 hinh 1 chi ra rang, sir thira nhan cua to chiic doi voi nguai lao dgng cang Ion thi danh gia cua hg ve sir cong bang trong lao dong cang tich cue, 6 mgi khia canh danh gia. He so tuong quan giiia hai yeu t6 nay di tir 0,443 den 0,619 cho thdy, viec t6 chiic ghi nhan nhiing c6ng hien ciia nguoi lao dgng, to ehiie quan tam den van de phiic lgi cua nguoi lao dgng va chii y den nhilng gia tri cua nguoi lao dgng giiip cho hg tang sir tin tuong vao su
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cdng bing d noi lam viec. Kgt qua nay da tirng dugc khang djnh ttong nghien eiiu cua eae tac gia Williams va Levy (2000) hay Erdogan va cdng sir (2001).
Cac tac gia chi ra ring, khi ngudi lao dpng hai long vg nhOng chinh saeh danh gia va nhan thiy td chiie thira nh?n nang lue eua hp thi cam nhan cua hg vg sir cdng bing trong td chiic se cao. Cac tac gia cung nhan manh ring, mdt he thdng danh gia tdt la he thdng cho phep ngudi lao dgng dugc quygn bigt va dugc quygn tham gia vao vigc xay dung nhirng tigu chi danh gia. Cd nhu thg thi nhtrng danh gia vg ngudi lao dpng ma td ehire dua ra mdi thuygt phue dugc hg va lam anh hudng mdt each tieh cue den each hp nhin nhan vg sir cdng bang ttpng td chirc. Khdng nhilng thg, viee thira nhan nd lire eua ngudi lao dpng mdt each dung din cdn giiip hg tang cudng miic dd tu danh gia ban than va ciim nhan vg su an toan trong mdi trudng lam viec [din theo 10, 4].
Tuong tu nhu v^y, khi ngudi lao ddng cang cam nhan rang ngudi quan Iy true tigp ludn tao digu kien thuan lgi cho cdng viec eua hg thi miic do danh gia vg sir cdng bang trong td ehire eua hg cang cao. He sd tuong quan r giiia cam nhan vg sir giilp dd cua ngudi quan ly true tigp vdi danh gia ve cac khia canh cdng bang ttong td chiic di tit 0,402 dgn 0,655 cho thiy siic anh hudng cua nhirng ygu td den tir ngudi quan ly true tigp la kha manh. Digu nay ndi Ign rang, vdi mpi loai hinh td churc va mpi tinh chSt cdng vice, thai dp giup da ciia ngudi quan ly true tigp ludn dupe nhin nhan la ygu td thuan Igi eho cdng viec, dong thdi cd anh hudng tieh cue dgn danh gia ciia ngudi lao ddng vg cdng viec va td chiie.
Nhflng kgt qua nay eho phep ehung tdi khang dinh gia thuygt 2, su thu-a nhan ngudi Iao ddng ciia t^ chirc va sir giup dd cua ngudi quan ly true tigp ddi vdi ngudi lao dpng cang ldn thi danh gia cua ngudi Iao ddng vg su cdng bang ttong td ehiie cang tich cue.
Trong sd nhilng ygu td anh hudng dgn danh gia cua ngudi lao dpng vg sir edng bing ttong td churc, cd thi ndi rang nhttng ygu td gan vdi ehinh sach eua td chirc hay thai dp trg giup, lam thuan lgi cho cdng viec ma ngudi quan ly true tigp tao ngn cd anh hudng manh me nhat dgn mgi khia eanh danh gia ciia ngudi lao ddng. Ngay ea thu nhap - mdt trong nhutig yeu td dugc ngudi lao ddng quan tam hang diu khi tim kigm va lira chgn mdt cdng viec ciing chi ed site anh hudng d miic ygu dgn cam nhan cua hp vg su cdng bing. Nhihig kgt qua ngu trgn nhin manh dgn tim quan trpng cua nhurng hgp tae tir phia td ehire trong viec nang cao thai dp tich cue eua ngudi lao ddng. Nhu vay, khi td chirc thg hien sir thira nhan ngudi lao dpng, tran ttpng nhung ddng gdp ma ngudi lao dpng mang lai va tao digu kien thuan lgi cho cdng viec cua hg thi digu nay cung thdc diy hieu qua edng viec, nigm say mg vdi edng viee va nhat la su trung thanh cua lao ddng ddi vdi td ehire.
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4. Ket luan
Danh gia ve sir cdng bing trong lao dpng cd thg xem la mot trong nhOng van dg dang dupe quan tam ttpng ITnh vuc lao ddng. Trong khudn khd mgt nghien eiiu nhd, nhtmg kgt qua ma chiing tdi trinh bay d ttgn tigp tuc ddng gdp vao sir khing dinh tinh bdn vOng eua nhflng ygu td anh hudng dgn danh gia vg su edng bang cua ngudi lao dpng ma cac tac gia di trude da khdi xudng nhu dac digm nhan khiu, nghg nghigp cua ngudi lao dpng, sir thira nhan va hd trg tir phia td chirc... Cae kgt qua cd thg dugc tham khao nhu mdt su djnh hudng vg chign lupc sir dung va doi dai vdi ngudi lao dpng trpng cac don vj lao dpng.
Bgn canh dd, chung tdi hy vpng rang, kgt qua nay se md ra nhung nghign curu mdi rdng hon va sau hon, khai thac nhihig anh hudng khdng chi tir phia td chuc ma ea tu dac diem tam ly cua ngudi lao ddng dg cung cap mdt sir danh gia tdng thg ban vg van de nay. Thdng qua do, eae kgt qua nghign cuu trong tuong lai se giiip tim ra nhflng ygu td anh hudng ldn nhat dg cd thg dua danh gia cua ngudi lao ddng vg td churc di theo hudng tich cyc nhat. Day la mgt ttong nhilng ygu td giup ngudi lao ddng mudn gan bd lau dai vdi td churc va can bang sue khde tam ly ttong cdng viec.
Chii thich
1. Ghi chli: Thang do cdng bang ve thu nhap dugc tham khao tir thang do ciia Price va Mueller (1986) [dan theo 7]. Cac khia canh con lai dugc tham khao tir thang do cua NiehoffvaMoorman (1993) [dan theo 6].
2. Hai thang do nay dugc din theo Vandenberghe va ddng nghigp (2004) [9].
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Akremi A.E., Ameur S.B., Role de la justice organisationnelle dans le processus de rupture du contratpsychologique, 16*™ conference de I'AGRH - Paris Dauphine - 15etl6Septembre2015.
2. Beugre C D . , Managing Fairness in organizations, Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1998.
3. Cropanzano R., Byme Z.S., Bobocel D.R., Rupp D.E., Moral virtues, fairness heuristics, social enlilies and olher denizens of organizational justice, Joumal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 58, 164 - 209, 2001.
4. Erdogan B., Kraimer M.L., Liden R.C., Procedural juslice as a two-dimensional construct, an examination in th performance appraisal conlext, Joumal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 37 (2), 205 - 222, 2001.
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5. Nadia B., Zeined A.M., Multidimensionnalite et determinants de la justice organisationnelle: Etude empirique dans le contexte tunisien. Papier de communica- tion, 2014.
6. Niehoff B., Moorman R., Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monotoring and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 36, N°3, 527 - 556, 1993.
7. Price J.L., Mueller C.W., Hanbook of organizational measurement, Marshfield, Pitman, 1986.
8. Russ F.A., Mc Neilly K., Links among satisfaction, commiment and turnover intentions: the moderating effect of experience, gender and performance, Joumal of Business Research, Vol. 34, 57 - 65, 1995.
9. Vandenberghe C , De Keyser V., Vlecrick P., D'hoore W., Changements organisationnels.
stress des employes et satisfaction des clients: Emergence du concept de flexihealth.
Politique scientifique federale, 2004.
10. Williams J.R., Levy P.E., Investigating some neglected criteria: the influence of organizational level and perceived system knowledge on appraisal reactions, Joumal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 14, 501 - 513, 2000.
11. http://www.giadinhvn.vn/54-nhan-vien-khong-hai-long-voi-muc-luong-hien-tai- d59107.html. Truy cap ngay 10/8/2015.
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