Wghiiti euu - Qrafr ddi S6 9 (222)-2010
BAO DAM QUYEN CUA Bj CAN, B| CAO
TRONG CAC VU AN AP DUNG THU TUC RUT GON
• • • •
• ThS. NGUYiN SON HA * T h u tuc rut gon duoc quy dinh tai Chucmg
XXXIV cua Bp luat To tung hinh sir nam 2003, gom 7 dieu (tu Dieu 318 den Dieu 324). Theo quy dinh tai Chuong XXXIV Bo luat To tung hinh su, thu tuc rut gon do Vien kiem sat quye't dinh, duoc ap dung doi voi nhung vu an pham toi it nghiem trong, pham toi qua tang, chung cu va nhan than nguoi pham toi ro rang; thdi han tarn giir, tarn giam, dieu tra, truy to, xet xu dupe rut ngdn dang ke; khi ket thuc dieu tra co quan dieu tra khong phai lam ban ket luan dieu tra ma chi lam quyet dinh 66 nghi truy to; Vien kiem sat khong phai lam ban cao trang ma ra quyet dinh truy to;
con cac thu tuc, trinh tu khac hau het giong nhu thu tuc thong thuong.
Viec xay dung va ap dung thu tuc rut gon nham muc dich "xu ly kip thoi mot so' vu an don gian, r5 rang" (Nghi quye't Trung uong 3 khoa VDI), giam thieu tinh trang an ton dong, tiet kiem chi phi, sire lire cho cac co quan tien hanh to tung va nguoi tien hanh to tung. Thu tuc tren dupe ap dung "doi vol nhung vu an don gian, pham toi qua tang, chung cu ro rang, hau qua it nghiem trong"
1. Tren ly thuyet, viec ap dung thu tuc rut gon se mang lai nhung loi ich thiet thuc cho ca co quan tien hanh to tung va nhung ngudi tham gia tp' tung thong qua viec rut ngan thdi gian tien hanh to tung, giam chi phi va cong sue cho cac co quan tien hanh to tung va ngudi tham gia to tung... Tuy nhien, sau 6 nam ap dung thu tuc rut gon (tu nam 2003 den nay) cho thay, tir y tuong den thuc te, tir quy dinh ciia phap
luat den ap dung phap luat con mot khoang each kha xa. Thu tuc rut gon da khong nhung khong phat huy dupe tinh uu viet nhu ngudi ta mong muon ma trong nhieu trudng hop lai phan tac dung, mang lai nhung bat led thuc su cho bi can, bi cao
"bi" ap dung thu tuc nay. Trong gidi han bai viet nay, chung toi xin phan tich thuc trang ap dung thu tuc rut gon tai mot so dia phuong trong thdi gian qua dudi goc nhin bao dam quyen ciia bi can, bi cao trong cac vu an ap dung thu tuc rut gon cung nhu cac de xua't, kien nghi ve" hoan thien phap luat trong linh vuc nay.
1. Thuc trang ap dung thu tuc rut gon va van de bao dam quyen va loi ich hop phap cua bj can, bj cao
Theo so lieu thong ke chua day du cua Vien kiem sat nhan dan tdi cao cho thay, trong 5 nam (tir nam 2004 den nam 2008), tong so an thu ly dieu tra la 342.305 vu, trong do so luong an ap dung thu tuc rut gon chiem khoang 0,65%. So lieu tren cho thay
ty le an hinh sir ap dung thu tuc riit gon tren phamvi toan quoc chiem ty le rat nho so vdi tong so an thu ly dieu tra. Vdi ty le tren, thu tuc riit gon khong dap trng dupe muc dich, yeu cau 66 ra la giam thieu tinh trang an ton dong va tiet kiem chi phi va sue lire cho cac co quan tien hanh to tung va ngudi tien hanh to tung
2.
Qua khao sat thuc tien d mot so dia phuong nhu
Ha Npi, TP. Hd Chi Minh, Ha Tinh, Bac Ninh cho
thay: Do viec ap dung thu tuc rut gon khong phai
la mot dieu kien bat bupc nen cac dia phuong cung
Qtahim ei'/u - tfraa ddi S6 9 (222) -2010
ft quan tarn den viec ap dung thu tuc nay trong thuc tien, cu the: Tai Ha Tinh, trong 5 nam (tir 2004 den 2008), tdng so an thu ly la 2.510 vu, trong do so luong an ap dung thu tuc rut gon chi co 11 vu, chiem 0,44% (6 thang dau nam 2004 khong co vu nao, nam 2005 co 01 vu, nam 2006 co 02 vu, nam 2007 co 03 vu, nam 2008 co 05 vu); d Bac Ninh, trong 4 nam (tir 2005 - 2008) tong thu ly la 3.794 vu an hinh sir, trong do giai quyet theo thu tuc riit gon la 09 vu, chiem 0,2%. Tren dia ban TP. Ho Chf Minh va Ha Noi ty le an ap dung thu tuc rut gon cung rat tha'p, vf du: Quan Ha Dong, Ha Noi la don vi co so an ap dung thu tuc riit gon nhieu nhat, tir 01/7/2004 den 31/12/2008, tong so vu ap dung thu tuc riit gon la 49 vu tren tong so 410 vu an ft nghiem trong; quan Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi co 11 vu; quan 3, TP. Ho Chf Minh co 12 vu3.
Hai Phong la mot trong nhung dia phuong co so luong an ap dung thu tuc rut gon Ion trong ca nuoc, nhung so' an riit gon cung chi chiem 1,7% so vu an giai quye't 6 cap quan, huyen. Mac du tren thuc te so vu an ft nghiem trong, co the xem xet ap dung thu tuc riit gon la kha Ion (theo so lieu thong ke ciia Vien kiem sat nhan dan TP. Hai Phong tir 01/7/2004 den 31/6/2009, tong so an hinh su khoi to la 11.099 vu = 16.535 bi can, trong do toi ft nghiem trong la 5.504 vu = 7.377 bi can, chiem . 49,5% tong so vu, 44,6% tong so' bi can thu ly).
Qua nghien ciru thuc tien ap dung thu tuc riit gon a mot so' dia phuong, chiing toi nhan thay nhifng vu an dupe ap dung theo thu tuc nay co nhung dac diem sau:
Thu nhat, phan Ion nhung vu an dupe ap dung theo thu tuc nay la nhung vu an ap dung doi voi cac bi can, bi cao bi truy td ve cac tpi trpm cap tai san.
Mac du Bp luat Hinh sir quy dinh co tdi 148 dieu luat quy dinh co tpi pham ft nghiem trong, nhung trong thuc te, qua nghien ciru 167 ho so hinh sir
dupe ap dung thu tuc riit gon ciia Hai Phong cho thay, ve co cau tpi pham ap dung khong dong deu ma tap trung chu yeu d mot so loai tpi nhat dinh.
Theo so lieu thong ke ciia Vien kiem sat nhan dan TP. Hai Phong, tinh tu 01/7/2004 den 30/6/2009 co 167 vu = 174 bi can ap dung thu tuc riit gon; trong do tpi trpm cap tai san chiem 162 vu = 97%, tpi lira dao chiem doat tai san, dam 6 vdi tre em, danh bac chi chiem 3%4.
Thu hai, nhifng bi can, bi cao "dupe" ap dung thu tuc riit gon phan Idn la nhung bi can, bi cao co tien an, tien sir. Theo ket qua khao sat tren dia ban TP. Hai Phong, Ha Npi va TP. HP Chf Minh cho thay, hau het cac bi can ap dung thu tuc rut gon deu co tien an, tien sir; co nhieu bj can cd tu 2 tien an trd len, tham chf cd den 4 tien an. Chi ti'nh rieng tren dia ban TP. Hai Phong, theo so lieu thong ke tu 01/7/2004 den 30/6/1999 co 174 bi can bi ap dung thu tuc riit gon thi co den 90 bi can co tien an, chiem 51,7%, cd 206 bi can co tien sir, chiem 11,5%; con lai la cac bi can chua co titn an, tien sir.
Thuba, nhung bi can, bi cao "dupe" ap dung thu tuc rut gon thudng bi ap dung bien phap ngan chan tarn giam. Qua khao sat thay, trong so 174 bi can ap dung thu tuc riit gon tren dia ban TP. Hai Phong co tdi 153 bi can bi ap dung bien phap ngan chan tarn giam, chiem 88%. De ly giai cho viec chpn nhirng ddi tuong da cd tien an tien sir de ap dung thu tuc riit gon, cac dieu tra vien, kiem sat vien cho rang, nhung ddi tuong co "nhan than xau" co the ap dung bien phap ngan chan tarn giam thda man nhung yeu cau ciia Dieu 88 Bp luat To tung hinh sir, tien cho viec dieu tra, truy to, xet xir. Nhirng ddi tuong dupe coi la "nhan than xau", ngoai nhung ddi tuong da co tien an, tien sir, so con lai chu yeu la ddi tuong nghien ma tuy, ddi tuong thuoc dien suu tra, dia phuong nhan xet co bieu hien pham tpi. Tuy nhien cung co nhung bi can khong co ti6n an, tien su,
18
Dan chu & Phap luat
Wahiin euu • tfr<w del S6 9 (222)-2010
nhimg do bi can khong co noi cu tru nhat dinh, song lang thang... mac du pham toi it nghiem trong, khai bao thanh khan nhung van bi ap dung bien phap ngan chan tarn giam.
Thutu, nhung bi can, bi cao "dupe" ap dung thu
tuc rut gon phan Ion deu bi Toa an tuyen phat tu giam. Do hau het cac bi can bi ap dung bien phap ngan chan tarn giam trong qua trinh dieu tra, mot mat do nhan than cua cac bi cao xau, khong du dieu kien ap dung an treo, cai tao khong giam giu va cac loai hinh phat khac nen phan Ion cac bi cao deu bi phat tii giam. Theo thong ke va ket qua khao sat cua Vien kiem sat nhan dan TP. Hai Phong, trong so 174 bi cao da xet xir, co 153 bi cao bi phat tu giam, chiem 88%; 15 bi cao dupe hudng an treo va 6 bi cao bi phat cai tao khong giam giu. Thuc te xet xir nhung bi cao ap dung thu tuc rut gon cho thay, co mot so' bi cao du dieu kien ap dung an treo theo quy dinh cua Dieu 60 Bp luat Hinh su, nhung do co quan dieu tra va Vien kiem sat da tarn giam nen hoi dong xet xir cung ap dung hinh phat tii giam ddi vdi bi cao ma khong ap dung an treo hoac hinh phat khac. V i du, vu an Nguyen Van Vy, sinh nam 1956 6 Thai Do, Thai Thuy, Thai Binh, nhan than bi cao khong co tien an, tien su; Vy co hanh vi trpm cap 01 dien thoai di dong tri gia 650.000d bi bat qua tang, vat chung thu hoi. Nhung do co quan dieu tra ap dung bien phap ngan chan tarn giam, nen tai phien toa cung nhu tai co quan dieu tra, mac du bi cao thanh khan khai bao, nhung hpi dong xet xir van tuyen phat bi cao mux: an 06 thang tu giam. Mdc an 06 thang tu giam ap dung doi vdi bi cao Vy la qua nang, khPng tuong xting vdi hanh vi pham tdi cua bi cao, nhung do bi cao "bi" ap dung thu tuc rut gon nen bi cao phai chiu mire hinh phat tu giam.
Trong so' 153 bi cao bi ap dung bien phap ngan chan tarn giam, chi cd 02 bi cao dupe hudng an treo, chiem 1,3%.
Thu nam, qua khao sat cac bi can, bi cao, bi an
da timg bi ap dung thu tuc riit gon cho thay hau het cac ddi tuong nay deu khdng biet thu tuc rut gon la gi, hp khdng he dupe nhirng ngudi tien hanh to tung giai thich khi giao quyet dinh ap dung thu tuc riit gon.
Thu sau, viec ap dung thu tuc rut gon tren thuc
te khdng bao dam diing cac quy dinh ve dieu kien ap dung thu tuc nay nhu quy dinh cua Bp luat To tung hinh su nam 2003. Cu the, xet ve 4 dieu kien ap dung thu tuc riit gon: Pham tdi qua tang, chting ctr ro rang, tdi pham it nghiem trong, can cuoc lai lich ro rang; va theo quy dinh tai Dieu 88 Bp luat To tung hinh su nam 2003 thi hau het cac bi can trong cac vu an riit gon khdng du dieu kien de tam giam va miic an khi xet xir cung chi dirng lai d muc an treo hoac cai tao khdng giam giu. Tuy nhien, thuc tien dieu tra, truy to, xet xir cho tha'y khdng hoan toan nhu vay ma trai lai cac bi can, bi cao trong cac vu an riit gon hau het deu bi ap dung bien phap tam giam va phan Idn deu bi ap dung hinh phat tu. Theo so lieu thong ke cua Vien kiem sat nhan dan TP. Hai Phong cho thiy, trong so 174 bi can bi ap dung thu tuc rut gon thi ca 174 bi can deu bi ap dung bien phap ngan chan tam giu (chiem 100%), 153 bi can bi tam giam (chiem 88%), con lai chi cd 21 bi can dupe tai ngoai. Ket qua xet xir:
153 bi cao bi phat tu giam tu 03 den 18 thang, con 15 bi cao dupe hudng an treo, 6 bi cao bi phat cai tao khdng giam giu.
Nguyen nhan dely giai cho van de tren Thu nhat, do thdi han dieu tra qua ngan, neu de
bi can tai ngoai thi se gap rat nhieu khd khan khi
giai quye't vi lien quan den thu tuc nhu trieu tap bi
can de hdi cung, tong dat cac quyet dinh... chi can
bi can vang mat mot lan la da anh hudng rat nhieu
den tien dp giai quye't vu an; chi'nh vi vay, tam ly
cua dieu tra vien, kiem sat vien va tham phan la
Qlghiiti citu - tfrafr doi S6 9 (222) -2010
muon ap dung bien phap ngan chan tam giam doi voi bi can bi ap dung thu tuc rut gon thi moi thuan loi cho viec dieu tra, truy to, xet xir. Nhu vay, vo hinh chung chi vi tam ly muon thuan loi cho viec dieu tra, truy to, xet xir ma nguoi tien hanh to tung da dat bi can, bi cao vao tinh hudng bat loi hon so voi nguoi bi ap dung thu tuc thong thuong, anh huong Ion den quyen con nguoi trong qua trinh tien hanh to tung.
Tint hai, do cac co quan tien hanh to tung chon cac vu an chu yeu la cac toi trpm cap tai san, bi bat qua tang lam an riit gon, ma nhirng doi tuong trpm cap bi bat qua tang hien nay chu yeu la nhirng doi tuong nghien ma tuy, co tien an tien su, doi tuong bo nha di lang thang, khong co noi 6 cd dinh...
Nhung ddi tuong nhu vay co the thoa man dieu kien quy dinh tai diem b khoan 1 Dieu 88 Bp luat To tung hinh su nam 2003: "Pham tpi it nghiem trong... va co can cu cho rang, ngudi do co the trdn hoac can trd dieu tra, truy to, xet xir hoac tiep tuc pham tpi".
Day cung la 2 nguyen nhan nhung cung trd thanh "tieu chi thuc te" khi lira chpn ap dung thu tuc riit gon ciia cac co quan tien hanh to tung trong thuc tien hien nay, dieu nay cung ly giai vi sao an rut gon it ap dung ddi vdi cac bi can, bi cao tai ngoai hoac khong ap dung ddi vdi bi can la ngudi chua thanh nien.
2. Mot so kien nghj, de xuat nham bao dam quyen ciia bj can, bj cao trong viec ap dung thu tuc riit gon
2.1. Ve viec dp dung bien phap ngan chan Theo quy dinh tai khoan 3 Dieu 319 Bp luat To tung hinh sir hien hanh thi an dupe ap dung theo thu tuc riit gon chi dupe ap dung vdi tpi pham da dupe thuc hien la tpi pham it nghiem trong.
Cung theo quy dinh cua Dieu 88 Bp luat To tung hinh sir thi viec tam giam ddi vdi ngudi pham
tdi it nghiem trong phai co cac dieu kien kern theo nhu: Muc hinh phat tii ma Bp luat Hinh sir quy dinh phai tren 2 nam va co can cu cho rang, ngudi do co the trdn hoac can trd dieu tra, truy to, xet xir hoac co the tiep tuc pham tpi. Chinh dieu nay lam cac co quan tien hanh to tung gap lung tung khi quye't dinh ap dung thu tuc riit gon. Bdi le, viec ap dung thu tuc riit gon phai dupe xem xet quyet dinh nhanh chong. Muon troi chay tu khi khdi to, dieu tra, truy to, xet xir thi thudng la phai ap dung tam giam. Neu quy dinh viec ap dung bien phap ngan chan tam giam vdi an riit gon cung gidng nhu vdi cac an khac thi se kho dam bao tien dp ve thdi gian, nhat la rat co the bi can se trdn tranh khong den cac co quan to tung theo giay trieu tap va nhu vay viec giai quyet se khong bao dam yeu to ve thdi han giai quye't. Day la trd ngai ma nhieu noi coi la ly do de khong co an riit gon. Mot so don vi lam dupe nhieu an riit gon da phai "linh hoat" khi ap dung khoan 3 Dieu 88 Bp luat To tung hinh sir hien hanh, tim moi ly do de' co the tam giam bi can, bi cao nham muc dich thuan loi cho qua trinh tien hanh to tung ma bo qua quyen loi ciia hp.
V i vay, can phai sira doi Bp luat To tung hinh sir nam 2003 theo hudng han che bien phap ngan chan tam giam ddi vdi bi can, bi cao khi hp dupe ap dung thu tuc riit gon.
2.2. Bao dam quyen bao chua cua bi can, bi cao
Dam bao quyen bao chua ciia bi can, bi cao la mot trong nhirng nguyen tac co ban trong to tung hinh su. So vdi thu tuc thong thudng, viec thuc hien quyen bao chua ciia bi can, bi cao trong vu an dupe giai quyet theo thu tuc riit gon co nhirng han che nhat dinh (do thdi gian tien hanh to tung ngan hon va mot so thu tuc dupe gian lupc). V i vay, de dam bao quyen bao chua ciia bi can, bi cao khi giai quyet cac vu an theo thu tuc nay phap luat can quy
20 Dan chu & Phap luat
Wjghihi euu - \7rao dtdi S6 9 (222) -2010
dinh ro mot so van 66 sau:
- Khi giao quyet dinh ap dung thu tuc rut gon cho bi can, bi cao thi nguoi tien hanh to tung co trach nhiem phai giai thich cho ho hieu ro ve thii tuc riit gon de ho chap nhan hay phan doi viec ap dung thu tuc nay trong thdi han luat dinh.
- Cac quyet dinh to tung lien quan nhu: Quye't dinh ap dung thu tuc riit gon, quye't dinh khdi to bi can, quye't dinh de nghi truy to cua co quan dieu tra, quyet dinh truy to cua Vien kiem sat, ban an, quye't dinh ciia Toa an, cac quye't dinh ap dung bien phap ngan chan ciia co quan tien hanh to tung (neu co)... phai dupe gui kip thoi cho bi can, bi cao trong thoi han.
- Dam bao thuc hien quyen tu bao chua hoac nhd luat su bao chua ciia bi can, bi cao; riit ngan thoi han cap giay chung nhan quyen bao chua trong cac vu an riit gon chi con 24 gid ke ca trudng hop bi tam giu hay khdi to bi can ma khong tam giu, tam giam.
2.3. Quy dinh cd loi hon so voi thu tuc thong thuong
Qua nghien cuu phap luat to tung hinh su ciia cac nude va thuc tien phap luat to tung hinh su Viet Nam cho thay, cac nude theo mo hinh to tung Anh - My thien ve to tung tranh tung va luon de cao muc dich on dinh quan he xa hoi thong qua xet xir.
Trong khi do, cac nude theo mo hinh to tung chau Au luc dia va cac nude xa hoi chu nghia lai thien ve to tung xet hoi va de" cao yeu cau xet xir diing ngudi, diing tpi, diing phap luat, khong lam oan ngudi vo tpi, dong thdi khong de lot tpi pham. Tuy nhien, trong giai doan hien nay cac he thong phap luat nay co xu hudng xich lai gan nhau, ke'thua va tiep nhan nhung uu viet ciia nhau hinh thanh nen nhung mo hinh to tung pha trpn. Phap luat to tung hinh su Viet Nam cung khong nam ngoai xu hudng do, ve can ban mo hinh to tung ciia chiing ta la to
tung xet hoi, nhung trong giai doan hien nay chiing ta dang tung budc 66 cao to tung tranh tung, coi ket qua tranh tung tai phien toa la can cfl de toa an ra quyet dinh, ban an. Muc dich ciia to tung hinh sir khong chi la xet xir diing ngudi, diing tpi, diing phap luat ma quan trong hon la on dinh dupe cac quan he xa hoi, vua bao dam dupe cac quyen va loi ich ciia cac ben tham gia to tung, vua bao ve dupe cac gia tri xa hoi, loi ich ciia Nha nude, cong dong va muc tieu cao hon la giao due, cai tao con ngudi.
Do vay, chiing toi cho rang viec quye't dinh hinh phat trong thu tuc rut gon cung nen di theo hudng nay. Thu tuc riit gon ra ddi nham muc dich giam tai ve cong viec ciia co quan to tung, giai quye't nhanh chong nhirng loai an don gian, chung cu ro rang.
Mat khac, bi can dupe ap dung thu tuc riit gon cung co nhung han che nhat dinh vt bao dam quyen bao chua. Do vay, viec giam nhe hinh phat ddi vdi bi can, bi cao lira chpn hinh thuc thu tuc riit gon la mot giai phap can thiet nham giai quyet nhanh chong mot luong an kha Idn va quan trong hon la on dinh cac quan he xa hoi thong qua to tung. Ddi vdi bi cao thi day thuc su la sir khoan hOng ciia Nha nude ddi vdi sir "cong tac tich cue" ciia hp, ddi vdi Nha nude se giam mot luong chi phi, nhan lire va thdi gian dang ke cho viec giai quye't cac vu an don gian.
Kinh nghiem ciia cac nude cho thay, hp khong
chi giam nhe trach nhiem hinh sir ddi vdi bi can, bi
cao lira chpn hinh thuc thu tuc riit gon, nhieu nude
nhu Hoa Ky, Dire, Italia... con co hinh thuc mac ca
thu tpi, mac ca giam nhe hinh phat, giam nhe trach
nhiem hinh sir. Nhin tren phuong dien binh ding
trong to tung hinh sir thi hinh thuc nay co ve khong
cong bing, song nhin tren binh dien tong the thi
hinh thuc nay mang lai loi ich to Idn, dap Ung dupe
yeu cau cua tat ca cac ben lien quan. Ching han,
mot nguoi cd hanh vi vi pham phap luat moi trudng
du dieu kien cau thanh tpi pham. Tuy nhien, qua
Qtjgkiw euu - ddi S6 9 (222) -2010
mac ca thu tpi hp thua nhan hanh vi pham phap, chap nhan boi thuong cho cac ben lien quan va nop vao ngan sach nha nuoc mot khoan tien phat nhat dinh thi hp co the dupe mien truy to. Cach giai quyet nay se mang lai loi ich thiet thuc cho cac ben lien quan va ca Nha nuoc, cong dong.
Luat To' tung hinh sir ciia nuoc Cong hoa Phap mac du quy dinh thu tuc riit gon chi ap dung trong pham vi xet xir so tham, nhung lai quy dinh tham quyen ap dung thu tuc nay do cong to' vien thuoc Vien cong to' lira chpn va quye't dinh. Dieu 495 - 1 Bp luat To tung hinh su cua nuoc Cong hoa Phap dupe Nghi vien ban hanh theo Luat so' 2000 - 516 ngay 15/6/2000 quy dinh: "Cong to' vien lua chpn thu tuc gian lupc nay gui ho so vu an va bat ky de nghi nao cho tham phan chu toa cua toa an. Tham phan chu toa quye't dinh bang mot lenh hinh su ma khong can xet xir. Dieu nay dan den viec tra tu do hoac phat tien hoac ap dung hinh phat bo sung thay cho hinh phat chinh. Neu thay rang vide xet xir la can thiet hoac can phat tii thi tham phan gui ho so vu an tra lai cho cong to' vien".
Theo quy dinh tren, khi cong to' vien lua chpn quyet dinh ap dung thu tuc nit gon de giai quye't vu an va chuyen ho so sang toa an de xet xir theo thu tuc nay, thi thani phan tien hanh mo phien toa nhung khong cin tien hanh xet xir ma ra phan quye't ngay bang mot lenh hinh su de tuyen phat do'i voi bi cao bang hinh phat tien hoac hinh phat bd sung khac thay cho hinh phat chi'nh.
Bp luat To tung hinh su Han Qud'c ve thu tuc xet xir nit gon ma trong luat to' tung hinh sir cua cac nude khac nhu Phap, Nhat Ban, Canada v.v... khdng de cap den, dd la quy dinh ve "Ca'm khdng dupe dua ra phan quye't gay bat loi cho bi cao" (Dieu 457 - 2). Chiing tdi cho rang, quy dinh nay trong Luat To tung hinh su Han Qud'c la rat phu hop va cac nude khac cd the tham khao. V i khi toa an xet xir
vu an theo thu tuc riit gon da ra phan quyet, trong dd the hien quan diem, dudng ldi xir ly vu an cua toa an. Vu an chi bi dua ra xet xir lai theo thu tuc thong thudng neu bi cao cho rang, quyen loi cua minh bi xam pham va de nghi toa an xet xir lai theo hudng giam nhe hinh phat hoac tuyen bi cao vd tpi.
Trong trudng hop nay, neu toa an quye't dinh mot hinh phat nang hon hinh phat da tuyen trudc dd la di ngupc lai nguyen tac cd loi cho bi can, bi cao va mau thuan vdi chi'nh quye't dinh cua toa an, trong khi vu an khong cd them tinh tiet va chiing ctr gi mdi ngoai yeu cm xet xir theo thu tuc day du cua bi cao. V i vay, Bp luat To tung hinh su Han Qud'c quy dinh trong trudng hop nay, toa an khdng dupe ap dung hinh phat nang hon muc hinh phat da tuyen ddi vdi bi cao trudc dd la phu hop va dam bao dupe nguyen tac xet xir cd loi cho bi cao.
Bp luat To tung hinh su Lien bang Nga cung quy dinh muc an ap dung ddi vdi bi cao bi ap dung thu tuc riit gon khdng qua 2/3 mure an ap dung ddi vdi bi cao ap dung thu tuc thong thudng.
Chinh vi cac le dd, chiing tdi de xuat can cd nhung quy dinh cu the ve viec quye't dinh hinh phat theo hudng giam nhe trach nhiem hinh su cho bi cao khi ap dung thu tuc rut gon nhu each quy dinh ciia Bp luat To tung hinh su mot so nude tren the gidi di khuye'n khi'ch hp tu nguyen phdi hop tot hon ddi vdi cac co quan tien hanh to tung trong qua trinh dieu tra, truy to, xet xir.
2.4. Quyen duoc lua chpn dp dung hay khdng dp dung thu tuc rut gon
Theo quy dinh cua Bp luat To tung hinh su nude Cdng hda Phap, trudc khi xet xu theo thu tuc riit gon phai cd su ddng y cua ngudi bi hai, neu ngudi bi hai khdng ddng y ma ddi trieu tap bi cao ra Toa an de xet xir theo thu tuc thong thudng thi khdng dupe ap dung thu tuc riit gon. Con theo quy dinh cua Bp luat To tung hinh su Nhat Ban, khi ap dung
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thu tuc gian luge phai co su dong y cua nguoi bi xir phat (bi cao), neu bi cao khong nhat tri ap dung hinh thuc xet xir gian luge thi vu an phai dugc xet xir theo thu tuc thong thuong. Su khac biet the hien trong luat ciia Phap doi hoi tham khao y kien ciia nguoi bi hai, con luat ciia Nhat Ban doi hoi tham khao y kien ciia ngudi bi xir phat (bi cao) trudc khi ap dung thu tuc xet xir riit gon.
So sanh cac quy dinh tren trong Bp luat To tung ciia Phap va Nhat Ban vdi cac quy dinh ve thu tuc riit gon tai Chuong XXXIV trong Bp luat To tung hinh su nam 2003 ciia nude ta, thi Bp luat To tung hinh sir ciia nude ta khdng quy dinh ve viec tham khao y kien ciia bi can, bi cao va ngudi bi hai trudc khi ap dung thu tuc riit gon. Thain quyen quyet dinh ap dung thu tuc riit gon theo Bp luat To tung hinh su nam 2003 hoan toan do Vien kiem sat quye't dinh ma khong doi hoi co sir dong y ciia bi can, bi cao hoac ngudi bi hai. V i vay, can phai bd sung quy dinh nay trong qua trinh sira ddi, bd sung mot so dieu ciia Bp luat To tung hinh sir nam 2003 mdi bao dam dupe quyen cua bi can, bj cao trong viec ap dung hay khdng ap dung hinh thdc to tung dac biet nay.
2.5. Ap dung thu tuc rut gon doi vdi ngudi chua thanh nien
Mot diem khac biet trong quy dinh ciia luat to tung hinh sir mot so nude tren the gidi so vdi Bp luat To tung hinh sir nam 2003 ciia nude ta la ddi tuong ap dung theo thu tuc gian luge phai la cac bi can, bi cao la ngudi da thanh nien (vi du: Bp luat To tung hinh sir Cdng hda Phap quy dinh chi ap dung thu tuc riit gon ddi vdi ngudi tu: du 18 tudi trd len). Quy dinh nay gdp phin dam bao dupe quyen loi ciia cac bi can, bi cao vi thanh nien. V i khi ngudi pham tdi la ngudi chua thanh nien, phap luat quy dinh hp dupe hudng mot so quyen uu dai dac biet trong qua trinh dieu tra, truy to, xet xir nhu:
Quyen cd ngudi giam hp, ngudi bao chua, quyen dupe hudng mire hinh phat thap hon ngudi da thanh nien... Viec ap dung thu tuc tuc gian lupc ddi vdi hp trong qua trinh giai quyet vu an cd the lam anh hudng den cac quyen loi tren. Vi vay, can sira ddi Bp luat To tung hinh su theo hudng khdng ap dung thu tuc nay ddi vdi ngudi chua thanh nien pham tdi.
Tom lai, thu tuc riit gon la mot thu tuc dac biet,
dupe ap dung ddi vdi nhung vu an don gian, chung cur rd rang; viec ap dung thu tuc nay giiip cho cac co quan tien hanh to tung giai quyet nhanh chong cac vu an hinh su, han che tinh trang an ton dong, keo dai; tiet kiem dupe chi phi v6 thdi gian, tien bac ciia Nha nude. Tuy nhien, viec ap dung thu tuc riit gon phai dap ling dupe yeu cau v6 bao dam quyen va loi ich hop phap ciia bi can, bi cao. Do vay, trong qua trinh sira ddi, bd sung mot so dieu ciia Bp luat To tung hinh sir nam 2003, can phai dieu chinh theo hudng bao dam quySn va loi ich hop phap ciia bi can, bi cao theo hudng da phan tich va dt xuat d tren, bao dam nguyen tac ton trong va bao ve cac quytb co ban ciia cdng dan, bao dam quyen binh dang ciia moi cdng dan trudc phap luat •
1. Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam (2002), Nghi quyet so 08-NQITW ngay 2/1/2002 ciia Bp Chinh tri ve mot so nhiem vu trong tam cua cong tac tu phap trong thdi gian tdi.
2. Nguyen Van Qudng - De tdi cap Bo - Thu tuc rut gon theo quy dinh ciia Bp luat To tung hinh sif nam 2003 - Thuc tien dp dung vd kien nghi hoan thien, Vien kiem sat nhan dan TP. Hdi Phdng, nam 2009.
3. Nguyen Van Qudng (2008), Gidi quye't an hinh sif theo thii tuc riit gon - tlutc trang vd nhung kien nghi de xuat, Tap chi Nhd nude vd Phap luat so 712008.
4. Nguyen Van Qudng - De tdi cap Bp - Thu tuc nit gon theo quy dinh ciia Bp luat To tung hinh sit nam 2003 - Tlutc tien dp dung vd kien nghi hoan thien. Vien kiem sat nhan ddn TP. Hdi Phong, nam 2009.
