VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3
GIA TRI XA HOI VIET NAM TRONG BOI CANH HOI NHAP NHIN Ttr QUAN DIEM HE THONG - CAU TRUC
Nguyin Duy Hai', Ha Trong Nghla^
• Tru&ng Dgi hgc Vdn Hiin ' HaiND@vhu. edu. vn
Ngay nhdn bdi: 12/3/2017; Ngdy duyet ddng: 20/6/2017
T O M TAT
Bdi viit nghien citu vi gid tri xd hpi Viet Nam hiin dgi tic cdch tiip can hi thdng - cdu true theo cdch nhin xa hgi hgc. Kit qud cho thdy xa hpi Viet Nam dang trong giai dogn hinh thdnh he gid tri m&i v&i ba xu hu&ng trdi ngugc cung tdn tgi: (1) Gid tri cda xd hpi cdng nghiep hien dgi chua dimg vitng, (2) Khia cgnh tiiu cue cua cdc gid tri cii cdn mgnh me. (3) Su mai mpt cua mpt so gid tri truyin thong cot loi. Stt yeu the cua cdc gid tri hiin dgi trong giai dogn hpi nhgp dd gdy ra khung hodng gid tri & Viet Nam, biiu hiin la cdc hiin tugng lech lgc diin ra & khdp cdc quan hi kinh ti, chinh tri, phdp ludt, cpng dong. Nguyen nhdn sdu xa cua su khiing hodng ndy nam & viec cdc thi chi xd hpi, dgc biit la chlnh tri vd ludt phdp chua thuc hiin tot chiec ndng hu&ng dich vd lien kit xd hot
Tu kkoa: gid tri, gid tri xd hpi. the chi. roi logn. xung dot, hpi nhdp. khung hodng, truyin thong, hien dgi, ca chi, chitc ndng, cdu true, hi thong, hu&ng dich, lien kit, thich itng, duy tri khuon mdu ldn.
ABSTRACT
Vietnamese social value in integration context from the structural systematic vision This paper examines the values of modern Vietnamese society from a systematic sociological perspective. The results show that Vietnamese society is in a process of forming a new value system with three opposing tendencies: (1) the value of unsustainable modern industrial society, (2) negative aspects ofthe strong old remaining values, and (3) declines in some ofthe core traditional values. The weakness of modern values in the integration phase has caused a crisis In values in Vietnam, manifesting as deviations in economic, political, legal, and economic relations. One of the underlying causes of this crisis is that the social institutions, especially in politics and legislation, have not yet functioned well in targeting and social connections.
Keywords: Value, social value, institution, disorder, conflict, integration, crisis, tradition, modernity, mechanism, function, structure, system, direction, alignment, adaptation Maintain model diving.
I l l
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN HIEN TAP S sd 3
1. Dan nhap
Gia tri cd vai frd quan trpng trong he thdng van hda - xa hdi va la mpt trong nhiing mdi quan tam chinh yfiu ciia cac nghifin ciiu xa hdi hpc. La hat nhan cfla nen van hda, gia fri cd chuc nang lifin kfit cac the chfi xa hfii, tao ddng luc cho xa hpi phat trien ben viing. Tuy nhifin, gia tri la mpt pham trfl lich sir, radi khi mdi tradng xa hdi bien ddi, gia tri xa hdi ciing bien ddi dfi thich nghi. Nhung d cac xa hdi dang frong giai doan chuyen tiep, su bien ddi gia tri xay ra phuc tap va neu xa hdi khdng cd du ngudn Iyc de ho trp qua frinh dinb hinh he thdng gia fri mdi, su rfii loan, xung dot va khflng hoang gia fri se difin ra va de dga dfin sy dn dinh xa hdi.
Trong bdi canh qua do tir xa h0i ndng nghifip truyfin thfing sang xa bpi cfing nghifip hien dai dudi tac ddng ciia toan cau hda, he gia tri xa hdi Viet Nam gap nhieu bifin dgng. Cac nghifin cuu trudc day cho rang cac van dfi vfi bifin ddi, xung dot gia tri nay sinh frong xa hdi Viet Nara hifin dai la do mau thuan giua gia tri trayen thdng vdi gia tri hifin dai. Va nguyfin nhan cua su xao frdn nay la do tac ddng cfla yfiu td kinh tfi thi tmdng va hdi nhap van hda qudc tfi.
Dieu nay khifin cac chu thfi xa hpi khd dinh hinh ldi sdng radi va do do can trd vific xay dyng he gia tri dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghTa. Cach tifip can nay mdt mat gan cho mgt hinh thai kinh te (kinh te thi tradng) vdn trung tinh la nguyfin nhan ciia cac hifin tugng lech chuan gia tri; mat khac Iai xem su tac dpng bfin ngoai (van hda qudc tfi) la nguyfin nhan quan frpng raa it khao ciiu su tac ddng cua cac yfiu td ndi tai cfla xa hdi Viet Nara. Ngoai ra, cac nghifin cuu nay cdn raang tinh chinh tri khi ddng nhit he gia tri cua chfl ngbia Mac - Lenin vdi he
gia tri xa hdi.
Chinh vi thi, that khd Iy giai la tai sao da ban 30 nam thyc hien chinh sach Ddi Mdi, lam quen va thuc hifin nen kinh tfi thj trudng song song vdi vific chfl dfing hgi nhap vdi khu vuc va thi gidi, xa hpi Viet Nam van chua dinh hinh dugc mpt he gia fri cdt idi dugc xa hgi dong thuan. Hon nfta, nhifiu hifin tupng lech lac gan day d khap cac mdi quan he xa hdi cho thiy dudng nhu xa hdi Viet Nam dang chuyen tft giai doan xung dot dfin giai doan khimg hoang gia fri.
Bai vifit nay nghifin ciiu be gia tij xa hpi Viet Nam frong bfii canh hpi nhap qudc tfi theo quan difim he thdng cau trfle.
cac muc tifiu ehinh la: (1) Phan tich dac tnmg he gia tri xa hdi Vifit Nara Men dai, (2) Tira ra nguyfin nhan ndi tai cfla cac van dfi nay sinh trong he gia tri Viet Nam.
2. Phirong phap Ly tkuyet tiep can
Ap dyng each tifip can he thfing theo quan diem xa hdi hpc, gia tri xa hpi dugc dat trong the che van hda; dfin lugt nd, the chfi van hda lai dugc dat trong mdi lien he vdi cac thfi chfi kinh te, cbinh tri, gia dinh frong tdng the xa bdi. Cach tifip can nay giup kham pha cac dac trung ty than ciia qua trinh van ddng, bifin dfii cfla cac gia tri xa hdi; tu dd tim ra tac nhan chuih cfla cac vln dl nay sinh trong he gia fri xa hpi Viet Nara hifin tai.
Dir lieu
Nghifin cun su dung dft lieu thii cap, tii ba nguon: (1) Cac nghien ciiu tu tap chi khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, (2) Sd lieu tir Tfing cue Thdng kfi, (3) Cac bai bao tren cac bao difin tii.
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBERS
Phuffng pkdp pkan tick dirlieu Phuong phap suy Iuan difin dich dugc su dung dfi chflng mmh cac Iuan dilm dugc neu frong kit qua nghifin cfln. Ben canh dd, phuong phap quy n^p ciing duge dung dfi difiu chinh cac gia thuyet nghifin cun cho phfl hgp vdi thuc tifin, lam tang tinh khoa hgc cfla cac Iuan de khoa hgc.
3. Ket qua
3.1. Biin dpng ke gid tri trong qud trink pkdt trien lich sir Viet Nam tk&i can - kiin dgi
Trong lich sft phat frien xa hgi Viet Nara, radi giai doan chuyen tiep dfiu difin ra su bien doi he gia fri. Su bifin dfing he gia fri xa hpi d Viet Nara thdi can dai xay ra vao gifta thfi ky XIX, khi thyc dan Phap xara luge Viet Nam. Su giao luu van hda - xa hdi mang tinh cuong chfi, cflng vdi cac chinh sach khai thac thudc dia cua Phap da tao ra cac giai tang xa hdi mdi va ddng thdi lara bien ddi he thdng gia fri xa hdi Viet Nam. De nhan thay nhat la sy thay ddi thang frat ty gia tri nghe nghiep. Xa hpi phong kifin xfip sT, nfing Ifin tren cdng, thuang nhung frong thdi Phap thufic, giai cap tiiuong nhan va cdng nhan dan dan chifim vi tri cao frfin bang xep hang dia vi xa hpi. Khdng nhiing thi, nen van hda de cao khoa hgc cua Phap cilng khifin cac gia tri Nho giao vdn chifim uu the va dugc ting ldp cam quyfin vua quan bao hg dan mit vi till frong xa hfii. Thay thfi chft Han, chft Nho la chu Qudc ngft, nfin hpc tiiuat Nho giao minh trifit dugc thay thi bang nin hpc tiiuat phuang Tay mang tinh tiiuc chung. Su khflng hoang gia fri nay dupc thfi hifin bdi cac tir tudng rk khac bifit ve muc dicb, phuang tiiu:c diu franh gianh dpc lap dan tpc cfla cac ting ldp lanh dao
cac nhdm vii frang chdng Phap tfl phong trao khdi nghTa nfing dan dfin phong frao si phu yeu nudc va phong trao cpng san.
Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ra ddi vao nam 1930 trong bdi canh ca nudc chdng thuc dan Phap da du nh|ip vao Viet Nam he tu tudng Cdng san. Den khi nam chinh quyen d miln Bac va sau dd la fren toan qudc, Dang Cpng San da v ^ dung chfl nghTa Mac - Lfinin vao he thfing xa hdi Viet Nara. Trong qua frinh thye hien mo thiic vdn hoa thit hai - md thiic xS. hdi chfl nghTa vfi ndi dung va dan tdc vfi hinh thftc vao gifta the ky XX, xa hdi Viet Nam da xay ra khflng hoang gia tti do ap dung nguyfin Iy tap trung quan lifiu bao d p lam xuat hien hifin tupng lech chuan gia fri - dao due gia (Dd Huy, Nguyen Thu NghTa, 2014) cung vdi cac hifin tugng xung dot gia tri khac. Cudc khiing hoang gia tri keo dai cung vdi sy khflng hoang kinh te dfin tan dau thap ky 90 cfla thfi ky XX mdi cd dau hieu thuyen giam kbi Dang Cpng San Viet Nam quyet dinh ddi mdi, van hanh nfin kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chfl nghia.
3.2. He gid tri xa kpi Viet Nam trong giai dogn hpi nhgp
Cho dfin nhflng nam dau ciia the ky XXI, xa hdi Viet Nam Iai bat dau xuat hifin cac van de mdi frong he gia fri xa hpi. Qua trinh duy ly hda bat dau tu sy giao luu van hda thdi Phap thudc, ngay cang cung cd vi fri quan frpng frong qua frinh Viet Nam thyc hifin nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chfl nghia va cho den thdi diem hpi nhap kinh te - xa hpi - van hda toan cau hifin nay, da bat dau chiem vi tri un the fren thang gia tii xa hdi, dac bifit la d ITnh vuc kinh tfi.
113
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN H l f N
Bang 1: Sw bien doi cac gia tri xa hgi can ban tnro'c va sau Doi Mdi Trade Doi Mdi (1986)
it biet tinh toan hifiu qua kinh tl
Chiu dung gian khd, it ddi hdi Kem nang ddng, thao vat frong ling xu
Hudng vao nhiing gia tri tap thfi la chinh
Sfing nang v l tinh nghTa Thich binh quan chu nghTa
69,4%
64,7%
64,5%
61,2%
54,7%
54,6%
Trong thdi ky Ddi Mdi (tft 1986 dfin nay) Ddi hdi miic tieu dimg hang ngay cao Biet tinh toan hieu qua kinh tfi Chap nhan ganh dua, c^nh franh Hudng vao nhiing Igi ich ca nhan la chinh
Quan hfi ngudi - ngudi dya fren kinh tl
Dam chap nhan phieu Iuu, mao hifim 83,2%
79,4%
74,4%
64,0%
60,0%
55,7%
Ngudn: Trdn Si Phdn (2016).
Nghien euu cfla Tran S! Phan (2016) cho thay, qua frinh duy ly hda da tao ra su thay dfii thang frat ty gia tri frong he gia fri xa hgi Viet Nam. Cac gia tri cfla chfl nghia ca nhan dac trung cua nen kinh te thi trudng da chifim vi fri uu thfi va thay thfi gan nhu hoan toan cac gia tri thdi bao cap.
Cd tbi thay, cac chu&i muc gia tri mdi theo hudng duy ly - hifin dai dang dugc xac lap nhanh chdng d xa hgi Viet Nam
hifin dai.
He thdng xa hdi Viet Nam dS nhanh chdng dao thai he gia trj bao cap vdn la mgt tu tudng du nhap tu phuang Tay dugc van hanh sai Iam trong giai doan trade Dfii Mdi.
Nhung ngay lap tiic, nin nhiing gia tri van hda ban dia da nhanh chdng tim lai cho diing frong xa hdi. Dieu nay khien qua Irinh dinh binh he gia tri mdi bi chara lai do siic i cfla cac gia tri tieu eye trayfin thong.
Bang 2: Su khac biet giwa hai he gia tri truyen thong va hien dai Gia fri trayfin thdng
Tuyfit ddi hda cac gia fri tinh than, xem thudng cac gia tri vat chat (frgng nghia khinh tai; tifin tai nhu phan tho, nhan nghTa trgng thifin kim...)
Lfii ling xu qua thifin ve tinh cam ma mgt sd hpc gia gpi la duy tinh
Tinh than cpng dong, lang xa, neu day dfin
Gia fri hifin dai (Ronald Inlehart, 2008) De cao sy thanh dat, iam viec chSm chi va tdi da hda thu nhap la myc dich tfii thugng.
Xa hfii phap quyen, dfi cao phap luat va cac hanh ddng duy ly
Quyin Iuc truyfin thdng sang quyfin Iyc
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBER 3
Gia fri frnyin thdng muc thai qua se din din chfl nghTa binh quan, be phai, cue bd,...
Gia tri hien dai (Ronald Inlehart, 2008) hgp phap - hpp Iy (Nha nudc phap quyin va xS hdi dan sy)
- Cac gia tri fruyen thdng ve due tin.
ldng tnmg thanh, tinh than cdng ddng tmyen thong nhudng cho cho tu duy Iy tinh
Nguon: Tong hgp tie (Vo Nguyen Hodi Nhu, 2015) vd (inlehart R. 2008) Hien nay, Viet Nam v l co ban van la
mpt nudc ndng nghiep vdi cac chi sd: dan sfi nfing thdn chifim 65,4%; lao ddng ndng nghiep (ndng, Iam, thuy san) chiem 41,9%
va ty le Iao ddng qua dao tao ehi dat 38,5%
(Van Phflc, 2016). Do dd nfin tang cfla cac gia fri ndng nghiep - tmyfin thdng van rat
viing vang va qua frinh xac lap he gia tri cfing nghiep - hifin dai v l n chua thfi hoan thanh sdm. Nhifiu hifin tupng lech lac gia tri xuat hifin frong cac mdi quan he xa hpi hifin nay d Viet Nam la bieu hifin cfla sy fri niu cfla gia fri tmyen thdng.
Bang 3: Anh hudng cua khia canh tieu cue trong gia tri truyen thong din cac hien tvgng Ifich lac xa hgi & Viet Nam
Yiu cdu cuaxd hpi hiin
dgi Ky luat
Canh franh
Tdn du xa hpi
nong ngkiep Tuy tien
Chfl nghTa
Lech lgc xa kpi do su:c I cUa gid tri truyin thing
tieu cue Tai nan Iao ddng
Mdt ngudi lara quan ca hp
Biiu hiin lich lgc
Nam 2016 toan qudc xay ra 7.981 vy tai nan lao ddng (TNLD) iam 8.251 ngudi bi nan frong dd:
- Sd vy TNLD chit ngudi: 799 vy - Sfi vu TNLD cd hai ngudi bi nan frd len:
106 vu
- Sfi ngudi chfit: 862 ngudi - Sfi ngudi bi thuong nang: 1.952 ngudi - Nan nhan la lao dpng nft: 2.371 ngudi (Cue An Toan Lao Dpng, Bp Lao ddng Thuang binh Xahpi, 2017)
Bao cao cfla Chinh phfl trinh Qudc hdi tai ky hpp thu 3 (2017) lifit ke 9 tinh tiianh cd 58 tindng
1 1 5
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAl HOC VAN H | 6 N
Yeu cau cua xa hpi hiin
dgi cdng bang Thugng ton luat phap
Duy 1^^
Tdndu xa kpi
nong ngkiep than huu
Duy tinh
Lech lge xa kpi do site i cua gid tri truyen thdng
tieu cue dugc nhd
"Lam phat"
bang tien sT,
"Tifin sT giay"
Bieu kiin lich lgc
hop b l nhifim ngudi nha la: Ha Giang, Nghfi An, Thua Thifin - Hue, Dak Lak, Binh Dinh, Can Tho, Ba Ria - Viing Tau, Yfin Bai, Da Ning. (Bich Difip, 2017)
Ngoai ra, theo tfing hpp tu eae bao mang, cdn cd nhiing tinh thanh sau: Hai Duong, Ha Ndi, Gia Lai, Quang Nam.
Kfit qua trong lan dau tifin tifin hanh thim dinh cdng tac dao tao tien sT d cac trudng Dai hgc do Bp Giao dye - Dao tao (GD-DT) thyc hien frong hai nara 2013 va 2014: Cd dfin rapt nfla sfi ca sd dao tao khdng lam dung quy trinh dao tao tien sT. 2/3 nha tham dinh ddc lap danh gia luan an khdng dat yfiu cau (Nggc Ha, 2014).
Giao su Nguyen Minh Thuyfit:
Nhieu ngudi hudng dan khoa hpc chua theo kip su phat frifin cfla khoa hpc; quy trinh dao tao chua phu hpp; vific chim luan an thudng roi vao tinh trang hinh thuc, dT hda vi quy.
Dan ta cd cau "Mdt fram cai 1^ khdng bang mdt ti cai tinh". Trong each an d vdi nhau, frpng tinh la rapt nip sdng tdt. Nhumg trong cdng viec raa d l tinh at ly thi hdng hfit vific (Nggc Quang, 2016).
Giao su Do Trin Cat cho rang, hau hfit "anh em dugc vao hgi ddng" la nhflng ngudi de dai vdi dng tiiay hudng dan va nghifin ciiu sinh. Danh sach nay duge dua Ifin Bg GD-DT lai dugc nhiing ngudi khdng bilt v l chuyfin mdn, nganh nghfi xem xet.
Trong qua trinh cho diem, danh gia, nhftng ngudi ngfii trong hdi ddng thudng bi siic ep nfin hau h6t cho difim xuit sac, diem tdt mac dfl trfin thyc te luan an khfing dugc nhu thfi (Ha Ngi Mdi, 2006).
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3
Cac hifin tugng Ifich lac xa hdi ndi frfin chi la vi du tifiu bifiu cho rit nhifiu vln nan xa hdi khac dang tdn tai d Viet Nara hifin nay. Nhiing bifin tugng nay cho thiy cac gia fri tifiu cue cfla xa hgi ndng nghifip truyen thdng da len ldi vao nhifiu ITnh vyc boat dgng xa hfii, khien cho cac gia tti xa hpi hifin deii bi yfiu thfi trong cac quan he xa hdi CO ban.
Trong khi cac gia fri tien tien cua xa hpi hien dai chua dupe xac I^p, cac gia tri tdt dep cfla xa hpi truyen thdng lai raai mgt nhanh chdng. Cum tii "suy ddi dao due"
dugc su dung vdi tin suat cao tren cac phuong tifin trayfin thfing dai chiing cho tbay xa bgi dang dan cam nhan sy difin dien cfla giai doan khflng hoang gia tri d Viet Nam.
Bang 4: Sur suy yeu cua cac gia tri truyen thong n h u la mot trong nhung nguyen nhan cua cac hien tugng lech lac xa hgi if Vifit Nam
Cac gia fri dao diic tmyfin thdng (Hoang Phuc, 2015)
Ldng nhan ai thuang ngucri
Suy yeu gia tri
Vd cam
Bifiu hifin lech lac
Ngudi ta cd thfi than nhifin diing nhin canh rapt ke manh an hifip ke yeu; rapt vy nu sinh lot ao, giat tdc, danh hdi ddng; mdt vu lara nhuc ngudi khac... nhu xera mdt man kich, lay dien thoai ra quay rdi tung Ifin mang.
Ngudi ta coi nhu khdng nhin thiy ke gian mdc tiii ttfin xe buyt raac dfl vific dd xay ra sd sd trudc raat. Tfl nhiing chuyen tianh cai hay xd xat Iat vat nhung khdng ai Ifin tieng can ngan va thfi la dan tdi an mang.
Mdt bfinh nhan, hay nan nhan dugc dua tdi benh vien, cho dfl dang trong tinh trang thap tii nhat sinh, nhung khdng dugc ciiu chfta ngay vi cdn chd ngudi nha din Iam cac thfl tuc can thifit, ttong dd cd ca thu tyc "dau tien", din khi xong rapi thfl tuc thi dau cdn ngudi niia dfi ma ciiu chiia. Mdt vy tai nan trfin dudng vang, nan nhan nam tren vflng mau, xe gay ra tai nan da bd chay mat tara, cdn bao nhieu xe khac vh\ vun vut lao qua vi "qua ban", "qua vpi"...
Khdng chi ngudi dan ma tang ldp can bd - nbiing
"cdng bgc cfla dan" cung mac phai benh nay. Trong he thing cdng quyfin, nd thfi hifin d su thd a, d cac chieu
"danh vdng", gay khd khan, gay can frd, thay vific can phai Iam nhung khdng lam hoac dat ra nhiing ddi hdi trai khoay, cd tinh keo dai de vy lgi... khifin ngudi dan, 117
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN HIEN l^P 5 S6 3
Cac gia fri dao diic trayen thdng (Hoang Phflc, 2015)
Dflc tinh yfiu lao ddng, can cfl
Suy yeu gia tri
Ludi bifing
Bifiu hifin lech lac
doanh nghifip, cac td chiic xa hdi khi dfin he thdng cdng quyin dfiu khfing hai ldng, tham chi bat binh. Khfing thilu nhflng "cdng bpc" bupc dan phai dfin frinh bay lan nay lugt khac, tim each vdi vmh rdi radi giai quyet.
Tham chi, cd nhiing ngudi dang tam an chan cua thuang binh, gia dinh cbinh sach, ngudi tan tat, hd ngheo. Du Iuan gan day ndng Ien sy vd cam, tac frach cfla nhan vien y tfi dan den nhung cai chet oan udng cua ngudi dan.
Mudn chira benh thi phai fra tien trudc, cd chiit lot tay thi tifim dd dau hon, thay bang nhe nhang ban... Nhung vy bao mlu ngugc dai, hanh ha fre tha tai mpt sfi ca sd nudi day tte va bao nhieu chuyen dau Idng khac frong nganh giao due, nhirng tieu cue ttong nganh y tfi, nhung vu oan sai nghifim trpng frong nganh tu phap cho thay benh vfi cam dang dien ra ca frong nhiing ITnh vyc ciiu ngudi, day ngudi, bao vfi cfing ly (Hd Quang Lgi, 2014).
Viet Nam la qudc gia tifiu thy bia Idn nhat thfi gidi, tim kilm v l iPhone nhilu bac nhit tiifi gidi, tiet kifim de mua iPhone cung lau hang dau chau A.
Rieng vfi nhiing gia fri vat chat phyc vu cho viec cang mgt tim "phdng bat" chflng td gia fri cfla minh, ngudi Viet "cham chi" hang dau the gidi.
Dang tile, khl danh gia mdt qudc gia van minh, ngudi ta se khdng nhin vao vific ngudi dan dflng chiec difin thoai nao, Iai chile xe nao, ma nhin vao mu:c dp chara chi cfla qua frinh tifip thu nhiing gia fri van minh cua thfi gidi.
Rieng khoan nay, chung ta dang nam ttong nhdm nhung qudc gia ludi bilng nhat. Ludi bifing theo ca nghTa true tiep lan gian tiep.
Chung ta cd thfi nhm thiy su ludi bieng d bat kj' dau xung quanh minh. Mpt ngudi dieu khifin xe may cd the ngdi hang gid trong... toilet xem dien thoai, nhung lai qua ludi dimg den dd them 3 giay.
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3
Cac gia fri dao due trayfin thfing (Hoang Phuc, 2015)
Tiet kiem
Suy yeu gia fri
Lang phi, xahoa
Bifiu hifin le^h lac
Mdt ngudi Idn tudi sfing d mdt khu chung cu van rainh, nhung ludi thay ddi, ludi thich nghi va hp liy cd tudi gia dfi cd thfi thoai raai chen lan d sifiu thi, hoac nhung noi cfing cdng khac yfiu cau xfip hang nghifim tiic.
Mgt em nhd ludi van ddng, thay vi ra cdng vien chay choi lai chgn ngdi nha dan mat vao man hinh tivi.
Mgt ban tre ludi hpc tieng Anh va rdt cudc khi gap ngudi nudc ngoM, ban tte cudi ndi egt nha, dfla gian thieu y thfle de che lap di sy ddt nat cfla minh.
Rat nhieu Facebooker san sang ngfii ca ngay fren mang share lien tyc nhung can ndi hay cfla cac vT nhan, nhung hinh anh van minh d My, Nhat, Han, nhimg hp lai qua ludi bifing dfi lara dieu tuong tu.
Chung ta dang tao ra mdt thfi he ludi bieng... (Bao Nam, 2016)
Thur nhat la raua dfi dac khdng dflng vdi nhu cau sir dyng. Difin thoai chi can dfi nghe gpi nhung cii phai raua loai cam flng dit tiln. Cd may tinh ban, may tinh xach tay van mua thera may tinh bang. Cd iphone van cii sam thfim ipad, frong khi ipad chi dimg de chai game.
Ngudi giau co tiln cdn da, dang nay nhieu ngudi luang ba cpc ba ddng, tbam chi cac em sinh vien chua lara ra tiln cung chay dua, muc dich chi de khoe me.
Thu: hai la an udng vd cung lang phi. Di an hang thi gpi du mdn rdi dl thfta miia, an khdng hfit thi do di chii khfing bao gid gdi gem dem vfi. Trong khi cac nudc tu ban giau cd, hg chi ggi dfl an, an vet sach dTa, thira gdi mang vl. Ngay ca chuyfin chg bfla nau nudng frong gia dinh, nhifiu ngudi van cd thdi quen cii di sifiu thi la mua dfl thu, vfi tfing bfit vao tfl lanh, an khdng hfit tbi bd di.
Thfl ba la su dung difin nudc hoang phi. Cd gia dinh ehi hai vg chdng va diia con nhd ma dflng hon mdt frifiu tifin dien moi thang. Nhu cau thifit yfiu can phai diing khdng ndi lara gi, dang nay di ve sinh xong khdng 119
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN HIEN
cac gia fri dao diic tinyfin thong (Hoang Phflc, 2015)
Tinh thin hieu hpc, tdn su trpng dao
Suy yfiu
gia fri Bieu hien lech lac
tat dien, dien de sang choang tii tang trfin xudng tang dudi ra ban cdng, ti vi, may tinh bat song song, ndng ciing difiu hda, lanh cung dieu hda, ndng lanh de rfla tay, rira bat, rua rau ludn.
Thu tu la thich chai hang hifiu, dat tifin. Mua xe may phai xe tay ga mdi dSng cap. Quan ao, giay dep phai thuang hieu nudc ngoai, vai trieu rapt bd hay tham chi vai chyc frieu, frara frifiu mpt bp. Khdng phai gidi nghfi sT mdi chiu chi khoan nay dau nhe, dan thudng ciing nhifiu ke chiu choi lira, khdi^ tin cac ban cu thfl vao raly trang tam mua sim hang sang nhu Trang Tien, Parkson, The Garden, Royal City... thi biet.
Thli nam la tiiich tific tiing, an choi nhay mfla.
Ngudi Viet rainh ngheo nhung rat thich tific, Ifin luang an tiec, thang chflc an tific, sinh nhat cflng tiec, thfii nfii con ciing tific, 8/3 tific, 20/10 tific... tham chi cha can ly do gi ciing tific vi "tu tap cho vui". Mdi lan tiec la mdi lan tdn kem. Cd nhiing nguai luong thang chi dfl sinh boat ma van khdng chju vang mat bat cft budi tific nao.
Thu hdi cdn dau ra raa tich liiy. (Minh Thanh, 2013) Nhifiu vu vific hpc frd danh thay cd giao xay ra frong nhiing nam gan day khifin du Iuan phan no.
- Thanh Chuang - Nghi An:
+ Nam sinh chera thay giao frpng thuong vi bi nha tradng thdng bao vfi gia dinh viec hpc hanh sa siit va thudng xuyfin bd hgc di chai.
+ Hpc sinh cat frpc dau, thiy giao yeu cau gap thay Phd Hifiu ttudng chuyen frach xm phep mdi cho vao ldp.
Hpc sinh khdng nghe, bd v l nha, gpi thfim hai ngudi ban, ddn danh thiy bang ong sat va dap hdng xe may cua thay.
- Ninh Thugn: Bi nhac lara bai tap. Nam sinh danh cd giao gay mfli, bat tinh
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3
Cac gia fri dao due trayfin thdng (Hoang Phiic, 2015)
Thfly chung
Suy yiu gia tri
Ngoai tinh
Bieu hien lech lac
- Hd Npi: Nam sinh dung gay sSt danh thay trpng thuang do thay danh diu sfi bufii nam sinb ngbi hpc vao sd theo ddi.
- Hd Chi Minh: Tft choi mac ddng phyc, hpc sinh Idp 10 danh vd dau thay giao ngay ttong gid hpc
(Han Hiln, 2016)
Cudc dieu fra do Bg Van hda - Thfi thao va Du Lich, phdi hgp vdi Tdng cue Thdng kfi, vdi sy hd trg cfla UNICEF cho thay, sd vu ly hdn dang tang nhanh. Neu nam 2000 chi cd 51.361 vu ly hdn thi nam 2005 da tang Ifin 65.929 vu. Ngudi vg dftng dan ly hdn hien gap 2 Ian so vdi ngudi chdng dung don. Ngudi tdt nghiep dai hgc, cao dang cd t^ lfi Iy hdn tfl 1,7- 2%, thip ban ty le 4- 6%
cfla ngudi khdng cd bang cap. Sd nam sdng trang binh trudc khi ly hfin cfla cac cap vg chong 18- 60 tufii la 9,4 nam; cdn rifing d cac khu vuc ngi thanh, cac tbanh phfi ldn, chi 8 nam. Cd 4 nguyfin nhan thudng xay ra nhifiu la: Mau thuan vfi ldi sdng: (ehiira 27,7%); ngoai tinh (25,9%); kinh t l (13%); bao lyc gia dinh (6,7%) (HTH, 2014).
Tdm lai, sy dinh hinh he gia tri chuan myc mdi d Viet Nam hifin dai la mpt qua frinh day mau thuan gifta cac gia tri radi chua dupc xac lap vi thfi viing chac, mat tieu cue cfla cac gia tri cfl cdn manh me va sy mai mot cfla mpt sfi gia tri trayfin thdng cot Idi. Chinh sy xung dot nay da gay nen hien tugng khflng hoang gia tri cfla xa hpi Viet Nam thdi hpi nhap. Day la mdt trong nhiing nguyfin nhan chinh gay nfin cac hien tugng lech lac xa hgi cd nguy ca gay nguy co xung dot va khflng hoang xa hdi.
3.3. Cff cki tdc dpng cda tki chi uu thi din gid tri xd kpi - mpt su dien dick / / tkuyet
Bat ky mdt be thdng xa hdi nao cung bifin ddi de thich nghi vdi mdi tradng ben ngoai ludn tbay ddi. Do dd, sy bifin ddi, xao trdn, xung dot va tham chi khflng hoang gia tri la difiu binh thudng cua sy van ddng xa hpi, nhat la vao giai doan mpt he thdng xa hdi phai thyc hifin su chuyen ddi de thich nghi va hpi nhap vdi cac he thdng xa bfii khac. Trong qua trinh nay, xa hdi se xay ra hien tugng "mat phuong 1 2 1
TAP CHf KHOA HOC DAI HOC V A N HI^'N TAP 5 sd 3 hudng tara thdi" do xa hpi chua xac lap
dugc mdt he gia tri chung, thich ung vdi mdi trudng radi. Trong hoan canh ay, su lech lac xa hdi dfi xuat bifin trong cac mdi quan he xa hdi, nhat la d quan he kinh te, chinh tri, phap luat, cdng ddng.
Ci mpt he thdng xa hdi ly tudng, thfi chfi ehinh fri se thuc hien chuc nang budng dich (goal attainment') giflp cho toan xa hdi hieu muc dich cfla giai doan chuyen ddi va cac gia tri ky vgng khi hoan tbanh qua frinh qua do nay. Tbfi chfi pbap Iuat se thyc hifin chftc nang lifin kfit (intertion*) cac nhdm xa hdi, cac the chfi xa hdi khac bang nhiing quy pham phap Iuat, giflp tang tinh cd ket xa hdi. Nhd cd hai sy frg giflp tft the che chinh tri va phap luat, thfi chfi kinh tfi (vdn la nfin tang cua tat ca cac dinh chfi va quan be xa bpi) se phat huy chftc nang thich ftng (adaptation ) vfin cd cfla rainh bang each tan dung tfii da cac ngudn luc de dam bao sy tdn tai vat chat cua xa hdi, tao difiu kien cho cac thfi che xS hdi cdn lai dfii mdi phfl hop vdi hoan canh xa hpi da thay ddi. Hoat ddng song song vdi cac thfi chfi trfin la the chfi van hda se thyc hifin chuc nang duy tri khudn mau lan (latent pattern maintenance^) bang each Iuu gift cac gia fri fruyfin thdng phu hop, tiep thu cac gia tri hifin dai dfi hinh thanh he gia tri xa hdi radi dugc da sd cac nhdra xa hpi tan thanh. Nhiing gia fri, chuan myc mdi nay, sau khi dugc xac lap, se dugc trayen lai cbo cac the he ke tifip theo con dudng xa hgi hda. He gia tri nay se thong fri xa hdi cho den khi mfii trudng xa hpi thay dfii va nhu cau thiet lap mpt he gia tri mdi xuat hifin. Lflc nay, cac thfi chfi xa hdi
lai tilp tue thuc hifin cac chuc nang cua minh de, rapt iln niia, giup he thdng thich nghi va phat triln.
Difiu kifin tifin quyfit dfi mfit he thong xa hdi cd the tai san xuat cac gia tri xa hdi va dinh hinh he gia fri xa hgi mdi, phii hpp vdi moi trudng mdi !a: mdi the che frong he thfing xa hpi dugc phat friln binh thudng va khdng xam pham cac thfi che khac, tao nfin mgt moi tnrang sinh thai xa hdi dn dinh. Trong qua frinh tucmg tae giua cac the che, nfiu mdt thfi chfi chifim uu the vdi tat ca nhftng the chfi cdn lai va ap dat he gia tri cfla minh vao cac the che khac thi se xay ra xung dot giua nen van hda chimg va cac tieu van hda. Khi ay, cac thfi chfi yeu the, be ngoai td ra chap nhan he gia tri thdng tri, mat kbac van duy fri he gia tri rifing ddi lflc ddi nghich. Dieu nay dan den rdi loan gia tri. Bfin canh dd, cac the che yeu the trong khi tucmg tac vdi thfi che uu thfi va hoac cac thfi chfi yiu thfi khac se tu
"san xuat" ra cac gia tri mdi dfi thich flng.
cac gia fri mdi nay tdn tai ngam ben dudi he thfing gia tri chinh thdng nhu la nhiing quy tac bat thanh van, thudng mang tinh tifiu eye, phan gia tri. Hifin trang nay khifin cho cac gia tri cu bi xdi mdn, gia fri mdi khd dugc xac lap va gay ra khflng hoang gia tri toan xa hdi. Khi ay, xa hdi mat dinh hudng, phan ra, mat kha nang thich ftng va cd thfi gSy ra xung dot xa hdi frfin difin rdng dan dfin khung hoang xa hdi.
4. Ket luan
Nghifin ciiu cho thay he gia fri xa hgi Viet Nam hifin dai la mpt phuc hgp ciia nhilu gia tri khac bifit, mau thuan va xung ' ^-^ Cac thuat ngft dirge T.Parson (1902-1979) su dung trong 1^ thuydt HS thing xa hoi cua ong cong bl nam 1951. Tham khao them tai (Vu Quang Ha, 2002).
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3
dot vdi ba xu budng: (1) Gia fri cfla xa hdi cong nghiep hifin dai chua dflng vung, (2) Khia canh tieu euc cfla cac gia fri cu cdn manh rae, (3) Sy raai radt cua mdt sd gia fri fruyen thdng cdt loi. Chinh su xung dot nay da gay nen hien tugng khflng hoang gia fri cfla xa hdi Viet Nam thdi hdi nhgp.
Sy khflng hoang gia fri va phan ra xa hdi cd thfi dugc kifim soat nfiu cac tbfi chfi xa hdi, dac bifit la thfi chfi chinh tri va phap luat thyc Men tdt cac chftc nang cfla minh va gianh khdng gian boat ddng thich dang cho cac the chfi xa hgi khac. Ngugc lai, su banh tradng va thao tflng qua muc cfla bat ky mgt the che nao ciing se lam tram frgng hon sy xung dot va khflng hoang gia tri, gay chia re xa hdi va day toan bp be thong xa hdi vao khflng hoang.
Nghifin cftu cho thay he gia tri Viet
Nam hifin dai khong chi la sy dan xen gifta gia tri cu va gia fri radi trong radt mfi hinh bat bifin ma dungbon, day la rapt qua trinh ty dinh hinh gia tri theo radt quy luat dac thfl va phflc tap, trong do, cd su dao thai cae gia tri ngoai lai, sy chpn Ipc cac gia trj cu (chdng lai sy suy thoai va khia canh tifiu cue eua gia fri trayfin thong) va tiep thu cac gia fri mdi. Bfin canh dd, each tifip can he thdng cung cho thay nguyen nhan chinh can ttd sy xac lap he gia tri hifin dai - cfing nghifip nam d cac thfi chfi xa hpi chifim uu thi cfla chinh he thong xa hpi Viet Nam, chu khfing phai tu mdi traong hdi nhap kinh tfi hoac do van hanh nen kinh te thi tradng. Nhu vay, nghien cftu ve gia tri xa hpi Viet Nam, can xera nd nhu mpt ddi tupng cd su van ddng npi tai va hudng tdi mpt each nhin he thfing.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1]. Cye An Toan Lao Ddng, Bg Lao dpng Thuong binh Xa hdi (2017), Thdng bao tinh hinh tai nan iao ddng nam 2016.
[2]. Bich Difip (2017), "Ca nha lam quan" hay chuyen lam dyng quyfin lyc da din hdi bao ddng.
[3]. Tran Nggc Duy (2016), Lifin tiJC xay ra tai nan lao dfing trong nganh tiian: Ky luat an toan bi xem nhe.
[4]. Dang Thi Phuang Duyfin (2013), Vai trd cua gia tri van hda trayin thdng ddi vdi vific dinh hinh van hda cho ldi sdng d con ngudi Viet Nam hien nay, Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, 97-lOA.
[5]. Ngpe Ha (2014), Nhfin nhao nhu dao tao tiln sT.
[6]. Vu Quang Ha (2002), Xa hdi hgc dai cucmg, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi.
[7]. Han Hiln (2016), Nhftng vu hpc trd danh thiy cfi gay phan no [81. HTH (2014), Giat mmh vfi con sd thdng kfi cua gia dinh Viet.
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TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAl HOC VAN HIEN
[9]. Inlehart R. (2008), Hien dai hda va Hau hifin dai hda, Chinh fri Qudc gia.
[10], Hd Quang Lgi (2014), Vd cam - Cai chfit tu trong tam hdn.
[11]. Do Huy, Nguyen Thu NghTa (2014), Bang gia fri cfla van hda Vi?t Nam trong hanh frinh chuyfin tft tmyen thdng sang hien dai, Khoa hgc xd hpi Viit Nam, 102-112.
[12]. HaNdi Mdi (2006), Hdi ddng bao vfi Iuan an tien sT de dai vdi nghifin cftu sinh.
[13]. Bao Nam (2016) Ngudi Viet dang tao ra mgt the he ludi bilng.
[14]. Nguyen Xuan NghTa (1998), Xa hgi hgc: Khai nifim - Khuynh hudng - Van de, Dai hgc Md Ban Cdng TP.Hd Chi Mmh.
[15]. Vo Nguyen Hoai Nhu (2015), Kfi thfta cac gia tri tinh than trayen thdng trong hien dai hda xS hdi. Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, 78-84.
[16]. Trin ST Phan (2016), Xung dot he gia frj tinh than va xay dyng he gia tri cfla con ngudi Viet Nam. Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam, 20-26.
[17]. Hoang Phuc (2015), Bao tdn va phat huy gia fri trayfin thfing - Nen tang cfla dao diic radi cho thfi be tbanh nifin Viet Nara hifin nay.
[18]. v a n Phuc (2016), Ty Ie Iao ddng Viet Nara qua dao tao nghi chi dat 38,5%.
[19]. Vu Hao Quang (2014), Ly thuyfit gia tri va mfi hinh bifin ddi gia fri ttong nghifin ciiu xa hpi hpc. Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, 63-72.
[20]. Nggc Quang (2016), "Thii that, tdi rat ngai tham gia hdi ddng cham luan an tifin sf.
[21], Minh Thanh (2013), ST difin, tifiu hoang da an vao mau ngudi Viet!
[22]. Ha Thu (2016), Lam phat dao tao tiln sT: Nhihig tifin sT trong cudc ndi gi ?
