QM edeh Ut fthAft. 86 10 (247)-2012
HOAN I H I C N THi(M Q1IY£N
cdA HOI D6NG GIAM DtfC TH/CHI THEO TINH I H ^ CAI CACH Tir PHAP
• ThS. N G U Y I N VAN TRl/ONG
L Vai net ve tham quyen ciia Hoi dong giam doc tham trong Luat To tung hinh sy Viet Nam Giam ddc tham ndi chung, tham quyen cfla Hdi ddng gidm ddc thdm ndi rieng Id nhflng thu tuc td tung quan trpng trong Ludt Td tung hinh sy Viet Nam. Nghien cim cac van ban quy pham phdp luat cua Nhd nudc ta ve tham quyen cfla Hdi ddng giam ddc thdm d mdi giai doan cho thdy cd nhflng su'a ddi, bd sung, phfl hgp vdi nhan thurc, mirc dp phat trien xd hdi vd dap iing ddi hdi cua thyc tien dat ra trong timg giai doan lich sir cua dat nudc.
Trong giai doan tir nam 1945 den nam 1980, tham quyen cua Hdi ddng giam ddc tham dugc quy dinh tai Thdng tu sd 02/TT ngdy 13/1/1959 cua Bd Tu phdp nhu sau: Toa an nhdn dan tdi cao cd tham quyen: Ddi vdi nhung vu an xir oan thi ra quyet djnh vira tieu dn vira tha ngay cho can pham;
ddi vdi nhflng vu an tdi nang xu nhe thi ra quyet djnh tieu an vd giao cho Tod dn nhan dan cdp tinh xu lai de tang mirc an len cho thod dang (vi du dang xur 20 nam nhung chi xir 15 nam); ddi vdi nhung vu an tdi nhe xu nang thi chi xir tieu an Irong hudng hgp cd sy chenh lech ddng ke, it nhdt la tren 2 nam.
Din nam 1980, Qudc hdi thdng qua Hien phdp ndi, nam 1981 Ludt Td chuc Tod dn nhdn dan vd -udt Td churc Vien kiem sdt nhdn ddn cflng dugc ua ddi, bd sung. Theo cdc van bdn phap ludt ndy.
Uy ban tham phdn va cdc Toa chuyen trdch cfla Tod an nhdn ddn tdi cao cd tham quyen: Bde khdng nghj vd giflr nguyen bdn dn, quyet djnh da cd hieu lye phdp luat cfla co quan xet xir cfl; buy bd bdn dn, quyet dinh da cd hieu lye phap luat, dinh chi vy dn hoac chuyen vu an ve dieu tra lai hoac xet xir lai theo trinh ty so tham; buy bd bdn dn, quyet djnh phuc tham vd mgi quyet djnh tiep theo de dua ra xet xu lai mdt lan nua. Rieng Uy ban tham phdn Tda dn nhan dan tdi cao cdn cd thdm quyen buy bd bdn an, quyet dinh giam ddc thdm cfla Tod chuyen trdch de xet xir lai theo trinh ty gidm ddc tbdm.
Nam 1988, Qudc hdi thdng qua Bd luat Td tung hinh sy dau tien cfla nhd nudc ta. Tham quyen cfla Hdi ddng gidm ddc thdm dugc quy dinh tai Dilu 254 Bd luat Td tung hinh sy nam 1988 nhu sau: Khdng chap nhdn khdng nghj va giii nguyen bdn an hodc quyet djnh da cd hieu lye phap ludt; buy ban an hoac quyet dinh dd cd hieu lye phdp ludt vd dinh chi vu dn; buy ban dn hodc quyet dinh da cd hieu lye phdp luat de dieu tra lai hoac xet xu lai; sura ban an hoac quyet dinh da cd hieu lye phap ludt.
Nam 2003, Bd ludt Td tung hinh sy dupe sira ddi, bd sung todn dien, trong dd cd quy dinh ve thdm quyin cua Hdi ddng giam ddc thdm. Theo Dilu 285 Bd ludt Td tung hinh sy, Hdi ddng gidm ddc tham cd quyen ra quyet dinh: Khdng ehdp
Dan chu & Phdp ludt
§di edektd fihdfi. 86 10 (247)-2012
nhan khdng nghi vd giii nguyen bdn dn hoac quyet djnh da cd hieu lye phap luat; buy ban dn hoac quyet dinh da cd hieu lye phdp ludt va dinh chi vu an; buy ban dn hoac quyet djnh da cd hieu lye phdp luat de dieu tra lai hoac xet xir lai.
Nhu vdy, quy djnh phap luat td tung hinh sy ve tbdm quyen cua Hdi ddng gidm ddc thdm deu cd su thay ddi qua cac giai doan phdt trien cua phdp ludt td tung hinh sy Viet Nam. Thdi ky ddu, Hdi ddng gidm ddc thdm cbi cd tbdm quyen huy an vd dinh chi •vu dn bode huy dn de xet xu lai; den giai doan 1980 -1988 cd them tham quyen buy bdn an, quyet dinh da cd hieu lye phdp luat de dieu tra lai;
giai doan 1988 - 2003 cd them tham quyen sua bdn an, quyet djnb da cd hieu lye phdp luat; giai doan tir 2003 den nay, Hpi ddng gidm ddc thdm khdng cdn thdm quyen sura ban an hoac quyet djnh da cd hieu lye phdp luat.
2. Van de hoan thien tham quyen ciia Hoi dong giam doc tham
Tir khi cd Nghj quyet sd 49-NQ/TW ngay 2/6/2005 cua Bd Chinh tri "ve Chien luge cdi cdch tu phdp den nam 2020", vdn de hodn thien phdp luat td tung hinh sy, trong dd cd yeu cdu hoan thien thu tuc gidm ddc tbdm ndi chung va van de hodn thien tham quyen cfla Hdi ddng gidm ddc thdm ndi rieng dupe cdc ca quan lap phdp, tu phap vd cdc chuyen gia td tung hinh sy quan tam. Hien nay cd nhieu quan diem ve van de nay.
Quan diem thw nhat cho rang, theo quy djnh cua Bd ludt Td tung hinh sy hien hdnh, thdm quyen cua Hdi ddng gidm ddc tham khdng chi gidi ban d viec kiem tra tinh hgp phdp cua ban an, quyet djnh da cd hieu lye phap ludt cua Tod an cap dudi khi "cd sy vi pham nghiem trpng thu tuc td tung trong khi dieu tra, truy td hoac xet xu"
(khodn 3 Dieu 273) hoac "khi cd nhflng sai lam nghiem trpng trong viec dp dung Bd luat Hinh su"
(khodn 4 Dieu 273) md cdn kiem tra tinh cd can cu cua ban dn, quyet djnh da cd bieu lye phdp luji cfla Toa an cap dudi khi "viec dieu tra, xet hdi tai phien tod phien dien hoac khdng day du" (khoan 1 Dieu 273) hoac khi "ket ludn cfla ban an hoac quyet djnb khdng phu hpp vdi nhfing tinh \\k khdeh quan cua vy an" (khodn 2 Dieu 273). DiSu ndy cd nghTa. Hdi ddng gidm ddc tbdm khdng chi xem xet van de dp dung phap luat (cd phdp luat vJ ndi dung vd phap luat ve td tung) md cdn xem xet cd vdn de danh gia chumg cii cua vu an. Thyc tien boat ddng giam ddc tham thdi gian qua cho thay neu dp dung triet de tham quyen gidm ddc tham trong viec ddnh gid lai chirng cur cfla vu an nhu hien nay thi se ddn den thu tuc gidm ddc tham dugc thyc hien khdng cdn nguyen nghTa la thu tyc dac biet niia md gdn gidng vdi tbu hic cfla mot cap xet xir, ddn den trong thyc te nhieu ngudi coi giam ddc tham Id cap xet xu thii ba. Dd cung la mot phdn ly do tai sao thu tuc giam ddc thdm cua nhieu nudc tren the gidi chi xem xet van de dp dung phap ludt md hdu nhu khdng xem xet lai cac tinh tiet thyc te cua vu dn. Tir phan tich tren, quan diem ndy cho rang phdp luat td tung hinh sy nudc ta can sua ddi theo hudng bd can cir khdng nghi giam ddc thdm quy dinh tai khodn 1 vd khodn 2 Dieu 273, cung nhu bd thdm quyen buy ban an hoac quylt dinh da cd hieu lye phap ludt cfla Hdi dong giam ddc thdm khi cd can cii quy dinh tai khoan 1 hoac khodn 2 Dieu 273.
Quan diem thw hai cho rdng, viec sira doi thdm quyin cua Hdi ddng gidm ddc thdm can dai trpng tdm vdo viec xem xet lai viec dp dung phap ludt, cdn \ iec xem xet van de ddnh gia chung cu
Ddn chu & Phap ludt
Qai edjek lu pkdp. 86 10 (247)-2012
chi nen dat ra trong trudng hgp dac biet, vi du trudng hgp "ket ludn trong ban dn khdng phu hgp vdi nhirng tinh tiet khdeh quan cfla vu dn". Do dd, can bd can cu' khang nghi giam ddc tbdm vd thdm quyen huy ban an, quyet djnh da cd bieu lye phap luat trong trudng hgp "viec dieu tra xet hdi tai phien toa phien dien hoac khdng day dfl" de dieu tra lai hoac xet xir lai quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dilu 273. Viec bd can cir khdng nghj giam ddc thdm nay se cd tac dyng kep: Mdt mat gdp phan tang cudng tinh chat dac biet cfla thu tuc gidm ddc thdm; mat khdc la co sd de nang cao vai trd, trach nhiem xet xir cua Tod dn, bdo dam viec pban quyet cua Tod an phai can cir chu yeu vdo ket qud tranb tung tai phien tda'.
Quan diem thw ba lgi cho rang, gidm ddc tham la mdt hinh thiic ddc biet cfla hoat ddng gidm ddc xet xu. Id viec giam sat xet xir cfla Tod an cap tren ddi vdi boat ddng xet xir cua Tod dn cdp dudi nen ddi tugng cfla gidm ddc tham dugc xde djnh Id bdn dn hoac quyet djnh da cd hieu lye phdp luat.
Vi vay, chi cd nhimg sai ldm nghiem trpng ve mat phdp luat trong boat ddng xet xu cua Tod an the hien trong bdn an hoac quyet djnb da cd hieu lye phap luat mdi la can cii de khdng ngbi gidm ddc thdm; cdn nhfing vi pham phap ludt ngbiem trpng trong giai doan dieu tra khdng phdi la can cur de khdng nghj gidm ddc tham va khdng pbdi la ddi tugng xem xet cfla Tod dn cap giam ddc tham. Do dd, can sua ddi thdm quyin cua Hdi ddng giam ddc thdm theo hudng bd thdm quyen huy ban dn hoac quyet djnh da cd hieu lye phap luat de dieu [ra lai^.
Chung tdi cho rang, viec hodn thien tbdm quyin cua Hpi dong gidm ddc thdm thdi gian tdi 3hdi can cir vao nhirng yeu td sau:
Phai xuat phat tir quan diem ve cai cdch tu phdp dugc the hien trong van kien, nghj quyet cfla Ddng. Nghi quylt sd 49-NQ/TW ngdy 2/6/2005 cfla Bd Chinh trj "ve Chien luge cdi cdch tu phdp den nam 2020" xac djnh phuong hudng hodn thien cdc thfl tuc td tyng tu phap Id "bdo dam tinh ddng bd, ddn chfl, cdng khai, minh bach, tdn trpng \a bdo ve quyen con ngudi" Ve nhiem vu hodn thien phap ludt td tung Nghi quyet chi rd: "Timg budc hodn thien thfl tuc gidm ddc tham, tdi thdm theo budng quy dinh chat che nhung can cir khang nghi vd quy djnh rd trdch nhiem cfla ngudi ra khdng nghi ddi vdi ban an hoac quyet djnh cua Tod an da cd hieu lye phdp luat; khdc phye tinh trang khdng nghj trdn lan, thieu can cii". Nhu vdy, dinh hudng hoan tbien thfl tuc gidm ddc tbdm theo tinh thdn cai cdch tu phap dugc xac djnh rd Id: Quy dinh chat che can cur khdng nghj, khac phuc tinh trang khang nghj trdn lan vd ddm bdo dan chu, cdng khai, tdn trpng va bdo ve quyen con ngudi.
- Phdi can ciir vdo thyc tien thi hanh quy dinh cua Bd ludt Td tung hinh sy nam 2003 ve thu tuc gidm ddc tham. Qua nghien cun 259 quyet dinh gidm ddc tham cua cdc Toa an: Tod dn nhan dan tdi cao, Tda dn nhan dan thdnh phd Hd Ndi, Tda dn nhan dan thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh trong nhfing nam gdn day, chung tdi nit ra mdt sd nhan xet sau:
+ Hdi ddng gidm ddc thdm cua cdc Tod an khdng chi ra ba loai quyet dinh nhu quy dinh tai Dilu 285 Bd luat Td tung hinh sy md cdn ra nhihig loai quylt dinh khdc, khdng dugc quy dinh trong dilu luat. Cu thi: Huy mpt phan ban dn, khdng dinh chi, khdng dieu tra, xet xu lai md de tdng hgp lai hinh phat theo khoan 3 Dilu 51 Bd ludt Hinh sy; chi buy quylt djnh ke bien tdi sdn. Dac biet, mdt sd quylt dinh gidm ddc tham lai buy dn de
Ddn chu & Phap ludt
€di edek td fihdfi. 86 10 (247)-2012
truy td, xet xur lai.
+ Nhfing trudng hgp buy bdn an da cd hieu lye phdp luat de dinh chi vu an rat it khi xdy ra va chi chiem ty le nhd. Trong 259 vu dn gidm ddc tham dugc khdo sdt chi cd 6 vy bj buy vd dinh chi, trong dd: 2 vu buy vd dinh chi theo khodn 2 Dieu 107 Bd luat Td tung hinh sy (hanh vi khdng cdu thanh tdi pham); 1 vu bi buy vd dinh chi theo khoan 4 Dieu 107 (ngudi md hdnh vi pham tdi cua hg da cd ban dn cd hieu lye phdp luat); I vu buy do ngudi bi ket dn chet; 1 vu huy quyet dinh ve dan sy; 1 vu buy quyet dinh xii ly vdt chiing. Mdt sd vu khdng nghi yeu cau buy an vd dinh chi vu dn nhung Hdi ddng gidm ddc thdm lai buy dn de dieu tra lai.
+ Sd dn bj buy de dieu tra lai chiem khoang 1/5 trong tdng sd an giam ddc thdm. Ly do buy de dieu tra lai phdn ldn Id: Viec truy td, xet xir khdng dung tdi danh ddn den dudng ldi xir ly cd sai lam nghiem trpng hodc bd lot ngudi, Ipt tdi pham; viec dieu tra chua day du dan den thieu can cii ket tpi;
ket luan trong ban an khdng phfl hgp vdi cac tinh tiet khach quan cua •vu dn hodc cac chiimg cii mdu thudn vdi nhau din den sai lam trong viec dp dung Bp luat Hinh sy. Dieu dang chu y la trudng hgp truy td, xet xur sai tdi danh, neu Uy ban tham phdn Tda dn nhdn ddn TP. Hd Chi Minh gidm ddc tham thi huy dn de truy td, xet xu lai; cdn neu Tod dn nhan dan tdi cao gidm ddc thdm thi huy dn de dieu tra lai.
+ Da sd an bi buy de xet xu lai (chiem 2/3). Ly do huy la do Tod an cap dudi xir sai tdi danh, trong khi Vien kiem sdt truy td diing hoac dp dung dieu khodn cua Bd ludt Hinh sy khdng dung dan den dudng ldi xir ly cd sai lam nghiem trpng; xflr phat ngudi pham tdi qud nhe hoac qua nang; cho hudng dn treo khdng cd can cii; sai lam trong viec dp
dung bien phdp tu phdp hodc xu ly vat chimg; vi pham thfl tuc td tung trong giai doan xet xu; cap phuc tham vi pham quy djnh vl pham vi xet xii phuc tham.
Xudt phat tir yeu cdu hodn thien thu tuc giam ddc tham theo tmh thdn cai each tu phdp va thuc tien boat ddng gidm ddc tbdm d Viet Nam nhu neu tren, chiing tdi cd mdt sd y kien ve viec hoan thien tham quyen cua Hdi ddng gidm ddc tham nhu sau:
Thw nhat, chung tdi khdng ddng tinh vdi quan diem bd can cir khdng nghj gidm ddc tham va thdm quyen buy bdn an, quyet dinh da cd hieu luc phdp ludt trong trudng hgp "viec dieu tra xet hoi tai phien toa phien dien hoac khdng ddy du" ciing nhu quan diem bd thdm quyen huy bdn an hoac quyet dinh da cd hieu luc phdp ludt de dieu tra lai.
Bdi le, trong bdi cdnh md hinh td tung tu phap 6 nudc ta chua dugc khang dinh, dieu kien, phuong tien tbu thap chiing cir khi cd tdi pham xdy ra cua CO quan vd ngudi tien hdnh td tung cdn gap nhieu khd khan, trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghiep vu cua khdng it dieu tra vien, kiem sat vien, tham phan cdn ban che thi nhiing sai lam trong viec thu thap chiing cii, dieu tra xet hdi lam sang td cdc tinh tiet cua vu an chua the khac phuc. Vi vdy, quy dinh ve thdm quyen cua cua Hdi ddng giam ddc tham dugc buy ban an da cd hieu lye phdp luat khi phat hien viec dieu tra xet hdi cdn phien dien hoac khdng day du vdn rdt can thiet, bdi dieu ndy se tao CO sd phdp ly cho Toa an cap gidm ddc tham c6 the kilm tra cd tinh cd can cir va tinh hgp phap cua ban dn da cd hieu lye phdp ludt, qua dd khac phuc sai ldm cua Tod dn cdp dudi mdt each triet de. Tuy nhien, thyc tien gidm ddc thdm cfla Tod an cdc cap nhilu nam qua cho thay cd nhirng bdn dn da co hieu lye phdp ludt bi huy khdng phdi do viec dieu
EI3 Ddn chu & Phap ludt
-vdt edjeh Ut fihdfi 86 10 (247)-2012
J fra xet hdi tai phien tod cdn phien dien hoac chua I day du md do viec dilu tra xet hdi trong giai doan dieu fra khdng ddy du, todn dien. Vi vdy, chung tdi I de nghj sira ddi can cir khdng nghj theo thu tuc J giam ddc thdm quy dinh tai khodn 1 Dilu 273 Bd
; luat Td tung binb sy theo hudng bd ba chfi' "tai phien tda" Ndi dung cua can cii ndy se la: Viec tdieu fra xet hdi phien dien hoac khdng day dfl.
. Tuang ty nhu tham quyen cfla Toa an cdp phuc .tham buy ban dn so tham dl dilu fra lai khi thdy viec dieu tra d cap sa thdm (chir khdng phdi chi cd tai phien tod) khdng ddy du md cdp phuc thdm . khdng the ty bd sung dugc.
Thir hai, ve tham quyen buy bdn an hodc quylt djnh da cd hieu lye phap luat vd dinh chi vu an (Dieu 286 ), chflng tdi cho rang quy dinh ndy cd nhiing diem chua hgp ly, can dugc nghien cfln sua ddi, bd sung. Trong bdy can cir khdng dugc khdi td vu an hinh sy quy djnh tai Dieu 107 thi can cii thii nhat (khdng cd sy viec pham tdi) vd can cur thur hai (hdnh vi khdng cdu thdnh tpi pham) cd tinh chat khac biet so vdi cac can ciir dugc quy dinh tir khodn 3 den khoan 7. Nhirng can cii quy dinh tir khodn 3 den khodn 7 Dieu 107 la nhflng can cii nang ve mat khdeh quan, it phu thudc hoac khdng phy thupe vdo sy xem xet, danh gid cua cdc ca quan vd ngudi tien hdnh td tung. Ngugc lai, can cur dugc quy djnh tai khodn 1 va khodn 2 Dieu 107 Bd ludt Td tyng hinh sy la nhfing can cii ndng ve yeu td chfl quan, phu thudc nhieu vao viec xem xet, danh gid cua co quan vd ngudi tien hdnh td tung. Cd hdnh vi Vien kiem sat cho rang dfl yeu td cau thdnh tdi pham nhung Tod an lai cho rang :hua dfl yeu td. Trong trudng hgp nay, neu d giai loan chudn bj xet xir thi thdm phdn dugc phan :dng chu toa phien tod cd quyen ra quyet djnh frd
hd so de dieu fra bd sung. Neu Vien kiem sat khdng dieu tra bd sung, vdn gifir quan dilm la cd tdi thi Tod dn khdng dupe dan phuang ra quylt djnh dinh chi vy an md phdi ra quylt djnh dua vy dn ra xet xir. Tren co sd xet hdi vd franh luan cdng khai tai phien tod, niu Hdi ddng xet xu thdy khdng cd sy viec pham tdi hoac hdnh vi cua bj cao khdng cau thanb tdi pham tbi pbdi ra bdn an tuyen bd bj cao vd tdi. Trudng hgp bj cao bi Toa dn cap so tham tuyen bd Id cd tdi nhung Tod dn cdp phuc thdm thay khdng cd tdi thi cflng phdi ra bdn dn tuyen bd hi cdo vd tdi. Nhu vay, khi mdt ngudi bj Vien kiem sdt budc tdi, truy td trudc Tod dn bdng bdn cdo trang, neu khdng cd tdi thi Toa an pbdi tuyen bd bi cdo khdng cd tdi bdng mdt ban an;
hoac neu bdn dn sa tham tuyen bd bi cdo pham tdi thi khi khdng cd su viec pham tdi bay hdnh vi cua bi cdo khdng cau thdnh tdi pham. Tod an cdp phuc thdm ciing phdi ra bdn dn, buy bdn dn so thdm, tuyen bd bi cdo khdng cd tdi vd dinh chi vu dn (Dieu 251). Trong khi dd, Dieu 286 Bd ludt Td tyng hinh sy quy djnh cd trudng hpp neu Hdi ddng gidm ddc tham thay khdng cd sy viec pham tdi hoac hdnh vi cua ngudi bj ket an khdng cdu tbdnh tdi pham (khodn I, khoan 2 Dieu 107) deu chi ra quyet dinh buy bdn dn da cd hieu lye phdp ludt vd dinh chi vy an. Viec chi ra quyet djnh buy bdn dn da cd bieu lye phdp luat vd dinh chi vu an, cham diit to tung ddi vdi vy an bang thu tuc dan gian, miic dp cdng khai ban hep, khdng khang djnh sy vd tpi cua ngudi bj ket an theo chung tdi Id khdng thod ddng, khdng dam bdo sy cdng bang gifira trudng hpp buy an vd dinh chi •vu an do ca quan tiln hdnh td tung ldm oan ngudi vd tdi vdi cdc tnrdng hop khdc, khdng tao co sd day du de khdi phuc cdc quyen vd lgi ich hgp phdp cho ngudi bi
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
Qui edeh id fihdfi 8610(247)^2012
ket an, ddng thdi chua dap ung yeu cau cdi cdch tu phap.
Tu sy phdn tich fren, chung tdi cho rang cdn sua ddi, bd sung Dieu 286 Bd ludt Td tung hinh sy theo hudng khi cd can cii quy djnh tai khoan I vd khodn 2 Dieu 107 thi Hdi ddng gidm ddc tham phdi ra quyet dinh buy bdn an da cd hieu lye phap ludt, tuyen bd ngudi bj ket an khdng pham tdi vd dinh chi vu an; neu cd mdt trong nhiing can cir quy djnh tai cac diem 3, 4, 5, 6 vd 7 Dieu 107 thi huy ban an da cd bieu lye phdp ludt vd dinh chi •vy an.
Thir ba, bd can cir khang nghj gidm. ddc tham va tham quyen cfla Hdi ddng gidm ddc thdm khi phdt hien "Ket ludn cfla ban an hoac quyet dinh khdng phfl hpp vdi cdc tinh tiet khach quan cua •vy an" quy djnb tai khodn 2 Dieu 273 vdi nhiing ly do sau:
- Ndi dung can cir ndy khdng rd rdng, khd dp dung, cd phan "trimg" vdi can cii khdng nghj theo thu tuc tai thdm, vd can cir khdng nghj quy dinh tai khodn 4 Dieu 273 . Viec Hpi ddng xet xir (so thdm hoac phuc thdm) ket luan trong bdn an khdng phfl hgp vdi nhung tinb tiet khdeh quan cfla vy an cd the do nguyen nhan chu quan hodc khdeh quan.
Neu Hdi ddng xet xir (thdm phdn, hdi tham) ra ket ludn khdng phu hgp vdi tinb tiet khach quan cua vy dn do nguyen nhdn chfl quan thi dd lai la can cii khdng nghj tai tbdm ...Tham phdn, Hdi thdm nhdn dan cd ket luan khdng dung lam cho vy dn bi xet xir sai" quy djnh tai khodn 2 Dieu 291 Bd luat Td tung hinh sy. Neu do nguyen nhan khach quan (nhu do vu an phuc tap, nhieu chung cir, gifira cdc chung cu' lai cd mdu thudn hodc viec dieu fra bd sung khdng ldm rd dugc gay khd khan cho viec danh gid chiing cir...), Hpi ddng xet xir da lam bet fr^cb nhiem nhung vdn de xay ra sai sdt frong
nhdn dinh. ket ludn, dan din sai lam nghiem trpng ve dudng ldi xir ly tbi day chinh la can cii thir tu cua khang nghj giam ddc thdm "cd nhfing sai lam nghiem frpng frong viec dp dung Bd ludt Hinh sy"
Thyc tien boat ddng giam ddc thdm thdi gian qua cho thdy, cdc Tod dn cdp gidm ddc thdm chi vien ddn can cii ndy khi ddng thdi vien dan can cir thii tu "cd nhirng sai ldm ngbiem frpng frong viec dp dung Bd ludt Hinh sy" de buy ban an, quyet djnb dd cd hieu lye phap luat cfla Tod dn cdp dudi.
Vi du, Bdn an so tbdm so 03/2007/HSST ngay 17/01/2007 cfla Tda an nhdn dan tinh Hai Ducmg va Bdn dn hinh sy phuc thdm sd 359/2007/HSPT ngdy 27/4/2007 cua Tod phuc thdm Tda an nhan dan tdi cao tai Hd Ndi deu xet xir Nguyen Thang Cdn cflng ddng bpn ve tpi lgi dung churc vu, quyen ban trong khi thi hdnh cdng vu theo khoan 2 Dieu 281 Bd ludt Hinh sy. Cac bdn an nay deu bi Vien trudng Vien kiem sat nhdn ddn tdi cao khang nghi theo thu tuc giam ddc tham, de nghi Hdi ddng thdm phdn Tda an nhdn dan tdi cao buy de dieu fra, truy td, xet xu lai vdi ly do hdnh vi pham tpi cua cdc bi cdo cdu thdnh tdi tham d tdi sdn theo Dieu 278 Bd luat Hinh sy chii khdng pbdi tdi lpi dung chiic vu, quyen ban frong khi thi hdnh cdng vu. Tai Quyet dinh gidm ddc tbdm sd 09/2008/HS- GDT cfla Hdi ddng thdm phan Tda an nhdn dan toi cao nhdn djnh: "Tuy Toa an cdp so tham vd phuc thdm ket an Nguyen Thang Can vd ddng bpn khdng theo tdi danh md Vien kiem sat truy td, tiic la chua dung vdi hdnh vi khdeh quan cua cac bj cdo nhung \ e dudng ldi xet xu la diing; do dd, viec xet xir cua Tod dn cdp so tham vd cdp phuc tham Id khdng cd sai lam nghiem trpng" vd quylt djnh khdng ehdp nhan khang nghj cfla Vien trudng Vien kilm sat nhdn dan tdi cao, giir nguyen cdc bdn dn
EU Dan chu & Phdp ludt
Qjai edeh lu fihdfi. 86 10 (247)-2012
so tham vd phuc thdm ndi tren. Nhu vdy, chi khi viec ket ludn cua bdn an khdng phfl hgp vdi cac tinh tiet khach quan cfla vy an ddn den sai lam nghiem trpng trong viec dp dung Bd ludt Hinh sy thi Hdi ddng gidm ddc tham mdi buy bdn an da cd hieu luc phdp luat; neu ket luan trong bdn an tuy khdng phfl hpp vdi cac tinh tiet khach quan cua vy an nhung khdng ddn den sai lam nghiem trpng trong viec dp dung Bd luat Hinh sy thi ban an khdng bj huy.
Ngodi nhung ndi dung tren, chung tdi de nghj sira ddi, bd sung mdt sd vdn de sau:
- Thyc tien boat ddng gidm ddc thdm cho thay cd ban dn da cd hieu lye phap luat mac sai lam nghiem trpng trong viec dp dung quy djnh cfla Bd luat Ddn sy dan den quyet djnh sai ve phdn ddn sy, anh hudng ldn den lpi ich cfla cac ben tham gia td tung. Do phan dan sy ndy khdng lien quan den vipc xac djnh cdu thdnh tdi pham vd xem xet tinh tiet tang nang, gidm nhe trdch nhiem hinh sy cua bj cdo nen khi gidm ddc thdm, Toa an chi phdi huy quyet dinh cua ban dn ve phdn dan sy, khdng
"dyng" den cdc quyet djnh ve hinh sy. Tuy nbien, khi so chieu vdi ndi dung cdc can cu: khang nghi gidm ddc tham quy djnh tai Dieu 273 Bd ludt Td tung hinh sy thi khdng cd can cir ndo quy dinh ve sai lam trong viec dp dung Bd luat Ddn sy. Trong thyc te thi ngudi khang nghj thudng dp dung khodn 4 Dieu 273 nhung viec dp dung ndy rd rdng chi Id gidi phdp tinh the. Vi vdy, de viec quy djnh thdm quyen cua Hdi ddng gidm ddc tham dugc chat che cdn bd sung cym tir "Bd ludt Ddn sy" vdo khoan 4 Dieu 273 nhu sau: "Cd nhung sai ldm nghiem trpng trong viec dp dyng Bd ludt Hinh sy va Bd luat Ddn sy"
Tir thyc tien boat ddng giam ddc thdm cflng
cho thdy nhfi:ng trudng hpp ban an da cd bieu lye phdp ludt djnh sai tdi danh ddn den sai ldm nghiem trpng ve dudng ldi xu ly, bi khang nghj, khi gidm ddc tham cd Hpi ddng giam ddc thdm tuyen buy bdn an da cd bieu lye phap luat de dieu tra, xet xu lai, cd Hpi ddng lai tuyen buy bdn dn da cd hieu lye phdp ludt de truy td, xet xir lai. Den nay, chua thay Vien kiem sdt nhdn ddn tdi cao vd Tod dn nhdn ddn tdi cao nhdn xet each tuyen ndo dung, cdch ndo sai. Nghien cfln ndi dung khodn 3 Dieu 285 Bd luat Td tung hinh sy thdy khdng cd quy djnh ndo cho phep Hdi ddng gidm ddc tham huy bdn an da cd hieu lye phap ludt de truy td, xet xu lai. Tuy nhien, chung tdi cbo rang trong tnrdng hgp chu:ng cir cua vu an da day dfl, hgp phap, chi do nhdn thirc cfla cac co quan tien hanh td tyng cap dudi khdng dflng nen djnb sai tdi danh ddn den sai ldm ve dudng ldi xu ly ma phdi huy dn de dilu tra lai Id khdng hgp ly, lam cho viec gidi quyet vy an bi keo dai; nhung neu chi buy an de xet xur lai cflng khdng dn vi neu khdng truy td lai ma cii xu lai se vi pham thu tuc td tung vd neu xir lai theo tdi danh nang ban cdn vi pham ca ve gidi han cfla viec xet xu. Vi vdy, de quy dinh ve thdm quyin cfla Hdi dong gidm ddc thdm phu hgp vdi thyc tiln, chung tdi de nghi bd sung cum tit "truy td lai" vdo khodn 3 Dilu 285 Bd ludt Td tung binb sy nhu sau: "Huy bdn dn hodc quyet dinh dd cd hieu lye phdp ludt de dieu fra lai, frny td lai hodc xet xii lai" •
1. Nguyin Ngpc Klidnh (2007), "Cdn mpt cdch niim mai ve thu tuc gidm doc thdm trong td tung hinh su Tgp chi Kiim sdt, so 20/2007, tr 23.
2. Phan Thi Thanh Mai (2006), "Gidm doc thdm trong Ludt To lung hinh su Viet Ngm '. Ludn dn Tien si, tr 141, 177.
