VAI TRO CUA CAN BQ, CONG CHUfC CAP XA TRONG THifC H P PHAP LUjT VE DAN CHU d XA, PHll^NG, TH| TRAN
ThS. NGUYEN HONG CHUYEN*
P
hdp luat ve dSn chu d C§L'P xa la mot Unh vifc phdp luat cu the.Co sor phdp ly cho vi§c t6 chiJc vk thifc hi$n \k Quy che thuc hien ddn chu d xd duac ban hknh k^m theo cSc nghi dinh cua Chinh phii (nSm 1998 vk duac dieu chinh nim 2003). VSn b4n c6 hieu lite phdp ly hien nay 14 Phdp lenh thUc hien ddn chu d xd, phuang, thi trdn duac Uy ban Thiictng vu Qu6'c hoi Viet Nam khod XI thdng qua vao ngdy 20/4/2007 {.Phap lenh so 34/2007/PL- UBTVQHll), ci hieu luc thi hanh ke tir ngdy 01/7/2007. Trong d6, quy dinh
"nhong n5i dung phdi c5ng khai de nhan dan biet; nhu'ng noi dung nhan dan ban va quye't dinh; nhdng npi dung nhan dan tham gia y kien trUdc khi ca quan c6 tham quyen quyet dinh; nhufng n6i dung nhan dan gidm sdt; trdch nhiem cua chinh quyen, cdn bp, cong chiJc xa, phu&ng, thi tra'n (gpi chung la ca'p xa), ciia cdn bp thon, ldng, ap, ban, phum, s6c (gpi chung Id thon), to dan pho, khu pho, khoi pho (gpi chung Id to dan pho), cua ca quan, to chiic, cd nhdn c6 Uen quan vd cua nhan dan trong vipc thuc hien dan chii of ca'p xd". Van de quan trpng vd cung Id nhi^m vu cap thie't ot nudc ta trong giai doan hien
nay Id thUc hien phdp luat (THPL) vl dan chu d cap xa.
THPL ve ddn chu b cap xa Id qui trinh trien khai cde hoat dpng dua nhiing nguyen tdc, quy dinh cila phdp luat ve thuc hien ddn chu (THDC) d xa, phudng, thi tran di vdo thuc ti§n dW song xa h6i d ca sd, trft thdnh nhBng hdnh vi phdp ludt thitc te hop phdp cua chinh quyen, cdn bp,.c6ng chile (CBCC) CEip xd, cdn bp thon, to ddn ph^, co quan, to chUc, cd nhan c6 lien quan vd nhan dan dia phuang nh^m phdt huy quyen lam chij cua nhdn dan; thu hiit nhdn dan tich cue tham gia quan IJ nhd nU6c, quan ly xa hoi; kiem tra, gidm sdt cac hoat dong ciia chinh quyen cap ca s&, g6p phan giO gin trdt tu, ky cuang tren- dia ban ca scf.
Tren dia bdn xa, phuftng, thi trSn, nhan t^ con ngudi, ma cu the vd trUc tiep Id doi ngu CBCC cSp xa luon Id nhan to giiJ vai tr6 quyet dinh trong viec to chUc, THPL n6i chung, THPL ve ddn chO d cap xa noi rieng. CBCC cap xa Id nhiJng ngUdi da vd dang hdng ngay thay mdt chinh quyen dia phUdng ' Uy ban nhdn dan huy^n Hi/ng Ha, tinh Thdi Binh
a TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NU6c - s6 208 (5/2013)
NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO DOI trUc tiep thu Iy, giai quyet cde cdng
viec lien quan den quyen, Igi ieh hgp phdp, chinh ddng cua Nhd nUde vd nhdn dan d xd, phudng, thi tr^n; trUe tiep to chdc, trien khai thUc hien vd hudng dan nhan dan THPL ve ddn chu d cap xa nh^m chuyen cde nguyen t^c, quy djnh phdp luat ve THDC d cap xd thdnh hdnh vi phdp ludt hgp phdp cua cdng dan. Hieu qua cua hoat ddng THPL ve dan chu d ca'p xa eao hay thd'p, cd thUe sU phdt huy dugc quyen ldm ehu cua nhan dan hay khdng phu thupc chu yeu vdo sU thUc thi ehde ndng, nhiem vu duge giao cua dpi ngu ndy. Vd dd dpi ngu CBCC ca'p xd phdt huy tdt vai trd cua minh trong qud trinh THPL ve dan chu d xa, phudng, thi trdn, ddi hoi phdi tap trung thUe hien cde ndi dung sau:
1. Tien phong, gxidng m a u trong to chu!c THPL ve d a n chu d cap xa Theo Ludt CBCC ndm 2008 (c6 hidu lue thi hdnh td ngdy 01/01/2010), CBCC ndi chung, CBCC ca'p xd ndi rieng Id nhdng ngudi duge tuyen dung, bd nhipm vdo vi tri lanh dao, quan ly, vdo ngach, b$e khde nhau de thuc hidn cdng vipc mang tfnh ehuyen mdn, nghiep vu; yeu cau tien quyd't dd'i vdi hp Id phai ed trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghiep vu phu hgp vdi chdc vu, ngach, bac, vi tri Idm vigc.
De dUa phdp luat ve thuc hien dan chu d xa, phudng, thi trd'n thue sU di vdo ddi sdng xd hpi trdn dia bdn cu sd, dpi ngu CBCC ca'p xa can tidn phong, guong mau trong vi^c td chdc vd thuc hi^n edc nhi^m vu sau:
Thd: nhdt, td chdc thUc hidn quydn dugc bid't cde nOi dung lidn quan den
ddi song kinh te - xa hdi cua nhdn dan d cu sd thdng qua viec cdng khai nhOtig npi dung dd nhan dan can dugc biet bkng nhdng hinh thde edng khai phu hgp, thuan tidn eho viec tiep cdn thdng tin. Ddc bidt, cde npi dung lien quan den nhidm vu, quyen han cua CBCC cd^p xa trUc tiep giai quyet cde edng vide eua nhdn dan; cac quy dinh cua phdp luat ve thu tuc hanh chinh, giai quye't cde cdng viec lien quan den nhan dan do chinh quyen ca'p xa true tid'p thUe hien phai duge niem yet thudng xuyen tai tru sd HDND, UBND xd; ket qua thanh tra, kiem tra, giai quye't cde vu vide tidu cue, tham nhung cua CBCC cap xa, cua cdn bp thdn, td dan phd';
ke't qua la'y phieu tin nhiem chu tich vd phd chu tieh HDND, ehu tich va pho ehu tieh UBND ed'p xa phai dugc edng khai trdn hd thd'ng truyen thanh cua cap xd vd thdi han cdng khai la ba ngay lien tuc nh^m the hidn su cdng khai, minh bach, viTa de gido due, nh^c nhd CBCC, vda tao niem tin dd'i vdi nhdn dan. Moi CBCC cap xa phai c6 su cdng tdm vd tu chiu trdeh nhiem trong viec to chdc thuc hidn ndi dung cdng khai de nhan dan biet.
Thu hai, td chdc, thUc hien quyen cua nhdn ddn duge ban va quyet dinh true tie'p, duge ban vd bieu quyet.
Nhfl'ng npi dung nhan dan bdn va quyet dinh trUc tie'p bao gdm: "chu truung va mdc ddng gdp xdy dUng ccf sd ha tang, cde cdng trinh phuc Igi cdng cdng trong pham vi cap xa, thdn, td dan phd do nhan dan dong gdp todn bp hodc mdt phan kinh phf va cae cdng vide khde trong ndi bp cpng ddng dan cu phu hgp vdi quy dinh cua phap luat".
CBCC cd'p xa td chdc cho nhan dan bdn
TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA N U 6 C - S6 208 (5/2013)
vd quyet dinh trUc tie'p nhfl'ng ndi dung ndy bdng mdt trong hai hinh thdc: td chdc cupc hpp cd tri hodc cd tri dai didn hd gia dinh theo dia bdn tdng thdn, td dan phd hode phdt phid'u lay y kien tdi ed tri hode ed tri dai didn hd gia dinh.
Nhdng ndi dung nhan dan bdn vd bieu quyet quy dinh trong Phdp linh gdm c6: 1. Huong Udc, quy Udc cua thdn, td ddn phd; 2. Bau, mien nhiem, bai nhidm trudng thdn, td trUdng td dan phd; 3. Bau, bai nhiem thdnh vien Ban thanh tra nhdn ddn, Ban gidm sdt dau tu cua cpng dong. Hinh thdc thUc hien nhdng npi dung ndy eung bdng mdt trong hai hinh thde nhu tren. Trong trudng hgp khong td chde hpp lai dugc thi CBCC cap xa thue hidn bkng cdch phdt phie'u lay y kien tdi cd tri hode ed tri dai dien hd gia dinh, trd vide bau, mien nhiem, bdi nhiem trudng thdn, td trudng td dan phd.
Thu ba, td chdc thUe hidn quyen cua nhdn dan dugc tham gia y kien trUde khi ccf quan cd tham quyen quye't dinh.
Ddi vdi nhu:ng ndi dung ndy, CBCC ca'p xd e^n td chdc eho nhan dan tham gia y kie'n bkng cde hinh thdc: td chde hpp cd tri hodc ed tri dai dien hd gia dinh theo dia ban timg thdn, td dan phd;
phdt phid'u lay y kid'n ed tri hodc cd tri dai dien hd gia dinh; thdng qua hdm thu gdp y. UBND ca'p xa ed trdch nhiem lap, thdng qua ke hoaeh de lay y kien nhdn dan ve nhulig ndi dung thudc tham quyen quydt dinh eua chfnh quyen cd'p xa, trong dd ndu ro each thdc trien khai, thdi gian vd trdch nhipm td chde thue hien. Chu tich UBND cd'p xd chiu trdeh nhidm chi dao, ddn ddc CBCC cd'p xd td chde la'y y kie'n, tdng hgp y kie'n cua cd tri hodc
cd tri dai dien hd gia dinh; nghien cdu tidp thu y kien va thdng bdo vdi nhdn ddn ve viec tiep thu y kie'n eua cd tri hoac cd tri dai dien hd gia dinh. Trong trudng hgp CBCC ca'p xd dua ra quyet dinh cac ndi dung nhdn dan tham gia y kie'n khdc vdi y kie'n eua da sd nhdn dan thi phai neu ro ly do vd tu chiu trdeh nhiem ve quye't dinh eua minh.
Thd tu, td chdc thUe hien quyen gidm sdt cua nhan dan vd chiu sU gidm sat cua nhdn dan. Theo quy dinh cua Phdp lenh, nhan dan dugc quydn gidm sdt ddi vdi edc ndi dung md hp dugc cdng khai de bid't, duge ban vd quydt dinh true tie'p, dugc bdn vd bidu quyet, dugc tham gia y kid'n trudc khi co quan ed tham quyen quyd't dinh. Nhan dan thue hien viec gidm sdt nhutig noi dung dd theo edc hinh thdc: thdng qua hoat ddng cua Ban thanh tra nhan dan. Ban gidm sdt dau tU cua cpng ddng hodc trUc tie'p thuc hidn vide gidm sat thdng qua quyen khid'u nai, td cdo, kie'n nghi vdi cu quan, td chdc c6 tham quyen hodc kie'n nghi thdng qua Uy ban Mdt tran Td qudc Viet Nam, cde to chde thdnh vien cua Mdt trdn d ca'p xd. Trinh tU, thu tuc khid'u nai, td cdo, kien nghi cua nhdn dan phai dUpc thuc hidn theo phdp luat.
Trong pham vi nhiem vu, quyin han, CBCC cap xa phai cd trdch nhidm cung ca'p day du, kip thdi edc thong tin, tdi heu can thiet phuc vu hoat ddng gidm sdt cua Ban thanh tra nhdn dan, Ban gidm sdt dau tU eua cdng ddng;
xem xet, giai quye't vd tra ldi kip thdi cac khieu nai, td' cdo, kidn nghi cua td ehde, edng ddn dd'i vdi nhfl'ng npi dung thupc tham quyen hodc bdo edo vdi cO quan ve nhu'ng va'n de khdng thupc
TAP CHI GUAN LY NHA NU6C - S6 208 (5/2013)
NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO DOI tham quydn giai quyd^t eua minh; xd ly
theo th^m quyen nhflfng ngUdi co hdnh vi can trd hoat ddng gidm sdt hodc c6 hdnh vi tra thu, tru dap edng dan khieu nai, td cdo, kie'n nghi theo quy dinh eua phdp lu$t .
Ben canh do, ehinh hoat dpng chuyen mdn, td chdc THPL ve dan ehu d cap xd do ddi ngu CBCC cap xa thuc hien cung ehiu sU kiem tra, giam sat cua nhan dan. Vi vdy, ban thdn mdi CBCC cap xa phai tien phong, guong mau, cdng tam, di dau trong td chdc vd THPL ve dan chu d cap xa; chu ddng tao dung dugc su tfn nhidm, tin yeu eua nhdn ddn, ldi cudn nhan dan tich cUc phdt huy ede quyen dan chu d dia phUcfng. Nh^m tie'p tue phdt huy nen dan chu, trong dd ed dan ehu d ca'p xa, ddi hdi CBCC phai hoan thdnh td't ehde trdch, nhidm vu dugc giao, tdn trpng nhdn dan, tan tuy phuc vu nhan ddn.
2. Tich ci^c pho b i e n , t u y e n truydn phap lugt ve THDC d cap xa cho n h d n d a n
Trong THPL ve ddn chu d ca'p xa, ddi ngu CBCC cd'p xa giuf vai trd "kep":
vda true tid'p td chdc thUc hien va thUc hien cde quy dinh phdp luat vd dan chu d ca'p xa, vda phd bien, tuydn truyen phdp luat ve THDC d cap xa cho edc tAng Idp nhan ddn dia phuung. Dan chu d cap xa ehi cd the dugc phdt huy khi cde tang ldp nhdn ddn nam bdt dugc nhfl'ng ndi dung ca ban cua phdp luat ve THDC d cd'p xa, hieu dugc y nghia, tam quan trpng eua viec THPL ve dan chu d ca'p xa vd thue sU tich cUc sd dung cde quyen dan chu ma phap luat trao cho hp. Dieu dd ddi hoi dpi
ngfl CBCC cap xa phai phdt huy vai tro nong cdt thdng qua vide tich eUc phd bien, tuyen truyen phap luat ve THDC d cap xa cho nhan dan.
Muc tidu cua edng tae phd bid'n, tuyen truyen la cung cap cho nhdn dan dia phUcfng nhdng kie'n thdc, hieu biet vd cde quy dinh phdp luat cu the lien quan de'n hoat dpng THPL ve ddn chu d ca'p xa; trang bi cho hp cde ky ndng van dung, sd dung cae quyen dan chu ma phap luat trao cho de phuc vu Igi ich vat chat, tinh th^n cua ban than, gia dinh vd cdng ddng. TCr do, hinh thanh d hp y thdc phdp luat vd hdnh vi phap ludt phu hgp vdi cac yeu cau, ddi hoi cua phdp luat ve THDC d cd'p xd.
Ve hinh thde pho bid'n, tuyen truyen, CBCC cap xd can co sU van dung linh hoat, sang tao, phu hgp vdi dieu kien cu the cua dia phuong md van bao dam tfnh hidu qua cua cdng tdc tuydn truyen bao gdm: phd bien, tuydn truyen phdp luat ve THDC d cd'p xd tai cac cudc hpp, hdi nghi nhdn dan theo tdng thdn, ldng, cum ddn cu, td dan phd; thdng qua he thdng ddi truyen thanh cua xd, phudng, thi tran;
bien soan td ga'p, td rai phap luat de phat cho tdng hd gia dinh, long ghep npi dung phap ludt ve THDC d cap xa vao edc hoat ddng phong trao van hod, le hdi, sinh hoat cdng ddng dugc td chdc tai dia phuung...
Thdng qua vide phd bien, tuyen truyen phdp luat vd THDC d ca'p xd, nhdn dan dia phUcfng biet duge eae quyen ddn chu cua minh, cac nguyen tdc, hinh thdc thUe hien cac quyen do.
Nhin trdn phUcfng dien nay, de ndi dung cua Phdp linh thUc hien ddn chu
TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NU6C - s6 208 (5/2013)
d xd, phuang, thi trdn dd'n duge vdi ddng dao nhdn ddn d cu sd thi viec dpi ngu CBCC ca'p xd tieh eUc phd bien, tuyen truyen phdp ludt ve THDC d cap xd la nhdn to gid vai tro quye't dinh.
3. Hi^dng dan, dpng vien n h a n d a n chu dpng, tich ci^c THPL ve d a n chu d cap xa
Co dugc nhan thdc dung dan, hieu bid't day du ve ede quyen tu do dan chu theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt song chUa hdn ngudi ddn d xa, phudng, thi trd'n da chu ddng, tich cUc thue hidn eae quyen dd, nd'u hp khdng dugc CBCC giai thfch ro y nghia, t^m quan trpng eua vide phdt huy ddn chu d ca'p xa va hudng dan nhdn ddn thUe hien cac quyen dd. Vi vay, CBCC cd'p xd ed trdeh nhidm hUdng dan, dpng vien nhdn ddn chu ddng, tich cue sd dung cde quy dinh eua phdp luat ve THDC d cap xa de bao vd cde Igi ich cua Nhd nude, cdng ddng vd ede quyen, Igi ieh hgp phdp cua moi ngudi ddn. Ddy cung Id muc dich td'i thugng eua vide THPL ve ddn ehu d ed'p xd. Bdi le, viec ngUdi dan hieu vd biet sd dung trdn thue te cac quyen ddn ehu md phap ludt ve dan chu d cap xd trao cho hp de bao ve Igi fch cua cac chu the chfnh la dieu ma Nhd nude mong mud'n khi xdy dUng va ban hanh Phdp linh thuc hiin ddn chu d xd, phudng, thi trdn.
Ben canh do, sd dung phdp luat Id hinh thdc ehu yd'u trong THPL ve ddn chu d cap xa, the hien sU chu ddng, tU gide vd tieh cUc cua nhan dan. NgUdi dan cd tich cue sd dung quydn duge bid't thi chinh quyen cap xd mdi khdng the
"bung bit" thdng tin, cdng khai thdng tin theo quy dinh cua phdp luat. NgUdi
ddn CO chu ddng sd dung quydn dugc ban vd quyd't dinh true tid'p ve chu truong va mdc ddng gdp xay dUng cu sd ha tang, cde cdng trinh phuc Igi edng cpng trong pham vi cap xd, thdn, to dan phd do nhan dan dong gop todn b$
hode mdt phan kinh phi thi edc cdng trinh do mdi nhanh chdng duge trien khai, thi cdng cd chat lugng vd dUa vdo phue vu qud'c ke, dan sinh. NgUdi ddn cd tu gide sd dung quydn duge tham gia y kie'n trUde khi ccf quan ed tham quyin quye't dinh thi mdi trdnh dugc tinh trang thde m^c, khid'u nai khi cde quye't dinh do duge trien khai trong d£ti sdng xd hdi d xa, phudng, thi trd'n...
Chi khi ndo ngudi dan biet sd dung vd phdt huy edc quyen dan chu theo quy dinh eua phap luat vd ddn ehu d ca'p xa thi cac Igi ich cua Nha nUde, cdng dong, cde quyen vd Igi ich hgp phdp eua mdi ngUdi ddn d xa, phudng, thi trd'n mdi c6 the dugc dam bao. Ddy cflng la tidu ehf quan trpng nha't de ddnh gia tinh hieu qua cua hoat ddng THPL ve ddn ehu d ed'p xa.
TCr vide tidn phong, gUcfng mau trong td ehde va THPL ve dan chu d cap xa, tieh cue phd bien, tuyen truyen phdp luat cho nhdn dan vd hUdng dan, ddng vien nhdn dan chu ddng, tieh cUc THPL ve dan ehu, ra't can CBCC cAp xa td chdc trien khai su ke't, tdng ket cdng tdc nay; ghi nhdn nhfl'ng thdnh tUu, kd't qua dat dugc, chi ra nhdng han che cung nhu nguyen nhan cua chung, td dd, de xud't cac bien phdp day manh THPL ve dan chu d ca'p xa, cd nhu thd mdi thUe sU phdt huy dugc edc quydn dan ehu cua nhdn danQ
TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 208 (5/2013)
