CONG DONG ASEAN: CO HOI, THACH THU'C VA SU" CHUAN BI CUA THANH NIEN VIET NAM
N G U Y E N L E P H U O N G HOAl '*>
Tdm tdu Cdng ding ASEAN dugc thdnh lap cu6i ndm 2015 dank mdt ddu mdc quan trgng cua ASEAN nhdm hodn tkdnk cdc muc tiiu cua kku vUc co ckung "Mgt tdm nhin, Mdt bdn sdc, Mgt cgng ding". Moi trUcfng vd tinh cgng ding cda ASEAN tgo nhiiu ecf hoi vd thdeh thdc cho tfianh nien ASEAN ndi chung vd thanh niin Vi^t Nam ndi riing, yiu cdu thanh niin phdi co sU chudn bi cku ddo, bdi bdn, kkoa kgc ldm kdnk trang kdi nh&p. Bdi vii't khdi qudt vi nhiing ecf hgi vd thdck tkdc Cgng dong ASEAN dgt ra dot vdi thanh niin Viet Nam trong bdi cdnh hiin nay.
Ta khoa: Cong dong ASEAN; thank nUn; ecf hgi vd tfidch tkdc.
Abstract: The ASEAN community was founded in late 2015, marking an important step in completing ASEAN's vision of a "one vision, one identity, one community". The ASEAN environment and bonding have created both opportunities and challenges fbr youth in the region, including Vietnamese youtk. Tkey need to be thoroughly prepared for integration. This article reviewed opportunities and cfiallenges tfmt tfie ASEAN community presents to Vietnamese youth.
Keywords: ASEAN community; youth; opportunity; challenge.
Ngdy nkan bdi: 15/02/2017;Ngdy sda bdi: 15/3/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng bdi: 21/4/2017.
1. C o n g d d n g A S E A N n h i h i g cd hfli v a thfich thflc do'i vcfi t h a n h nifin Vifit N a m
T h a n h mfin Vift N a m (16 dfin 30 tudi - Lufit T h a n h mfin) 1ft rafit tdng ldp xft hfli dJtc thfl, ehilm sd dflng trong dftn sd ca nfldc vft cd mfit d t a t ea giai cfi'p; cdng nhfin, ndng dftn, t r i thflc, cd quan hf m a t tMet vdi cftc tdng ldp trong xfi hdi. Vdi vi tri, vai trd quan trpng trong tie'n trinh lieh sut dflng nfldc vft gifl nfldc ciing nhfl trong phftt trien kinh tfi' - xa hdi, t h a n h nifin Ifi lfle Ifldng xft hfii to Idn vft 1ft ehu t h i cua tfldng lai.
APSC cd muc tifiu t^o dflng mfit mfii trfldng an ninh, an toan cho ngfldi dftn vft cfie nhfi dau tfl d k h u vflc Dfing Nam A thfing qua vific nftng hdp tac chinh tri - an n i n h lfin t d m cao radi vdi sfl ddng gdp xfiy dflng eua cftc dfii tae ben ngofii, khdng hfldng tdi mfit thda thufin qudc phdng, mpt lifin minh qufin sfl h a y raft cpng ddng vdi chinh saeh an n i n h vft dfli ngoai ehung.
AEC cd muc tieu la tao r a mdt thi trfldng ehung duy nhfti vft cd sd san xufti t h i n g n h a t trong dd cd sfl lflu chuyin tfl do eiia hfing hda, dich vu, ddu tfl, vdn vfi lao dpng cd tay nghe, tfl do nang eao tinh canh t r a n h vft thfle ddy sfl t h i n h vfldng chung cho ea k h u vfle, tao sfl hfi'p dfin vdi Cdng dong ASEAN vdi ba t r u eft: Cdng
ddng Chinh tri - Anh n i n h (APSC), Cdng diu tfl, k i n h doanh tfl bfin ngofii.
ddng Kinh t e (AEC) vft Cflng ddng Vfin hda - Xft hpi (ASCC), trong dd:
Q NHAN LUC KHOA H Q C X A H O I
" ThS, Vifn Thfing tin Khoa hoc xa hoi, Vifn Hftn Mm Khoa hoc xa h$i Vift Nam.
stf 0-2017
NGUYEN LE P H U O N G H O A I ASCC dfit muc tifiu p h u c vu vft nftng
eao chft't lfldng cudc sd'ng cua ngfldi dftn ASEAN, tftp t r u n g xfl ly efie vftn d l lifin q u a n dfi'n bMh ddng vfi cfing bang xa bfii, b a n sfie vfin hda, mfii trfldng, tae dfing cua tofin edu hda vfi cfieh m a n g khoa hpc edng nghe. Ngay sau k M thfinh lfip, hfing loat bifin phfip, hoat dfing cu t h i da dfldc d l r a trong tiXng linh vfle hdp tae gifla efte qud'e gia. D i l u dd, da vfi dang tao r a eho t h a n h m e n ASEAN ndi c h u n g vfi t h a n h mfin Vifit Nam ndi rifing cd n M l u cd bfii vfi thfich thfle.
1.1. Ca hgi cua thanh niin khi Viit Nam hdi nhdp cgng ddng ASEAN
Hfi n h f p efing ddng ASEAN tao mfii trfldng thuftn ldi de t h a n h nifin k h u vfle ndi ehung va t h a n h mfin Vifit Nara ndi rieng ed nMeu cd hfii. Thfl trfldng Bd Ngoai giao Lfi Hofti T r u n g cho rfing "Ca hqi ldn nhdt md thanh nien Viet Nam se vd phdi tan dung daoe khi gia nfidp vdo cdng ding ASEAN chinh Id mdi tradng hba binh, on dinh trong khu vac"'-^K Mdi trfldng vfi t i n h cpng ddng cua ASEAN se ngfty cftng tftng theo ngMa v l mfit k i n h t e , ASEAN se cd gfing phfi'n dfi'u cd dfldc rapt cd sd san xudt chung, t h i trfldng chung, tao r a thuftn ldi rft't ldn cho eae doanh nghifip trong k h u vfle. Mfii trfldng va t i n h efing ddng cua ASEAN se tao r a cho t h a n h nifin Vift Nam n M l u ed hfli nhfl hpc tftp, n g h i nghifp, vific Iftm, giao lflu vfin hda...
Ca hgi hqc tap: Trong chu trfldng chung cua ASEAN, de thflc ddy vifie nftng eao ehdt Ifldng ngudn nhfin Ifle, gifio due dflde xac dinh la dfng lfle ehinh cua sfl phat t r i l n k i n h t l - xa hfii. Cftc nfldc thfinh vifin da t h d n g n h a t dfla r a cftc muc tifiu chung ve p h a t t r i l n giao due trong do n h d n
m a n h vifc Pkdt trien mqng li^ gido due d cdc cdp dd khdc nhau vft xdy dOng cdc cum nghiin cau, tdng cadng hd trq vd trao doi sinh viin, gido viin di ndng cao chdt laOng gido due trong todn khu UMt'^'. Cfing ddng ehung ASEAN tao cho t h a n h nifin Dfing Nam A ndi ehung vfi t h a n h mfin Viet Nam ndi rifing ed hfii hpe t a p trong hf thdng giao due eua eae nflde Ddng Nam A.
Hpe t a p tai efie h e thdng gifto due phfit trien, dflpe dfinh gifi, xe'p h a n g cao nhfl Smgapore, Thai Lan, Indonesia... t h a n h nien Vift N a m se dflde t r a n g bi trtnh dfi chuyen mdn, ky thuftt, t r t n h dfi ngoai ngfl, tin hpc, 1 ^ n a n g flng xfl h n h hoat, kinh nghifm lfim vife qud'e t l . . . Dftc bift, t h a n h nifin Vift Nam se dfldc t i l p cftn vdi n l n san xudt hifin dai, dflde hpe eae efieh flng dung 1^ t h u y l t vfio thflc tien nen vific linh bfii kifiii thfle dfldc sau, rfing vft cu t h e hdn. Cd t h e ndi, Cdng ddng ASEAN dang mang lai eho t h a n h nien Viet N a m cd hfii hpe tftp trong cac mdi trfldng gifto due phftt t r i l n , ddng thdi thfle ddy t h a n h nifin tao dflng t i n h t h a n tfl hpc tftp, nftng cao t r i n h dd mpi mftt, tfl dd t h a n h mfin tfl t m t h a m gia vfto t h i trfldng Iao ddng qud'c te'.
Ca hdi ngfli nghiip, viie ldm: Cflng ddng K m h t e AEC tao thi trfldng lao ddng trong ASEAN sfli dflng, thfle ddy tao vife Ifim cho tflng qufl'e gia. Theo dfl bao eua ILO, khi Vifit N a m t h a m gia AEC, sd Ifldng vifc lam se tfing 14.5% vfio nfim 2025, tfing nhifi'u d mdt so' ngfinh nhfl san
"* Qu^nh Trung (2015), Sdc ep cgnh tranh rdt ldn khi gia nkdp cgng dong ASEAN, Bao Tu^i tre, 31/12/2015.
*" BM Thi Minh Tiep (2015), "Ngu6n nhfin lUc cua cfic nU6c ASEAN vft nhflng tham chieu cho Vift Nam tnidc them hoi nhftp AEC", Tap chi Kinh ti & Pfidt triin, s^212/02, tr.25.
stf 0-2017 N H A N LUC KHOA HOC XA Htfl ^
C O N G DONG ASEAN: CO H O I , T H A C H T H L T C . xudt gao, xay dflng, vftn t a i , dft may vft chfi' b i l n Ifldng thflc"*. Vific Iftm mdi dfldc tao r a ed t h i do sfl phftt trien cua doanh ngMfp trong nfldc, hoae do ddng von ddu tfl nflde ngofii. T h a n h mfin se ed thfim n M l u ed h f i cd vific lfim, khdi ngMfp, t£io lfip kinh doanh. Bfin eanh dd, t h a n h mfin ed cd hdi t i m kifi'm vific Ifim d eftc nfldc trong khu vflc vdi mfit mflc t h u nhftp cao hdn. Cung theo thda thuftn trong khudn khd Cfing ddng Kinh te AEC, 8 nhdm Hnh vfle ngftnh n g h i dxtcic tfl do di ehuyen lao dfng ed ehat Ifldng eao gifla cftc qufic gia gdm: bftc sy, n h a sy, hd ly, ky sfl. Men true sfl, k i l m toftn vifin, giftra sftt vifin vft nhftn vifin d u lich. Td ehfle Lao dfing Quflc t l ILO dfl bfio mfle di e h u y i n lao dflng b a n ddu cua Vift N a m vdi thda thufin t r e n se Ifi 1% vfi t f p t r u n g vfio nhflng ngfldi cd tay n g h i , ky nftng vft t r i n h dp ngoai ngfl'**.
AEC cd n M l u quy dinh m a n g ehuan qud'e tfi', do dd ngfldi lao dfing ndi chung vft lao dfing t h a n h mfin ndi rifing sd dflpc bao vfi q u y i n ldi tdt hdn. Dftc bifit, lao dfing t h a n h m e n lfi dfii tfldng d i ehiu tftc dfing tifiu cflc cua b i l n dfng k i n h t e t h i trfldng, t h a n h mfin se dfldc bao vfi bdi nhiJng eam k i t mang tinh phftp Iy eao, Iftra vifc trong mdi trfldng nftng dflng vfi edng Mfin eao.
Ca hgi giao lau vdn hda: Vdi mue tifiu
"Idy ngfldi d a n Ifira t r u n g tfim", "xfty dflng rapt ASEAN dflm bpc, tfldng thfin tfldng ai, vflpt q u a nbfllng khd khfin vfi thfieh thfle eiia quft t r i n h toftn edu hda", Cfing ddng vfin hda - xa hfii Ifi mot mfii trfldng sinh hoat thftn tMfin, n h a n fti vfi vftn minh gifla eftc nflde ASEAN. T h a n h m e n Vift Nam cung nhfl t h a n h nifin cftc nfldc ASEAN cd cd hpi giao Iflu vfin hda, tfl dd
ed t h e Meu dung nhflng gift t r i v a n hda cua nfldc minh trong sfl so s a n h vdi cftc n l n vfin hda khfte trong k h u vfle, M l u ro hdn nhiing di san vfi nhiing thfinh tflu vfin hda cua cfte nflde thftnh vifin ASEAN.
Ngofti ra, v l a n sinh xa hdi, chdt Ifldng eude sfi'ng cua t h a n h m e n dfldc quan tfim cai tMfin. T h a n h nien Vift N a m se cd n M l u ed hdi ddn nhftn sfl ho trd tfl phia efie nflde ASEAN phftt trien trong vife giai q u y l t nhflng khd k h a n vfi thach thflc cua quft t r i n h tofin cdu hda.
Cd t h e ndi, hdi nhfip ASEAN lfi mdt ed hdi Idn d l Vifit N a m ndi ehung vfi thanh nien Vifit Nam ndi rifing ngfty cftng nftng cao k h a nfing v a vi t h i cua minh trfin trfldi^ qufic te. Tuy nMen, ciing vdi nMlu ed hfii, Cfing ddng ASEAN cflng dfit r a cho t h a n h nien Vift N a m n M l u khd khfin thftch thflc.
1.2. Mot sd' thdeh thac ddi vdi thanh niin Viit Nam khi hdi nhdp Cdng dong ASEAN
Sfl chuyen dich cd cdu kinh te' kfio theo sfl chuyen dich lao dfing tre, cd cdu xfi hfii, n g h i ngMfip c u a t h a n h mfin, sfi' thanh mfin tfl nfing thfln r a thfinh phd, efie khu cflng ngMfip, efte t r u n g tftm kinh t l , thanh nien lao dpng tfl do, t h a n h mfin t M l u viee Ifira, t h u nhfip khong o n dinh... ngfiy cfing cd c M l u hfldng gia tfing. D i l u dd Ifim cho vife td chflc, q u a n ly t h a n h mfin gfip khd khfin vfi t h a n h m e n radt di d i l u kifn dfldc sinh h o a t trong td chflc eua ehinh muih - Dofin T h a n h mfin.
'^ ADB. ILO ^ 1 5 ) , Cgng dong ASEAN 2015: Qudn ly hdi nh^p hudng A£ viec ldm t& hdn vd think vUgng chung.
«* ADB, nX) (2015), Cgng ^ng ASEAN 2015: Qudn ly hdi nhSpfutdngt^viecUm^bttnvdthinhuugngckiaig.
i g N H A H L ^ KHOA HQC X A H Q I stf 0-2017
NGUYEN LE P H U O N G H O A I Dfldi sfl tftc dflng cua hfii nhfip, nhflng
s a n p h d m dfic h a i phi vfin hda bang n M l u con dfldng, n h d t Ifi qua internet, cftc phfldng tifin t r u y e n t h d n g se tftc dfing trflc t i l p , lifin t u e vdi efldng dd eao den lfii s i n g , nep sfi'ng eua t h a n h nifin, tao sflc ep, gfty n M l u khd k h a n , phfle t a p eho vifc bao vfi vfi phftt h u y vfin hoft dfin tdc trong t h i h e t h a n h m e n .
Sfl gia tfing eua efie t e n a n xft hpi nhfl ma tfly, mai dftm, tfii phara nguy M i m , cfin dd... chfla dflde ngfin chftn hifiu qua;
rafii trfldng xa hfii ehfla l a n h raanh; sfle khoe sinh san, t y lfi n M l m HIV/AIDS trong t h a n h nifin se edn dien b i l n phflc tap, d mflc bfio ddng... da, d a n g vft se tae ddng xdu den t h a n h nifin.
Cung vdi nhiing thftch thflc tfl bfin ngofii, nhflng thfieh thfle tfl thftn cung dftt r a eho t h a n h m e n trong qufi t r t n h bfii nhftp. Tha nhdt, t r i n h dp thsuih nien Vift Nam edn y l u so vdi yeu can phfit t r i l n vft hdi nhftp. l l i e o d d n h gift cua Ngan hfing T h i gidi, Vifit N a m dang thifiu lao dflng cd trinh dfi t a y nghe, cong nhftn ky thuftt bftc eao. Xet theo t h a n g d i l m 10, chfii Ifldng nhftn Iflc Vift Nara chi d a t 3,79 dilm, xe'p thfl 11/12 nflde ehfiu A t h a m gia xfip h a n g cua Ngan hfing T h i gidi (trong khi Hfin Qude dat 6,91 diem; An Dp dat 5,76 dilra;
Malaysia d a t 5,59 diera... Do vfty, nfing sudt lao dfing cua t h a n h nifin Viet Nam thufc n h d m thft'p d chftu A - Thai Binh Dfldng (thdp hdn Singapore gdn 15 ldn, t h d p hdn N h f t B a n 11 ldn va thfi'p hdn Hftn Qufic 10 Ian). Nfing sufti lao ddng eua t h a n h m e n Vift Nara bfing 1/5 Malaysia vfi 2/5 Thfti Lan''*'. Tha hai, ngoai ngfl lfi thftch thfle eua t h a n h nifin Vift Nara hifn
nay. Trinh dfi tifing A n h cua t h a n h mfin Vift N a m edn t h d p vft rdt it t h a n h mfin hpc ngfin ngfl cua cac nfldc nhfl Thfti Lan, Lfto, CampucMa... Ben canh nhflng b a n chfi' v l t r i n h df hpe vft'n, trtnh dfi chuyfin mdn nghiep vu t h i kifi'n thflc kinh te, quan ly, k i l n thfle phftp luftt vft y thfle ehdp hfinh phftp luftt cua mft sd bf phftn t h a n h mfin nhin ehung edn thft'p. T h a n h mfin Viet Nam nhfin thfle v l hpc n g h i , ehpn n g h i , dinh hfldng n g h i nghifip cdn n M l u Ifch lae, vific lfim vfi t h u nhftp thdp vfin dang lfi nhflng vdn d l bfle xfle. Tim Meu v l van hda, tdn gifto, chinh trt, kinh t l eua efte nflde chfla n M l u . Sflc khoe va the chfii eua t h a n h nifin Vift N a m edn thdp hdn eae nflde trong khu vfle. Mft bfi phftn khfing nhd trong t h a n h nifin t M l u y thflc r e n luyfn d l hoftn tMfn nhftn efteh, non kem v l nhftn thflc chinh tri, chfla xfie dinh dflde Iy tfldng sfiiig dung ddn...
Bfii eanh trong nfldc vfi k h u vfle ASEAN khfing chi dem den ed hfii, thufin ldi vfi thdi cd raft cdn dera dfih n h i l u khd khfin vfi thftch thflc ddi vdi t h a n h mfin. D i l u ed b a n Ifi mfii t h a n h m e n can cd dii ban linh, y cM, t r i n h dp de phat huy thufin ldi, tfin dung thdi ed, khde phue khd khftn, vfldt qua thaeh thflc. Dieu dd ehi ed dflde kM moi t h a n h nifin biei p h a t huy t m h t h d n tfl hpe, tfl rfin luyfn, cd du tftm, du t a m de t h a m gia vfto sfl ngMfp cdng ngMfip hoft.
Men dai boa dfti nflde, ehu dfing t h a m gia vfio n e n kinh te' tri thfle vfi qufi trtnh bfii nhftp quoc tfi'.
<« Kim Thanh (2016), Cdng ddng kinh ti ASEAN:
Nkiiu of hdi cho lao dgng Viit Nam, Bao dien ttt Dang Cong san Vift Nam http://clangcongsan.vn/thoi-su/' cong-dong-kinh-te-asean-nhieu-co-hoi-cho-lao-dong-viet -nam-369078.html
stf 0-2017 NHAN LUC KHOA HQC XA Htfl Q
CQNG DONG ASEAN: CO H O I , T H A C H T H C C . . 2. Sfl c h u a n b i c u a t h a n h nifin Vifit N a m do'i vcfi v i f c h o i n h f p c o n g d o n g ASEAN
2.1. Tdng cadng nhdn thac chinh tri, xahdi
NhiJng thftnh tflu to ldn, toftn difin eua ddt nflde trong edng cudc ddi mdi vft ddy manh cfing ngMfip hda, Mfin dai hda dft Iftm cho t h a n h mfin thfim t m tfldng vfto sfl lanh d^o eua Dang, vfio eon dfldng xay dflng ehu ngMa xfi hdi d nfldc ta. Thanh mfin tieh cflc t h a m gia hpc tfip n a n g eao trtnh dp ly luftn ehinh tri, bdi dfip ly tfldng efteh mang trong sftng.
Vifc t h a n h mfin n h f n thflc rd hdn v l bra eanh, t i n h hinh, nMfm vu each m^ng eua dat nfldc, se giup t h a n h m e n cd eM hfldng ren luyfn d l cd Iftp trfldng tfl tfldng viing vang, ed Idng yfiu nflde, ed m i m tin vfio sfl l a n h dao cua D a n g vft sfl ngMfip xfiy dflng ehu ngMa xfi hfii. Bfi phftn t h a n h m e n tifin t i l n cd quyet tftm cao, hofti bao ldn vfi lufin phdn ddu efing Men cho ddt nfldc ngay cfing dfing dao. N h f n thflc cbinh t r i cua t h a n h mfin dfldc tfing cfldng, 1ft dfing lflc t m h t h d n q u a n trpng de p h a t huy tinh xung kich, t m h t h d n t i n h nguyfn eua da sd t h a n h mfin Vift N a m trong thdi gian tdi. Ty lfi t h a n h mfin tieh efle phdn dau gia nhftp td ehfle Dofin, D a n g ed xu hfldng tftng. Tinh tieh cflc xft bfii cua t h a n h nien dfldc tftng thera vfi thfi Mfn rd trong efie phong ts'fio t h a n h nifin do Doftn phat dfing.
Thanh nien t i l p tue thara gia ngfiy cfing ddng dao vfio eae hoat ddng tinh nguyfn d i n nhiing ndi gian khd, khd khfin, nhiing viing xa xdi, cac hoat dpng xa hfii nhftn dao giup dd nhflng ngfldi ed hoan canh khd khftn... Ciing vdi dd, I ^ sdng t h a n h nifin
t i l p tue dflde cai tMfn theo hfldng Mfin dai vfi phfl hpp vdi tfie phong lao dfing efing ngMfp, vftn minh dfi thi. P h d n dfing t h a n h m e n gifl dviqc nhiing gift t r i tdt dep trong lfii sdng, q u a n tfira vfi p h a t huy t r u y i n thdng, b a n sfie d a n tdc. T h a n h mfin cd Meu bifii v l cfic npi dung hdi nhfip qud'c t l tfii hdn vft cd k h a nftng vftn dung cd hdi nfty, t h a m gia n M l u hdn vfto cac hoat ddng quoc tfi' t h a n h mfin trong khu vfle vfi t r e n t h i gidi.
2.2. Chan loc, tUp thu vd phdt huy vdn hoa ddn tdc
Vftn hda Ifi mflt phara t r u lufln bien ddi, Ifi muc tifiu, dfing lfle eua sfl phfit trien kinh tfi' - xa hfii vfi tdn t a i dfldi cfie Mnh thfle nhfl: efie edng t r t n h k i l n true, vfit dung, dm thflc, ngdn ngfl, t a p quftn, ftm nhac... Ban sfie v a n hda d a n tdc lfi sfie thai gde, 1ft nhiing dfldng nfit, mfiu sfie rifing bift khfing t h e trfin lfin cua rapt n l n vfin hda. B a n sftc vftn hda dfin tfie lfim nfin cdi loi viing chftc giup eho n l n vfin hda ludn gifl dflde t i n h duy n h a t , t i n h n h d t quan trong qufi t r t n h phfit trten. Moi eft nhfin vdi tfl efteh Ifi radt e h u tiie sftng tao vfin hda ludn thd'ng n h d t cfti rifing cua ban thfin rainh vfi cfti c h u n g cua dfin tflc. Vi vfiy, b a n sfie vfin hda d a n toe ludn ehfla dflng ddng thdi ca t i n h nhftn loai, tinh khu vflc vft t i n h dfin toe. Hdi nhftp vfio cflng ddng ASEAN, n M l u nfit radi trong gift tri vfin hda vft ehudn mflc dEio dflc tutng bfldc h i n h t h a n h . T h a n h nien tiep t h u n h a n h nhiing kie'n thflc mdi vft cd y cM vfldn Ifin Iftp than, Ifp ngMfip, xfiy dflng, bao vfi Td qudc vfi Mfln ludn hfldng v l cdi ngudn. Ben canh dd, tf sflng bfti nflde ngofti, eoi thfldng nhfliig gift t r i vftn hda dfin tpc.
Q ] NHANLUIC KHOA HQC X l Htfl Stffr2017
NGUYEN LE PHUONG HOAI chay theo ldi sdiig thfle dung, efi n h a n vi
ky... dang gay h ^ den t h u a n phong my tue eua dftn toe. Khdng it trfldng hdp vi ddng tifi^n vft d a n h vi mfi chfi dp.p lfin t i n h ngMa gia dinh, q u a n h e thdy trd, ddng cM, ddng ngMfp... Trflde nhflng tae ddng h a i mfit dd, trong qufi t r i n h hfii nhfip vfio cfing ddng ASEAN, t h a n h nifin Viet N a m ehii dfing lfla chpn, tifi'p t h u vfi phfit h u y nhiing m a t tich cflc, nhfin biet vft ngfin chfn, ddy liii nhflng m f t tieu cflc eua n l n vfin hda bfin ngoai. Nhiing gia tri, net dep eua vfin hda dfin tdc dfldc Mu t r u y i n , dfldc t h i gidi bifii d i n khi t h a n h mfin tim Meu, hpc tftp va gidi tMfiu vdi b a n bfi qufi'e te.
2.3. Ndng cao nhdn thuX: vi Cdng dong ASEAN
Di giup t h a n h nifin n h f n thfle ddy du hdn v l Cfing ddng ASEAN, t r e n khfip ca nfldc, cfic cap bfi Dofin - Hdi da to chflc n M l u hoat dfing nhfim nftng cao k i l n thflc, khdi df y t i n h t h d n hpc tfip, rfin luyfin
Tha nhat, ddy mqnh cdng tdc gido dqc chinh tri, ta tadng, ndng cao nhqn thac vi fwi nfidp qudc ticfw tfianh nUn: Hfii nhfip qudc tfi' ngfty cftng sau rfing va tofin difn tao r a nhiing cd hfii d l cho rapi cdng dfin ed the rad rfing sfl giao Iflu vft tira k i l m cd hdi phftt t r i l n . Dfii vdi t h a n h nifin Vift Nara, (Jilu nfiy efing trd n e n q u a n trpng hdn bdi tudi tre Mfin nfing dfng, s a n g tao, nMft huyet, n h a n h n h a y nfin cd n M l u eftc cd hfii d l giao lihi, hpc t f p . Song, hfii nhftp qudc t l cung da vfi d a n g d f t r a cho t h a n h nien Vift N a m n h i l u t h a c h thflc ldn. N h f n thfle ro v l nhiing thuftn ldi vft thaeh thfle ddi vdi t h a n h nifin kM Vift N a m hfii n h f p Cf ng ddng ASEAN, cac cdp bfi Dofin - Hdi d f t r a nhifim vu trpng t a m lfi ddy m a n h stf 0-2017
cdng tac giao due chinh tri tfl tfldng, nfing eao nhftn thflc v l hpi n h f p qud'e tfi' eho doftn vifin t h a n h mfin; khuyfi'n kMeh t h a n h m e n hoc ngoai ngfl, tfing cfldng dfio tao ky nftng v l hpi nhftp.
Tha hai, ti chac cdc hoqt dqng truyin tfldng: Chi trong nftm 2015, n h i l u boat dfng dfi dfldc td ehfle trfin khfip mpi mien dat nflde. Tifiu b i i u nhfl Ngdy cdng dong ASEAN, Cong dong ASEAN - Bdn sdc vdn hda (thang 9/2015), Hadng den Cdng dong ASEAN ndm 2015 (thfing 10/2015), Thanh niin Binh Thudn nhdn thdc vi cdng dong ASEAN (Binh Thuan, thfing 10/2015), TTumh niin Thu do vdi cdng dong ASEAN vd hqp tdc kinh ti xuyin thdi binh daang TPP (Hft Ndi, thftng 12/2015)... Dfty 1ft eftc chfldng trinh, hoat dfng t h i l t thflc gdp phdn nang cao hieu b i l t cua doftn vien t h a n h nien v l sfl da d^ng, phong phfl v l b a n sfie van hda cua cac nfldc ASEAN.
Tha ba, tqo diiu kiin di thank niin cd ca hdi tham gia cdc hoqt ddng giao lau, diin ddn qud'c ti, md rgng vd ndng cao hieu qud cdc hoqt ddng giao lau, hqp tdc qudc ti. N M l u t h a n h nifin dfldc efl di t h a m gia cac hoat dfing giao lflu vfin hda t a i cac nflde k h u vfle Ddng Nam A, giao Iflu qufi'e tfi'. Tfl nfim 2014 dfi'n nay, t h a n h nien Vifit Nara da t h a m gia n M l u d i l n dfin qufic tfi' nhfl: Chaang trinh Trqi fie Tfianh niin sinh van ASEAN 2014 tfl ngfiy 21 den 27/7/2014 tai campus Kalasm, tinh Kalasin, Thfii Lan; Chaang trinh Trqi fie Thanh niin Qudc ti dflde td ehfle tai Trfldng Dai hpc Ky thuftt Rajamangala Isan (RMUTI), t i n h Sakon Nakhon, Thai Lah tfl ngfty 19/7/2015 dfi'n ngfty 25/7/2015. Dien dfin t h a n h mfin ASEAN 2015 vdi chu d l "Cong N H A H LUC KHOA HQC XA Htfl [ ^
C O N G D 6 N G ASEAN: CO HQI. T H A C H THU'C...
ddng ASEAN - Ban sfie vfin hda" diln r a tfl ngfty 18/9 t a i Tp. Hd CM Minh... Thfing qua cftc dien dan, giao lflu qufic tfi', t h a n h men Vift N a m tira M l u phfldng phftp hpc tftp cua t h a n h nien nflde ngofti, cMa se nhflng v ^ d l thdi sfl rafi t h a n h mfin qufic te quan tftm, qua dd r e n k h a nftng phan Mfn. Cung vdi vifc cfl t h a n h m e n tiiam gia cfte boat dfing giao lflu, dien dftn hdp tftc qudc t l , thdi gian qua, Dofin - Hfii efte cdp kip thdi nfim bfit thdng tin, djnTi hfldng cM dqo ckc boat ddng giao lflu hiiu nghi, ddi ngoai t h a n h nien da md rfing vfi nftng eao Mfu qua eftc hoat ddng giao lflu, hdp tfic qufic te. NMeu boat ddng y ngMa, t M i t thfle da dflde td ehfle nhftm thflc ddy m ^ quan h e giao lifti vdi cfic nfldc ASEAN vdi cftc ndi dung chinh nhfl: giao Iflu vfin hda vftn i ^ f , trao ddi kinh ngMfim cfing tfic trfin cfte TTnb vfle, t r i l n lara vfin hda - ndi cac dai biiu t h a n h nifin diicic trao ed bfii quang bfi n l n vfin hda nfldc nhft, gidi tMfiu vific Iftra, hpc bdng du hoc nfldc ngofii, md ra ed hdi nghe ngMfp vfi hoc tftp nftng cao trinh dp eho t h a n h nifin. Dfie bift, Dofin - Hdi cac cfi'p da k e t nra hd trd, dinh hfldng boat dfing cua cfte efiu lac bd, dpi, nhdra tinh nguyfin efing ddng; phfii hdp vdi eftc td ehfle tinh nguyfin qudc t l trong td chflc cfte ho^t dfing linh nguyfn trong ea nflde. Bfin canh dd, cfic cap Dofin - Hdi phdi hdp vdi nganh gifto due vft dfto tao tifi'p tuc ddi mdi, sfing tao cfte boat ddng hu&i luyfn 1 ^ nftng, nhdm nftng eao k h a nfing tMch flng,
^ nfing hdi nhftp eho t h a n h nifin...
2,4. Ndng cao ndng lOc hoi nhdp Cong ddng ASEAN
'S' thfle dfl<3e vai trd ciia m m h trong Cdng ddng ASEAN de ehu ddng nfing eao
nftng lfle hdi n h f p , t h a n h mfin Vift Nam tieh cflc ngMfin cflu, tim M I U v l vfin hda, tfin gifio, chinh tri, kinh te', ngdn ngfl... eua eae nfldc trong k h u vflc nhftm tfl xfty dflng eae ldi t h i v l k J nfing ngoai ngfl, chat Ifldng hfing hda canh t r a n h , xfiy dflng phfldng ftn s a n xudt k i n h doanh, phftn cfing lao dfing ed M f u qua...
Tha nfidt, ndng cao khd ndng ngoai ngO, tin hqc: Ngoai ngfl vft t m hpc Ifi hai nhftn tfi' cd vai t r d r d t Idn trong vifie quylt dinh hfii nhftp qufl'e t e ndi ehung vfi hpi n h f p ASBIAN ndi rifing. Hifin nay, tilng Anh lfi ngon ngfl phd thdng n h a t tren t h i gidi, Ddng N a m A vfi cung lfi ngoai ngfl phd bien d Viet N a m . P h d n ldn eftc edng ty kM tuyen dung d i u yeu cau t r t n h df Anh ngfl tfl pMa flng vifin. Chinh vi vfty, thfing thao t i l n g A n h se lfi mfit ldi t h i rdt ldn eho vifie x m vife Ifira cung nhfl nfim hfit dfldc nMeu ed hfii khdi ngMfp tfl sfl hfi nhfip tofin edu. Tfl n h f n thfle do, moi t h a n h nien Vifit N a m d i u cd y thflc rfin luyfn tieng Anh. De chudn hi cho hfi nhftp, t h a n h mfin Vifit n a m theo hpc tieng A n h t a i efie t r u n g t a m Anh ngfl tfl sdm.
Trong nhft trfldng, chfldng t r i n h gifio due trong cfte bftc hpc cung eoi trpng tilng Anh, tfing thdi Ifldng mfin hpe tieng Anh.
Hinh thflc day v a hpc tiehg A n h da dang, phong p h u hdn. N M l u di a n nftng cao t r t n h dfi ngoai ngfl eho eae b a n thanh nifin, dftc bift Ift sinh vifin cac trfldng dai hpc, cao dftng vft hpc vifin. Cac cd sd Doftn, ed sd xa hpi td chflc nMeu sfin ehdi hpc thuftt v l ngoai ngfl, h i n h t h a n h eae efiu lae bd dpi, nhdm d l sinh boat t i l n g A n h hofe nhiing mdi trfldng rfin luyfin t i l n g Anh thfldng xuyen cho dofin vien, t h a n h nifin
Q ] NKAN LUC KHOA HQC XA Htfl stfe-2017
NGUYEN LE P H U O N G H O A I
t a i ddn vi cua n u n h . Ngofii ra, cftc hfi sinh vifin cung tftng efldng hfin kfii vdi cae doanh ngMfp td chflc dftnh gift, kilra t r a t r t n h dfi t i l n g A n h cua cfie b a n efin bfi Hfii, sinh vifin. Bfing sfl ed gftng eua b a n thftn vfi nhflng boat dpng td ehfle, hd trd eua cftc cdp Dofin, Hfii... t h a n h nifin Vift Nam nfing eao k h a nfing ngoai ngfl, chudn bi eho qua t r i n h hfii nhftp Cdng ddng ASEAN ndi rifing vfi bfii nhftp qudc t l ndi ehung.
Cling vdi ngoai ngfl, tin hpc eung 1ft mdt ky nfing t h a n h mfin Vift N a m chudn bi cho quft t r i n h hfli nhfip. Sii dung may tinh, eae p h d n m i m vftn phdng, sd. dung m t e m e t thfinh t h a o sfi lfi d i l u kien tdi de t h a n h mfin flng t u y i n x m vife. Ddng thdi, edn lfi cdng cu hflu Mfiu phue vu trong eufie sdng hfing ngfty n h d m md rfing phd cftp tin hpe vfi sfl phd b i l n cua mfty tinh, vdi k i t qua cai cftch gifio due, t r t n h dfi ngoai ngfl vfi t m hpe eua themh m e n .
Tha hai, ndng cao trinh dd chuyin mdn:
Thanh m e n Vift Nara y thfle nfing eao trinh dfi chuyen mfin, khoa hpe, k^ thuftt vfi tay n g h i de cd t h i hfii nhfip mfit each de dftng. Thflc Mfn eude v f n ddng xay dflng xfi hdi hpc t f p vfi c h u trfldng khuyen hpe, quy mfi giao due vfi dao tao cua Vifit Nam ngay cftng dflde md rdng. T h a n h nien Vifit N a m e6 n M l u ed hfii d l hoe tftp n a n g eao t r t n h dp hpe vdn, chuyfin mfln, n g h i ngMfp. Giai doan 2010 - 2015, ty If t h a n h nien vfio hpe trong eftc trfldng ngofti efing Ifip tfing ve ca sfi' Ifldng vft chdt Ifldng.
T h a n h nifin nhfin thflc hdn v l q u y i n vft ngMa vu hpc tfip, vfto hpe d efie ngfinh n g h i dap flng vdi t h i trfldng Iao dfing trong nfldc vfi qufic te, c6 q u a n dilra thflc t e dc& vdi vife chpn bfe hpc. Do dd, ty If
t h a n h mfin dfing ky theo hpc cftc trfldng n g h i vfi cae trfldng t r u n g hpe ehuyfin ngMfip tfing lfin dftng k l . Thanh men mong mufiii dflde hpe theo hinh thfle hfin thfing (tfl trfldng n g h i vfi t r u n g hpe ehuyfin ngMfip hfin thdng lfin eao ddng, dai hpe).
Du theo hpe bat cfl mfii trfldng nfio, t h a n h nifin Vifit N a m d i u lufin efi' gfing hpe tfip, rfin luyfin n a n g cao t r i n h df ehuyfin mfin, rfin luyfin trinh dfi ky thufit, tay n g h i , ed nhiing sang kifiii eai t i l n ky t h u f t gdp phdn giam nhflng cM phi khdng cdn tMet cho cfte doanh ngMfp, eho xfi hdi. Thanh m e n vijmg ndng thdn ed k h a nfing nfim bfit ky thuftt thftm canh, tftng nfing sudt, san Ifldng dfii vdi efiy trdng vat nufii. Dfii vdi t h a n h m e n lfi hpc sinh - sinh vien, t r i thfle ed n M l u sang k i l n , phftt Minh khoa hpc, ed nhiing cdng t r t n h nghien eflu khoa hpe dflde ftp dung vfto thfle tien. N M l u t h a n h mfin thfle hifin phflcfng chftra: d dfiu, lfim
^ , thdi gian nfio cung hpe tfp, hpc tfip thfldng xuyfin, sufii ddi. Sfi' t h a n h mfin di du hpc d nflde ngofii tftng n h a n h , nhdt lfi t h a n h nifin di du hpe tfl tuc, sd'thanh nifin tfl tira k i l m hpe bdng di du hpc nflde ngofii tfing lfin dftng k l . Kha nftng t r i tufi, nftng lflc tfl chu vfi t i n h nftng dfing cua t h a n h nien Vifit Nam cd bflde p h a t trien dang ke.
K h a nfing tMeh flng ciia t h a n h mfin Vift Nara dfii vdi ddi hdi cua sfl eanh t r a n h v l nhftn lflc trong d i l u kifn kinh t e t h i trfldng tdt hdn. Mot bfi phfin t h a n h mfin ed nfing lflc, p h a m chfi't cd d i l u kifn vfldn lfin, xuft't Mfn n M l u tfti nftng tre, dftc bift trong cftc ngftnh khoa hpc, efing nghf mui nhpn eua n l n kinh te, trong kinh doanh vfi quan l;y'. Trtnh dfi hpc vfiii, khoa hpc, cflng nghf, chuyfin mfin, n g h i ngMfp eua
stf 0-2017 H H A N LUC KHOA HQC XA Htfl
C O N G D 6 N G ASEAN: CO H Q I , T H A C H T H O ' C . . . t h a n h rafin dfldc nfing lfin 1ft rapt yfi'u to' quan trpng giflp cho t h a n h mfin dftp iing tfli hdn n h u cdu eua t h i trfldng lao ddng trong kM hdi n h a p ASEAN.
Tha ba, ren luyin ky luat lao dgng, ky ndng ldm viic tfieo nhdm: Hdi nhfip cdng ddng ASBIAN se tao r a t h i trfldng lao ddng chung toftn k h u vflc. Nhflng nfira gan dfiy, t h a n h mfin Vifit N a m da tiep cfin ddn vdi trinh dp, sflc khoe cua t h a n h nifin k h u vflc vft t h e gidi. T h a n h nifin ed t r t n h dd vftn hofi, ehuyfin mfin, t a y n g h i , y cM vft nghi lflc khfing t h u a kem t h a n h mfin efie nflde trong edng ddng ASEAN. Nhflng t h a n h m e n Vift N a m edn y l u v l ^ luft lao ddng, ky nftng lfim vifc nhdm, kf nfing t h a m gia cftc boat dfing quoc te... Cd n M l u nguyen nhfin dan dfiii yfiii kem nfty, mpt trong sfi' dd 1ft t h a h h mfin tMfi'u cd hdi de
"cp xfit" nfin ed tfim 1;^ e ngai, tfl ti khi bfldc chfin vfio "dfi'u trfldng qud'c tfi*', b a n c h l k h a nftng sftng tao ciing nhfl ky nftng t h u y l t t r i n h trfldc dftm dfing cua t h a n h men, trong kM dd lfim vifie theo nhdm 1ft rafit t h e m a n h cua t h a n h nien nfldc ngofii.
Nhftn thfle dflde d i l u dd, dfi tfing efldng ky nfing lfim vifc theo nhdm, t h a n h m e n Vift Nam hpc hdi, tira Meu v l cac n l n vfin hda, tim Meu ve lich sii, tfln gifto, gift tri, phong tue eua eftc dia phfldng, eftc qufic gia trong cfing ddng ASEAN de cd t h i Meu dflde n M l u n h a t cftc thftnh vifin khfte ngM gi vfi hfinh ddng nhfl t h i nfio qua giao tifip eft n h a n vdi ea nhan.
Cfing ddng ASEAN - efing ddng chung cho toftn k h u vfle Dfing N a m A, tao r a cho t h a n h nien k h u vflc ndi ehung vft t h a n h nifin Viet N a m ndi rifing n h i e u ed hdi v l mfli trfldng k h u vflc an toftn, dn dinh, cd hdi hpe tap, cd hpi n g h i nghifp, vifc Iftm,
cd hfii giao lflu v a n hda, an sinh xa hdi, e h a t Ifldng cudc sd'ng... ddng thdi, ciing dftt t h a n h nien trflde nhflng thftch thflc v l t r i n h dp, k h a nfing t i l p cftn vfi hpi nhfp.
Trfldc nhflng cd hpi vft t h a e h thfle dd, t h a n h nifin Vift N a m tieh cflc t h a m gia hpe t f p nfing eao t r i n h dp 1^ lufin ehinh tri, bdi dfip Iy tfldng cftch m a n h trong sang, rfin luyfn d l ed Ifp trfldng tfl tfldng vflng vang, ed ldng yeu nfldc, m e m t m vfto sfl l a n h dao cua Dang; Ddng thdi, t i l p thu cd chpn lpe vfi p h a t huy vfin hda dftn tpc song song vdi vife nfing eao nhfin thflc v l Cdng ddng ASEAN; tfl tin, ehudn bi mpi mfit dfi t h a m gia hpi n h f p vfio Cpng ddng ASEAN.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. ADB, ILO (2015), Cgng dong ASEAN 2015: Qudn ly hqi nhdp hadng tdi viic ldm tdi ficfn vd thinh vaOng chung.
2. Bfto difin td D a n g Cflng san Vifit N a m (2015), Thanh niin Viit Nam trong thdi ky diy mqnh cdng nghiip hda, hien dqi hoa ddt nadc vd hdi nkdp quw: ti.
http;//dangeongsan.vii/tu-heu-van-kien/tu- lieu-ve-dang/saeh-ve-eong-tae-dang/books- 310620153413356/index-
5106201534045567.html
3. Bui Thi M i n h Tifip (2015), "Ngudn nhfin lflc cua cftc nfldc ASEAN vfi nhiing thara cMeu cho Vift N a m trfldc t h i m hfli nhfip AEC", T a p chi Kinh ti& Phdt triin, s d 212/02.
4. Kim T h a n h (2016), Cdng dong kinh ti ASEAN: Nhiiu ca fwi cho lao ddng Viet Nam, Bao difn tfl D a i ^ CJflng san Viet Nam.
5. Quynh Trung (2015), SOc ep cqnh tranh rdt ldn khi gia nhdp cdng dong ASEAN, Bfio Tudi tre, 31/12/2015.
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHQI StfB-2017
