NHiN RA THE G i d l Q
Di/bdo
CONG NGHE NMG LU0NG C M TU0NG LAI
Cdc chuyen gia phdn tich cua Policy Horizons Canada dd Hit ki17 cong nghe mdi ve ndng li/Ong se lam thay doi the gidi trong tuang lai. 17 cong nghe ndy dUcfcphdn chia trong 3 linh vi/c: LUU trCt, mgng dien thong minh vd sdn sinh ndng lifOng.
l - L i N H V l / C L l / U T R f f 1. Pin nhien lieu (Fuel cell)
Cae pin nhien lieu bien doi nang luong hda hpc ciia nhien l i f u (vi du nhu hydro) trpc t i l p t h i n h nang lupng dien. Khdng gidng nhu pin hoae ac quy, pin nhien lieu khdng bj m k dien va cung khdng ed khd nang tieh dien.
Pin nhien lieu hoat ddng lien tue khi nhiln lifu (hydro) va chit oxy hda dUOc dfla t f l ngoai vio. Pin nhien l i f u la loai thiet bj nang lUdng cd mfle t h i i d nhiem gan nhu bang 0. Nd dupe "len ke hoach" de sfl dung cho cac tram phdt difn cd djnh eung nhfl eae phflong t i f n ehuyen ehd hanh khdch cd Idn nhfl xe buyt.
Dij dodn pin nhien lieu se trd nen pho bien ndm 2016.
2. Pin Lithium-air
Oxyg«n Cie edng
nghf v i t lifu tien tien cho phep tao ra loai pin nang Iflpng cao Lithium-air (Li- air). Ning Iflpng ddi ddo t f l Li-air cd t h i so sdnh vdi nang Iflpng t f l dau Ida vd gap 5 lan so vdi pin Li-ion truyen thdng. Bang cich sfl dung oxy trong khdng khi thay vi chat oxy hda, pin Li-air giup keo ddi hoat ddng cua eic phflOng tien ehay d i f n .
Du bdo se trd nen pho bie'n vdo 2020.
3. LUu truT va van chuyen nang lucfng hydro Gtd thuyet Id se ed nhdng p h i t minh mdi ve van ehuyen vd lflu trfl hydro thay the eho dien ndng trong mang Ifldi truyin t i l dien hifn tai. Cd the k i t hdp vdi eae phUdng phap truyen tdi ndng Ifldng khdc n h i m gidm thieu t h k thodt va t i n g tdi da k h i nang lflu trfl.
Dubdo cdng nghe ndy se pho bien vdo ndm 2022.
4. LUu truT nhiet nang
Nhift nang dfldc tich luy tU nhufng thiet bi thu ndng lupng mat trdi hoae t f l cic nha mdy nhiet dien. Sau dd nhift
nang dflpc lflu trfl d cdc kho chfla edeh difn de sfl dung cho nhflng muc dich khdc nhau nhu lam ndng khdng gian sdng, phye vu nhu cau ndng luong eua ede gia dinh.
Dubdo se trd nen pho bien vdo 2024.
II - LINH VUC MANG DIEN THONG MINH 1. Mang dien thong minh the he dau Cdc m i y do dien
se ghi lai d i f n nang tieu thu theo thdi gian thyc, rdi chuyin eie thdng tin thu dupe ve cac tram dien de gidm sat va lap hda ddn. Mang dien thdng minh cd khd nang can bang tdi tfl xa,
nghTa la nd cd the t u ddng tat cdc t h i l t bi khdng can thiet lue cao diem.
Ddbdo se trd nen pho bien vdo ndm 2016.
2. Oien phan tdn
Oien ndng dUdc sin sinh vd phdn phdi t d r k nhieu co sd nhd thay vi ede nha mdy dien quy md Idn. Cie n h i mdy d i f n Idn ed kha ndng dap flng nhu eau d i f n eho ca qude gia nhflng qua trinh truyen tdi se gay that t h o i t l i n g phi d i f n nang, khdng ddp Ung duoc mdt each nhanh chdng vd hieu q u i nhu eau efla mang ludi.
Dubdo se trd thanh xu the chu dgo ndm 2021.
3. Mang nang lUdng thong minh
Gia t h u y l t la se ed mpt mang ludi nang lUpng todn eau boat ddng gidng nhu md hinh Internet h i l n tai. Nghia la nd hoat dpng theo mdt ehuan ehung va tao ra cie kenh phdn phdi nhiet, n i n g lupng, khf dot (va ed the cd hydro) t f l eic ngudn ndi dja vd t f l xa, dap flng nhu eau efla tflng hd gia dinh tren t o i n t h i gidi.
Dudodn se trd thdnh hien thi/c vdo ndm 2020.
III - LiNH Vl/C SAN SINH OI$N N A N G 1. Tudc-bin thOy trieu
Day Id mdt dang thuy dien vdi k h i nang b i l n doi ndng Iflang thfly t r i l u thanh d i l n ndng. Hifn tai thi cdng
ffien Jk ff&i song I 33
E] NHIN RA THE Gidl
nghe tudc-bin thfly t r i l u dang dflpc sfl dung d quy md nhd nhflng trong tflOng lai gan nd se dflpc sddung rdng rai hon.
Dudodn sepha bien vdo ndm 2017.
2. Ddng cd nhiet dot ngoai (dong cd Stirling) kich c d n h d
Day la loai ddng co nhift ed h i f u suk cao, dung de ehuyen hda nhiet nang thanh cdng ning. Odng cO Stirling hoat ddng dfldc tren nhilu ngudn nhiet: t f l nang Iflong m i t trdi, phdn flng hda hpe den p h i n iing hat nhan. Nd ed hifu s u k cao hdn ddng eO dot trong eflng edng suit. Nd boat ddng dn djnh, khdng can bdo dfldng nhilu, khdng gay t i l n g dn.
Vdi gia t h i n h ndng Iflpng dang ngdy mdt t i n g eao, dpng cd Stiriing dang dflpc quan tam de dfla v i o eae nhd may p h i t dien sfl dung ndng Ifldng tai tao.
Dubdo se trd nen pho bien vdo ndm 2026.
3. Robot ^ n h vj tam nang \uang mat t r d i Cdc robot nhd gpn cd k h i n i n g thay doi vj tri ede tam thu ndng Iflpng mat trdi (solar panel) tfly theo dieu k i l n thdi t i l t . Sddyng robot se hifu qua hon Id gan eic thiet bj djnh vj len tflng tam panel.
Dukien si duac dp dung pho bien tii ndm 2016.
4. Nhien l i f u sinh hoc the he thuf hai
Cde edng nghf nhien lifu sinh hpe mdi nhu ethanol eellulosic vd biodiesel rong t i o trong tUOng lai s i trd thanh nhien lieu chinh thay the dau md. Cac nhien lieu sinh hpc cd Uu diem Id t h i n t h i f n vdi mdi trudng, khdng gdy hifu flng nhd kfnh.
Du bao viec sddung nhien lieu sinh hgc se trd nen pho bien vdo ndm 2017.
5. Kmh quang dien
D i y Id mdt loai kfnh tfch hpp t l bao quang d i f n eho phep hap thu tia hdng ngoai vd mdt sd loai tia sang khde de b i l n thdnh dien nang. Trong tuong lai, ngudn dien eung cap eho ea mdt tda nha ed t h i lay ngay t f l he thdng efla kinh phfa m k trfldc va t r i n ndc eua tda nha.
Di/kien se trd nen pho bien vdo ndm 2020.
6. Nhien lieu sinh hpc the he thiJr ba
Cdc loai nhiln lifu sinh hpe the he thfl ba se dflOe p h i t t r i l n dya tren nhflng cdng nghe bien doi gen mdi khae xa vdi h i l n tai. Cdng nghe bien ddi gen trong tflong lai se dfloc thuc hien theo nhflng edeh thfle phi truyin thdng nham tao ra nhflng loai nhien lieu sinh hpc mdi.
Ching han nhfl ngfldi ta c6 the s i n x u k hydro t f l tdo, hoie sin x u k e h k furan g i i u ndng nang lUpng d i n h cho cde phuang tien van ehuyen co gidi.
Dudodn nhien lieu sinh hgc the he thUB se trd nin phS bien vdo ndm 2024.
7.Thu nhan nang lUong mat trdi t d n g o i i khdng gian Trong tflOng lai loai ngudi se sfl dung cac tram khdng gian de thu nhan nang Iflong mat trdi, sau do ehuyen v l t r i i d k dudi dangvisdng.TrIn khdng gian, viec truyin n i n g lupng m k trdi se khdng bj anh hudng bdi cie hieu flng Ipc cfla khi quyen.
Dudodn se trd nen pho bien vdo ndm 2027.
S. Phdn ijng hat nhan quy m d nhd
Cdc Id p h i n dng hat n h i n quy md nhd trong tfldng lai se dflpc sfl dung. Cie Id ndy chi d i i khodng vdi chuc met, cd t h i de dang van chuyin v i lap d k . Hiln thdi cic Id n i y mdi chi eung cap dflpc edng s u k 10 MW, nhimg trong tfldng lai g i n ed the nang len 50 MW.
Du bdo se trd nin pho bien ndm 2023.
9. Quan t i n h giam h d p
Day la mdt edng nghf nang lupng nhift hach mdi dang dupe nghien cflu p h i t t r i l n . Cdng nghf nay tao ra cic phdn iifng nhift hach hat nhdn bang cich dot ndng va nen nhien lieu, thudng Id hon hpp cfla deuterium vd tritium.
Dubdo se trd nen ph6 bien vdo ndm 2021.
10. Phan uTng hat nhan Thori
C h k hda hpc thori s i dflpc sfl dyng l i m nhiln lieu eho Id phdn flng hat nhdn thdng thfldng.
Thori cung dfldc sfl dung de sin x u k nhiln lieu hat nhdn trong Id phdn flng tdi sinh.
L/u diem eiia thori la e h k thdi tdn tai trong thdi gian it hon tfl 10 d i n 10.000 lan so vdi e h k t h i i phdng xa h i l n nay C h k thori khdng can phai lam giau gidng nhfl uranium.
Dubdo se trd nin pho biin vdo ndm 2026.
Dang Khoa [Theo Business Insider) Reactor Building Fuel Building
