rRUCfNG DAI Hex: E ) 6 N G THAP Tap chi Khoa hpc so 14 (8-2015) V B I E N P H A P R E N K Y N A N G VIET LU^N
CUA SINH VIEN CHUYEN TIENG ANH, TRlJCfNG DAI HQC DONG THAP
• Nguy§n Ho C6ng Hau", ThS. Pham Van Tac'"' Tom tat
Trong bon ky ndng ca bdn cua tiing Anh, vii't khdng nhiing Id ky ndng chiim phdn quan trgng md :dn Id ky ndng thie't yiu di tgo ra sdn phdm ngon ngit. Khi do. bdi lugn tiing Anh Id mgt sdn phdm ihdng thi thiiu trong sud't qud trinh hge vd van dung ky ndng viit eua sinh vien chuyin tiing Anh. Bdi 7do ndy se trinh bdy thgc trgng viit ludn tii'ng Anh cua sinh viin, qua do di xud't mot so bien phdp ren :y ndng viit ludn tiing Anh eho sinh viin chuyin tiing Anh, khoa Suphgm Ngogi ngd, TrUdng Dgi hgc pSng Thdp.
Tic khda: ky ndng vii't ludn, tiing Anh, Dgi hge DSng Thdp.
1. Dat van d l
Trong bdn ky ndng hpe tieng Anh, viet Id nOt ky ndng kho, d6i hdi ngtfcfi hpc phdi co kidn bffc xa hOi sdu sic, khd nang td^t v l ngSn ngff cung {6i viSc nSm viMg cdc phtfdng phdp, cdch thffc vd fy thudt vidt. Theo Jack C. Richards vd Willy A.
i^chards [9]: "ky ndng viet dtfdc coi Id trpng tdm ,;hinh trong viec gidng day vd hpe tii'ng Anh ct rtfang hpc va cdc kh6a hpc tieng Anh ct cdc trung
„dm ngoai ngff, n6 dtfdc xem Id m^t ky ndng kho /k quan trpng nhd't ddi vdi ngtfdi fapc". Dac bi6t, dii ldm ho sd, tim kidm vi$c ldm d cdc c6ng ty ntfde igodi hay trao doi th6ng tin thtfdng mai vdi eae doi ac d cdc ntfdc phdt triln nhtf Mi, Anh, Oc, Canada, :y ndng vidt cang giff vi tn quan trpng hOn. Do do, ddt ludn tidng Anfa Id m6n hpc kfaSng tfae thieu cua inh vien chuyen tidng Anh trong qud trinh fapc ky ldng vidt d trffcfng Dai hpe, Cao ding.
Tff thrfc te tren, chiing toi tidn hdnh nghien
;ffu flm hieu nhffng kfa6 kfadn trong qud trinh hpe 'idt ludn tidng Anh md sinh vien nam hai chuy6n i6'ng Anh gdp phdi, qua 66 di xu^t nhffng bien )hdp thich hdp gop ph^n ren luyen ky ndng vie^t udn vd ndng cao )sy ndng vidt ludn tidng Anh hieu [ud; dong thcJi giup sinh vien nam hai chuySn tiS'ng
^nh c6 dinh hffdng mdi v l hpc tdp vd ren luyen :y ndng vidt ludn tidng Anh trong cdc ky tfai tidng
^ih nhff TOEFL, lELTS, FCE hode cdc ki thi lay :hiJng chi B l , B2, C l , C2 Uieo khung tham chidu
•hdu Au (CEFR) tiong c6ng tae thffc hidn "De dn i ngff, TrtfAng Dai hoc J Sinh vien, Khoa Sir pham >
)6ng Thdp.
*' Khoa Sir pham Ngoai ngff. Tru'dng Dai hoc Ddng Thdp.
day va hpc ngoai ngff trong h8 thong gido due qu5c dan ViSt Nam giai doan 2008-2020".
2. Cd sd Iy luan 2.1. Dinh nghta vidt
Vie't la phffdng tien fa6 trd d^c Itfc cho con ngffdi trong ddi s6'ng hang ngdy, nhb vidt mk con ngffdi CO the bdy to cam xuc hay tdm ttf, tinh edm ve mpt ai do b^ng each vie't thtf, gffi email hay mudn neu len nhffng quan diem, tff tffSng, y kidn cua minh v l mSt vd^n d l ndo d6 xung quanh cupc sd'ng. Tuy nliiSn, trong qud tnnh hpc mpt ngon ngff thff hai, khdc vdi tiS'ng me de, nhtf tidng Anh - mpt ng6n ngff dtfde sff dung phd bidn 5 cac qudc gia trSn the' gidi, vd trong viec hpc tidng Anh thi ky ndng vidt dtfdc xem Id ky nang rat khd vd phffc tap.
Theo Bello [1]: "Viet tang cffcfng mua lai ng6n ngff nhff la dang hpc thi nghiem vdi cdc ttf, cdu vd edc ydu td khac cua vdn ban truyin dat y tffdng eua minh mpt each hieu qua, va d l ciing cd ngff phdp vd tff vfftig cho ngtfdi hpe". Elbow [3] eho rang,"tff thfti xa xtfa, con ngtfdi da ed nhu ciu de viet vd khi tr6 em muon viS't trong thtfc td chiing can pfadi viS't trtfdc khi ehiing muon dpc". Lannon [5, tr. 9] cung ndi "vidt la mdt qud trtnh cua nhffng quyet dinh edn nhac la IffSng, c6 ngbia la kfai viet mpi thSng tin hay tin nhan pfadi dffdc chuyln dii vdi m6t nghia nhat dinh". Mat khdc, Nunan [7] cho r^ng "viet Id m6t boat dpng mang linh the chd^t vd tinh than, nd kham pha ra nhffng y tffdng, nhffng sang kien vd cdch suy nghi eua ngffdi vie't the hien nhff the ndo de giao tiep vd phdt trien chiing thdnfa cdc edu, cde doan van trong bdi viS't tao nSn stf thu faiit, hap ddn vd d l hilu cho ngtfcfi dpc. Hdn nffa, Byren [2] noi 16n "vidt la qua trinh md eac kj? hiSu phai dtfdc 17
TRUCJNG DAI H O C D O N G T H A P Tgp chi Khoa hpc s6 14 (i
s^p xdp theo quy ffdc nh^t dinh de hinh thanh cde tff va edc tff da dtfde sap xdp de xay diftig thdnh edu van hodn chinh".
2.2. Dinh ngMa ky nang vidt Jun [4, ti. 2] giSi thieh rang "ky ndng vidt Id phffc tap vd kho hilu". Nam vffng yeu ciu khi vidt khong nhffng the hien cf cdc edu dffc ngff phdp, quy dinh cua vdn ban md con dffdc the faien qua viSc sff dung ede thao tac ed ban, ky thudt viet d mffc d6 cao trong viSc to chffe thong tm, phat triln y tffdng, CO stf lffa chpn ttf vd cdc cd'u tnic cdu pfaO hdp de tao ra phong each van ban vd npi dung vdn bdn phu hdp vdi ehii de. Vi the, doi hoi ngffdi vidt phdi CO nhieu ky ndng trong viec sff dung ngon ngff vie't eua minh de cung ed^p ^ ttfdng hay tin nfa^n thong qua edeh diln dat trong qua trinh vidt. Nhffhg theo Lado [6, tr. 248] da noi "hpc vidt mpt ngon ngff thff hai Id khd ndng suf dung ng6n ngtf do vd cdcfa ehuyen ddi ng6n ngff trong mpi tinh huS'ng khde nhau". Vi thd, kfad ndng d l vidt mpt van bdn c6 gid tri khSng dtfde sd hffu tff ng6n ngff ndi md phdi CO khd ndng vidt m^t each sdng tao, cho nen d6i hoi ngffdi vilt phdi c6 khd nang ddc biSt vd bidt cdch vidt cdc vdn bdn ddc biet Hdn nffa, Ramelan [8, tr. 14] neu ISn "vidt Id mpt ttong nhffng ky ndng ngSn ngff ed the dffdc sff dung nhff m6t phtfdng tien tiuyln thong de truyin dat tfadng tin bang cdch dilng ngdn ngff hay cdc bieu tffdng dffdc tfai faiSn bdng van bdn vd no c6 the boat ddng nhff hS thd'ng ede bieu Wdng vd vidt Id mdt dai dien hode bieu tffdng eua ngdn ngff".
3. Thrfc tr^ng vidt ludn cua sinh viSn nam hai chuySn tidng Anh
3.1.Kdt qua phSn tich bai vidt cua sinh viSn
I . . . I
Sud\iug Tliuong ChiaV SlidingKhdngco flii fchoDgxiiyen lip d\iQg khong sulida pUiihQp Ifdciu hiiihttittcdiingcBu hopgifta
trie can canugau tnic can cln'iiigrt va dpng
Biiu dt 1. L6i vl c9'u true ngfl phap
1 1 I
Si> dung Lip III Sir dimg tir khong thucmg tir, qim ti>
tliiclihop xuyeii khoug diiugve
^Sthfalb flnVc
B i l u dS 2. L § i v l tff vffng Song song vdi qud trtnh dff gid quan sdikj ndng vidt tien ldp, ngtfdi nghien cffu tiln ]M tfau thdp 85 bdi ludn cfia sinh vidn ndm hai chuyej tieng Anfa dtfdc viS't trtfc tiep 6 ldp hpc de phiio tich vd tim ra nhitog ldi sai sinh viSn thtfdng xuyen mac phdi khi viS't ludn tie'ng Anfa. Nhin chung, sinh vien thtfdng gap khd kfadn d bd'n phffdng di^i chinh Id ngff phdp, tff vffng, kythudt vidt \i &h dat bdi ludn.
Bieu d l 1 t h i hiSn nhffng l5i ve cd'u tnic ngO phdp sinfa vien thffdng mac phdi khi vie't luSii, trong dd, CO 35 ldi sff dung thi khdng phii hdp chiem 41.17%; 22 l6i thffdng xuyen ldp l a ^ tide cdu chidm 25.88%; 24 ldi chi sff dungS tfaffc cdu ngan chidm 28.23%;30 loi sil dpj khong ddng cdu true cdu chiem 35.29%; vd 75J|
khdng cd sff hoa hdp giffa chu ngff va dfing lU chidm 88.23%.
O bilu do 2, trinh bdy nhffng ldi ve til vi^
khi vidt ludn, co 29 l5i sff dung tff khdng thichli;if chidm 34.11 %; 30 loi lap tijT thffdng xuySn c ^ 35.29%; vd 60 ldi sff dung tff, cum tff kfaong « ve mat hinh thffc chidm 70.58%. S
1 1 i
Viet sai lpi Sir dicing cac Vi k difr in cliiuhta dSiicau lioakhang
khongphii thidi hop hop
B i e u dS 3 . L8i v l ky thuSt vidt 18
.•RUdNG B.M H O C S O N G I H A P Tap chf Khoa hoc so 14 (8-2015)
Kiiougdani Diendaty Diliidatyiol
I
baodimgbd kbougphiihop r?c,kh6ng ciicdinbai vdichnde maclil^cva
iwau tliiiii
Bilu d6 4. LSi v l diln dpt bai lu^n Mat kh^c, khi viet luan, sinh viSn ndm hai on mac ldi v l ky thuat vidt va ldi v l diln dat ai ludn. O bieu d6 3 tfai hien ldi ve ky thudt viS't, 'o 48 ldi viS't sai chinh t i chiem 56.47%; 72 loi tf dung cdc ddu cau khong phu hdp chid'm U.70%; vd 70 Idi vie't in faoa khdng thich hdp
^faiem 82.35%. d b i l u do 4 t h i Men ldi v l dien
^at bai luan; ed 20 loi khdng d i m bdo diing bd V eua bdi ludn chidm 23.52%; 12 loi diSn dat y
^ d n g phCi hdp vdi chu d l ehiem 14.11%; vd 25 '^i dien dat y rcfi rac, khong mach lac vd thidu
\i liSn kdt trong bdi luan chidm 29.41%.
3 Ngodi ra, tiong khi dtf gid vd quan sdt ldp Jtoc, chiing toi phdt hiSn c6 nhieu nguyen nhdn Ihac khidn cho sinh vien mac nhilu ldi khi vidt ihdn tidng Anh nhtf:
li - Trtfdc khi viS't bdi luan, da phan sinh vien Ihdng dpc ky ndi dung ciia de bdi, vi thS' hp khdng Sde dinh vd khdng hieu ky de bai yeu cdu ngtfdi iiet phdi vidt cdi gi vd viS't nhff thd ndo. Sinfa viSn htfa quen vdi viec tim y vd Itfa cfapn y bdi ludn.
idfailu sinh viSn khdng tfatfc hiSn btfdc tim $'. Mat Khdc, sinh vien khdng lap dan bdi cho bdi ludn iftfdc khi viS't,cho nSn khi vidt trtfc tiS'p sinh vien l^m thay bdi rdi vd khdng bid^t chpn y ndo hay, hdng biS't s^p xdp cae y ehinh, y phu vdi nhau .i c6 stf lien kS't, mach lac trong bdi ludn.
- Khi vie't bdi ludn, sinh viSn khdng nam iilig edc d i i m ngff phdp ed bdn khi thdnh ldp cdu ffc cdu hodc sff dung cde thi pfau hdp. Sinh vien titfa quan tdm den cdch sff dung vd vidt cdc cum f hay cdc tff chuyln tiS'p, tff ndi ttong bdi, vi no i5 giup cho bdi luan sinh dpng, din d^t vd ldi cudn W d i dpc. Sinh viSn thffdng m^e ldi ldp tff, khdng 5 sff chuydn ddi cdc tff khien cho bdi luan khd han vd ma't di s^c thdi ngdn ngff. Ngodi ra, sinh ien khong nim vffng eS^u tnic bdi ludn thudc cac
the loai khdc nhau, diSn dat edc y rdi rac, khdng CO lien kS't theo mdt kdt cau nhat dinfa, cho nSn bai luan k e m chdt Iffdng va co nhieu loi. Mat khdc, khi vidt, sinh vien sff dung d3\i cdu vd viet chff hoa sai ve hinh thtfc va viS't sai ldi ehinh ta rat nhilu.
- Khi vidt bdi ludn, sinh vien chtfa c6 ky nang quan 1^ thdi gian kfai vidt ludn tiS'ng Anfa. Sinfa viSn khdng c^nh thdi gian de dpc lai vd kiem tra bdi viet cua minh. Nhilu sinh viSn khdng quan tdm dS'n bdi ludn, hp khdng nhin ra nhieu ldi sai ciing nhff tinh logic giffa cdc ^ ttong bdi ludn. Mdt sd' sinh vien mae nhieu ldi khi viet luan nhiflig lai khdng co y thffc de sffa sal. Vi thd, faiSu qud bdi ludn khdng cao vd diim sd se thd'p. Sinfa vien cfatfa sff dung thdi gian rdnh rdi nhieu cfao ttf hpc, ttf luySn tdp viS't luan. Sinh viSn Itfdi dpe sach bao, tap chi, khdng cap nhdt thdng tin vd dpc cac bdi ludn mlu d l c6 nhieu y ttfdng hay cho bdi vidt cua minh.
Cung theo kdt qud ihu dtfdc tff 125 sinh vien thdng qua cdu hdi "Ban kfaac phuc ldi khi vidt ludn tieng Anh b^ng each ndo?", ngtfdi nghien cffu nhan thay rdng, sinh vien chuyen tidng Anh khac phue l5i khi viet bang mdt sd' cdch sau:
- Hpc ky cd'u tnie eau, hpc thSm nhilu tff vffng mdi sau do ghi chu lai, thtfc hdnh vidt ludn moi ngay nhieu hdn sau gid hpc d ldp vd ddnh thdi gian tff hpc viet luan khi rdnh rdi.
- Thffdng xuySn dpe sach, bdo, tap chi, nghe tin bJc tff phffdng tiSn truyin tiidng dai chiing nhilu hdn de cap nhdt thdng tin mdi v l mpi vdn de ttong ddi sdng xa hdi h^ng ngay d l ed nhffng f tfidng hay, hdp \^ eho ndi dung cua chii d l bdi ludn.
- Vidt bdi ludn gM cho ngffdi day, qua do ngffdi day cd the gidp flm ra ldi sai vd hffdng din chinh sfl^ cho dung, tff do, ngffdi hpe se hpc dffdc each nhdn ra ldi va tff sffa loi ttong nhi&ig lin viet sau.
- Ren luyen ky ndng viet ludn thffdng xuySn vdi nhieu ehu de vd dang bdi ludn khdc nhau, sau do nhd ban xem bai vd cho ldi dinh gid, nhdn xet ve bai ludn do. Hpe tfaSm nhieu cd'u tide ngtf phdp mdi theo dung van phong tidng Anfa vd van dung hlnh tfaffc dung eiia tff ttong qua trinh vidt ludn tieng Anh.
- Dpe vd tham khao nhffng bdi ludn m l u de hpc thSm nhffng cdch vidt mang tinh chat hpc thuat tieng Anh nhieu hdn, co nhilu tff vffng mdi 19
TRUCflSIG DAI H O C D O N G T H A P Tgp chi Khoa hoc sd 14 (8-
ve cac Enh vffc ttong cupc sdng va cdcfa dien dat ngdn ngff vd stf lien kdt giffa cdc cau.
- Hpc each sij'a ldi dffa tten cdc phan m i m vi tinh, tra tff diln, nam vffng edc ky nang viet ludn, quy trinh viet ludn, phffdng phap vidt ludn tff dd viet ludn tdt hdn, nit kinh ngfaiem eho ban than khi mIe nhffng ldi sai ttong bai ludn tff Id thi, kiem tra de tff ban thdn nhdn ra ldi, flm nguySn nhdn sai pham ldi va hpc each sffa ldi hieu qua.
- Tdng ctfdng hpc nhdm de trao ddi cdch hpe vidt ludn vdi nhau, ciing nhau vidt bai vd sffa bai cho nhau, hpc dtfde nhilu y ttfdng hay eua ban ttong nhdm, tff dd giffa ede thdnh vien cung nhau chia se ^ kidn giup nhau hoan thdnh td't bdi ludn.
3.2. Kdt qua p h ^ tich bang diu hoi khao sat Trong phin ndy, ngffdi nghiSn cffu tidn hdnh phdt bang edu hoi khao sdt (14 edu) eho 125 sinh vien nam hai ehuyen tidng Anh, sau do phan tieh sd lieu de flm hilu tiitfc ttang vidt luan tidng Anh ciia sinh viSn vd thu dtfpe ket qua nhff sau:
I I
Bi^u do 6 th^ hien thdi gian ttf hoc vi^'l luj, tie'ng Anh cua sinh vien nSm hai chuySn t i i Anh, c633siilhvienturhoc hon m6t tieng chi^j 26%; 42 sinh vien tiJ hoc n i a tieng denuji tie'ng chie'm 34%; 31 sinh viSn tu hgc it hOn «li tig'ng chiem 25%; v4 19 sinh viSn Ichong be, chiem 15%.
00 80 60 40 20
0
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R^tkho
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1
Kho
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.
Biuli tfauong
HoandiaiiiiHoaotliaulinoaiifliailliHoantilauli khoang khoang khoang thiol 50%
Bilu d6 7. Nh^in dinh vi ky n3ng viit Tiep do 6 bieu d6 7 the hiSn nhan djnh CDI sinh vien nam hai ve ky nSng vi^t, cu thi lief 25 sinh vien cho r i n g vig't la ky nSng rft U chiem 20%; 90 sinh vien cho rang ky nang viS la kho chifin 72%; 10 sinh vi6n cho rang kyniii vi^t Ik binh thudng chiem 8%; v& khong c6 si vien nao cho ring vi^t \k ky nang d6.
Bilu 66 5. Mtfc dp hoan thanh bai luan Bilu do 5 the hien mdc dp ho^n th^nh bai luan tie'ng Anh cia sinh vien khi thay co phSn cong. Cu t h i la CO 9 sinh vi6n hohn thinh 100% Hi luSn chiem 7%; 53 sinh vien hoan thinh khoang 75%
bMluanchie'm42%;60sinhvienhoSinthSinhkhoJng 50% bM luJn chie'm 48%; vi 3 sinh vien hoiin thknh dudi 50% bM luan chiem 2%.
50 40
30
I I I .
Houmgl Nirabeng ithonnua Klioughoc tiCDg den mpt taeag
Bilu d6 6. Th&i gian trf hpc vidt luan 20
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Khougbiethi Khonacodu Khongco KhongeoUio vyngvacau ydevift hungtliude khSnitio tnic de viet vi^
i
Bilu 46 8. Kho khan khi vilt luSn tilng Al*
Bieu do 8 the hien khd khSn ciia sinh*
n5m hai khi vilt luan tieng Anh, c6 73 sinh viii khong biet each s i dung til vung vk cau trie*
Viet chilm 58%; 48 sinh viln khang co dO (^
Viet chilm 38%; c6 4 sinh vien khdng cd iH thu de viet chilm 3%; vk khdng c6 smh vien*
cho ring Ik khong co khd khSn khi viet.
B - U O N G S.41 H O C D O N G T H A P Tap chi Khoa hpc so 14 (8-2015)
100 80 60 40 20
0
.]
Kliodug Khoang Klioaug Duoi 5 ! 9-10 7-8 diam 5-6diSni dilra j
diSm I Bieu A6 9. Diem bai luSn tidng Anh d Idp
Mat khdc, d b i l u do 9 the hiSn diem bai ludn
^ng Anh ciia sinh viSn d ldp, eu the Id 24 sinh Sn cd diem bdi ludn 7-8 diem chidm khodng } % ; 91 sinh vien ed d i i m bai ludn 5-6 d i i m lidm 73%; 8 sinh viSn co diim bdi ludn dtfdi 5 e m chie'm 8%; vd khong cd sinh viSn nao c6 em bai ludn khoang 9-10 diem.
BSn eanh dd, d bieu do 11 the hien cdch thffe hoc vid^t luan cua sinfa vien ndm hai cfauySn tiding Anh ngoai sff dung gido trinh viS't. Qua bieu do ta thd'y, cd 66 sinh viSn sff dung tdi lieu hoe viS't, bdi ludn mdu chidm 53%; 24 sinh vien sff dung handout cua gidng vien khi hpe viS't ludn tie'ng Anh chiem 19%; 17 sinh viSn c6 stf hd trd ttf ban effng ldp chiS'm 14%; vd co den 18 sinh vien cho rang khong eo sff dung cdch thffe nao kfai hoe vidt ludn tiS'ng Anh ngodi giao trinh vid^t chidm 15%.
I. I
Sim t^ cbo Sua bai qua Ket bop cii Khdng c6 euiail hai sua bai Bi^u d6 10. Hinh thffc sffa bai lugn
cua giang vidn
Bieu 66 10 the hiSn hinfa thffc sffa bdi luan la gidng vien, ttong d6 co 54 sinh viSn eho r^ng dng vien si3fa tai ch6 chiS'm 43%; 9 sinh vien cho [rng giang viSn sffa bdi qua email chiS'm 7%; 55 hh vien cho r^ng gidng vien sffa bdi ket hdp ea li chidm 44%; vd 7 sinh viSn cho r^ng gidng vien Long cd sffa bdi chidm 6%.
r.
TJiili?H Handout S\tb6tr9 KbougcoI . .
viet. bai ciia giiiiig dia biin liiau mail vien cimglop
Bi&'u d 6 1 1 . C d c h thffc h p c vidt l u g n
II
Sitataidid Si^abaiqtia Ketbqica Kbongco euiail hm sua bai
Biin d 6 12. H i n h thffc sffa b a i lugn c u a g i a n g vidn
B i e u d o 12 t h e h i e n hinfa thffc sffa b d i l u d n c h o sinh v i e n ttf pfaia g i a n g v i S n . T r o n g d o , c6 5 4 sinfa v i S n c h o r d n g , g i d n g v i e n sffa b a i t a i c h o c h i e ' m 4 3 % ; 9 sinh v i e n e h o r a n g g i d n g v i S n sffa b a i q u a e m a i l c h i d m 7 % ; 5 5 s i n h v i S n c h o r d n g g i a n g v i e n k d t h d p cd h a i k h i sffa b d i e h i e m 4 4 % ; v d CO dS'n 6 sinh v i S n c h o r a n g g i d n g v i S n k h d n g CO sffa b d i ehie'm 6 % .
C o n d b i e u d o 13 t h ^ h i S n h i n h thffc g i d n g v i e n t ^ chffe c h o sinh v i e n vie't l u d n d l d p , c 6 9 2 sinh v i e n c h o r a n g g i d n g v i S n i6 chffe v i e t c a n h a n chiS'm 7 4 % ; 3 2 sinh v i e n c h o r d n g g i a n g v i S n t6 chffe v i d t t h e o n h d m chiS'm 2 5 % ; vd 1 sinh v i e n c h o t\ng g i d n g v i e n t o chffe vlS't t h e o c a p cfaiS'm 1 % . B i e u d o s d 14 t h ^ faien fainfa thffc v i d t l u a n s i n h v i e n thich, ttong d o c o 6 7 sinh v i S n t h i e h viS't cd n h d n c h i d m 5 4 % ; 4 0 sinh v i e n thich v i d t t h e o n h o m c h i e ' m 3 2 % ; vd 18 sinh v i S n tfaich vie't t h e o c a p e h i d m 1 4 % .
21
TRUCJNG DAI HCX^ DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 14 (&.201;
Vi^t ca Viet theo Viet theo
I.
nhan nhom cap
Bi^u d6 13. Hinh thtfc vidt lugn d Wp
h.
Viet ca Viet theo Vilt theo nhan nhom cap
Bi6u d6 14. Hinh thffc vidt lugn sinh vien thich
Siia loi SuaI6i Sua loi ca
l l
tlieo nhom flieo cap nhan
Bid'u d6 IS. ffinh thffc sffa l§i bai luan
Sim loi theo Sira loi theo Sira loi c^
l l
iihoin cSp nhan
Big'u d6 16. ffinh thffc sffa 161 sinh vien thfch
Ngodi ra, ket qua phan tiefa ttf bdng c§u||ij 125 sinh vien con the hiSn d bieu do 15 v^ bji do 16. Bieu do 15 the hien hinh thffc s^a iSii^
luan cho sinh vien tff pfaia gidng vien, ta thJiyci 48 sinh vien cho ring gidng viSn sffa iSibailuij bang caeh sffa ldi theo nhdm chiS'm 38%; 42 sia vien cfao rang giang vien sffa l5i bdi luan bk each sffa loi theo cap chiS'm 34%; vd 35 sinh vin cho rdng giang vien sffa 16i bdi ludn blingdct sijfa loi ca nhdn chie'm 28%.
Bi^u do 16 the hien hinh thffe sffa 16i b&i iuii ma sinfa vien tfaich, co 37 sinh vien tfaich giang via si!fa 16i bai luan theo nhdm chie'm 30%; 30 sinli viei thieh gidng viSn sffa 16i bdi ludn tfaeo cap chien 24%; va 58 sinh vien tfaich giang vien sfel6it4i ludn bSng fainh thtfc ca nhdn ehidm 46%.
Qua kdt qud khao sdt dffdc phdn hoi J \i tff sinh vien ndm hai chuyen tiS'ng Anh, ngui nghien ctfu nhan tha'y rkng:
- Ly do sinh vien thich viet cd nhdn vi si 16i cd nhan: sinh vien mud'n eo thdi gianriengdi tdp trung, khong muo'n phu thude vao ai, mti^
ren luySn each ttf duy doc lap cua ban tliankli vie't luan va sffa iSibai vie't. Tff do, ngtfcfi hoc di dang ldm quen each thtfc hdnh vidt ludn trong ci ky ki€m tra vd tfai. Mat khac, ngffdi hoc thictisii 16i cd nhan bdi vi thiy eo se fatfdng ddn nhietWi sffa ehinh xdc cho bai vidt va thong qua d6 Dgi0 hoe se thd'y dffdc l§i sai va nhd Idu hdn. SiJalJ cd nhdn se hieu qua fadn, giup ngtfcfi hoc ai thi nghe ngtfcfi day phan tich cdc iSi ttong b&iviei ban che stf tranh luan va bd't dong ttf nhieu ^ kifi ttf 66 ttf ban than rut ra kinh nghiSm nhieu b*
trong qud ttinh vidt luan tidng Anh.
- Ly do sinh vien thfch viS't theo nh6m; ci thdnh vien trong nhdm co the tham khdo ^ Id^i trao doi y kien vdi nhau, nhdn dtfdc sff h6 trd, gi^
dd tff cdc thdnh viSn khac co th^ trao d6i^
nghiSm ldn nhau, hoc faoi ldn nhau cdch tri^nkln y, tim y, van dung y trong bai vidt vd se gidpc*
thanh vien tiet Idem thdi gian vidt luan vS fis thdi gian thio luan v l cdcfa vie't bdi ludn, tif*
bai luan dat kdt qua cao. Hdn tfad nffa, nhieuta gioi trong nfaom co the gitip ban ydu sSalail"
vidt cua nhau vd giai ddp thac m^c cho nhau*
dang hdn kfai trao ddi vdi ngffdi day va khi s) 22
RXSCSNG S ^ H O C D 6 N G THLAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 14 (8-2015)
ti theo nhom, cac thdnh viSn ttong nhom se h5
^ vd giup d3 de tim ra l5i, hoc dtfdc ky nang sffa U mdi, hieu qud viet lugn se cao hdn.
J - Ly do sinh viSn thich vidt tiieo edp: sinh
^en eho r i n g giffa hai ngffdi ttong mot cap co thi
% ddng ttao doi y kidn vdi nhau vd sffa bdi, bo ing cho nhau nhffng ky ndng, qua do cd tiie hoc
\&m nhi^u cai mdi tff ban cDng cgp. Vidt theo 5p se de vidt khi ttao ddi kinh nghiSm, ky nang idt vd c6 nhilu f hdn cho bdi vidt sau khi tiiam ihdo y kidn vdi nhau vd cd tii^ ho ttd cfao nhau ihi gap nhffng va'n de t£c bdi lugn nhtf mSe 16i sai lay khong hieu ngi dung cfla chu d l bdi luan ttong lud trtnh vidt. Khi dd, sffa l5i tiieo edp, ngtfdi vidt i5 the ttao ddi y kien vdi nhau, ttf do cd hai cung fhau dtfa ra y kidn chung cho bdi viet vd n6 se giup iJ hai cd th^ hoc hoi iln nhau v l ky nang viet luan, an ciing cap se htfdng din vd h6 ttd nhau kbi sffa
•)i bdi viS't. Hdn thd nffa, viS't cdp se khong ctn jhilu ngtfcfi nhff vie't tiieo nhdm.
3 Ngodi ra, qua nghiSn cffu thffc ttang viS't lugn jja sinh vien cfauySn tie'ng Anh thSng qua bdng
^u h6i d i l u tta, ngffdi nghiSn ctfu nhdn thd'y rang jnh vien dffa ra m5t s6' ^ kiS'n nS'u dtfcfc thay ddi j§ gid hoc viS't nhtf sau:
J - Gidng vien tang thdi gian hoc vidt ludn :,hilu hdn, tang thdi gian ttong cdc boat 66ng thdo ldn ldy y, trien khai y vd Itfa chpn y sau do tie'n I n h vidt bdi ludn tai ldp.
j - Gidng vien eung edp nhilu tdi liSu hpc vie't lgn hdn, cung cdp mpt sd tdi liSu htfdng ddn ky dng vie't, cdc btfdc viS't vd phffctag phdp vie't ludn iSu qud cung nhff cdcfa sff dung cdc cd'u true ngff hdp, cd'u hTic edu vd vdn tff sao cho phong phu, a dang ttong bdi lugn.
, - Gidng viSn cung cap nfaffng bdi ludn m l u vdi hieu the loai khdc nhau, gidng viSn phdn tich va 10 nhffng vi du USn quan d^ sinh vien co the nim ) hlnh thffc cua bdi ludn vd cdch thffc vidt luan.
- Gidng vien nen ket hdp nhilu hinh thffc iS't luan khac nhau nhff Id viS't lugn cd nhan, vie't 'lgn theo nhom va viS't lugn theo cap ttong qua W hpc vidt d ldp giup sinh viSn cd the fapc ky Hng ldm viSc nhdm, ky ndng thdo luan nhdm, hdn tich vd'n de vd cilng nhau gidi quydt vd'n de 'di tiidnh viSn ttong ldp hpc.
4. M^t sd'bien p h a p r e n ky nang vidt lugn cho sinh vifin chuyfen tidng Anh
4.1. M$t sd'd^ xudt dd'i vdi ngffcfi hpc vidt lugn tidng Anh
Thff nhd't, ngtfdi hpe viS't lugn cSn ddnh nhieu thdi gian dpe thSm nhieu sach bao, tap chi, cgp nhat thong tin mdi tien ede phffdng tiSn thSng tin dai ehung hay bdi ludn mdu trong cdc ki thi TOEFL hay CELTS de ed them y nrdng mdi ttong qud trtnh tim ^, sff dung y phii hdp cho bdi lugn va khi do ngffdi fapc se hpe nhieu cdch Igp ludn hay tff bdi lugn dat diS'm cao. Ngtfdi hpc khi viet lugn cin phdi dpc Itfdt qua ehu d l vd phdn tich chu d l cua bdi ludn ky cang sau do thtfc faien c6ng viSc tim f, Itfa chpn cde y hSn quan dS'n n6i dung eua bdi lugn, s^p xep eae y lai vdi nhau vd Igp dan f theo tffng phan chinh theo bd cue ciaa bdi ludn r6i mdi bat diu vidt bdi ludn.
Thff hai, ngffdi hpc ein phdi ed thdi gian tff hpc nhieu hdn cho ky nang vidt, vidt thffdng xuyen, mdi ngdy ngffdi hpc c6 th^ viS't ttf do bat ki chil d l ndo. Khi viS't, ngtfdi hoe cd th^ tham khdo tdi liSu hSn quan de bidt caeh su" dung eiu true cdu, cdc di^m ngtf phap ed bdn vd ndng cao, hieu vd vgn dung nhieu vdn tff vd hpc cdch ldp luan chdt che, logic ttf cac bdi ludn m l u . Mat khdc, ngtfdi fapc phdi c6 stf dam mS thdt sff dd'i vdi ky ndng vidt vd sff hffng thu khi hpc vidt lugn tie'ng Anh. Trffde khi vie^t, ngtfdi hpc nen hieu mpi van de ve bdi lugn, phan tich de bdi mudn ndi dS'n cdi gi, yeu cau cua de bai Id viS't v l cdi gi m6t cdch ky cdng vd chuin xde, tff do ngtfdi hpc mdi bie't cdch viS't nhff the' ndo va faieu dffdc cdcfa diln dat hdp ly cho ed m6t bai ludn.
Thff ba, ngffdi hge nen co sff phdn bo' thdi gian hdp \^ di mang lai hieu qua cao cho hpe viS't ludn tieng Anfa vd vidt ludn tiS'ng Anh tiong kiem tta eudi k j , ki^m tta thtfdng ky. Ngtfdi hpc nSn tgp trung Igp dan y cho bdi ludn trtfdc khi tidn hdnh vidt vi ldp ddn y se giup cho ngtfdi hpc bidt each sap y ndo chinh, y ndo phu cho bdi lugn, tff do dtfa ra quye't dinh dung dan khi chpn cdc y ttfdng eho cd bdi lugn. Trong qua tiinh vie't, ngtfdi hpc phdi dam bdo tinh lien ke't, mach lac giffa cde
^, cde doan vdn vdi nhau vd sau khi vidt, ngffdi hpc ein CO thdi gian de dpc lai todn bS bdi ludn vd k i l m tta lai cde yS'u t6' ttong bdi lugn do.
23
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tgp c:hi Khoa hoc s6 14 (&
Thff nr, trong qud ttinh vidt luan, ngffcfi hpe CO thi vidt nhieu ban nhdp, rdi nhcf ngtfdi day hay ban eiing ldp xem lai tttfdc khi vidt bdi ludn hodn chinh. Dieu ndy se giup eho ngtfdi hpc vidt hiSu qud hdn. Ngffdi hoe co die nhd sff giiip dd vd ho ttd tff phia ngffdi day vd ban cijng hoe de flm ra loi sai ttong bdi luan, tiif dd cd tiie tiiam khao y kien tff ngffdi day vd ban cua minh clu ddn cdch sffa l6i cho bdi lugn hodn tiiien hdn vd sau khi viet tdt edc bdn nhdp, ngtfdi hpc se b^t diu vidt vd hodn chinh bdi luan eua minh. Sau liet hgc sffa bdi vidt, ngtfdi hge nen tiiam gia sffa 16i trffc tidp vdi ngffdi day hoac ban ttong nhom hodc sffa 16i theo cgp. Qua d6, ngtfdi hpc se nhgn ra 16i tff bdi vidt cfla minh vd hge thSm edeh sffa 16i, each viet mdi ttf ban cflng ldp vd ngtfdi phu ttdch gidng day.
4.2. MOt sd d l xudt ddn giang viSn giang d^y viS't lugn tiS'ng Anh
Thff nhat, ngtfdi day tdng cffdng thSm thcfi gian hpc vie't lugn bang cdch cho ngtfdi hpe nghiSn ctfu sdu vd ky nhffng bdi ludn mlu, bdi ludn hay ttong sdch bdo, tap chi hay ttong cac ki tiii TOEFL hode lELTS de giflp cho ngffdi hpc e6 nhieu ^ ttfdng phong phfl, da dang vd hpc each Igp lugn khoa hge vd dat ttinh d6 chuyen nghiep hgc thudt, hdn lam cua ngffdi sinh viSn chuyen tidng Anh. Ngffdi day td chtfc thffdng xuySn cdc cupc thi vidt luan, cupc thi hung bien tieng Anh, cu6c thi viet bdi edm nhgn hay tham luan bang tieng Anh vl mpi linh vffc ttong ddi sdng xa hdi di tff dd giflp eho ngtfdi hpc cd n h i l u kinh nghiem. phdt trien ndng lffe hpc vidt vd vgn dung ky ndng viet ludn tidng Anh vdo cugc thi, mat khde, da Id cd hpi dS' giiip cho ngffdi hge phat huy vdn hiS'u biet, khd nang sdng tao vd khd nang nhin nhgn, gidi quydt nhffng van d l xung quanh ttong eu6c s6'ng hdng ngay.
Thff hai, ngffdi day td chtfc mot vdi tto chdi bd ieh vd liSn quan den npi dung bdi hpc cho ngffdi hpe vidt luan tidng Anh ttong qud ttinh day vidt luan tiS'ng Anh, bdi vi nhffng tro chdi do se tao ra d6ng Iffc cudn hflt ngffdi fapc nfad ngi dung bdi Idu hdn, nd giflp ngffdi hgc vgn dpng 6c suy nghi vd nhieu khd ndng khde qua ttd chdi, ngtfdi hpc se ttd nSn chu dgng, ttf gidc tiiffc hien vd ldm gidm sff thu dSng va Iffdi ldm viee ttong gid hoe 24
vie't luan tieng Anh. Ngffdi day can su" duDg J dang hdn cac ttang thiet bi, nhffng phifcJngtiS day hpc hien dai ttong qua trinh day vietluL tidng Anh nhtf sff dung mdy chidu, sff dung.i;^
clip, thie't ke bdi gidng bkng poweipoint, sijfl tranh anh hay poster hoac cong cu khdc, titJi ngffdi day se ldm tdng hu*ng thfl tim toi vd nghjei cflu eua ngffdi hpc vdo npi dung bdi hgc, ki^niiE ttpng tdm md ngtfdi day dd truyen dat vd giint day cfao ngtfdi fapc.
Thff ba, ttong qud trinfa day viet luSn deoj Anh cho ngtfcfi hgc, ngffdi day thidt k^ nhilu hm dpng day vie^t khdc nhau, cho ngffdi hge thamp thdo lugn nhieu hdn khi flm y cho bdi ludn, cbo ngffcfi hpe viS't luan vd sffa ldi bai lugn v6i nhi^i hinh thffc nhff viS't ed nhan, vie't theo nhom v& vi6 theo cap, tff do ngtfdi hpc se khSng nhSng ptit tridn nang lffe hpc vd vdn dung ky nang vi^tluai md con tang cffdng khd nang ldm viSc cd RIISD, theo nhdm, theo cdp khi do ngffdi hgc se phii tridn nhilu ky nang mem tiong ldp hgc vd tif hoc.
C6 the noi ring, sff tac dgng manh me titcSc cdu lac b6 ky nang nghe, noi, dpe vd vi^t c6 thel sff hd ttd vd ddng viSn, khich le sinh viSn chuyen tidng Anh ngdy cdng co stf dieu chinh phutfng pMp fapc tdp, thay ddi thdi dd vd phong cdch hoc dp tidng Anh theo htfdng tfch ctfc va phii hdp vfli n^
Itfc cfla ed nhdn sinh viSn. Ngodi ra, n6 c6n gf cho gidng viSn, nhd nghiSn eiJu giao due, nghiSi cffu ngdn ngff thd'y dffdc nhffng khuyet diem,!!*
diem, nhiftig khd kfadn eung nfatf nfaiftig vU^ngni eua sinh viSn chuyen tieng Anh ttf viee hgc ^4p hdnh ky ndng nghe, ndi, dpc, viet trong hpc tSpii ngodi cude sdng thtfc te nhtf the' ndo. TCf 6.6, ngif*
day se co nhffng giki phdp phu hdp, hirdng giii quyet dflng dan vd dp dung, dieu chinh nhiiiij phtfdng pfadp day hpc ky ndng tidng Anh cho d viSn chuyen tidng Anh se tdt hdn.
5. Kdt lugn
Vidt lugn tidng Anh giff vai tto quan troai ttong qud ttinh hpc ky nang vidt vd vgn dungw vdo trong cong viec, ddi sdng hkng ngdy. NgS) nay, viet lugn tidng Anh cdng ttd nSn quan troai ddi vdi sinh viSn ehuyen tieng Anh, ddc bi^t^
sinh viSn chuyen ngdnh Sff pham khi ho se pw tham gia ky thi chuan gido vien tieng Anh Cl i'
KXJCSNG SAI HOC E ) 6 N G T H A F Tap cht Khoa hoc so 14 (8-2015)
2 theo dS dn 2020. Tff ket qua nghien cflti, ngffdi lugn tiS'ng Anh cho sinh vien eiing nhff dffa ra mdt ghien cffu da nSu len thffc ttang vie't luan cfla s6'dl xud't dS'n giang viSn phu trdch gidng day m6n nn viSn ndm hai chuySn tidng Anh. Ngffdi vidt ludn nham muc dich chung la khac phuc nhffng ghiSn efllj da ttinh bay thffc ttang hpe vidt lugn kho khdn vd vffdng mdc eua smh vien tff tiiffc ti^ng eng Anh thdng qua qua ttinh phdn ticfa bdi vidt nghiSn cflU, gop phin cai thiSn vd ndng cao ndng Sn ldp vd bdng cdu hoi dieu tta cho 125 sinh vien Iffc vidt luan tieng Anh cung nfatf giup sinfa vien dm faai cfauyen tiS'ng Anh, Tff do, ngtfdi ngfaiSn rSn luySn ky ndng viet ludn tie'ng Anfa ngdy cdng iJu da nSu ra m6t sd bien phdp rSn ky nang vidt tidn bd, hieu qua va cfauySn nghiSp hdn./.
Tai lifu tham khao
[1]. Bello (1997), Improving ESL Learners' Writing Skills, Public Schools Adult Education.
[2]. Byren (1988), Teaching Writing Skills: Longman handbooks for language teachers, London:
ong man.
[3]. Elbow (1973), Writing Without Teachers, New York: Oxford University Press.
[4]. Jim (2010), Writing Skills In Second Language, The University of Free State.
[5]. Lannon (1989), The Writing Process: A concise rhetoric, Soutiieastem Massachusetts Uni- ersity Press.
[6]. Lado (1961), Writing Skills In Second Language, The University of Free State.
[7]. Nunan (2003), Practical English Language Teaching, Boston: McGraw Hill.
[8]. Ramelan (1992), Writing Skills In Second Language, The University of Free State.
[9]. Jack C. Richards & Willy A. Richards (2002), Methodology In Language Teaching, An An- lology of Current Practice.
SOLUTIONS TO TRAINING ENGLISH ESSAY WRITING SKILLS FOR THE ENGLISH MAJORS AT DONG THAP UNIVERISITY
Summary
Among the four basic English skills, writing is not only an important but also an essential skill ) create the communicative linguislie products. English essays are indispensable products in the
;arning and practicing writing skills process of English majors. This paper aims to analyze the
;ality of their English essay writing; there by proposes some solutions to improve these writing tills for second-year EngUsh majors. Faculty of Foreign Language Teacher Education, Dong Thap tniversity.
Keywords: Essay writing skills, Enghsh, Dong Thap University.
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