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THU'C TIEN - KINH N G H I I MSinh vien Phdn hieu Dgi hoc Dd Ndng tgi Kon Tum _ Anh: baogialai.com.vn tiudng cap tinh vd 53 trudng cdp huyen. Tdng sd
hpc stitii PTDTNT vung Tdy Nguyen ndm hpc 2016-2017lal4.454 hpc smh (ttong dd cap tinh Id 3.249 hpc sinh va cap huyln la 11.205 hpe sinh).
Tyle hpc sinh hpc trudng PTDTNT so voi hpc sinh DTTS cdp trung hpc cua vung Id 7,23% (tang 0,57% so vdi nam hgc 2010-201D'^'.
D l tao dilu kiln thudn Ipi cho con em ddng bdo DTTS d cdc dia ban vimg sau, vimg xa d i n tmdng, eac tinh Tdy Nguyen cung chu ttpng phdt triln ve quy md, mang ludi tmdng pho thdng ddn tdc bdn tiii (PTDTBT). Nlu ndm hpc 2012 -2013, todn vung ed 5 tinh cd tiudng PTDTBT, gdm 81 tmdng va 10.682 hpc stiih bdn tni, thi din ndm hpc 2016-2017, todn vung cd 97 tiirdng va 12.753 hgc smh bdn tni. Ngodi viec thuc hien giang day theo chuang ttmh giao due phd thdng, eac tiudng cdn tich cue td chuc cae nOi dung giao due dac thu d l hudng hgc sinh DTTS vao cdc hoat ddng bd ttg nhdra phuc vu tdt eho viec ndng
cao chdt lupng hpc tap. Cdng tac nudi dudng, chara sde hgc smh dugc thuc hien khd tdt; vg co ban, cde tmdng PTDTBT dgu bao dam dugc cho an, ngu vd stiih hoat an toan, tien lgi cho cdc em.
Chinh vi vdy, chat lugng gido due ciia trudng PTDTBT ngdy cdng dugc nang len. Nam hgc 2016-2017, sd hgc suih hoan thdnh cap tilu hgc dat 98,9%; cap tiung hge co sd 92%; sd hgc smh dat tiidnh tich ttr cap huyen ttd len chilm 3% d ca 2 cap hge; sd tmdng dat ehuan qudc gia d cdp tilu hgc Id 5 trudng, cdp tmng hgc casd 1 tiudng.
Kit qua nay da khdng dinh chat lugng giao due cua cac tnrdng PTDTBT d vung Tay Nguyen dd dat dugc nhigu tign bd rd ret, mat bang chat lugng cd tiie ddt ngang bdng vdi cdc tiudng cd digu kien tiiuan lgi eua vimg''''. Su phat triln dn dirtii ve quy md, sd lupng vd ndng cao chat lupng dd khang dinh dugc vai ttd to Idn ciia he thdng tiudng PTDTBT ttong vile huy dgng toi da hge smh tteu hgc vd tiung hpc co sd ttong do tudi tdi
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tnidng, giam tyle hge sinh bo hge, nang cao chat lugng giao due toan diln; gdp phan quan ttpng vao vile cung cd va duy tri ket qua phd cap giao due tilu hpe, phd cap giao due tnmg hgc ca sd, ndng cao dan tri vd phdt triln ngudn nhan luc vimg DTTS oTay Nguyen.
Cac tinh Tdy Nguyen eiing phdi hgp chat che vdi cdc Bd, ngaitii lien quan nghiin eiiu, bien soan nhieu tai heu, sdch gido khoa thue nghiera... bdng tilng DTTS (tilng ndi, ehu viet ctia ngudi DTTS cd ddng dan sd r±at d timg dia phuong) dua vdo giang day d cdc tmdng tilu hgc tai cdc vung ddng bao DTTS tai chd, cae trudng PTDTNT. Tinh d i n ndm hpc 2016-2017, toan vung Tay Nguyen cd 107 tmdng, 626 ldp, vdi 14.964 hgc smh hpc tilng E Dl; 84 tiudng, 392 lop vdi 8.726 hpc sinh hpc tilng Jrai; 26 trudng, 68 ldp vdi 1.991 hgc sinh hpc tilng Bana. Tu ddu nam hpc 2018-2019 den nay, tinh Ddk Ldk da cdp sdch gido khoa mdi tilng Edi mign phi cho 13.170 hpc sinh dan tdc Edd thudc 3 khdi ldp 3,4,5 vd 133 gido vidn day tigng dan tdc Ede d 106 tmdng tieu hpc ttdn dia bdn. Cde tinh Kon Tum, Ddk Ndng, Lam Ddng cung da trich ngan saeh dia phuong hang tram ty ddng d l in sdch gido khoa bdng tting DTTS tai cho, sach bdi tap, raua sdm ttang thiet bi dd dung day hpc phuc vu tdt yeu cdu day va hgc'^'. Ben cartii dd, viec bdi dudng gido vien day tilng dan tdc va bdi dudng phuong phdp day hge tieng Vilt nhu mdt ngdn ngu thii hai cho hgc sirJi DTTS dugc cac ca sd gido due va dao tao vtmg Tay Nguyen trien khai ti'ch cue theo dting tinh than chi dao cua Bg Gido due vd Ddo tao, gdp phan tich cue vdo viec ndng cao chat lugng day hgc, giu gm va phat huy ban sdc van hda cua cdc ddn tdc Tay Nguyen.
Gido due ehuyen nghilp, day nghe va dai hpc eung duge phdt trien manh. Den nay, vung Tay Nguyln cd 5 trudng dai hpc, 4 phdn hieu/ca sd
cua cac tiudng Dai hpc vd 9 trudng cao dang. Vdi quy md sinh vien chirtii quy tai cac tiudng tten dia ban eua vimg nam hgc 2016-2017 la 31.386 sirtii vien, chiem 1,77% tdng sd smh vign cd nudc (ttong dd sinh vidn dai hgc la 19.980 va eao ddng Id 11.406), tyle smh vien ngudi DTTS dat hi 18%
-20% trd len trong tdng sd sinh vign cua eac trudng dai hgc, eao ddng ttong vtmg'^'.
Mgt ttong nhitng chlnh sdch phat trign gido due ddn tpc Id thuc hien che dp cu tuygn hpc smh dan tdc tdt nghiep trunghgc phd thdng vdo theo hge tai eac tmdng dai hpc, cao ddng nhdm tao digu kiln thudn lgi cho hpc sirtii dan tdc dugc tilp can giao due trinh dp cao vd tao ngudn cdn bd DTTS tuong lai. Trong nhung nam qua dd cd hang nghin con em ddng bdo ddn tdc Tay Nguyen dugc cii myln vdo hge tai cac trudng dai hgc, cao dang vd tmng cap chuyen nghiep trong vimg vd tren ca nude.
Cdng tdc xda mu chii cho ngudi DTTS dupe cde dia phuong quan tdm. Kit qua ttong 5 ndm hpe (2012-2017), cdc tinh dd huy ddng sd lugng hgc vlln ra hpc cac ldp xda rati chii va gido due tiep tuc sau khi bilt chii la 7.140 ngudi.
Cdc tinh Tay Nguyln thuc hien day du cae ehe dp, chinh sdch doi vdi hpc smh DTTS nhu cap ntiin phi sach gido khoa, vd hgc sinh, dd dimg hgc tap, bdo hiem y tl, cdp hgc bdng, tin dung cho hpc sinh, sinh vign, uu tien ttong tuygn sinh, dao tao theo dia chl su dung... Nhd ede chinh sdch ho trg nen dd tao dieu kiln cho nhieu con em ddng bdo DTTS dugc bgc tap, gdp phdn tang tyle cdc em d i n tmdng. Con em cdc dan tdc deu cd ngudi hge dai hpc, cao dang vd cdc tmdng day nghg. Nhieu em da cd rtiiiing nd luc vd dat thanh tich cao trong hpc tap, qua dd dd bd sung them mdt ngudn luc dugc dao tao caban phuc vu cho cdc vtmg kho khdn, vung ddng bdo DTTS.
NhtingkhdkhiD, thich thdc
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THl/CTIEN-KINHNGHliM Bdn canh nhiing ket qua ngu trgn, viec bdo dam quyln hpc tap cua ngudi DTTS d Tay Nguygn hien nay van cdn khdng It khd khan, thdch thuc, cu t h i nhu:Nhin chung, raat bang giao due, trinh dp dan tri cua ddng bao eac DTTS vdn cdn ed khoang each khd xa so vdi mat bdng chung cd nudc. Chdt lupng hpc tap ciia hpe smh DTTS ttin dia ban Tay Nguyln cdn thap, cdn ed su chlnh lech ldn vg giao due giiia hgc sinh ngudi DTTS vd hpc sinh ngudi Kirtii. 6 nhieu vtmg sau, vimg xa, khoang cdch til nha den trudng hgc edn ldn, nhieu hd ddng bdo ddn tdc cdn thdi quen dua eon dl rdy, chua quan tdra, chdm lo ddn viec hpc tap cua con cdi vd ban thdn hp. Theo sdhlu tdng dilu tta dan sdngdy 1-4-2019, Tdy Nguyen va ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long la cdc vtmg cd ty Id ddn so ttong dp tuoi dl hoe nhung khdng di hpe cao nhat ea nudc, ty le ctia mdi vung la 13,3% (toan qudc 8,3%). Hien nay, ty lg bigt chii ttong ede dd tudi cua cdc tinh Tdy Nguyen cdn thdp hon mat bdng chung cua toan qudc. Tdng sd ngudi mu chii ttong dp tudi ttr 15 - 60 cua cdc tinh Tdy Nguyln la 535.005 ngudi, chilm 18% ty le ngudi mil chu ttong toan qudc (2.892.106 ngudi).
Co sd vdt chdt tiudng ldp va trang thilt bi day hgc ddi vdi giao due mdm non cdn nhieu han chl, titilu ddng bd anhhudng din ty le huy dgng tre den tmdng. Ty le phdng ban kign cd cdn chilm qud nua tdng sd phdng hgc, cd 19,7%
phdng hgc chua dat chuan, 5,08% phdng hge tam (ttong khi do bmh quan chung toan qudc, sd phdng hgc ehua dat chuan ty 11 la 10,7%, phdng hge tam ty le la 3,7%), cdn nhieu dilra tmdng nho le, phdn tan. Ty le nhap hge d bac mdu gido thdp, chl dat 33%, bang 2/3 muc tiung binh cua ea nudc (khoang 46,4%).
Ngudn luc dau tu cho giao due dan tgc ndi tni chua dap iing ygu cdu. Da so cdc tmdng
PTDTNT cap huyen dugc dau ttr xdy dung tii nhiing ndm 80,90 cua tiie ky XX, nen da xuong cap tram trgng; rtiiieu hang muc phtiC vu cho hoat ddng gido due vd nudi dudng hpc sirtii chua dugc dau m nhu: phdng hgc bd mdn, thu vien, nha tap da ndng, phdng y tg, cdng ttirtii ve smh, nude saeh... Vi vdy, nhu cdu xdy mdi, bd sung, nang cdp, cai tao ca sd vat chat trudng PTDTNT cua cdc tinh Tay Nguyen rdt ldn, ttong khi ngudn vdn chu ylu bd tti tii Chuong trirtii rauc tilu Qudc gia gido diic dao tao hang nam rat han hep.
Digu nay dnh hudng dgn ehdt lugng day hpc va cde boat ddng giao due cua nhd tmdng.
Viec thuc hien mdt sd chirtii sach dac thu ve gido due, dao tao d vting ddng bao DTTS chua tdt, nhdt Id cdc chinh sach nhu cu tuyln, dao tao theo dia ehi mac du rdt thilt thuc rtiiung trien khai kera, ehdt lugng dao tao va sir dung chua cao'^.
Viec trien khai mdt sd chinh sdch cd luc, cd noi cdn chdm ttg, thilu ddng bd, thuc hien ehua tdt; rapt sd chinh sach ddi vdi gido vien, nhan vien, hpc sinh vtmg DTTS van edn ban che, bat cap vg ddi tupng dugc hudng, dinh miic, thdi gian hudng, phuong thiic hd ttg*^'... Hdu hit cac dia phuong viing DTTS cd ty 11 hd ngheo cao, digu kien kinh tg, xa hgi dac biet khd khan, ndn mdc du dd dugc uu tien, rtiiung do ngudn lue ngdn saeh cd ban ngn ehua dap iing dugc rtiiu cdu kinh phi ddu tu thuc hien cdc muc tigu gido due vd ddo tao; van cdn thieu co che, chinh sdch dac thu de phdt trien gido due, ddo tao ddn tdc vimg Tdy Nguygn.
2. Mot s6 giai phap gop ph4n bao dam quyen hoc tSp cua nguoi dan toe thi^u s6 ff Tay Nguyen
Dl day raanh su nghiep gido due ddn tpc, bao dara quygn hgc tap cua ngudi DTTS dTay Nguyen gdp phan thuc hiln binh dang giiia cdc dan tdc cdn tap tiung tiiuc hien mot sd gjai phdp sau:
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Mdtla, ri scat, dieu chinh, hd sung cac chinh sich phat triin giio due dan tdc cho phd bop vdi yeu ciu thuc tiin
Tilp tue thuc hien ddy dti va kip thdi cdc chinh sdch hien hanh vl phdt triln giao due ndi chung, cae ehinh sdch giao due ddi vdi ngudi DTTS d Tdy Nguyen ndi ridng. Rd soat lai eae chuih sdch hien hdnh, trin ca s6 dd dg xudt, kiln nghi vdi Qudc hgi, Chinh phii, Thu tudng Chinh phti vd cdc bd, nganh lien quan sua ddi, bd sung, ban hartii cdc chirtii sdch phdt triln gido due va ddo tao vung DTTS giai doan mdi cho phu hgp vdi ylu edu cua thuc tien, ehu y dgn nhung chinh sach dac thu cho gido due dan tgc Tdy Nguyln.
Haili, ra soat, quy hoach lai mang ludi cac ca sagiao due, dao tao
Cdc dia phuong ttong vung can ra soat, quy hoach lai mang ludi cdc ca sd gido due. Trude mdt cdn uu ttin ddu tuxdy dung trudng hpc mdi cho cde xa ehua cd trudng mam non, khac phue tinh ttang trudng hpc xudng cdp, chu ttgng ddu tu ca sd vat chat cae diem tiudng Ie de tang quy md huy ddng tte din ldp. Cdn phat triln he thdng tmdng ldp mam non din tan cum diem dan cu dl tdng ty II ede chdu dugc di hgc mau gido trudc khi vdo hpc ldp 1, uu tiln ngudn von dl tung budc hoan thien mang ludi eac tmdng hpc phd thdng, bdo dam ddp iing rtiiu can di hpc cua hpe suih ttong dp tudi. Quy hoach giao due mam non, phd thdng, giao due nghg nghiep va gido due dai hpc phai dam bao tinh hen thdng, gdn chat vdi cae chi sd phan ludng gido due, nhdm ddp iing nhu cdu hpc tap cua ngudi DTTS vd yeu cau ddo tao ngudn nhdn luc cho phat triln kmh te - xa hgi cua dia phuong.
Ba la, xay dung doi ngu giio vien, giing vien va cin bd quan If giao due dip jingyiu ciu ddi mdi giio due dao tao
Xay dung quy hoach, ke hoach ddo tao, bdi dudng cdn bg quan ly, nhd gido phu hgp vdi yeu cau ddi mdi gido due. Quan tam phdt trign ca ve sd lupng va chat lupng dpi ngu can bd, giao vign la ngudi DTTS d cac cap hpc; ldm tdt cdng tdc eu myln; gdn dao tao vdi sit dung, bao dam dting sd lugng, ca cdu, ngdr± nghg, trirtii dp, chiic danh theo dia chi, xdy dung dpi ngu gido viin Id ngudi DTTS dat chudn. D cap hpc mam non, tieu hpc cd sdlupng ldn hoc sinh DTTS theo hpc nen bd tri gido viin diing Idp Id ngirdi DTTS, dilu nay la cdn thiet bdi nhieu hgc smh ddn tdc vdo ldp Mgt cdn chua ndi thao, thdm chi chua ndi dugc tilng Vilt. Thue bien diing, ddy du, kip thdi cac che do, chirtii sdch cho gido vien va can bp quan ly gido due, dac biet la cac nha gido dang cdng tdc tai viing sdu, vtmg dac biet khd khdn.
Bdn la, ddi mdi ndi dung cbiKoig trinh cac dp hoc va ning cao chat lupng giao due dao tao
Tiep tue cai tign phuong phap, ndi dung, chuong trinh hgc va cdc bd sdch giao khoa phu hgp vdi hgc sinh DTTS. Ndi dung kign thiic ttong sdch gido khoa can dugc dieu chinh theo hudng phu hpp voi kha ndng cua hpc sinh DTTS, nhdt Id cap tilu hgc; tao dieu kien cho cde era hgc tilng Viet tir edp hpe radra non nhdra khac phuc tirtii ttang hge smh tieu hgc bd hpe do khdng tiep thu dugc kien thiic. Timg bude ddi mdi phuong phdp, nang cao chat lupng day hpc tiieo hudng phdt huy tinh tich cue, ehu ddng sangtao cuahgc sinh DTTS.
Nim la, nang cao chat lugng ddi sdng moi mat cho ddng bao DTTS
Trong tiidi gian tdi, cdc tmh Tay Nguyen dg nghi Chinh phu tiep tuc ehi dao cac bd, ngartii xdy dung chinh sdch ve ddn tde, mien ntii ndi chung, Tdy Nguyen ndi rieng mang tinh tap tmng, gidi quyit nhieu mue tieu vdi ngudn luc du manh cho tiing vung. Nha nudc cdn tich cue hd ttg cho ddng bao cdc DTTS phat tiiln kinh te.
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T H l / C T I E N - K I N H NGHIEM xda ddi, gidra ngheo, thu hep khodng each v l miic sdng giiia cac vimg nhu: khuyin khieh dau tu vdo vung DTTS; hd ttg tao dilu kiln de phdt trien kit cau ha tang; uu tien giai quyit dat san xuat, ddt d, nudc smh hoat; dao tao ngudn nhdn luc; giai quyit viec lam; thuc hien chinh saeh giao ddt, giao rimg cho ddng bdo DTTS quan ly de phdt ttien trdng, cham sdc, bao ve va khai thac riing hieu qua; ho ttg phdt trien sdn xuat (ky thudt vd vdn], kgt ndi thi tiudng tieu thu... dg gdp phan ndng cao chat lupng ddi sdng ddng bao DTTS Tay Nguygn •(1) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap, t.4, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, Ha Ngi, 1995, tt.8.
(2) Dien hinh la Cfy ban Nhan dan tinh Kon Tum ttong viec tiiuc hien Quygt dinh sd 112/2007/QD- TTg hd ttg tien an cho hpc sinh ttong cac tmdng dan tgc ban tin; Quygt dinh sd 143/QD-UB ngay 26- 1-2010 cua Uy ban Nhdn dan tinh Dak Ndng vg chlnh sach ho ttg kinh phi cho hpc sinh, sinh vign ngudi DTTS tinh Dak Nong; tinh Dak Lak trien Ichai (hue hien cac chinh sach hd ttg cho hgc sinh d cac tradng PTDTNT, ban tni, hpc sinh hpc tilng Edg, giao vien day tieng Ede, thuc hien chinh sach hd ttp sach giao khoa cho hgc sinh ngheo...
[3), (4), (6) Bg Giao due va Dao Tao: Bao cao tinh hinh phat trien giao due va dao tao vOng Tay Nguyen nam 2017.
(5) Quang Huy(2018): Chu trong day tiing dan toe cho ddng bao dan toe thieu sd, daidoanket.vn.
(7) Chinh sach cir tuyen vao cac tradng dai hgc, cao ddng dang cd nhung bat cap: hoc sinh cir tuyln dugc hudng nhieu uu dai ttong thdi gian hgc tap va dugc phan cong cdng tac (bd ui viec lam) sau khi tdt nghiep dai hgc, cao ddng, trong khi nhiing hpc sinh DTTS khac sau khi tdt nghiep trung hgc phd
tiiong tu titi do vao cac tmdng cao ddng. dai hgc cdng lap khdng dugc hudng chl do uu dai ttong qua trinh hpc tap va khdng duoc uu tien bd tri vi^c lam, dilu dd dudng nhu tgo ra su khong cdng bdng ttong cimg ddi tiigng hgc sinh DTTS. Mat khac, khi tiln hanh cu tuyen, khdng co quy dinh dilu kien v6 chgn nganh bpc, ma de bpc sinh cit tuygn tii chgn nganh, nen cac em chgn nhung nganh chua tiiuc su can thiet ddi vdi dia phuang hoac nhiing nganh hien dupe dao tao nhieu ttong xa hgi, nen sau khi tdt nghigp khd bd tti viec lam. Ben canh do, quy trinh chpn hgc sinh cii tuyln chua dugc man thii nghiem nen chdt lugng (kien tiiiic) cua smh vien ctr tuyen khdng bao dam ddn din kit qua tdt nghiep cua mgt sd sinh viin cir tuygn thdp, do la nguyen nhdn nhieu ca quan, don vi khdng mudn tuyen dung sinh vien cii tuyen vdo ldm viec.
(8) Thdng tti lign tich sd 109/2009/TTLT-BTC- BGDDTngay29-5-2009euaBd Gido due vaDao tao va Bd Tai chinh ve hudng dan mpt sd che dd tai chinh ddi vdi hpc sinh cdc tnrdng PTDTISTT va cac tmdng du bi dai hpc ddn tgc quy dinh: hoc sinh dang hgc tai cac tmdng tten dugc hudng hgc bdng chinh sach bdng 80% miic luong co sd cua nha nirdc va duoc hudng 12 thdng ttong nam. Vdi miic ttg cdp nhuvdylathap, chua dap ling dugc ygu cau vg and va sinh boat cua hgc sinh hien nay. Hpc sinh luu ban chl dupe hudng 50% suat hgc bdng, quy dinh nay cd tac dung ttong viec khuyen khich hgc sinh cham chi va tap trung hgc tap de dat dugc kit qua hpc tap cao, song ddi vdi bpc sinh ngi tni nha ngheo khi luu ban, ngu dugc hudng 50% hgc bong thi cudc sdng se khd khan dg dan dgn bo hgc giua chimg.
Ddi vdi trudng PTDTBT: vdi miic ho ttgtign an cho cho hgc sinh ban tni theo Nghi dinh s l 116/2016/ND-CP ngay 18-7-2016 cua Chlnh phu quy dinh chinh sach mdi hgc sinh dugc h5 tro moi tiiang bdng 40% muc luong ca sd va dugc hudng khong qua 9 thang/nam/hgc sinh la qua thap.
LYLUAN CHINHTRj-So 3/2020
