Ngay nay, viec si? dtjng thong tin ve tinh viin tham trong nghien cUu, giam sat Trai Dat da trd thanh mot nhu cau thiet yeu cua nhieu quocgia, trong do co Viet Nam. Khong keden cac loai ve tinh quan stf, cac ve tinh dlnh vi, cac ve tinh viin thong... cac he thdng ve tinh tham sat (hay quan sat Trai Dat) dang hoat dgng tren quy dao rat da dang ve chung loai va tinh nang. Cong nghe khai thac thong tin ve tinh dang thi/c sUphuc vu con ngUdi, mang lai hieu qua cao trong nhieu ITnh Vifc khoa hpc cong nghe (KHCN), phuc vu ddi sdng, san xuat va kiem scat tai nguyen - moi trUdng va quan ly lanh tho...
D
ang v i Nha nQdc ta da khang djnh phit trien KHCN l i qudc sach hang dau, la nen tang v i ddng iQc day manh edng nghiep hoi, hien dai hoa da't nQdc. Day manh cdng nghiep hoa di't nudc la noi dung cd ban cua qua trinh phat trien dat nUdc ta giai dogn 2005 2020 vdi mucfidu cu the la nQdc ta se trd thanh nQde cong nghiep vio nam 2020. De thQc hien muc tieu tren, van de cd tfnh cha't quyd't djnh la day manh Qng dung va phat then KHCN, dUa KHCN thQc sQ trd thanh nen tang va ddng lUe day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa da't nQdc. Phat trien KHCN noi Chung va KHCN vidn tham ndi rieng phuc vu quan ly tai nguyen thien nhidn va mdi trQdng ddng vai trdquan trpng cho sQ nghidp phat trien di't nQde ta hien nay.
Nhu cau Qng dung cong nghd vidn tham de quan ly tai nguyen thien nhien trQdc hd't la tai nguyen da't, tai nguydn nude, tai nguydn khoang san, tai nguydn rQng,... va giam sat moi trQdng ngay cang trd nen bQc xuc v i trd thanh mot
Anh internet
trong c i e nhidm vu chi!i dgo cua Qng dung v i phat trien cdng nghe cua Bp T i i nguydn va Mdi trudng. Trong
do, vide Qng dgng cdng nghe viln tham de giim sat t i i nguyen v i moi
^trQdng d nQdc ta trong thdi gian qua
tuy da thu duoc mpt
|Sd ket qua seng cdn ft, tan man va tren thQc te chua dap Qng dudc nhu cau. C i e Qng dung edng nghe vidn tham chu yd'u mdi t i p trung vao ITnh vuc hien chlnh ban dd dja hinh, thanh lap mpt sd ban dd ehuydn de, bude dau de cap dd'n Qng dung'cdng nghe viln thim phuevu quan ly da't dai va mpt sd khfa canh cua mdi trudng. ThUc te dd ddi hoi phai day mgnh Qng dung rdng rai edng nghd vidn tham phuc vu quan ly tai nguydn thidn nhidn va giim^-
"•sat mdi trudng. De dat dUde nhidm vu trdn vide d i u tu cong nghe mdi nham xay dung ddng bp hd thdng thu nhgn, xQ ly dQ lieu va ap dgng tu lieu anh vu tru l i ydu eau edn thiet va bQc xuc vdi nude ta hidn nay.
Nam 2003 Th& tudng Chinh phD da ddng ^ cho sQ dung ngudn vdn ODA cDa Cdng hda Phip de xay dQng DQ an Xay dQng He thong Giam sit T i i nguyen thien nhien va Mdi trudng d Vidt Nam v i giao eho Bp T i i nguydn v i Mdi trudng to ehQc thQc hien. Trung tim Vidn tham - Bg T i i nguydn v i Mdi trudng dUdc giao chu tri thuc hidn. Thing 6 nam 2005 Trung tam Vidn thim thudc Bp Tai nguydn va Mdi trQdng dUdc sQ uy quyen cija Bd trudng Bp Tai nguyen v i Mdi trudng da ky hgp ddng vdi Cdng ty Hing khdng Vu tru Chau Au (EADS) tie'n hanh thuc hidn dQ an trong thdi gian 3 nim. He thdng giim sit Tai nguyen thidn nhidn va Mdi trudng bao gdm 3 thanh phan:
Trgm thu mat dat cho phep thu trQc tid'p tQ ve tinh Snh Spot 2, 4 v i 5 (cic anh cd do phan giai tQ 2,5m, 5m, 10m v i 20m}, anh Envisat ASAR (radar) dp phin giai 30m v i i n h MERIS dp phan giiii thi'p 300m phgc vu cho nghien cQu nhiet dp v i dp min nUdcbien;
- Trung t i m DQ lieu Qudc gia cd khS ning xQ ly, phan tich, iQu trQ va phan phoi eic
dQ lieu thu nhan dUdc;
- He thdng Qng dgng dQ lidu (gdm 15 ddn vi) cho phep sQ dung eic dQ lidu da dupe xQ 1^ 6 Trung t i m dQ lieu vao eac muc dfch rieng ciia tQng cdquan,tdehQe.
l/u diem cQa cong nghd v i i n tham
Cdng nghd vidn tham fa mpt phan cua edng nghd vu tru, tuy mdi phat trien nhung da nhanh chdng dUde i p dgng trong nhieu ITnh vuc va dUdc phd bie'n rdng r i i d cac nildc phat trien. Cdng nghd vidn tham da trd thinh phuong tidn ehu dao cho cdng tac giam sat t i i nguydn thidn nhien v i mdi trQdng d cap dp tQng nUdc, tQng khu vuc v i trong pham vi toan cau. Kha nang Qng dung cdng nghe vidn tham ngiy cing dupe ning cao, d i y l i ly do d i n dd'n tinh phd cap cua cdng nghd niy. Vidn thim la khoa hpc thu nhin, xQ ly va suy giai cic hinh anh thu nhan tQ trdn khdng eua trai dat de nhan biet dupc cac thdng tin ve ddi tQpng tren be mat trai da't ma khdng can tid'p xuc no. NhQ viy, vien thim l i phQdng phip thu nhan thdng tin khieh quan ve be mat trai da't va eac hien tudng trong khf quyen nhd eac may thu (sensor) dQpe dat trdn may bay, ve tinh nhan tap, t i u vu try hpac dat tren cae tram quy dao. Cdng nghd vidn tham cd nhQng uu vietcdbansau:
- Dp phu trijm khdng gian
cDa tQ lieu bao gdm c i c thdng fin ve tai nguydn, mdi trudng tren didn tfch ldn cua trii di't gdm ca nhQng khu vue rat khd dd'n dUde nhu rQng nguydn sinh, dam lay va hai dao;
- Cd kha nang giam s i t su bien doi eua t i l nguydn, mdi trQdng trii dat do ehu ky quan trac lap v i lidn tuc tren eung mpt ddi tupng tren mat di't cija eae m i y thu vidn tham.
Kha nang nay eho phep cdng nghd viln tham ghi lai dupe eac bien ddi eua tai nguydn, mdi trudng giup cdng tac giim sit, kiem kd t i l nguyen thidn nhidn va mdi trUdng;
- SQ dung c i c dai pho dac bidt khic nhau de quan trac cic ddi tQdng (ghi nhan ddi tQdng), nhd kha nang nay ma tQ lieu vidn tham dQdc Qng dung cho nhieu muc dich, trong do co nghien cQu ve khf hiu, nhidt dp eua trai da't;
- Cung cap nhanh c i c tQ lidu anh sd cd dp phin giai cao v i sieu cao, l i dQ lieu co ban cho vide thinh lap v i hien chfnh he thdng ban do qudc gia v i he thd'ng cd sd dQ lieu dja ly qudc gia.
Vdi nhQng uu diem tren, eong nghd vidn tham dang trd thinh cdng nghd chu dgo cho quan ly, glim sat t i l nguydn thidn nhidn va mdi trudng d nude ta hidn nay.
SQ dgng anh vd tinh de dieu tra, giam sat tai nguydn da't
Ndi den tai nguyen dat can d^ cap den hai khia canh:»-
I tinn e
