trong long Ha Npi
sir LUA CHON CUA NHIEU THANH PHAN DAN CU'
NGUYEN MINH DU^C I
Ngo, ngach trong cac dd thj ndi chung va 8 Ha Ndi ndi rieng dang can nhCfng chinh sach quan ly thich hdp, nham cai thien dien mao kien true va chat lUdng mdi trUdng song eua eU dan ndi day. Ngd, ngach la mot thanh phan ludn gan bd hUu ed vdi dd thj, ddng thdi cung la mot phan tao nen cdt each rieng eho Ha Ndi hdm qua va hdm nay.
V
iet Nam bUdc vao thdi ky md cQa vdi tdc dp dd thj hda qua nhanh da tao nen dien mao mdi cho eac dd thj tren toan qud'c ndi chung va Ha Ndi ndi rieng, Quy dat khdng ddi, dan sd tang da tac ddng Idn din tinh hinh kinh te, xa hdi cija mdi dja phuong. Van d i dan sd va nha d la hai van d i lien quan mat thie't vdi nhau trong qua trinh dd thj hoa. Dan sd phat trien khdng ddn giln ehi la v i sd lupng, ma cdn la chat lupng cudc sdng va ldi ich vat chat eua hp. Do dd, nhiiu van de xa hdi da nly sinh trong dd thj hien nay, xuat phat khdng chi tu viec tang quy md dan sd, ma cdn do viee phan bddan eUgay nen.Ngd va ngach trong cac lang ndi thanh Ha Ndi dang la sU lya ehpn, la nPi sinh sd'ng eua nhieu thanh phan dan cU dd thj. Mdi trUdng sdng nPi day dang dQng trUde nhQng ddi hdi cap bach d n phai dUpc giai quyet, bdi ngo ngach la mpt thanh phan ludn tdn tai cung dd thi, dac biet la trong qua trinh ddthj hoa hien nay.
Cau true dd thj Ha Npi trong lich sQ da cd sy Idng ghep giQa lang va phd.
Hien nay nhiiu ten phudng. ten dudng phd Idn van giQ ten cua nhOng ngdi lang cd: phudng Gilng Vd - lang Gilng V6 - dudng Giang V6, phudng Cdng Vj - lang Cdng Vi. phudng Thd Quan - lang Thd Quan. phudng PhQPng Mai - lang Phuong Mai. phudng Tuong Mai - lang TUPng Mai, phQdng Ngpc Ha - lang Ngpc Ha... NhQng ten lang cd van dang va tiip tuc hien dien tren ban dd Ha Npi, Day cung la nhung khdng gian chua dUng
Q
.XO So 37 ,2009 71Nha cUa luy thich tho thut, co le v'l the ma nhieu ngUdi chon nOi day de song?!
Anh trong bai: Cao Anh
nhQng dau an van hda vat the va phi vat the, mang ve dep cua mdt dd thi nghin nam tudi blng sQ hien hQu cua cac di tich kiin trtJc, cac khdng gian tam linh, cae nghi cd truyin va cac gia tri van hda khac, Tuy nhien, trong thdi gian qua, kien true va quy hoach cua cac ngo. ngach trong Idng Ha Noi hau nhu chua dUpc quan tam. Cd le bdi cac con phd. tuyen dUdng, khu phd mdi - bd mat cija dd thi - dang cd nhiiu van d i can phai giai quyet hon, Ngd, ngach la bd mat phia sau eua cae dudng phd, bi che khuat bdi cae ngdi nha mat dudng. cho nen chung chUa dupe quan tam thoa dang. Chinh vi vay, day la khu vyc ma nhQng khdng gian kien true dupe xay dung "tuy cO ung bien". khiin nhieu noi "ngij'a mat chang thay trdi dau".
do ngUdi dan tuy tien coi ndi them dien tich sQ dung, Ngo, ngach Ha Npi ngay cang phat trien, cang di cang thay sau.
cang thay ngolt ngoeo. la mot trong nhQng nguyen nhan tao dieu kien cho cac te nan xa hpi tim den.
Hien nay. cd le khd cd the thdng ke dupe Ha Ndi hien cd bao nhieu ngo. bao nhieu ngach. Tu cac ngdi nha mat dudng dan den cac ngdi nha mat ngd. tu ngd dan din nha mat ngach. Khdng gian nay chiem mdt sd lupng rit Idn trong quy nha cua Ha Ndi. Nhin ben ngoai, nhung khdng gian ay
cd ve nhu yen tinh, it biin ddi, song day la khu vyc cd sU biin ddi rd net nhat ve cac thanh phan dan cU, ve Idi sdng va kien true nha cQa,
Tim hieu ve thanh phan cU dan va viec quan iy hanh chinh Cap phudng: PhUdng la cap quan ly trye tiep nhat den cac thanh phin dan cU chinh trong phudng. Moi phudng lai dUpc chia ra nhieu cum, td khac nhau (vi du:
Phudng 6 Chp DQa cd 120 td). Viec phan chia cac td dan cQ dQPc can cQ theo ranh gidi va dja ban cua noi ngudi dan sinh sdng. Hau hit nhQng td dan cQ nay diu lay ngo va ngach lam ranh gidi phan chia.
Tuy nhien, viec phan chia cung chi la tuong ddi, mdt td cd the la mdt ngd. mpt ngo cung cd the la nhiiu td. Hien nay.
tren dia ban cac phudng deu dang quan ly 4 thanh phan dan eU: loai KT1 gdm d dan chinh cU (la nhQng ngydi sinh sdng nhieu ddi, cd hp khau thudng tru d day) va dan ngu cU - gdm cae hp mdi chuyen den mua dat xay nha, cd hp khau thudng tru tai dja phuong trong khoang vai chuc nam trd lai day; KT2 la ngudi cd hd khau thudc mdt quan va cd tru d mdt quan khac: loai KTS la nhQng ngUdi ed nha d ma chua ed hd khau thUdng tru; KT4 la dan cU cua eac tinh lan can, den lam an sinh sdng va thue nha d tai day, vdi viec dang ky tam tru, tam ving, mang tinh thdi vu.
Cap phudng cung la d p trye tiep quan ly viec xay dyng tren dja ban phudng. Moi ngUdi dan diu phii ed giay cap phep mdi dupe xay dyng nhad. NhUvay. cap phudng cung la d p quan ly trye tiip nhat viec xay dyng tai eac ngd ngach cua Ha Ndi.
Ddi vdi to dan cu: Td dan cd cd td trudng dype nhan dan bau ra, thay mat td dan cy gap gd. lien lac vdi cac cap lanh dao phudng. Ngydi td trydng la ngudi nlm dupe day du danh sach ten tudi va thanh phan cua eac hd gia dinh trong dja ban cU tru cija td minh.
Sy mua ban ty phat dat dai da din den su thay ddi cae thanh phan dan cU. NhQng ngudi mdi din chu yeu thudc cac thanh phan: cdng chQc nha nQde, cdng nhan;
Nhung gia dinh dang d nhQng khu phd sam uat tien Ipi eho cdng viee budn ban da nhudng cua hang eho con, mua dat trong lang de d cho yen tTnh tudi gia; NhQng gia dinh dang sinh sdng d cac khu vyc khac trong thanh phd, do gili toi lay dat lam dudng dupe din bu tien, nen mua nha trong lang de d; NhOng sinh vien cae tinh xa. bd me cd diiu kien mua nha; ngoai ra cdn cd nhQng ngudi lao ddng chan tay theo thdi vu d n chd an chd d re tien.
Sy da dang cua cac thanh phin dan cQ cho thay: ngd va ngach la mdt khdng gian van hda ed tinh dung hpp cao, nhQng ngQdi dan gdc cua lang va nhQng ngUdi dan mdi den diu cd mdi quan he lang giing vdi nhau. NhQng ngQdi dan gdc vin duy tri nhQng net sinh hoat cu eua lang.
Hang nam den ngay gid chap, l i tit, l i hpi lang hp lai thyc hien dung le nghla eua ngUdi di xa de trd ve que hUOng bin quan. Nhiiu gia dinh khdng cd diiu kien di lai, hp cd the gui chut tiin cdng due v i de thyc hien nghla vy cua ngudi con ddi vdi que huong. NhQng ngudi dan mdi vin tiep tue duy tri nhung tap quan phong tyc cua dja phuong hp, ddng thdi tuan thu cac phong tuc, tap quan va nhQng yeu d u eua noi d mdi. Hp cung thd cung Thanh hoang lang, cung vao chua thip hUPng khan Phat va thyc hien day du mpi ddng gdp tu sija dinh chua tai noi d mdi.
Tim hieu thUc trang kien true, quy hoach.
Ve cau true: Cac lang cd hien nay hoan
7 2 I . X D So 37 2009
Quy hoach & t^c viA
toan bien dang. Khudn vien cac hp gia dinh rdng rai vdi hang rao cay xanh khdng cdn, dat dai bj xe le xay dyng kin, khdng cdn khdng gian trdng. Canh quan kien true thap ting vdi nhQng ngdi nha truyen thdng cd san, vUdn, mai ngdi xUa khdng cdn, thay vao dd la nhQng ngdi nha nhiiu tang, nlm san sat nhau. Vi dy nhU lang Hao Nam, trUdc kia la mpt lang ven ddng sdng Td Ljch, cd cac ngd md ra sdng. Hien nay, sdng da bj lap lam dUdng nen lang cd ngo md ra dUdng phd.
Cac thanh phan lam nen d u true lang ed Ha Ndi: la eac cdng trinh tdn giao tin ngUdng cua lang (dinh, den, miiu...) hau het van dUOc giQ gin va bao ve tren vj tri cu. Tuy nhien do sy sap xip lai dja gidi hanh chinh nen mdt sd cdng trinh kien true cd cua lang lai bj elt chuyen sang khu vyc khac.
Cac ngd hien nay cung van la eon dUdng lang ngay xya khdng dUde md rdng them ma chi dupe keo dai ra va phat trien them thanh ngach. Mdi mpt phan dat ban deu phai dam bao ed Idi di vao nha, vi vay ngudi chu dat mudn ban dupe phai elt mdt phan dat de lam ngd, lan lupt nhieu phan dat dupe ban dan tao thanh ngd mdi. Cdn ngach (nhanh) dUde phat trien do ngUdi chu dat trUde kia cd mdt khoing dat vUdn keo dai tQ mat ngd ve phia sau, mudn ban dupe nhQng phan dat sau thi phai md ngo.
Dan dan, eac hd mua dat xay dUng nha hai ben ngach tao ra ngach mdi dan ra ngo.
Ngd, ngach Ha Ndi hien nay dang mang trong minh rat nhiiu chQc nang: Phan be mat la con dQdng di lai, noi vui chOi cija tre nhd, noi giao tiep eua eac cu gia, noi de bip than dun nau, ndi xep cui chQa dd, noi dyng xe, ndi d i thung rac, thung nude gao eho ldn. Phan tren cao: la ndi treo bien hieu quang cao, noi de eac dudng day dien, dien thoai chay qua, nOi cae ban cdng dua ra de md rdng dien tich, noi phoi quan ao, trdng cay dnh... Phan dudi Idng dat la nPi ed cdng d p thoat nude, mdt sd nha dao gieng khoan, dao be nudc ngam.
Nhieu con ngd nhd hang ngay la nPi hpp chp cdc cang lam cho khdng gian them chat chdi va mat ve sinh. Mdt khong gian ngo nhd, hep the. nhung phii mang trong minh bao trpng trach bdn b i eua cudc sdng hang ngay, it ai ngd tdi.
Cae lang Ha Ndi trudc kia ddng vai trd la la phdi xanh cua thanh phd nay da bj cd dac bdi hang tram ngdi nha trong mdt khdng gian nhd hep. Ngd, ngach khdng cd bdng dang cay xanh, khdng ed khoang trdng gianh cho sinh hoat cdng ddng.
Ve CO so ha tang: Hien nay ngd, ngach dupe dd be tdng hoan toan, khdng cdn b i mat dat trdng, nen khi cd mUa rat d i bj ngap lut vi khdng cdn b i mat de tham thau nUde.
Ngo. ngach thudng b i ngang rdng tQ 1,8 den 2.5m: dai khoang tren 300m. Ve sinh chung dupe giu gin sach se do cac chi hdi ty quin chiu trach nhiem cung vdi Cdng ty ve sinh mdi trudng, nen dUdng lang ngd xdm sach se.
Kien tnJc nha d: NhQng ngdi nha trong ngo ngach thQdng khdng cd san trQde, san sau, neu cd thi sd IQdng rat it do dien tich dat han hep. Khoang IQu khdng giQa cac ngoi nha liin k i hau nhQ khdng cd.
Khoang luu khdng giQa hai Idp nha cung chi la ngach nhd. Ngo va ngach la nPi ehua dyng nhung ngoi nha ed dien tich nhd tQ 1 Sm^ din 70m^. NhQng ngdi nha ed cdng md trye tiip ra ngd chiem sd lUpng Idn. gan nhu toan bd eac ngdi nha. Mdi nha diu cd tUdng bao kin xay bang gach vQa hoac hang rao sat dan cao qua dau ngudi.
De dam bao an ninh, ngoi nha nao cung ed hai Idp cua: cQa sit keo va cQa gd, kinh. Mat dung ngdi nha thudng dPn dieu gidng nhau, bdi khdng cd khdng gian the hien, Thdng thudng, nha ed ban cdng dua
ra phia trudc. vdi nhung con tien lan can don gian. cua thudng md chinh giua nha.
nhieu nha cd cua phu ben canh, de dUa xe vao nha ma khdng lam ban phdng khach.
Dp cao cua nha chu yeu la cao 3-4 tang.
Mat dQng khdng ed dp lui nhat djnh, nhiiu nha cdn ty do cOi ndi, lan chiim khong gian ben tren. lam ngd xdm thiiu anh sang va am udt.
Nhu vay. vdi cdng cupc dd thj hda, dan cu va kiin triJc quy hoach ed mdi quan he mat thiit vdi nhau. mdi quan he nay vd cung phuc tap, lien quan den cae che dp, chinh sach eua thanh phd d tam vT md, cung nhu nhung bien phap trong viee td chQc quan ly thyc hien d d p td dan cd.
Cdng tac quy hoach va kien true khdng the tach rdi cae cdng tac khac, nhat la cdng tac quan ly d cac cap dja phUdng mang tinh trUc tiep (dp td, d p cum, d p phudng). Chat lUpng cua dan cU dd thj d n gin vdi chat lupng khdng gian sdng cua dd thj, cd nhU vay dd thj mdi phat trien mang tinh ben vQng.
Mudn the, cdng tac quy hoach, kien true tai cae ngo ngach dQng bj "lang quen"r\hu hien nay. Bdi thyc te la, dang sau eac true dudng, cac khu dd thj mdi,., la hang nghin, hang van ngo ngach, noi sinh sdng cua mdt phin khong nhd dan cU dd thi. Ndi day dang d n chinh quyin dd thj eac d p , cac nha quan ly nganh, eac nha chuyen mdn va cdng ddng dan cU, cung nhau tim Idi gili, de hinh anh va chat iQOng sdng noi nay thyc sy la cua thu dd hien dai ma van hiin.
ALLEYS AND NOOKS IN HANOI VILLAGES THE CHOICE OF MANY RESIDENT COMPONENTS
Nguyen Minh Due
In urbanization process in Vietnam planning architecture and resident has close relationship. This relationship is not simple one way but very complicated related to structure, policies, methods of the city at large scale and implementation management at resident groups. The architecture and planning cannot be separated with other tasks, especially management at local levels. The quality of urban resident should be connected with the quality of urban population for sustainability.
Architecture space of alleys and nooks seems as neglected space at present. It seems that managers and planners looking for the beauty of urban areas in road axis, new urban areas.. However, behind of these they are hundreds of alleys and nooks with large number of urban population which asked for planners and managers to bring real civilization urban image to meet this beauty.
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