Vietnam J Agn. Sci. 2016, Vol. 14, No 6' 998-1008 Tap d\i KH Nong nghi$p Vi§t Nam 2016, t^p 14. sd 6: 998-1008 www.vnua.edu.wi
HOAT OONG CUA QUY Hd TR0 PHAT TRIEN HOP TAG XA THANH PHO HA NOI
Pham Bao Dmmg'', Le Thi Phmmg^
'Khoa Kinh tS va PTNT, Hgc vi$n Nong nghifp Vi0t Nam
^Phong Lao dpng - Thircmg binh vd Xa hgi, huyen My Hao, tinh Himg Yen
Email': pbduong@vnua. edu. vn
Ngay giii bai: 23.12.2015 Ngay ch4p nhan: 20.07.2016
TOM T A T
Quy hd tro phat triln hgp tac xa thanh phd Ha Ndi (Quy HTPT HTX Ha Npi) du^c thanh lap va ky vpng giCip giai toa kip thdi con khat vdn cua 1.700 HTX trong dieu kien yeu ve nbi II,PC va khdng cd tai san the chap. Sau 7 nam chinh thdc hoat d6ng, ngudn vdn cua quy da tang td 5 ty ddng nam 2008 16n 256 ty ddng nam 2014. ho trp- vdn tin dyng cho tong sd 219 HTX va 1.220 td hop tac (THT) duoc vay vdn tin dung uu dai. Cac HTX. THT hudng lot da day manh phat then san xuat kmh doanh. tang them loi nhuan va tao nhieu cdng an vi^c lam cho ngudi dan. Ba nhdm yeu to chu yeu: Nang luc tat chinh, co chd - chinb sach va nang luc cua ban than cac HTX, THT duoc xac djnh anh hudng tdi ket qua boat dong cua quy. Trong thdi gian Sep theo, de nang cao hi$u qua boat ddng cua quy, can chu trpng thuc hi#n mdt sd giai phap nhu: (i) Hoan thi^n cac van ban chinh sach; (ii) Tbyc hien cai each hanh chinh, nang cao chat luong hoat dpng tin dung tai quy; (in) NSng cao chat lugng va phat triln nhan luc quy.
TtF khoa. Hp'p tac xa, boat tJdng cua quy, quy hO trp- phat trien thanh phd Ha Npi
The P e r f o r m a n c e of Hanoi Cooperative Assistance Fund
ABSTRACT
Hanoi Cooperative Assistance Fund was established with the expectation to solve the desperate needs of funds from 1.700 cooperatives who are in weak capacities and lacking of collaterals. After seven years of officaal operation, the source of funds has increased from VnD 5 billion 2008 to VND 256 billion in 2014 and provided preferential credit loans to 219 cooperatives and 1.220 cooperation groups. The benefieianes have expanded their business, increased profits and generated more jobs for rural dwellers. The financial capacities of the funds, policies and working mechanisms, and the capacities of coops and cooperation groups themselves were identified as the key factors affecting the performance of the fund, in order to increase the efficiency of the fund performance, the following measures should be taken, (i) complementing legal documents and policies, (ii) continuing to carry out administrative reforms, increasing credit quality in the fund's performance and (iii) continuing to develop the human resource quality
Keywords' Cooperatives, Hanoi cooperative assistance fund, fund performance.
I. DAT VAN DE ldn do. CMnh phu ciing da ban banb nbieu
cM'nh sach tin dung khac nhau nham thiic day Tii nam 1955 den nay, phong trao HTX d sU phat trien cua HTX. Thanh pho' Ha Noi la Vi§t Nam kbdng ngtfng phat trien qua cac thdi dia phUdng co sd* lUdng HTX cao nhat nM ca ky da cho thay sU c^n thie't va vai trd ciia HTX, nUdc hien nay vdi khoang 1.700 ddn vi Trone dac biet trong giai doan hien nay khi chung ta boi canh chung HTX thu do ciing nhu HTX ca da va dang hpi nhap kinb te qud'c te ngay cang nude cdn yeu ve ndi Mc, kho vay vd'n ngan hang sau va rpng; ban than nhiing nong dan nhd be khdng cd tai san the chap va quy mo nhd le ciia chiing ta phai canb tranb tren san chdi to nen giai phap kha thi phai la thanh lap cac quy
Pham Bao Duong, Le Thj Phtrong
hd tro vdi thu tuc ddn gian, nhanh gpn va de tiep can. Trong bdi eanh nbU vay, quy bd trd phat trien HTX thanh pho' Ha Noi da dUdc thanh lap va bat dau hoat dpng tii nam 2008 va dat dUdc mdt so' k^t qua dang ke. Tuy nhien, Quy ciing dang gap phai nhQng ban che' "cd' hflu" Ik gia tri khoan vay thap, ngdn ban, phu thuoc chii yeu vao ngSn sach tbanh pbd', thieu nang dong trong c6ng tac tli&'u hanh quy... dSn de'n chda dap ling dUdc ky vgng ban dau. Muc tieu ciia ngbien ciiu nay nhkm danh gia thuc trang hoat ddng cua quy hd trd phat trien hdp tac xa thanh phd Ha Npi ttf khi tbanh lap den nay va de xua't mot sd" giai pbap trong thdi gian tdi.
2. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
De dat dUdc muc tieu va hoan tbanh cac ndi dung ciia ngMen ctfu, phUdng pbap thdng ke phan ticb kinh te la phUdng phap cbu y§'u dUdc stf dung, bao gdm:
- Tbu thap tbdng tm thijt ci'p: la nhiJng thong tin da tong ket va cdng bd' cbinh thdc ciia cae cd quan quan ly, cd quan chuyen mdn cua Lien minb HTX thanh phd Ha Ndi, Quy Ho trd phat trien HTX thanh phd Ha Ndi, UBND thanh pho Ha Noi...
- Thu thap tbdng tin sd c^'p: Phdng van sau 75 ddi tUdng, cu the:
-I- Ddi tUdng la can bd quy va cac cap lien nMem (30 pMe'u): Do la cac can bd Men dang cdng tac tai quy va trong cac to chdc chinh tri, xa hdi lam edng tac ben nMem.
+ Ddi tUdng vay vdn phan loai theo dia ban (45 pMeu): la cac HTX, THT. Dieu tra dUdc tien hanh tai 4 qu^n, buy|n gdm Ba Vi, Gia Lam, Ung Hda va Qudc Oai. Mdi quan, huy^n dUdc dieu tra ngau nhien vdi sd lUdng 10 HTX, rieng ddi vdi huyen Ba Vi do c6 sd Mdng HTX ciing nhu cac THT dUdc giai ngSn ldn nen dieu tra 15 HTX.
Thdng tin thu tbSp dude xtf ly va tdng hdp tbeo phudng phap ph^n td thdng kg ddng thdi van dung cac pbUdng phap phan ticb thdng ke
m6 ta, tho'ng k6 so sanh va phan ticb danb gia hoat ddng ciia quy ho trd phat trien HTX thanh pho' Ha Npi.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Thiic t r a n g b o a t dong cua quy ho trO p h a t trien HTX t b a n h pbo' Ha Noi
Thanh pbd' Ha Ndi la mpt trong nhiing dia phUdng CO so' Mdng HTX ldn nha't ca nUdc vdi nhieu linh vtfc khac nhau. Dflng trUdc nhu cau thiet yeii ve vd'n de ddi mdi, nang cao nang luc, nang cao kha nang canb tranb cua khu vUc kinh te HTX tren dia ban, ngay 21/01/2008, UBND thanh phd' Ha Noi da cd Quyet dinh so' 349/2008/QD-UBND ve viec thanh lap Quy hd trd phat triln HTX thanh phd' Ha Noi. Ngay 07/12/2009 UBND thanh phd ra Quyet dinh sd 6376/QD-UBND ve viec Ban hanh Dieu le td chflc va boat ddng cua Quy hd trd phat trign HTX. Tie'p theo la Quyet dinh sd 20/2010/QD- UBND ciia UBND tbanh phd Ha Npi ngay 18/5/2010 ve viec ban hanh "Quy che quan Iy tai chinh Quy bo trd phat trien HTX tbanh pho' Ha Ndi".
Hoat dpng ciia quy khSng vdi muc ti§u Idi nhuan ma de phat trien khu vUc kinh tg' tap the, tao dong lUc cho cac HTX, lign hiep HTX md rpng san xua't kmh doanh, gdp phan on dinh kinh te.
Bang 1 the hign sU khac nhau ve quy dinh cho vay tin dung cua quy vdi mdt so' td chflc tin dung khac ddi vdi boat dong cbo vay tin dung cho cac ddi tUdng la eac HTX. Cd the tha'y cac quy dinh cho vay, mflc vd'n cbo vay, lai suat cho vay va thdi han cho vay cua quy ho trd phat trien HTX hoan toan mang tinb Uu dai va dl thuc hien hdn so vdi cac td chflc tin dung khac.
3.1.1. Hoat dgng huy dgng von tai Quy HTPT HTX thanh pho Ha Ngi
Kbi mdi tbanh lap, tong ngudn vd'n boat ddng ciia quy la 5 ty ddng. Sau gan 6 nam, nam 2014 tdng sd'vd'n hoat ddng cua quy dat hdn 256 ty ddng, tang hdn 51 lan so vdi thdi diem ban dau (Bang 2).
999
Hogt dpng ciia quy ho trtp- phat tridn hgp tac xa thanh pho Ha N6i
5if S
X X" ^ b 2 1
^ S ^ tn"c i
1^1
2 5 s •;? s '^O S o c o =
^ ^ =_« (0-
^ ^ S^ S- — " -to
ipl^il
o o ^ P S SI ^ s "
• 3 * 5 E i
I& 5
1000
Pham Bao Duo'ng, L§ Thi Phuong
Bang 2. Bang tong hOp ngudn vo'n boat dong Quy HTPT tbanh pho Ha Noi giai doan 2008 - 2014 (DVT: trieu dong) So vdn th^nh ph6 cap Von bo sung tu lai vay Tdng s6 vdn 2008
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ong cong
5.000 20.000 20.000 25.000 25.000 30.000 125 000 250.000
40,17 367,97 850.84 653,64 1 503,18 1.145.61 1 448.423
6,009,64
5 040,17 20.367,97 20-850,84 25.653,63 26 503,18 31.145,61 126-448,423
256.009,84 Ngudn. Quy HTPT HTX Ha Ndi, 2014
Bang 3. Tinh binb nguon vd'n va giai ngan nguon von cua Quy ho trd phat trien tbanh pho' Ha Noi (DVT; Triiu dSng)
N^i dung So von TP clip So tien 6a gidi ngSn Duncr
Tdng sd ttu An d\iac giai ng§n HTX
THT
So THT dugrc Quy TDND dirng ra bao lanh vay von
DVT Tr.d Tr.a Tr.d O a n v i Dcrnvi Bo'n vi Dcyn vi
2008 5.000 4.870 4.870 22 18 4 4
2009 20.000 23.290 22-820 103 25 78 23
2010 20,000 38,890 42.467 164 28 136 33
2011 25-000 59-050 62.050 237
35 202 47
2012 25 000 81 950 83.080 319 47 272 50
2013 30.000 100 750 102,415 388
44 344 55
2014 125 000 54 350 91.655 206
22 184 71
Tong 250 000 363 150
1 4 3 9 219 1 220
283
Nguon; QuybS trd phat trien HTX TP Ha Ngi. 2014
Hang nam, can cfl vao nhu cau thUe te cua khu vUc kinb te' tap tbe, sd vdn hoat ddng cua Quy do UBND thanh pho ca'p ngay cang tang len (bnh quan 25 ty ddng/nam). Ngoai ra, ngudn vdn en dUdc bd sung ttf lai vay, tinh den bet nam 2014 khoan nay dat hdn 6 ty ddng (chiem 2,35% td'ng sd vd'n) (Bang 2). Tuy nMen, ngudn tien nay chu yeii dUdc dung de bii dap vao cac cM phi quan ly va tlieu hanh boat ddng cua quy.
Mac du quy dUdc huy dpng ngudn vd'n cho boat ddng tii ngudn NSNN va mpt sd nguon khac nbUng ebua dUdc thifc hien dUdc do mflc lai suat huy dpng thap hdn so vdi lai sua't huy dpng tr§n thi trUdng, viec huy dpng vd'n h6 trd ngUde lai tfl cac HTX, lien hiep HTX ddng gdp tU nguyen deu kbdng thuc hien duoc do da ph£n cac td bdp tac, HTX hien nay tren dia ban thanh
pbd deu dang trong tinh trang thig'u vo'n de dau tu md rdng san xua't kinh doanh. Ban than cac HTX, THT, lign hiep HTX cung chi cd the tU lo cbo rrinb chfl chua co nguon vd'n "dU thfla" de ddng gdp tu nguyen cho ngudn vd'n boat ddng cua quy.
3.1.2. Hoat dgng cbo vay von tai Quy HTPT HTX tbanh pho Ha Ngi
Vdi so vo'n ban che' nhUng ngay trong nam khdi diem 2008, quy da hd trd 18 dtf an HTX va 4 du an THT. De'n nam 2012, cd 47 dU an HTX (tang 2,6 lan) va 272 dU an THT (tang 68 lan) dUdc vay vdn. Trong nam 2014, co 22 DU an HTX va 184 dU an THT Giai doan 2008-2014 quy da hd trd 1.439 du an trong dd 219 dU an HTX va 1.220 dU an THT (Doi vdi cac dU an 1001
H o a t d p n g c u a q u y h d t r o p h a t trien h o p t a c xa t h a n h p h d H a N Q I
THT, 238 du an dUde cac HTX bao lanb cho vay) (Bang 3).
Thuc te' cac kbacb hang cua quy chii yeu b ngoai thanh Ha Ndi vdi mflc vd'n vay viia phai.
Cac HTX, THT ciia 7 buyen co dU nd vay tren 5 ty ddng (bao gom Ba V, Sdc Sdn, Pbu Xuyen, Thach That, U'ng Ha, Hoai Dflc va My Dflc) va chiem tren 70% tong dU nd cua quy. Cu the, cac loai Mnb kinb te' tap the d huyen Ba Vi vay 19 ty ddng, huyen Sdc Sdn vay 10,9 ty ddng, tiep sau la cac HTX, THT d hai huyen Pbu Xuyen, Thach Tha't cd du nd khoang 9 ty ddng; hai huygn My Dflc, Ung Ha vay trgn 5 ty dong...
Trong giai doan 2008-2014 cbi cd 13,48% sd Mdng HTX trgn dia ban Ha Npi dUdc tiep can vdi so' v6'n ho trd cua quy nhUng co the tha'y so' Mdng THT dUdc vay vd'n trpng giai doan nay cao hdn ban so vdi sd lUdng THT du dieu kien dUdc vay vdn (da dang ky chflng thuc qua UBND xa) vdi ty lg 192,13%. Tuy nhien, cac THT vay vdn chu yeu la vay ngan ban va mflc vay cM giao dong tii 200-400 trigu ddng/1 lan vay.
Viec dUdc vay vd'n vdi sd Mdng it va thdi ban vay ngan la ly do cac HTX va THT khong du dieu kien de dau tu cMeu sau hoac md rdng
san xuat kinb doanh. Hau het cac chu nbieni HTX duOc bdi deu cbo rSng, vay vdii chu yg'u de trang trai. NbUng chUa the tiep can ngudn von trung va tiai ban de dau tu pbat trien san xuat kinh doanh, nha't la cac HTX ndng ngMep.
Mac dii nbu cau vay vdn ciia cac HTX va THT rat Idn va lUdng von tin dung cua quy rat it nhifng lUdng vdn nay cung cbUa dUdc giai ngan b^t, so' Mdng HTX dUdc tiep can vdi von tin dung Uu dai cua quy cM chig'm ty le rat tha'p (Bang 4).
Qua tlieu tra cho thay, nguyen nhan ldn nha't khien cac HTX khdng the' tie'p can ngudn vdn hd trd cua quy la do tMeu tai san dam bao (78,38%). Kbdng cd trudng bdp nao ma HTX cd day du tbu tuc cung nhu cac yeu cau de vay vdn kbi cd nbu ciu ma kbdng dUdc xet duyet. Dieu nay cho thay tinh minh bach trong cac boat ddng tin dung ciia quy trong nhiing nam qua.
Tuy nhien, de tao dieu kien thuan Idi htm niia trong viec tiep can vdi tin dung cua quy tmng thdi gian tdi, can ndi long hdn nfla viec xet duyet vay vd'n qua hinh tbflc tin chap ddi vdi cae HTX cd phUdng an kinb doanh Meu qua vdi mflc vdn cho vay dudi 500 trieu ddngAUdt vay.
Bang 4. Ty le so HTX, THT dUdc vay von bo t r d tii Quy hd t r d p h a t t r i e n HTX t i n h d e n b e t n a m 2014
Noi dung HTX So lucrng HTX, THT Ihi/c t§ tren dia ban Ha Noi
So luong HTX, THT d u p c vay vfln ho tro Ty le HTX, THT ducrc vay von (%)
1.625 219 13,48
635 1.220 192.13 Nguon: H.Hai, Quy bo troPTHTXHa Ngi, 2015
Bang 5. Nguyen n h a n cbinh cac HTX k h o n g tiep can dUOc vd'n tin dung ifu dai cua quy HTPT HTX
Nfli dung So tra Icri
Khong c6 tai san dam bao 29 Bay du hd s a , yeu cau nhung khong diroc vay 0
Ngai lam hd s c fhCi tuc phuc tap 1 Thi^u phucrng an kmh doanh hieu qua 3 S<? lam hd s o ma khong ducrc vay 1 Khflng nam ro thong tin ve c h u c n g trinh vay v6n cua Quy 3
Ty le (%) 78.38
O.OO 2.70 8.11 2.70 8,11 NguSn: Tdnghdp soheu didu tra
1002
Pham Bao Duong, Lg Thj Phuong
B a n g 6. D a n h gia boat dong cua HTX, THT sau khi dvtac vay von t h u o c diem nghign cufu Qu§n/ Huyen S6 HTX, THT
duoc vay von
S6 HTX, THT hogt dpng hipu qu5 han khi dug'c vay von Gia Lam
Quoc Oai U'ng Hia BaVi
Ngudn: Tdnghdp tUsdbiu didu tra
10000 - 9000 8000 ' 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 -
1000 - 0 -
7,975
5,925
4,015 3,030 1
1 1
•
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
•Viec lam
Bieu do 1. Tinh h i n h t a o viec lam cbo xa vien va ngifcfi lao dong q u a viec hd trO von tU n a m 2008 - 2013
Nguon. QujfbStrgPTHTXHaNgi 2014
3.1.3. Hieu qua bd trd doi vcfi cac HTX tr&n dia ban tbanh pho Ha Ngi
Ngoai edng tac hd trd von, trong qua trinh Idem soat stf dung vdn ciia ddn vi, quy ciing cd nhflng boat dpng bo trd kbac giiip giai quyet nhiing khd khan, vUdng mdc trong qua trinb boat dpng de cac chUdng trinh, dU an da dUde vay vdn boat ddng mdt each Meu qua nha't. Qua danh gia (Bang 6) tai cac huygn thudc diem ngbien cflu cd the tha'y cac HTX, THT sau khi nhan dUdc sU hd trd vdn tai quy dg"u boat dpng Meu qua hdn so vdi liic ban dau.
Kbdng cbi ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec thuc day phat trien kinh te ma boat ddng cua quy edn c6 y ngMa to ldn vi mat xa hdi. Viec cho vay md rpng san xua't ddi vdi cac HTX, THT da gdp pban giai quyet viec lam cho ngfldi lao
ddng, dd la mot trong nhflng va'n de het sflc cap bach Men nay. Khi ngUdi lao ddng co viec lam dn tiinh se xda dUdc doi, giam dUdc ngheo, bai trfl cac hu tuc, giiip ngUdi dan tranh xa eae te nan xa hpi... qua dd nang cao trinh dp dan tri, trinh dp chuyen mon eua lUc Mdng lao ddng trong xa boi.
Dac biet, kbi ngUdi lao dpng cd viec lam dn dinh se nang cao thu nhap cho ban than va gia dnh, tii do gdp phdn phat trien kinh te' xa hdi, khoang each gifla nong thdn va thanh thi ngay cang rut ngan, ban che' bdt sU phan hda trong xa boi, gifl vflng an ninh chinh tri.
Nhu vay, cd t h i tha'y hoat dpng ciia Quy HTPT HTX thanh phd Ha Ndi la het sflc co y ngMa. Quy la cdng cu de Dang va Nha nUdc thuc Men cac chinh sach phat trien xa hdi mdt each ben vflng.
1003
Hoat dpng cua quy ho tro phat triln hop tac xa thanh phd Ha Npi
9000 -, 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 -
0 -
7 "inn 6.920
3.090
1
660 • 200B 2009
1
6.920
2010 2011 2012 2013
• T h u nh§p
Bieu dd 2. Thu n h a p c u a xa vien va ngtfdfi lao dpng qua viec bo trtj? von tfif n a m 2008 - 2013 Nguon: Quy hStrdPT HTX Ha Noi 2014
Bang 7. Danh gia v l t i n h h i n h c h u n g cua cac HTX t r e n dia b a n
Noi dung
Nhu t ^ u vay von h i f n nay cua cac HTX Kha nang xay dung phuong an SXKD kha ttii Kha nang n i m ro ydu cau v& ho sO', thu tyc Kha nang thuc hipn phuong an SXKD Kha nang tra tai
Kha nang tra goc Dieu kien dam bao
T o So y kien
23 12 11 9 8 8 9
T y l e ( % ) 76,67 40,00 36,67 30,00 26.67 26,67 30.00
Binh t h i f d n g So y kien
5 11 14 13 12 14 13
Ty l# (%) 16.67 36,67 46,67 43,33 40,00 46,67 43.33
S o y kie 2 7 5 8 10 8 8
Kem n T y l 6 ( % )
6.67 23.33 16.67 26.67 33,33 26.67 26,67 Ngudn: Tong hdp tH so lieu dieu h
3.2. Cac yeu to a n h bxiring den hoat dong cua Quy HTPT HTX Ha Noi
3.2.1. Nang life tai cbinh cua quy Mac du theo quy dinh quy c6 the huy ddng tfl cac ngudn vo'n khac nhau nhu: Ngudn vo'n huy dong tfl cac to hdp tac, xa vien hdp tac xa;
Cac khoan ddng gop tU nguyen, tai trd, vien trd t:ua cac td cbflc, ca nhan trong va ngoai nude;
Vdn nhan uy thac tfl cae td chflc, ca nhan trong va ngoai nudc de hd trd phat trien hdp tac xa, lien hiep bdp tac xa nhitog cac ngudn vd'n nay cbUa the buy ddng dudc, nguygn nhan cMnb la do mflc lai sua't trong cac boat ddng tin dung cua quy. Vdi nguyen tac hoat ddng la hd trd phat trien ddi vdi cac HTX, THT nen mflc lai 1004
suait cbo vay cua quy tbeo quy ttinh cM bang 70% lai suat tren thi trudng ciia cac NHTM , gay ra nhieu khd khan trong huy ddng vd'n tfl cac ngudn khac cua quy.
Ben canb do cd che ehinh sach quy dinb trong hoat dpng buy ddng ngudn vd'n kbac ngoai ngudn bd trd tfl NSNX cua quy chua cu the', do dd quy khd CO thg' huj dpng dUdc cac ngudn vdn khac theo quy dinh.
3.2.2. Ning lac sin xuat kinb doanh cua HTX, THT tren dia ban
Mot trong nhflng yeu to anh huong den ket qua hoat dong cua Quy do la chat Iuong co sA vat chat cua cac HTX tren dia ban. Theo bao cao cua Lien minh HTX thanh pho Ha Noi tru
Pham Bao Duong, Lg Thi Phuong
Hnh mdi HTX cd td'ng gia tri tai san la 2.579 trieu ddng, trong do tai san cd" dinb la 1.565 trieu ddng, ebi^m 61% tdng tai san cua HTX nen phan ldn cac HTX thieu vdn luu ddng de san xua't kinh doanh. Gia tri tai san co' tiinh tha'p, lai chu ye'u d dang tru sd lam vigc, cdng trinh dUdc giao quan ly ndn HTX tbie'u tai san di the' cha'p vay vd'n ngan bang.
Danb gia ciia cac can bd quy, lien nhiem ve cac HTX tren dia ban dUdc the hien qua bang 7.
Tren 76% can bp dilu tra danh gia cac HTX tren tha ban hidn nay cd nhu cdu vay vdn. Tuy nhign, kha nang tra lai, tra gd'c, kha nang thilc bien pbUdng an SXKD va dam bao cac tJilu kien dam bao .en kem (vdi tren 26% can bd quy va lien nMem dUdc hdi danb gia kem). Dilu nay cho thay Men nay ngoai viec ho trd vd'n vay, quy HTPT HTX Ha Npi can thUc Men cac boat dpng bd' trd khac nham dam bao ngudn vd'n hd trd phat buy dUdc Men qua kM dUdc giai ngan cho HTX.
Thuc t l cho tha'y, da pban cac HTX hoat dgng yeu kem diu la nhflng ncfi cac thanh vien trong ban quan tri co trinh dp tha'p, khdng cd nang lUc tbuc Men xuc tig'n thUdng mai, xay dtfng thUdng hieu, tim kie'm thi trUdng.
Theo bao eao cua lien minh HTX Ha Npi nam 2014, cd 13,26% ehu nhidm HTX cd trinh dp van hda cap I; 30,84% cap H, 48,63% THPT.
Chu nhidm HTX cd trinh do dao tao tfl trung cap trd len mdi chig'm 7,27%.
Ben canb do, qua dilu tra tai cac HTX tren dia ban cho tha'y, da sd' can bo quan ly HTX ehUa qua tap hua'n ngMep vu chuyen mon trUdc kM dam nMgm cac vi tri quan Iy HTX. Trong cac ban quan tri HTX, cbi cd 11,3% can bd co trinb dp tfl trung ca'p trd len. Can bd c6 trinh dp tfl trung cap trd len trong ban kidm soat chi chiem 21,7%. Ddi vdi can bd ke toan, thii quy, van pn nMeu ndi can bd cd trinh dd tfl ca'p III trd xudng. Ty le can bd trpng cac HTX ndng nghiep sfl dung cdng nghe tin hoc van pn kha khiem tdn, cM cd khoang 60% HTX stf dung may vi tinh trong cdng tac kg' toan.
Nhin cbung, cac thanh vien HTX diu chua ducic dao tao vl cbuyen mdn ki thuat, trinb dp cbu yeu diu nam d bac THCS va THPT. Tbflc te tham do y kien cac xa vien, hp thUc hien san xuS^t
kinh doanh dIu dUa vap ldnh ngMem cha dng truyin lai, hoc hdi tfl ban be va tU tich My kinb nghiem cho ban than trong thUc te' hoat ddng.
3.2.3. Cache, cbinh sach
Trong nhiing nam qua, viec thUe Men cac cMnh sach hd trd HTX en cd nhflng ban che do mdt so van ban chinb sach hien vin en hieu Itfc nhung khdng cd tinh kha thi cao, cdn sdm sfla dd'i, tiien hinh nbu chinh sach uu dai da't dai cho HTX, gay lung tung cbo mpt so' dia phUdng khdng en quy ddt eong dl giao cho HTX. CMnb sach bo trd, Uu dai doi vdi HTX dUdc quy tiinh tai nMeu van ban khac nhau, khd thep ddi va td'ng hdp, trpng khi kha nang tiep can thong tm, Meu big't phap Mat cua can bp va xa vien HTX en ban chl. Khi tie'p can chinb sach, nMeu HTX rdi vao yng ludn quan vdi ma tran cae quy tiinh cua cMnb sach khae. Vi du, de dUdc vay vd'n tM HTX phai cd ddt, CO giay chflng nhan quyen sfl dung da't; de dUdc tham gia vao cac dU an ling dung KH & CN tM HTX phai ed vd'n ddi flng va dat,„
Do do, HTX da khdng the tiep can dUdc vdi cac boat ddng bd trd tin dung ttu dai ciia quy.
Khi dUdc bdi ve van ban hUdng ddn chinh sach quj, cd tdi 16,67% can bp cua quy va cac bd lam edng tac lien nhigm dUOc dieu tra tra Idi la chua rd rang, 53,33% can bp tra Idi iJnh tbudng, day la mdt han chg' ldn trong viee lam bd sd thu tuc giai ngan vdn. Mat khac, cd tren 43% can bp quy, lien nhigm cho bie't vigc tap budn hudng ddn cbo HTX ve thu tuc vay vo'n it va khong dUdc thifc hien. Dieu nay da gay trd ngai ldn cho viec cac HTX tie'p can va hoan tdt hd sd vay vo'n, ddng thdi cung khien cho can bp quy, can bp lien nhiem mdt nhieu thdi gian eho viee hu6ng ddn ve thu tuc cho tflng HTX.
CM'nh sach dat dai ddi vdi bdp tac xa en nhilu bat cap. Nhieu hdp tac xa chUa dUde cap gidy chflng nhan quyen sfl dung da't, do do kho khan trong the' chdp dg' vay vdn. Qua dilu tra tai cac HTX tren dia ban thanh phd Ha Noi cho tha'y, cd gan 80% sd HTX dUdc dieu tra khong tie'p can dUde vdi ngudn Hn dung ho trd cua quy do khdng co tai san dam bao. Do vay, trong thdi 1005
Hoat ddng t^a quy ho tro phat tnln hop tac xa thanh phd Ha Ndi
g i a n tdi m d t m a t q u y c a n d e n g h i cac c a p co t h a m q u y l n d a y m a n h h d t r d t i n d u n g t i n c h a p vdi mflc v a y dudi 500 t r i e u ddng/lUdt v a y ddi vdi cac HTX k h o n g cd t a i s a n d a m b a o n h u n g cd pbUdng a n k i n h d o a n h M e u q u a . M a t k b a c , c M n b q u y e n e a c cap, dac b i e t la U B N D eac x a c d n d a y m a n b viec
c a p gifiy chflng n h a n q u y e n sfl d i m g d a t -ho cac H T X d l c a c H T X cd dil d i e u k i e n tie'p c a n v d i n g u d n vdn tin d u n g Uu tlai c u a q u y .
B g n c a n b dd, q u y c b e b o a t d p n g c u a q u y Cling a n b b u d n g k b d n g n h d de'n M e u q u a b o a t d d n g c u a q u y .
Ti> TC trd" len;
7.27%
THPT; 48,53%
Ti^u ht?c; 13,26%
B i e u d o 3 . T r i n h d o h o c v a n c u a c a c c b u n h i e m H T X t r e n d i a b a n t h a n b p h o H a N o i Nguon; -Lien mini HTX Ha Noi, 2014
I Chinh xac, ro rang • Binh thipdng a Chua ro rang
Bieu do 4. D a n b gia c u a can bp quy, lien n b i e n i ve v a n b a n bifdng d a n c b i n h s a c h c u a quy
B a n g 8. D a n h gia c u a HTX ve e a c h lam viec, cac quy d i n b cua Quy HTPT HTX
NOi dung Khong hgrp ly
C;ach lam viec cua CBNV quy Quy djnh ve s6 v6n dutrc vay tgi qu?
Yeu cau ve hd so, thu tuc vay von Quy ^ n h vd mi>c lai su^t YSu cau vh tai san dSm bao
46.67 35,56
35,56 15.56
So :^ kien T y le (%)
53,33 57.78 24.44
15,56 17,78
Nguon- Tdnghdp sdhSu dieu tra
1 0 0 6
Phgm Bio Duong. Le Th| Phuong
Theo sd heu dilu tra chP thdy, hign nay each lam viee cua can bd quy, dac biet la can bd tin dung dUdc danh gia rdt cao, mflc quy dinh v l vdn duOc vay tai quy theo hien tai la hdp ly, tuy nhign eung cd mdt sd'HTX cho rang quy can ddy manh viec cho vay tin chap ddi vdi cac khoan vay dudi 500 trieu ddng/ludt vay de cac HTX cd the dl dang tilp can dudc vdi ngudn vd'n hd trd hdn. Thuc te khi danh gia ve quy dtinh trong yeu cau vl tai san dam bao, cd tdi 60% HTX cho rdng quy dinh nay ehUa hdp ly. Theo cac HTX cho bie't, thuc te' neu ho cd tai san dam bao ho da co the vay vdn tfl cac td chflc tin dung khac, tuy nMen vdn di b day la bo kbdng thi tig'p can vdi cac ngudn vd'n tin dung dd. Do dd tbeo cac HTX quy mudn boat dong cd Meu qua thi cdn ddy manh vigc cbo vay tin chap dl thao g3 kho khan cho cac HTX ve von tin dung trong thUc bien cac phUdng an kmh doanh cua ho.
3.3. Mot so' giai p h a p n a n g cao hieu q u a boat dong cua Quy ho t r d p h a t trie'n HTX thanh pho' Ha Noi
3.3.1. Hoan tbien cac van ban cbinh sach Trong thdi gian tdi, tren cd sd thifc hign Luat HTX nam 2012, cac Nghi dinh va Thdng tu cd ben quan, cu t h i la de thuc hien co higu qua Quyg't dinb 2261/QD-TTg ngay 15/12/2014 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu v l phe duygt ChUdng trinh hd trd phat triln HTX giai doan 2015- 2020 dat hieu qua, can tang cudng thUc bien cac giai phap ho trd mdt each tich cUc va chat chg.
Mpt so giai phap cu thi nhU sau:
Mot la: Xay dtfng dinh budng chie'n lucJc va ban hanh cac cd cbe chiiih sach ddng bp. Nha nudc cdn xay dUng tiinh hudng ehiln Mdc tfl nay de'n nam 2020 va tam nhin den nam 2030 cung nbu ban hanh cac cd chg' chinh sach phu bcJp nham khuyen kMch nguon vd'n bo trd cbo quy hoat ddng.
Hai la: B6 sung, hoan chinh ddng bd he thdng cd che, cMnh sach ddi vdi cac boat dpng ciia quy. Tang cudng stf bdp tac, phdi hdp trong hoat ddng gifla quy, lien minb HTX, sd ndng nghigp & PTNT, sd ke hoach va ddu tu, phng ndng nghigp va mot sd cd quan chflc nang khac
tren dia b&n thanh pho' Ha Npi trong quan ly va hd trtj cac hoat ddng cua quy,
3.3.2. Cai each hanh chinb, nang cao chat Iitcfng boat dgng tin dung tai quy
- Thuc hien cai each hanh chinh Ddn gian hda cac thu tuc, cac mdu bieu phai ngdn gon, de doc, dd hilu, dl thuc hien. Trong qua trinh tbflc Men, quy cdn chii ddng phat Men va kip thdi sfla dd'i, bd sung, thay the" hoac bai bd, huy bd cac quy dinb cd lien quan thudc thdm quyen hoac de nghi bdng van ban, gfli cd quan quan If ca'p trgn ve cac quy tiinh, cac van ban, mdu bieu va cac tbu tuc hanh chinb lien quan dg'n thu tuc giai quye't cdng viec can sfla ddi, bo sung, thay the hoac bai bd, buy bd d l thuc Men phUdng an ddn gian hda thii tuc giai quylt cdng vigc dUdc thuan Idi cho cac HTX, THT vay voii va cho cac can bd thUc thi nhiem vu.
- Md rdng dilu kidn cho vay, phat trien san phdm mdi ve cho vay tiii dung
Trifdc he't quy can md thgm mdt so'Mnh thflc cho vay tin dung ddi vdi thanh vign nhu sau:
Mgt la, cbo vay theo han mflc tin dung, phUdng thflc nay ap dung vdi tbanh vien co nbu cau vay vd^n thudng xuyen, kinh doanh on dinh.
Theo do, quy va HTX, THT xac dinh va thoa thuan mpt ban mflc tin dung duy tr trpng thdi ban nhat tiinh hoac theo chu kp san xudt kinh doanh. Trong pham vi ban mflc tin dung, thdi ban bieu Mc ciia han mflc tin dung, moi lan rut vdn vay, HTX, THT va quy lap gia'y nhan nd kem theo cac chflng tfl phu bdp vdi muc dich sfl dung vo'n trong hdp ddng tin dung.
Hai la, cbo vay tra gdp, khi vay von quy va cae HTX xac dinh va thoa thuan sd lai vo'n vay phai tra cdng vdi so' nd gd'c dUdc chia ra de tra nd tbeo nhieu ky ban trong thdi ban cho vay.
Can cfl vao dieu kien san xua't kinh doanh, nang lUc tai chinb cua HTX de phan thanh nhieu ky ban tra nd. Hinh thflc nay rat thuan Idi va chu dpng sfl dung vdn va tra nd ddi vdi cac HTX hoac THT cd quy mo vfla va nhd.
Ba la, van dung linh hoat mflc lai suS't eho vay. Nhu da pban tich b tren, viee ap dung linh boat mflc lai sudt cho vay d hai mflc, mpt la mflc 1007
Hoat dpng cOa quy hd tro phit tnln hop tac xa thanh pho Ha Ndi
lai s u d t Uu d a i ddi vdi l d n v a y d d u tien v a mflc lai sua't t h e o t h i t r U d n g b cac l a n v a y tig'p t h e o c u a cac HTX. Viec a p d u n g l i n h h o a t mflc lai s u d t n h u t r e n se giai q u y e t d d n g t h d i dUdc n h u c a u t i n d u n g c u a H T X c u n g nhU bo s u n g dUdc m o t p h a n vo'n t i n d u n g cho q u y tfl t i e n lai v a cd t h i b u y d p n g dUdc tfl cac n g u p n vd'n u y t h a c .
3.3.3. Nang cao cbat lifting va phat trien nhan lyCc quy
Tha nhat, ddi mdi cd c h l t u y I n d u n g , t h u biit n h f l n g ngUdi cd n a n g Mc, c6 t r i n h dp v a o l a m viec t a i quy. T u y e n d u n g p h a i d a m b a o n h a n Mc co t r i t u e , t h e Mc, co t i l m n a n g v a cd dao dflc p h a m c h a t td't.
Thii hai, dao t a o n g u d n n h a n lUc, tflng bUdc e b u a n b o a c a n bp l a m cdng t a c t a i quy. C u n g vdi sU g i u p dd tfl b g n ngoai, d a e b i e t l a sU q u a n t a m c u a Hen m i n h H T X t h a n h phd' H a Ndi, l i e n m i n h HTX V i e t N a m , q u y H T P T H T X t r u n g Udng md nhflng ldp t a p h u a n n g d n n g a y (cd t h d i g i a n tfl 3-5 n g a y moi ldp) d e dao t a o eho c a n bp c u a q u y n a n g eao nhflng m a t cdn b a n cbe' n h u cong t a c k i e m t o a n npi bo, q u a n ly t a i c h i n h , t h a m d i n h h o sd, t i n hpc v a n phong,...
Thfl ba, c a n thUc h i e n d a n h gia, p b a n loai c a n b p c u a q u y d e bo^ t r i sdp x I p lai cong viec c u a ttfng c a n bo t h e o c h u y e n m o n n g M e p v u p h u h d p vdi n a n g Mc, sd trUdng c u a tflng n h a n v i e n . Q u a sU s d p xep n a y q u y se co chien lUde quy h o a c h dao tao, dao t a o lai dpi n g u c a n bp p h u h d p vdi t n b b i n h t h u c t e v a n h u c a u c a n bd q u a n ly t r o n g giai d o a n h i e n n a y .
4. KET LUAN
Q u y H T P T HTX H a Ndi cd n h f l n g dieu k i e n , q u y d i n h h o t r d cho doi tUdng la HTX, T H T t d t b d n so vdi mpt s d to chflc t i n d u n g k h a c . N g u d n v d n c u a q u y da t a n g tfl 5 t y d d n g n a m 2 0 0 8 len 256 t y d d n g n a m 2014, hd t r d eho 2 1 9 H T X v a 1.220 T H T dUdc v a y vdn t i n d u n g Uu dai. T h d n g q u a n g u d n v d n t i n d u n g h o t r d tfl q u y , cac HTX, T H T d a d a y m a n h p h a t t r i l n s a n x u d t k i n h d o a n h , t a n g t h g m lOi n h u a n v a t a o n h i e u cdng a n viec l a m cho n g u d i d a n t r o n g v u n g . T u y n h i e n , n g u d n vdn h p a t d d n g c u a q u y
con thig'u, c h u yg'u h u y d 6 n g tfl n g u d n n g a n s a c h t h a n h p h d H a Npi (chiem 93%), q u y c h u a b u y d p n g vd'n dxioc tfl cac n g u d n h u y d p n g k b a c . So MtJng HTX dUdc q u y bd t r d v d n t i n d u n g t r o n g giai d o a n 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 4 cM c M l m 1 3 % td'ng s d H T X t r e n d i a b a n t b a n h p b d H a Npi, b e n c a n b dd c a c chUdng t r i n b cbo v a y c b u y l u l a cbo v a y n g a n h a n v a t r u n g b a n . T r o n g t h d i g i a n tie'p t h e o , dg n a n g cao h i e u q u a b o a t d d n g c u a q u y , c d n p h a i thtfc M e n m p t s d giai p h a p n b U s a u : (i) H o a n t h i e n cac v a n b a n c b i n h s a c h ; (ii) Thflc M e n cai e a c h h a n h c h i n h , n a n g c a o cha't lUdng b o a t d d n g t i n d u n g t a i q u y ; (iii) N a n g cao cha't M d n g v a p h a t t r i e n n h a n life q u y .
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
H. Hai (2015). Ha Ndi them 152 HTX mdi thanh lap.
http://hanoi.gov vn/chidaodieuhanh/- /hn/tOgZB5 w6V7Wh/2 807/2745 340/9/ha-noi- them-152-htx-moi-thaiih-
lap. html ;jsessionid=gS W C Z 1 0 9 U M - K : V J N P E 3 LvKsNs.node5, truy cap ngay 19/03/2016.
Quy trp phat trien hop tac xa thanh pho Ha Npi (2014).
Bao eao tdng ket 5 nam boat ddng (giai doan 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 3 ) .
Quyet dinh sd 246/2006/QD-TTg ciia Tbti tudng Chinh phil ngay 27/10/2006 ve viec thanh lap Quy hd trg phat trien h c ^ tac xa;
Quyet dinh s6 349/QD-UBND ngay 21 thang 01 nam 2008 cua UBND thanh phd Ha Npi vk viec thanh lap Quy ho Up phat trien hop tac xa thanh phd Ha Ndi;
QuySt dmh sd 6376/QD-UBND ngay 7 thang 12 nam 2009 cua UBND thanh phd Ha Noi vk viec ban hanh Dieu le to chuc va hoat ddng ciia Quy hd Uo phat Uien HTX thanh phd Ha Npi;
Q u y a dinh sd I05/QD-UBND ngay 10 thang 01 nam 2011 cua Chii tich UBND thanh phd Ha Noi vd viee quy dmh lai chuc nang, nhiem vu va co cdu td ehue bp may eua Quy hd fro phat tri^n hpp tac xa thanh pho Ha Ndi;
Quygt dinh s6 7748/QD-UBND ngay 19 thang 12 nam 2013 cua Chu tich UBND thanh phd Ha Npi vk ban hanh dieu le to ehue va boat dpng ciia Quy h6 Up phat Uien hap tac xa thanh phd Ha Ndi- Quygt dinh sd 04/QD-QHT ngay 21 thang 01 nam 2014
ciia Quy ho Ug phat tdkn hop tac xa thanh phd Ha Npi ve viec ban hanh quy eh^ lam viec ciia van phdng Quy hd u p phat tri^n hpp tae xa thanh nhd
1008
